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389:, ... with a magazine under it, have been repaired and a new barrack erected." Another report in December 1811 stated the fort was "an enclosed work of brick and sods, mounting six heavy guns, covered by a block house".
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Winter Island at the time of
English settlement in the early 17th century was an island separated from the mainland, held as common land by the Proprietors and used as a fortification and for fishing activities. In 1643
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to fortify the colonies. It is unclear how much was accomplished, as a debate on whether the town or the province should fund the rebuilding lasted past 1711, when the war ended for the
American colonies. In 1735 the
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441:. In 1820 it had a capacity of 11 guns. During the 19th century, the island was used primarily for fortification and in 1864 the City of Salem again ceded the island to the federal government in support of the
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in
Marblehead) from 1800 to 1812 included Capt. Alexander D. Pope 1800–1802, a detachment of Capt. Nehemiah Freeman's company 1802–1803, no federal garrison 1804–1808, and Capt. Stephen Ranney 1809–1812.
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385:. In a report on the conditions of fortifications of the United States submitted to Congress by President Jefferson on January 6, 1809, the following is stated regarding Fort Pickering - "The fort and
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Major repairs to the fort were conducted in 1796 and a restoration in 1799. Later in 1799 it was renamed Fort
Pickering in honor of Timothy Pickering, then Secretary of State of the U.S.
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in 1795. Today, the remains of the fort are open to the public as part of the Winter Island
Maritime Park, operated by the City of Salem.
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and Fort
Pickering as the Winter Island Historic District and Archaeological District. Portions of the Civil War fort remain.
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In 1794, the City of Salem ceded the fort to the federal government and a new fort was constructed in its place, part of the
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253:. Construction of the original fort began in 1643 and it saw use as a military installation into the 20th century.
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was also increased in size. To defend against land attack, the gorge at the rear of the fort was guarded by two
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existed in 1853 and 1855. The camp was named for general
William Sutton and was occupied by the 2nd Division.
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Hand-drawn picture of Fort
Pickering from the Pictorial Fieldbook of the War of 1812 by Benson Lossing (1869)
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1985:
Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the
National Register in Massachusetts
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in that war. From May 1864 to June 1865 Fort
Pickering was garrisoned successively by the 3rd and 17th
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existed in 1856. The camp was named for Major General B.F. Edmunds and was occupied by the 4th Brigade.
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346:. The 1794 U.S. Army report on fortifications called for the fort to have eight artillery pieces, a
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in 1973. In 1994, the National Register designated the entire collection of cultural resources at
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also defended Salem's harbor from the 1630s through the American Civil War. Fort Pickering is a
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Encyclopedia of Historic Forts: The Military, Pioneer, and Trading Posts of the United States
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efforts. Although the capacity remained at 11 guns, the area of the fort was increased, with
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Artillerists and Engineers: The Beginnings of American Seacoast Fortifications, 1794–1815
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803:
Manuel, Dale A. (Summer 2020). "Addendum: Massachusetts North Shore Civil War Forts".
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241:. Fort Pickering operated as a strategic coastal defense and military barracks for
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354:. The fort's garrison was proposed to consist of one officer and 22 enlisted men.
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to rebuild the fort to hold 15 guns. It was rebuilt again by the town and known as
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for small arms. Facilities outside the fort included a guard house, hospital/
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794:
Manuel, Dale A. (Summer 2019). "Massachusetts North Shore Civil War Forts".
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American State Papers. Military Affairs. Vol. 1. Document No. 84. pg. 238.
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National Register of Historic Places listings in Essex County, Massachusetts
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789:. Vol. I. Boston, MA: Wright and Potter Printing Co, State Printers.
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American State Papers. Military Affairs. Vol. 1. Document No. 22. pg. 73.
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In 1935 most of the land on Winter Island became the newly established
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The fort was rebuilt in 1800 and 1808 to mount six guns as part of the
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National Register of Historic Places listings in Salem, Massachusetts
523:. Aircraft from the station conducted anti-submarine patrols during
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1975:
National Register of Historic Places in Essex County, Massachusetts
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1940:
Forts on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
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during a variety of periods, serving as a fortification from the
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Massachusetts in the Army and Navy During the War of 1861–65
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and search and rescue missions until it was closed in 1971.
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U.S. National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
310:), and was rebuilt around 1706 under the direction of the
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Winter Island Historic District and Archeological District
807:. Vol. 34, no. 3. Mclean, Virginia: CDSG Press.
798:. Vol. 33, no. 3. Mclean, Virginia: CDSG Press.
511:
Abandoned seaplane hangar at former Fort Pickering, 2016
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camps on Winter Island in the 1850s and 1860s included
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The fort received another military restoration in the
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existed in 1858. The camp was named for Major General
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Unattached Companies Massachusetts Volunteer Militia
1980:
1644 establishments in the Massachusetts Bay Colony
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History of the National Register of Historic Places
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List of coastal fortifications of the United States
894:Former military forts, reservations, and camps in
1965:Buildings and structures in Salem, Massachusetts
1926:
491:, and two 24-pounder rifles. It was also called
1902:National Register of Historic Places portal
573:List of military installations in Massachusetts
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519:. The air station had a hangar and ramp for
372:One of three 19th-century ammunition bunkers
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42:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
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233:is a 17th-century historic fort site on
16:For the fort in Memphis, Tennessee, see
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434:and was occupied by the 2nd Division.
395:commanders of the fort (combined with
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553:Seacoast defense in the United States
452:built outside the stone fort and gun
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785:Higginson, Thomas Wentworth (1896).
598:National Register of Historic Places
532:National Register of Historic Places
383:second system of U.S. fortifications
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456:added for improved protection. The
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18:Fort Pickering (Memphis, Tennessee)
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418:(1858), and Camp Gardner (1860s).
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1950:American Revolutionary War forts
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666:"Massachusetts - Fort Pickering"
644:Finch, 1998: Salem Observer 1978
314:, who were earlier sent by King
265:fortification named for Colonel
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517:Coast Guard Air Station Salem
121:Show map of the United States
859:Fort Pickering Facebook page
273:of the Continental Army and
23:United States historic place
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1865:National Historic Landmarks
812:Roberts, Robert B. (1988).
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468:. The walls were part of a
321:Massachusetts General Court
302:, Fort William was renamed
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1960:American Civil War forts
1914:United States portal
831:Wade, Arthur P. (2011).
668:. American Forts Network
816:. New York: Macmillan.
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1945:Forts in Massachusetts
1411:Keeper of the Register
758:Manuel 2020, pp. 68–70
749:Manuel 2019, pp. 32–35
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185:2 acres (0.81 ha)
51:U.S. Historic district
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404:Massachusetts militia
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55:Contributing property
626:Roberts, pp. 407–408
239:Salem, Massachusetts
139:Salem, Massachusetts
1057:Standish (Plymouth)
487:, three 32-pounder
298:Circa 1702, during
171:42.52694; -70.86722
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985:Long Point Battery
767:Manuel 2019, p. 42
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1955:War of 1812 forts
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1103:Barneys Joy Point
1052:Standish (Boston)
844:978-0-9748167-2-2
605:. March 13, 2009.
470:bombproof shelter
335:hands during the
269:, born in Salem,
267:Timothy Pickering
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1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1320:South Hingham
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1310:Prospect Hill
1308:
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1298:
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1177:
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1153:Sagamore Hill
1151:
1149:
1148:Mishaum Point
1146:
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1136:
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1129:
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986:
983:
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978:
976:
973:
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968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
955:Eastern Point
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
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938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
907:
905:
901:
897:
896:Massachusetts
889:
884:
882:
877:
875:
870:
869:
866:
860:
857:
856:
846:
840:
836:
835:
829:
825:
823:0-02-926880-X
819:
815:
810:
806:
801:
797:
792:
788:
783:
782:
773:
764:
755:
746:
744:
736:
731:
724:
719:
710:
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683:
667:
661:
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641:
632:
623:
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584:
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571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
545:
539:
537:
536:Winter Island
533:
528:
526:
522:
518:
509:
500:
498:
494:
490:
486:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
462:curtain walls
459:
455:
451:
448:
444:
440:
435:
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429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
398:
394:
390:
388:
384:
370:
362:
358:
355:
353:
349:
345:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
323:provided 600
322:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
291:
289:
278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
235:Winter Island
232:
223:
221:Added to NRHP
219:
216:
213:
206:
203:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
175:
147:
143:
140:
136:
135:Winter Island
133:
129:
108:
83:
73:
69:
64:
60:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
31:
27:
19:
1833:southwestern
1828:northwestern
1589:Essex County
1133:Fourth Cliff
1113:Butler Point
1096:Reservations
1015:
970:Independence
833:
813:
804:
795:
786:
772:
763:
754:
735:Roberts 1988
730:
723:Roberts 1988
718:
713:Wade, p. 247
709:
704:Wade, p. 242
700:
691:
682:
670:. Retrieved
640:
635:Perley, 1924
631:
596:
587:
529:
525:World War II
514:
503:20th century
492:
436:
427:
424:Camp Edmunds
423:
419:
412:Camp Edmunds
402:
393:Regular Army
391:
380:
377:19th century
356:
341:
328:
303:
297:
294:18th century
288:Fort William
287:
284:
281:17th century
263:First System
251:World War II
243:Salem Harbor
230:
229:
1848:Other lists
1808:Southbridge
1688:Marlborough
1642:Springfield
1575:New Bedford
1138:Long Island
1118:Calf Island
439:War of 1812
420:Camp Sutton
408:Camp Sutton
397:Fort Sewall
387:block house
316:William III
255:Fort Miller
169: /
145:Coordinates
1929:Categories
1738:Winchester
1713:Somerville
1673:Framingham
1601:Gloucester
1570:Fall River
1549:Barnstable
1456:Barnstable
1235:Havedoneit
1123:East Point
1073:Washington
997:(Merrimac)
579:References
482:smoothbore
478:commissary
464:and a wet
454:embrasures
428:Camp Banks
416:Camp Banks
348:blockhouse
308:Queen Anne
306:(for then
259:Marblehead
154:42°31′37″N
1818:Worcester
1754:Brookline
1723:Wakefield
1678:Lexington
1663:Cambridge
1658:Arlington
1521:Worcester
1501:Nantucket
1496:Middlesex
1491:Hampshire
1461:Berkshire
1340:Wellfleet
1280:Massasoit
1219:Ellsworth
1016:Pickering
1001:Old Stone
521:seaplanes
474:loopholes
447:earthwork
443:Civil War
304:Fort Anne
157:70°52′2″W
1890:Category
1813:Uxbridge
1790:southern
1785:northern
1718:Stoneham
1708:Sherborn
1611:Lawrence
1525:northern
1511:Plymouth
1481:Franklin
1345:Wightman
1335:Washburn
1305:Prescott
1300:Plymouth
1078:Winthrop
1028:(Rodman)
945:Defiance
910:Acushnet
672:22 April
542:See also
458:magazine
450:parapets
414:(1856),
352:magazine
350:, and a
249:through
215:73000320
131:Location
1855:Bridges
1823:eastern
1728:Waltham
1703:Reading
1693:Medford
1668:Concord
1621:Methuen
1606:Ipswich
1596:Andover
1580:Taunton
1554:Harwich
1516:Suffolk
1506:Norfolk
1486:Hampden
1466:Bristol
1325:Stanton
1295:Perkins
1275:Lincoln
1265:Ipswich
1260:Houston
1245:Hingham
1214:Edmunds
1199:Candoit
1194:Cameron
1189:Brigham
1032:Ruckman
1011:Phoenix
995:Nichols
975:Juniper
930:Beverly
920:Andrews
333:Patriot
198:Part of
1870:Boston
1780:Boston
1764:Quincy
1759:Milton
1733:Weston
1698:Newton
1683:Lowell
1399:Topics
1330:Sutton
1270:Lander
1255:Hooker
1250:Hobson
1209:Dalton
1179:Andrew
1068:Warren
1062:Strong
1042:Sewall
1021:Revere
1006:Philip
990:Miller
960:Glover
950:Duvall
935:Dalton
915:Andrew
841:
820:
489:rifles
325:pounds
1626:Salem
1476:Essex
1471:Dukes
1315:Scott
1285:Meigs
1230:Guild
1204:Chase
1184:Banks
1174:Adams
1167:Camps
1047:Stage
1026:Taber
965:Heath
940:Dawes
925:Banks
903:Forts
472:with
190:Built
1616:Lynn
1350:Wool
1240:Hill
839:ISBN
818:ISBN
674:2016
485:guns
466:moat
193:1643
182:Area
980:Lee
339:.
331:in
237:in
210:No.
1931::
742:^
649:^
611:^
601:.
595:.
499:.
137:,
1527:)
1523:(
1384:e
1377:t
1370:v
887:e
880:t
873:v
847:.
826:.
676:.
20:.
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