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fact, to even voice such a suggestion is unethical. It is natural that a woman, because of her physical, emotional, and spiritual inclinations, may give certain issues greater attention, issues that men may not normally address. I believe that if those who choose art to express their inner self, feel they have to do so with their gender in mind, they would never progress in their art -- and that is not right. So when I write, if I keep thinking, oh I'm a woman and I must address feminine issues rather than human issues, then that is a kind of stopping and self-destruction. Because what matters, is to cultivate and nourish one's own positive characteristics until one reaches a level worthy of being a human. What is important is the work produced by a human being and not one labelled as a man or a woman. When a poem reaches a certain level of maturation, it separates itself from its creator and connects to a world where it is valid based on its own merits." Emphasizing human issues, she also calls for a recognition of women's abilities that goes beyond the traditional binary oppositions.
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262:"After her separation, and later her divorce (1954), from Parviz, she lost custody of her son because she had had several affairs. Her son Kamyar, whom she affectionately calls Kami, was taken away from her and brought up by Parviz and his family. Forugh was given very few visiting rights, and the child was brought up with the impression that his mother had abandoned him for poetry and the pursuit of her sexual pleasures. The thought of her son thinking that she willingly abandoned him was a source of great sorrow and constant torment for her."
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Farrokhzad died in a car accident on 14 February 1967, at the age of 32. Although the exact circumstances of her demise have been the subject of much debate, the official story is that she swerved her jeep to avoid an oncoming school bus and was thrown out of her car, hitting her head against the
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In a radio interview, when asked about the feminine perspective in her poems, Farrokhzad replied: "If my poems, as you say, have an aspect of femininity, it is of course quite natural. After all, fortunately, I am a woman. But if you speak of artistic merits, I think gender cannot play a role. In
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Contemporary
Persian and Classical Persian are the same language, but writers since 1900 are classified as contemporary. At one time, Persian was a common cultural language of much of the non-Arabic Islamic world. Today it is the official language of
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who speaks about
Farrokhzad's final moments where she died in his arms. Farrokhzad's poem "Let Us Believe in the Dawn of the Cold Season" was published posthumously, and is considered by some to be one of the best-structured modern poems in
391:(Farsi title پری کوچک دریا) (2006) in which he describes Forugh as a pioneer in modern Farsi poetry who symbolizes feminism in her work. Nasser Saffarian has directed three documentaries about her life:
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The literal translation of the title is "Let Us
Believe in the beginning of the Cold Season". "Let Us Believe in the Dawn of the Cold Season" is a poetic translation/re-creation by poet Sholeh Wolpe in
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It is Only Sound that
Remains: The Life and Legacy of Forough Farrokhzad, with Translation of Two Collections of her Poetry ("Another Birth" and "Let Us Believe in the Beginning of the Cold Season"),
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416:. "I rue all the years she isn't here, of course, that's obvious," he said. "We were very close, but I can't measure how much I had feelings for her. How can I? In kilos? In metres?"
1471:"Suman Pokhrel's Blog: सुमन पोखरेल Suman Pokhrel - भित्तामा टाउको बजारेँ मैले (Nepali translation of Anna Swir's poem "I Knocked My Head against the Wall") - November 05, 2012 11:09"
247:, and Gloria), she attended school until the ninth grade, then was taught painting and sewing at a girls' school for the manual arts. At the age of 16, she was married to satirist
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of Forugh
Farrokhzad with her letters and interviews in 1981. A revised edition of the same volume is published by Mage Publishers (Washington, DC) in 2010 as a bilingual edition.
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movement. During the 12 days of shooting, she became attached to
Hossein Mansouri, the child of two lepers. She adopted the boy and brought him to live at her mother's house.
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Farrokhzad's strong feminine voice became the focus of much negative attention and open disapproval, both during her lifetime and in the posthumous reception of her work.
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In
February 2017, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Farrokhzad's death, the 94-year-old Golestan broke his silence about his relationship with her, speaking to
1506:, edited by Sylwia Surdykowska-Konieczny, Magdalena Rodziewicz, Mirosław Michalak, and Piotr Bachtin, 69–88. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.
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Forugh
Farrokhzad was born in Tehran on 28 December 1934, to career military officer Colonel Mohammad Bagher Farrokhzad (the Farrokhzad family hail from
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Hava Na'amin be Reshit HaOna HaKara (Let Us
Believe in the Beginning of the Cold Season) - A translation to Hebrew of Forough Farrokhzad's book of poems
269:, who reinforced her own inclinations to express herself and live independently, and with whom she began a love affair. She published two more volumes,
1457:"Suman Pokhrel's Blog: सुमन पोखरेल Suman Pokhrel - म र मेरो म (Nepali translation of Anna Swir's poem "Myself and My Person") - August 14, 2011 20:12"
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Farrokhzad spent nine months in Europe in 1958. After returning to Iran, in search of a job she met filmmaker and writer
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The Little
Mermaid, Critical Review of Poems by Forough Farrokhzad. 2006. Amitis Publishers, Tehran, Iran.
239:) and his wife Touran Vaziri-Tabar. The fourth of seven children (the others being Amir, Massoud, Mehrdad,
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on the occasion of the fortieth anniversary of Forugh Farrokhzad's death on Thursday 13 February 2007 (
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poet and an iconoclastic, feminist author. Farrokhzad died in a car accident at the age of 32.
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in 1964. Her poetry at that time varied significantly from former Iranian poetic traditions.
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Mohammad Reza Vaez Shahrestani, "Forough's Existentialist Lifeworld: A Minimalist Reading",
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453:(University of Arkansas Press) ISBN 978-1557289483 Recipient of Lois Roth Translation Award
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Leda Acheret (Another Birth) a translation to Hebrew of Forough Farokhzad's Book of Poems
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Michael Craig Hillmann, "An Autobiographical Voice: Forough Farrokhzad", in
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Manijeh Mannani, "The Reader's Experience and Forough Farrokhzad's Poetry",
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O Ty, z jakiejkolwiek przychodzisz krainy, przeczytaj opowiedzianą pieśń…
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Parī-e kūchak-e daryā : naqd va taḥlīl-e she'r-i Forugh Farrokhzād
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curb. It was believed she died before reaching the hospital, however,
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external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into
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Sin- Selected Poem of Forugh Farrokhzad, edited and translated by
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Farrokhzad's poetry was banned for more than a decade after the
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Forugh Farrokhzad: A Literary Biography with Unpublished Letters
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Bachtin, Piotr (2023). "Siedem wierszy Forugh Farrochzād". In
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I Have Sinned. Forugh Farrokhzad in Best American Poetry blog
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Veils and Words: The Emerging Voices of Iranian Women Writers
252:
477:, translated by Ali Salami, (Zabankadeh Publications, 2001)
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Earth Poems: Poems From Around The World To Honor The Earth
535:, (Frontier Publishing, Norfolk, 1993), later reprinted as
216:
96:
212:; 28 December 1934 – 14 February 1967) was an influential
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The Legendary Iranian Poet Who Gave Me Hope, Literary Hub
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Women and the Political Process in Twentieth-Century Iran
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Forough Farrokhzhad's Biography & Unpublished Letters
255:. Her only child, a son named Kamyar Shapour (subject of
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1445:(First ed.). Kathmandu: Shikha Books. p. 174.
1261:زندگی نامه ادبی فروغ فرخ زاد همراه با نامههای چاپ نشده
1250:
Dobie, Ann B. Theory into practice, Third edition.P.117
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Wolpé, Sholeh (2007), "FORUGH FARROKHZAD (1935–1967)",
786:, (Fayetteville : University of Arkansas Press, 2007).
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Bride of Acacias: Selected Poems of Forugh Farrokhzad
419:
1809:"Forugh Farrokhzad, a Pioneer Female Poet from Iran"
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1223:, University of Arkansas Press, pp. xvi–xxxii,
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733:'s translations. Directed by London-based filmmaker
459:, translated and edited by Elizabeth T. Gray, Jr., (
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by Sholeh Wolpe, University of Arkansas Press, 2007
608:: Collected in Manpareka Kehi Kavita translated by
580:: Domenico Ingenito (ed.) Domenico Ingenito (ed.),
676:(Three Continents Press, Washington, D.C., 1987).
457:Let Us Believe in the Beginning of the Cold Season
1628:may not follow Knowledge's policies or guidelines
1534:
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674:A Lonely Woman: Forough Farrokhzad and Her Poetry
377:A Lonely Woman: Forough Farrokhzad and Her Poetry
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1519:Форуг Фаррохзад, Стихи из книги "Новое рождение"
710:
379:, was published in 1987. Farzaneh Milani's work
1887:Inscription of Xerxes the Great in Van Fortress
1736:Another website containing her poems in English
291:, is considered to be an essential part of the
1779:, Listen to some of her poems by her own voice
1773:Forough's poem translated by Mohammad Rajabpur
657:published by "Qirq bir oshiq daftari" Tashkent
645:published by 'Sheherzade Publications' Karachi
1832:
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1096:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 168–.
1089:
1066:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 283–.
559:, Sylvie Mochiri (pen name: Sylvie M. Miller)
1190:. University of Arkansas Press. 2007-10-01.
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1083:
809:Women's Autobiographies in Contemporary Iran
371:. A brief literary biography of Farrokhzad,
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1055:
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1032:Daniel, Elton L.; Mahdi, Ali Akbar (2006).
635:: Hashem Khosrow-Shahi, Jalal Khosrow-Shahi
306:Feminine perspective in Farrokhzad's poetry
1892:Achaemenid inscription in the Kharg Island
1839:
1825:
990:
281:to make a film about Iranians affected by
3893:and one of the two official languages of
1803:as translated and recited by Sholeh Wolpé
1664:Learn how and when to remove this message
1080:
488:Hasan Javadi and Susan Sallée translated
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1275:Sin: Selected Poems of Forugh Farrokhzad
1118:Sin: Selected Poems of Forugh Farrokhzad
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1777:Iranian.com audio archive of her poems
1592:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1000:The World of Persian Literary Humanism
765:, a novel about Forough Farrokhzad by
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1908:
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1820:
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1021:
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755:, a play about Forough Farrokhzad by
383:(1992) included a chapter about her.
285:. This 1962 documentary film, titled
1608:
1490:Manpareka Kehi Kavita in Translation
1130:Dehghan, Saeed Kamali (2017-02-12).
527:"I Pity The Garden" was included in
1492:]. Kalashree. pp. 358–359.
1260:
1036:. Greenwood Press. pp. 81–82.
997:Dabashi, Hamid (20 November 2012).
848:(Tehran: Amitis Publishers, 2006).
209:
13:
834:(a play about Forough Farrokhzad).
773:
702:Forugh Farrokhzad: tutte le poesie
586:Forugh Farrokhzad: tutte le poesie
420:Translations of Farrokhzad's works
14:
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1927:Counsels of Adurbad-e Mahrspandan
1604:
1441:] (in Nepali). Translated by
952:Farzaneh Milani (11 March 2016).
741:I Shall Salute the Sun Once Again
660:"Qayg'u guli", Tashkent, 2019-yil
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1748:Iran Chamber's Article on Forugh
1699:Website with poems by Farrokhzad
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698:Io parlo dai confini della notte
582:Io parlo dai confini della notte
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3856:Mohammad Ebrahim Bastani Parizi
3287:Mohammad Hanif (Iranian writer)
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2927:Mahmoud Mosharraf Azad Tehrani
1947:Karnamak-i Artaxshir-i Papakan
1156:
1123:
1110:
1090:Parvin Paidar (24 July 1997).
1063:Sexual Politics in Modern Iran
974:
962:. Event occurs at 12:31-13:00
945:
841:(Kolkata: Iran Society, 2010).
719:Painting by Forough Farrokhzad
360:Grave of Forugh Farrokhzad at
51:Foroghzaman Farrokhzād Arraghi
1:
3035:Mohammad-Reza Shafiei Kadkani
2275:Abu'l Hasan Mihyar al-Daylami
2025:
1486:अनुवादमा 'मनपरेका केही कविता'
1354:Balslev, Sivan (2014-05-01).
1337:Balslev, Sivan (2012-08-01).
1309:. (Farsi title پری کوچک دریا)
985:[fʊˌɾuːɣefæɾɾoxˈzɒːd]
938:
711:Documentaries and other works
490:Another Birth: Selected Poems
475:Another Birth: Selected Poems
3970:Women documentary filmmakers
3955:Persian-language women poets
3950:Road incident deaths in Iran
3935:Iranian women film directors
1704:Words Without Borders Campus
1060:Janet Afary (9 April 2009).
839:Eminent Poetesses of Persian
7:
2738:Mohammad Qoli Salim Tehrani
1783:Forough Farrokhzad's Resume
1755:, a biography by Professor
1034:Culture and Customs of Iran
867:
861:Literature & Aesthetics
539:(HarperSanFrancisco, 1996)
10:
3991:
3960:20th-century women writers
3920:20th-century Iranian poets
2816:Mirza Mohammad Taqi Sepehr
1909:
339:, cites an interview with
259:), was born a year later.
223:. She was a controversial
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1967:Shahrestanha-ye Eranshahr
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1799:Forugh Farrokhzad's poem
1714:Interview on Pusle Berlin
695:Domenico Ingenito (ed.),
461:New Directions Publishing
351:
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3455:Mirza Fatali Akhundzadeh
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2321:Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi
2217:Fakhruddin As'ad Gurgani
1877:Old Persian inscriptions
1518:
1516:Полещук, Виктор (2002).
1484:Tripathi, Geeta (2018).
1434:
1289:, UCLA, May 2017, p. 156
1005:Harvard University Press
817:Harvard University Press
804:, pp. 49–65 (2001).
672:Michael Craig Hillmann,
529:The Green Book of Poetry
325:
41:
16:Iranian poet (1935–1967)
3805:Houshang Moradi Kermani
3409:Houshang Moradi Kermani
3404:Jaafar Modarres-Sadeghi
3389:Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh
3300:Zeyn al-Abedin Maraghei
2800:Zayn al-Abidin Shirvani
2774:Abbas Foroughi Bastami
1859:
1766:Women Voices for Change
1761:University of Minnesota
1524:Inostrannaya Literatura
1439:Some Poems of My Choice
704:(Milan: Bompiani, 2023)
588:(Milan: Bompiani, 2023)
3930:Iranian film directors
3915:Persian-language poets
3257:Ghassem Hashemi Nezhad
2808:Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat
2429:Shams al-Din Qays Razi
2172:Khwaja Abdullah Ansari
1549:www.ezzatgoushegir.com
1545:"The Bride of Acacias"
1229:10.2307/j.ctt1ffjm51.6
981:Persian pronunciation:
763:Song of a Captive Bird
720:
520:, including the poem "
393:The Mirror of the Soul
373:Michael Craig Hillmann
364:
315:
277:, before traveling to
77:Imperial State of Iran
3965:Iranian women writers
3793:Children's literature
3650:Rasoul Mollagholipour
3540:Rakhshan Bani-E'temad
3483:Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi
3478:Alireza Koushk Jalali
3424:Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi
3310:Shahriyar Mandanipour
2552:Shah Ni'matullah Wali
2396:Kamal al-Din Esfahani
2237:Ayn-al-Quzat Hamadani
2008:Shikand-gumanig Vizar
1991:Anthology of Zadspram
1432:Manpareka Kehi Kavita
718:
600:Salahaddin University
362:Zahir Dowleh Cemetery
359:
313:
231:Early life and career
87:Zahir Dowleh Cemetery
3690:Sohrab Shahid-Saless
3555:Pouran Derakhshandeh
3535:Mohammad Reza Aslani
3473:Amir Reza Koohestani
3232:Ali Mohammad Afghani
2902:Mohammad Reza Aslani
2831:Mahmud Saba Kashani
2567:Fazlallah Astarabadi
2443:Afdal al-Din Kashani
2438:Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī
2388:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
2270:Afdal al-Din Kashani
2084:Abu Tahir Khosrovani
1872:Behistun Inscription
1686:at Wikimedia Commons
1634:improve this article
1326:. February 12, 2017.
1196:10.2307/j.ctt1ffjm51
863:28 (2): 33–50. 2018.
844:Abdolali Dastgheib,
832:The Bride of Acacias
753:The Bride of Acacias
747:Moon Sun Flower Game
428:: Mohammad Al-Amin,
408:Saeed Kamali Dehghan
188:Fereydoun Farrokhzad
151: 1952;
126:Another Birth (1964)
3615:Varuzh Karim-Masihi
3354:Abolhassan Etessami
3272:Mahmoud Dowlatabadi
3124:Abdul Ali Mustaghni
3109:Khalilullah Khalili
3049:Manouchehr Sheybani
3025:Tahereh Saffarzadeh
2932:Mohammad-Taqi Bahar
2889:Mehdi Akhavan-Sales
2531:Zu'l-Fiqar Shirvani
2376:Faramarz-e Khodadad
1962:Shabuhragan of Mani
1813:(website about her)
1646:footnote references
1388:Farrokhzad, Forough
1376:Świrszczyńska, Anna
1299:Dastgheib, Abdolali
1164:"Forugh Farrokhzad"
960:Library of Congress
798:Crossing Boundaries
623:: Viktor Poleshchuk
3759:Ebrahim Pourdavoud
3744:Ahmad Kamyabi Mask
3714:Najaf Daryabandari
3575:Behrouz Gharibpour
3419:Shahrnush Parsipur
3394:Aboutorab Khosravi
3296:Aboutorab Khosravi
3160:Gulrukhsor Safieva
3078:Edward Haghverdian
2742:Rasa Salim Tehrani
2461:Abu'l Majd Tabrizi
2448:Fakhr-al-Din Iraqi
2104:Abusaeid Abolkheir
2043:Muhammad ibn Wasif
1998:Zand-i Wahman yasn
1957:Dana-i Menog Khrat
1942:Book of Arda Viraf
1848:Persian literature
1771:Terrestrial Verses
1753:Farrukhzad, Forugh
1741:2015-08-17 at the
1724:2020-09-27 at the
1684:Forough Farrokhzad
1526:(in Russian) (8).
1435:मनपरेका केही कविता
726:Only Voice Remains
721:
573:Annemarie Schimmel
401:Summit of the Wave
389:The Little Mermaid
385:Abdolali Dastgheib
369:Islamic Revolution
365:
316:
314:Farrokhzad in 1965
288:The House is Black
120:The Captive (1955)
3975:Poets from Tehran
3902:
3901:
3878:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3825:Farhad Hasanzadeh
3764:Hamid Samandarian
3705:Amrollah Abjadian
3670:Fereydoun Rahnema
3635:Mohsen Makhmalbaf
3620:Samuel Khachikian
3605:Ebrahim Hatamikia
3516:Mohammad Yaghoubi
3512:Mirza Aqa Tabrizi
3379:Houshang Golshiri
3292:Houshang Golshiri
3252:Mahshid Amirshahi
3237:Ghazaleh Alizadeh
3220:
3219:
3155:Abolqasem Lahouti
3150:Iskandar Khatloni
3063:Fereydoon Moshiri
3010:Mohammad Mokhtari
2970:Forugh Farrokhzad
2922:Manouchehr Atashi
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2718:
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2664:Muhtasham Kashani
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2636:
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2516:Nozhat al-Majales
2512:
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2453:Mahmud Shabistari
2420:Abu Tahir Tarsusi
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2079:Abu Shakur Balkhi
2016:
2015:
1952:Cube of Zoroaster
1922:Ayadgar-i Zariran
1900:
1899:
1690:Forugh Farrokhzad
1682:Media related to
1674:
1673:
1666:
1404:Al-Malaika, Nazik
1392:Mistral, Gabriela
1384:Agustini, Delmira
1103:978-0-521-59572-8
1073:978-1-107-39435-3
1043:978-0-313-32053-8
1014:978-0-674-07061-5
1007:. pp. 290–.
830:Ezzat Goushegir,
813:Afsaneh Najmabadi
690:978-0-934211-11-6
594:: Haidar Khezri,
202:Forugh Farrokhzad
199:
198:
193:Pooran Farrokhzad
179:Hossein (adopted)
23:Forugh Farrokhzad
3982:
3846:Aydin Aghdashloo
3675:Rasul Sadr Ameli
3665:Kambuzia Partovi
3625:Abbas Kiarostami
3610:Abdolreza Kahani
3590:Ebrahim Golestan
3570:Farrokh Ghaffari
3565:Bahman Farmanara
3498:Abbas Nalbandian
3374:Ebrahim Golestan
3341:Jalal Al-e-Ahmad
3277:Soudabeh Fazaeli
3175:Mirzo Tursunzoda
3170:Payrav Sulaymoni
3005:Shams Langeroodi
2961:Parviz Eslampour
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1787:Interview with
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617:: Piotr Bachtin
565:: Sivan Balslev
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83:Resting place
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3660:Jafar Panahi
3630:Majid Majidi
3468:Bahman Forsi
3434:Goli Taraqqi
3359:Javad Mojabi
3349:Sadeq Chubak
3345:Shamim Bahar
3242:Bozorg Alavi
3196:Asad Gulzoda
3053:Nima Yooshij
2990:Bijan Jalali
2969:
2907:Aref Qazvini
2855:Contemporary
2792:Mirza Ghalib
2762:Azar Bigdeli
2721:Saba Kashani
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2693:Saib Tabrizi
2656:Vahshi Bafqi
2640:Baba Faghani
2616:Ahli Shirazi
2591:Ubayd Zakani
2466:Amir Khusrau
2456:(1288–1320s)
2433:Sultan Walad
2260:Banu Goshasp
2209:Omar Khayyam
2099:Rabia Balkhi
1982:Jamasp Namag
1800:
1757:Iraj Bashiri
1660:
1654:January 2023
1651:
1636:by removing
1623:
1577:. Retrieved
1570:the original
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1324:The Guardian
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1314:
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1171:. Retrieved
1167:
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1147:. Retrieved
1136:The Guardian
1135:
1125:
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999:
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964:. Retrieved
954:
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838:
831:
811:, edited by
808:
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780:Sholeh Wolpé
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667:Bibliography
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122:Wall (1956)
71:(1967-02-13)
3945:1967 deaths
3940:1935 births
3895:Afghanistan
3699:Translators
3655:Amir Naderi
3525:Screenplays
3508:Pari Saberi
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3414:Bijan Najdi
3104:Raziq Faani
3087:Afghanistan
3000:Esmail Khoi
2957:Bijan Elahi
2833:(1813–1893)
2827:(1808–1854)
2819:(1801–1880)
2811:(1800–1871)
2803:(1779–1837)
2795:(1797–1869)
2776:(1798–1857)
2765:(1722–1781)
2728:(1642–1720)
2717:(1692–1766)
2696:(1607–1670)
2688:Taleb Amoli
2667:(1500–1588)
2659:(1523–1583)
2635:(1487–1524)
2627:(1483–1556)
2619:(1454–1535)
2511:(1238–1314)
2469:(1253–1325)
2391:(1149–1209)
2383:(1141–1209)
2372:(1126–1189)
2364:(1120–1190)
2324:(1155–1191)
2240:(1098–1131)
2212:(1048–1131)
2204:(1046–1121)
2196:(1018–1092)
2188:(1009–1072)
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2167:(1058–1111)
2159:(1004–1088)
1994:Warshtmansr
1793:BBC Persian
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882:Iran portal
602:Press 2016.
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169:(1960–1967)
107:Nationality
42:فروغ فرخزاد
38:Native name
3909:Categories
3891:Tajikistan
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3503:Akbar Radi
3450:Reza Abdoh
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2329:Adib Sabir
2265:Borzu-Nama
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1579:2007-10-14
1173:2017-10-20
1149:2017-10-20
939:References
533:Ivo Mosley
531:edited by
518:093921430X
257:The Return
93:Occupation
3839:Essayists
2547:Ibn Yamin
2073:Shahnameh
2026:Classical
1882:Ganjnameh
1638:excessive
1144:0261-3077
966:17 August
958:(Video).
819:, 1990).
241:Fereydoun
225:modernist
190:(brother)
184:Relatives
101:filmmaker
3205:Pakistan
2947:Dehkhoda
2632:Ismail I
2482:Golestān
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2785:1800s
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