119:
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the
Swedish governor, Printz, who arrived from Sweden the year after, (1642,) was to "act kindly and faithfully toward them; and as these English expected soon, by further arrivals, to increase their numbers to several hundreds, and seemed also willing to be subjects of the Swedish government, he was to receive them under allegiance, though not without endeavoring to effect their removal."
861:
vicinity of the fort. New Sweden was formally incorporated into New
Netherland although the Swedish and Finnish settlers were allowed local autonomy. They retained their own militia, religion, court, and lands. This lasted until the English conquest of New Netherland, launched on June 24, 1664. The Duke of York sold New Jersey to
1131:
The settlers came from all over the
Swedish realm. The percentage of Finns in New Sweden grew especially towards the end of the period of colonization. Finns composed 22 percent of the population during Swedish rule, and rose to about 50 percent after the colony came under Dutch rule. A contingent of
947:
ended the second period of Dutch control and required them to return all of New
Netherland to the English on June 29, including the three counties which they created. After taking stock, the English declared on November 11 that settlements on the west side of the Delaware River and Delaware Bay were
860:
In the summer of 1655, Stuyvesant sailed to
Delaware Bay with 7 ships and 317 soldiers and quickly retook Fort Casimir (Fort Trinity). Stuyvesant then proceeded to besiege Fort Christina which surrendered on September 15, 1655. During the siege, the Dutch plundered houses and killed livestock in the
2906:
In 1641, some
English families, (probably emigrants from New Haven, Conn.,) embracing about 60 persons, settled on Ferken's creek (now Salem.) About this period, the Swedes bought of the Indians the whole district from Cape May to Raccoon creek; and, in order to unite these English with the Swedes,
955:
The next step in the assimilation of New Sweden into New York was the extension of the Duke's laws into the region on
September 22, 1676. This was followed by the partition of some Upland Counties to conform to the borders of Pennsylvania and Delaware, with most of the Delaware portion going to New
1028:
has suggested that the greatest significance of New Sweden was the strong and lasting interest in
America that the colony generated in Sweden, although major Swedish immigration did not occur until the late 19th century. From 1870 to 1910, more than one million Swedes arrived in America, settling
964:
latitude. The eastern limit was the border with New Jersey at the
Delaware River, while the western limit was undefined. In June 1681, Upland ceased to exist as the result of the reorganization of the Colony of Pennsylvania, with the Upland government becoming the government of Chester County,
3085:
Travels into North
America: containing its natural history, and a circumstantial account of its plantations and agriculture in general, with the civil, ecclesiastical and commercial state of the country, the manners of the inhabitants, and several curious and important remarks on various
884:
In 1669, New Sweden was under British rule, but most of the population was still Swedish. A man named Marcus Jacobsson, posing as a member of the Königsmarck family, attempted to instigate a rebellion against the British to return New Sweden to Swedish rule. The rebellion, known as the
775:
down to Delaware Bay in what is now Pennsylvania, Delaware and Maryland. Lenape sachem Mattahoon later claimed that the purchase only included as much land as was contained within an area marked by "six trees", and the rest of the land occupied by the Swedes was stolen.
940:, and Upland County, which was later partitioned between New Castle County, Delaware, and the Colony of Pennsylvania. The three counties were created on September 12, 1673, the first two on the west shore of the Delaware River and the third on both sides of the river.
2594:: New York & Philadelphia, 1989, p. 18: "Lenapes... planted crops... in garden clearings hacked from the forest... Fallen trees and brush were gathered together or burned where they lay. Crops were then planted in the ash-enriched ground"
959:
On March 4, 1681, what had been the colony of New Sweden was formally partitioned into the colonies of Delaware and Pennsylvania. The border was established 12 miles north of New Castle, and the northern limit of Pennsylvania was set at
968:
On August 24, 1682, the Duke of York transferred the western Delaware River region to William Penn, including Delaware, thus transferring Deale County and St. Jones County from New York to Delaware. St. Jones County was renamed
2824:
787:
to bring a second group of settlers. He made a detour to the Caribbean to pick up a shipment of tobacco to sell in Europe in order to make the voyage profitable; however, he died on this voyage during a hurricane at
1136:
sailed to the colony in 1665, and 92 of the 106 passengers were listed as Finns. Memory of the early Finnish settlement lived on in place names near the Delaware River such as Finland (Marcus Hook), Torne, Lapland,
740:. Minuit served as the first governor of the colony of New Sweden. He had been the third Director of New Netherland, and he knew that the Dutch claimed the area surrounding the Delaware River and its bay. The
984:
visited the descendants of the early Swedish immigrants to New Sweden in the mid-18th century and documented their experiences with the Native American Indians who resided in those parts, in a book entitled
771:, and he persuaded the Lenape to sign deeds which he had prepared to resolve any issue with the Dutch. The Swedes claimed that the purchase included land on both sides of the South (Delaware) River from the
661:
and Newfoundland for the purposes of trade, particularly along the Delaware River. Its charter included Swedish, Dutch, and German stockholders. The directors of the company included Flemish/Dutch merchant
956:
Castle County on November 12, 1678. The remainder of Upland continued in place under the same name. On June 21, 1680, New Castle and Hoarkill Counties were partitioned to produce St. Jones County.
932:
resulted in the Dutch recapture of New Netherland in August 1673. They restored the status which predated the English capture, and codified it in the establishment of three counties:
3441:
2808:
4245:
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due to Jacobsson's height, failed. Jacobsson was sold into slavery in the Caribbean and the families that had supported him were fined for their participation in the revolt.
2969:
783:, objected to the Swedish presence, but Minuit ignored him since he knew that the Dutch were militarily weak at the moment. Minuit completed Fort Christina, then sailed for
1111:
Perhaps the greatest contribution of New Sweden to the development of the New World is the log house building technique. The colonists of New Sweden brought with them the
4235:
892:
New Sweden continued to exist unofficially, and some immigration and expansion continued. The first settlement at Wicaco began with a Swedish log blockhouse located on
2995:
438:
413:
399:
1049:
952:, including the three Counties. This declaration was followed by a declaration that renamed New Amstel as New Castle. The other counties retained their Dutch names.
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and other provinces in central Sweden during the late-16th to mid-17th century. Their relocation had started as part of an effort by Swedish King
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Some Account of William Usselinx and Peter Minuit: Two individuals who were instrumental in establishing the first permanent colony in Delaware
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862:
722:
39:
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118:
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819:, at Fort Nya Gothenborg, and the Swedish colony prospered for a time. New Sweden established a strong trading relationship with the
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on the west side of the Delaware River a few miles south of Fort Christina. In May 1654, soldiers from New Sweden led by Governor
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1938:
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in Swedish). In November 1654, the directors of the Dutch West India Company ordered the Director-General of New Netherland,
329:
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512:
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17:
1774:
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1972:
1824:
1613:
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1148:, people of Finnish descent who had been living in the forest areas of Central Sweden. The Forest Finns had moved from
1101:
897:
2501:
4305:
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4175:
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3172:
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2002:
1965:
The Island at the Center of the World: The Epic Story of Dutch Manhattan and the Forgotten Colony That Shaped America
2733:
2342:(Thomas Burgess. New York: Foreign-Born Americans Division, Episcopal Diocese of New York. National Council, 1929)
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2135:
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to expand agriculture to these uninhabited parts of the country. The Finns in Savonia traditionally farmed with a
1115:, which became such an icon of the American frontier that it is commonly thought of as an American structure. The
623:
4250:
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1097:
1081:
666:. The company sponsored 11 expeditions in 14 separate voyages to Delaware between 1638 and 1655; two were lost.
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2443:
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3702:
1243:
1212:
1149:
2686:
1077:
1002:
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657:(also known as the Company of New-Sweden) was founded in 1626 with a mandate to establish colonies between
2685:, Elizabeth D. Day, University Archives and Records Center. University of Pennsylvania, October 10, 2005)
4008:
2848:"Their houses are some Built of timber": The colonial timber frame houses of Fenwick's Colony, New Jersey
2315:
1654:
937:
631:
31:
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in late March 1638 and anchored on March 29 at a rocky point on the Minquas Kill that is known today as
4204:
3714:
3708:
3576:
3408:
3393:
2992:"The Kepharts: Cohawkin, Raccoon Creek, Narraticon all names left by Lenni-Lenape in Gloucester County"
2207:
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227:
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143:
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291:
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886:
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189:
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Mary Trotter Kion, "New Sweden: The First Colony in Delaware". July 23, 2006; accessed 2010.03.10.
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had reached its greatest territorial extent and was one of the great powers of Europe; it was the
3857:
3839:
1347:
1239:
1089:
974:
933:
744:, however, had withdrawn its settlers from the area in order to concentrate on the settlement on
1849:
The Contest for the Delaware Valley: Allegiance, Identity, and Empire in the Seventeenth Century
1570:
1283:), located at the end of Chestnut Street near Harmony & 2nd streets in New Castle, Delaware.
792:
in the Caribbean. The official duties of the governor of New Sweden were carried out by Captain
4167:
4070:
3684:
3509:
3398:
3388:
3037:. The Swedish American Tercentenary Association. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press
2022:: Swedish-Dutch Relations in the Delaware Valley". In Hoffecker, Carol E.; et al. (eds.).
1431:
1421:
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and ended with the capture of Fort Casimir in October. This took place at the beginning of the
836:
352:
279:
102:
4014:
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3403:
3301:
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1668:
1321:
1208:
1120:
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1072:, is one of the few settlements in the area retaining a Swedish name, and Upland survives as
1053:
970:
917:
654:
1747:
1370:, Druweeÿland, or Manaiping (1643; modern southwest Philadelphia, on Province Island on the
793:
267:
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3827:
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1201:
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949:
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678:
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2648:(Federal Writers' Project of WPA. Bayonne, New Jersey: Jersey Printing Company, Inc. 1938)
8:
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on the east side of the Delaware River as the only Dutch outpost on the Delaware River.
4183:
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1998:
1968:
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plantation and fur-trading colony to circumvent French, English and Dutch merchants.
615:
370:
196:
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1930:
3923:
3899:
3833:
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3625:
3519:
3030:
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2791:
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2605:
2108:"The Revolt of the Long Swede: Transatlantic Hopes and Fears on the Delaware, 1669"
1886:
1723:
1678:
1628:
1500:
1371:
1263:
1025:
929:
878:
870:
854:
772:
745:
681:, a Swedish admiral from Finland. Blommaert assisted the fitting-out and appointed
663:
468:
185:
167:
163:
84:
584:
The relative locations of New Netherland (in magenta) and New Sweden (in blue) in
580:
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718:
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171:
132:
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2037:
553:
4078:
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2796:. Vol. 2. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Dutch Colonial Society. p. 496.
1731:
1698:
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1189:
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686:
598:
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547:
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109:
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in Philadelphia in 1669. It was later used as a church until about 1700, when
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4002:
3754:
3735:
3253:
2123:
1638:
1558:
1235:
1221:
1034:
874:
846:
820:
816:
796:, until a new governor was selected and arrived from Sweden two years later.
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710:
701:
619:
585:
558:
500:
456:
315:
54:
41:
1820:
997:
841:
In 1651, the Dutch West India Company abandoned Fort Nassau and established
4026:
3881:
3875:
1693:
1663:
1486:
1276:
1271:
1257:
1145:
1108:
houses many exhibits, documents, and artifacts from the New Sweden colony.
893:
842:
780:
690:
682:
496:
255:
3203:
Narratives of Early Pennsylvania, West New Jersey, and Delaware, 1630–1707
2290:: Volume 119; Record of the Court at Upland, in Pennsylvania, 1676 to 1681
2258:: Volume 119; Record of the Court at Upland, in Pennsylvania, 1676 to 1681
3966:
3851:
3845:
3559:
Article also discusses colonization in Central and South America and Asia
2212:; Vol. 13, p. 136; Dobbs Ferry, New York, Oceana Publications, 1969–1981.
1673:
1548:
1253:
1249:
1161:
1138:
789:
508:
2621:
Narratives of Early Pennsylvania, West New Jersey and Delaware 1630–1707
2131:
2107:
4046:
3356:
2879:
1157:
921:
732:
In the following years, the area was settled by roughly 600 Swedes and
695:
674:
492:
3189:
Willem Usselinx: Founder of the Dutch and Swedish West India Companies
908:
869:
to become a proprietary colony, separate from the projected colony of
3954:
3541:
3079:
1112:
1040:
Traces of New Sweden persist in the lower Delaware valley, including
1030:
981:
737:
639:
3568:
3265:
350th Anniversary of the Landing of the Swedes and Finns in Delaware
1068:. All of those churches are commonly known as "Old Swedes' Church".
3790:
3248:
2272:
Documents Relative to the Colonial History of the State of New York
2240:
Documents Relative to the Colonial History of the State of New York
2226:
Documents Relative to the Colonial History of the State of New York
2193:
Documents Relative to the Colonial History of the State of New York
706:
602:("age of greatness" or "great power period"). Sweden then included
488:
484:
3227:
2706:, Henry Graham Ashmead. Philadelphia: L. H. Everts & Co. 1884
2610:. Vol. 1. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Dutch Colonial Society.
1891:. Vol. 2. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Dutch Colonial Society.
1123:, is one of the oldest surviving log houses in the United States.
1084:
Counties, Pennsylvania, although Swedesford has long since become
518:
Settlements were established on both sides of the Delaware River.
3243:
2026:. Newark, Delaware: University of Delaware Press. pp. 69–85.
1566:
1153:
756:
647:
3025:
A Folk Divided: Homeland Swedes and Swedish Americans, 1840–1940
2292:. Pennsylvania: Historical Society of Pennsylvania. p. 196.
2260:. Pennsylvania: Historical Society of Pennsylvania. p. 198.
736:, a number of Dutchmen, a few Germans, a Dane, and at least one
3937:
Non-British colonial entities in the contemporary United States
3329:
1809:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press.
1562:
1169:
760:
643:
593:
531:
418:
1180:
3089:. Translated by Johann Reinhold Forster. London: T. Lowndes.
2558:"Finland monument at Concord Avenue in Chester, Pennsylvania"
1915:
Thorne, Kathryn; Ford, Compiler; Long, John H., eds. (1993).
1013:
873:. The invasion began on August 29, 1664, with the capture of
755:
Minuit landed on the west bank of the river and met with the
733:
535:
799:
The colony expanded along the river under the leadership of
3299:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2157:
638:. Other European nations were establishing colonies in the
588:
with modern state boundaries and postal abbreviations shown
3449:
642:
and building successful trading empires at this time. The
2220:
2218:
2077:"Chronology of Colonial Swedes on the Delaware 1638–1713"
1775:
The Swedish fiscal-military state and its navy, 1521–1721
561:
translated into local Native American languages by Swede
538:, and a number of Dutch. New Sweden was conquered by the
2180:
669:
The first Swedish expedition to America sailed from the
2495:"Highlights of Research in Scandinavia on Forest Finns"
2421:. Richard Stokton College of New Jersey. Archived from
2363:"Museum Galleries | American Swedish Historical Museum"
2232:
705:; territory that was claimed by the Dutch. They passed
646:
sought to expand their influence by creating their own
3137:
A Man and his Ship, Peter Minuet and the Kalmar Nyckel
2215:
1017:
Old Swedes Church, built in the era of New Sweden, in
920:, built in 1638 in New Sweden, is the oldest house in
4246:
1655 disestablishments in the Swedish colonial empire
2444:
Oldest – Log House in North America – Superlatives on
689:) to lead the expedition. The expedition sailed into
3734:
Other British colonial entities in the contemporary
3249:
The New Sweden Centre – museum, tours and reenactors
1580:
1306:, Finlandia, or Chamassungh (1641 and 1643; modern
1168:method which was also used by the local indigenous
903:
849:
captured Fort Casimir and renamed it Fort Trinity (
4236:1638 establishments in the Swedish colonial empire
2793:The Swedish Settlements on the Delaware, 1638-1664
2607:The Swedish Settlements on the Delaware, 1638-1664
2344:http://anglicanhistory.org/lutherania/swedish_folk
2340:Project Canterbury. Swedish Folk within Our Church
2264:
2112:The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography
1888:The Swedish Settlements on the Delaware, 1638-1664
807:on the east bank of the Delaware near what is now
3139:. Wilmington, Delaware: Kalmar Nyckel Foundation
2851:. University of Michigan Ann Arbor. p. 182.
2785:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2296:
2288:Memoirs of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania
2256:Memoirs of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania
1279:(1654) – also known as Fort Trinity (in Swedish,
4217:
3212:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press
2769:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2751:
1845:
767:. They held a conclave in Minuit's cabin on the
3918:Colony of British Columbia and Vancouver Island
3115:. Wilmington, Delaware: Delaware Heritage Press
3014:
2943:Trinity Episcopal "Old Swedes" Church
2683:Kingsessing: Swedish Settlement to Urban Blight
2500:. American-Swedish Organization. Archived from
1803:The Dutch & Swedes on the Delaware, 1609–64
1362:Tinicum Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania
803:, governor from 1643 to 1653. They established
3167:. Wilmington, Delaware: Middle Atlantic Press
3153:. Wilmington, Delaware: Middle Atlantic Press
3075:. Philadelphia: International Printing Company
2923:. The Swedish Colonial Society. Archived from
1917:New York Atlas of Historical County Boundaries
1914:
4296:States and territories disestablished in 1655
3584:
3435:
3285:
2810:Land Title Origins: A Tale of Force and Fraud
2748:
2453:. Waymarking.com. Retrieved on July 23, 2013.
1220:(1643) – between present-day Salem Creek and
717:. They built a fort at the confluence of the
76:
2664:. Philadelphia: L. H. Everts & Co. 1884
3210:Dutch and Swedes on the Delaware, 1609–1664
2627:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1912)
2274:. Vol. 12. pp. 654, 664, 666–667.
1986:
1984:
1839:
1380:or Minqua's Island (1644; modern southwest
977:, and New Castle County retained its name.
4301:States and territories established in 1638
3591:
3577:
3442:
3428:
3292:
3278:
2878:
1821:"A Brief History of New Sweden in America"
1452:or Timber Island (1654; modern Wilmington)
992:
546:and incorporated into the Dutch colony of
117:
4261:Colonization history of the United States
3027:. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis
2284:
2252:
1958:
1956:
830:
3233:A Brief History of New Sweden in America
3047:
2844:
2806:
2704:History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania
2658:History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania
1990:
1981:
1287:
1179:
1012:
996:
907:
857:, to "drive" the Swedes from the river.
823:and supported them in their war against
677:in late 1637, organized and overseen by
579:
552:
526:, was the first settlement, named after
513:Swedish efforts to colonize the Americas
4241:1655 disestablishments in North America
2959:
2789:
2603:
2538:from the original on September 18, 2021
2105:
2017:
2011:
1941:from the original on September 24, 2015
1931:"Estonians in North America, 1627–1896"
1895:
1884:
1144:A portion of these Finns were known as
900:of Philadelphia was built on the site.
14:
4271:European colonization of North America
4218:
3451:European colonization of North America
3228:The American Swedish Historical Museum
3223:The Finns in American Colonial History
1962:
1953:
1908:
1878:
1827:from the original on February 27, 2023
1795:
1793:
1791:
27:Former Swedish colony in North America
4256:Colonial settlements in North America
4144:Discourse Concerning Western Planting
3598:
3572:
3423:
3273:
3198:. The Historical Society of Delaware.
3123:The Island at the Center of the World
2998:from the original on November 6, 2018
2972:from the original on November 6, 2018
2492:
2373:from the original on October 26, 2017
2199:
2138:from the original on October 13, 2022
2087:from the original on October 13, 2022
1754:from the original on January 15, 2020
1624:European colonization of the Americas
483:between 1638 and 1655 in present-day
4231:1638 establishments in North America
3973:Captaincy General of the Philippines
3260:Johnson's detailed map of New Sweden
3151:New Sweden on the Delaware 1638–1655
3078:
2918:
2395:, Weathervane Books, 1968. pp. 4–5.
1852:. Louisiana State University Press.
1799:
1472:
1132:140 Finns arrived in 1664. The ship
1126:
1076:. Swedesford Road is still found in
1005:stamp commemorating the founding of
3205:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons
2896:from the original on April 13, 2023
2827:from the original on April 13, 2023
2732:. State of Delaware. Archived from
2568:from the original on March 13, 2016
2525:
2419:Art and Archtitecture of New Jersey
2168:from the original on April 22, 1997
2044:from the original on April 23, 2003
1866:from the original on April 13, 2023
1788:
1684:Swedish emigration to North America
1141:, Mullica Hill, and Mullica River.
592:By the middle of the 17th century,
24:
3178:
3165:The Swedes and Dutch at New Castle
2646:The Swedes and Finns in New Jersey
2305:, 2nd series, Vol. 5: pp. 739–744.
1646:, Swedish American Lutheran pastor
1614:American Swedish Historical Museum
1262:Fort Nya Korsholm (1647) – on the
1204:, later renamed Fort Altena (1655)
1102:American Swedish Historical Museum
25:
4322:
4176:Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
3657:(1629–1641; 1679–1686; 1689–1776)
3256:at the FamilySearch Research Wiki
3216:
2962:"What's in a Name? Raccoon Creek"
2242:. Vol. 12. pp. 561–563.
2195:. Vol. 12. pp. 507–508.
2158:"Gloria Dei (Old Swedes') Church"
1919:. The Newbury Library. p. 5.
4281:Former colonies in North America
4200:
4199:
3979:Captaincy General of Puerto Rico
3328:
3201:Myers, Albert Cook, ed. (1912).
2415:"Nothnagle Log Cabin, Gibbstown"
1823:. The Swedish Colonial Society.
1597:
1583:
1230:Fort Nya Gothenborg (1643) – on
1119:on Swedesboro-Paulsboro Road in
1009:, once part of New Sweden (1938)
904:Hoarkill, New Amstel, and Upland
815:. Printz built his manor house,
779:The Director of New Netherland,
511:, New Sweden formed part of the
436:
411:
397:
101:
3191:. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons.
2984:
2960:Roncace, Kelly (May 14, 2012).
2953:
2931:
2912:
2872:
2838:
2800:
2718:
2697:
2676:
2651:
2639:
2614:
2597:
2580:
2550:
2519:
2486:
2456:
2437:
2407:
2398:
2385:
2355:
2333:
2320:
2308:
2278:
2246:
2150:
2099:
2069:
2056:
2040:. West Jersey History Project.
2030:
1923:
1446:(1654; modern Wilmington, Del.)
1440:(1654; modern Wilmington, Del.)
898:Gloria Dei (Old Swedes') Church
479:along the lower reaches of the
3054:. New York, New York: Norton.
3033:and Naboth Hedin, eds. (1938)
1997:. New York, New York: Norton.
1813:
1766:
1740:
1717:
1211:, near Finlandia or Upland in
980:Swedish explorer and botanist
13:
1:
3818:
3051:The Ambiguous Iroquois Empire
2919:Williams, Rev. Dr. Kim-Eric.
2807:Chandler, Alfred N. (2000) ,
2018:Gehring, Charles T. (1995). "
1994:The Ambiguous Iroquois Empire
1705:
1662:, first chief justice of the
1244:Delaware County, Pennsylvania
1213:Delaware County, Pennsylvania
1207:Fort Mecoponacka (1641) – in
945:Treaty of Westminster of 1674
811:, and Fort Nya Gothenborg on
610:, along with parts of modern
124:
3924:Province of British Columbia
3244:The Swedish Colonial Society
3035:Swedes in America, 1638–1938
3015:General and cited references
2813:, Beard Books, p. 242,
2493:Wedin, Maud (October 2012).
2228:. Vol. 12. p. 515.
1710:
7:
2939:"History: Early Settlement"
2845:Sheridan, Janet L. (2007).
1967:. New York, NY: Doubleday.
1655:New Sweden Farmstead Museum
1576:
1340:(1643; modern Chester, Pa.)
973:, Deale County was renamed
32:New Sweden (disambiguation)
10:
4327:
4266:Economic history of Sweden
4103:Brandenburger Saint Thomas
3912:Colony of British Columbia
3409:Swedish West India Company
3394:Swedish East India Company
3238:December 11, 2005, at the
3194:Mickley, Joseph J. (1881)
3073:The Swedes on the Delaware
3048:Jennings, Francis (1984).
2921:"Trinity Episcopal Church"
2285:Armstrong, Edward (1860).
2253:Armstrong, Edward (1860).
2208:Consolidated Treaty Series
1991:Jennings, Francis (1984).
1901:McCormick, p. 12; Munroe,
1800:Ward, Christopher (1930).
1392:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1382:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1248:Fort Nya Vasa (1646) – at
987:Travels into North America
834:
573:
569:
528:Christina, Queen of Sweden
29:
4195:
4139:
4130:
4073:, 1682–1763 and 1801–1803
3991:Captaincy General of Cuba
3944:
3933:
3815:New England Confederation
3744:
3730:
3644:
3606:
3555:
3457:
3381:
3365:
3337:
3326:
3312:
3208:Ward, Christopher (1930)
2790:Johnson, Amandus (1911).
2712:December 3, 2008, at the
2604:Johnson, Amandus (1911).
1885:Johnson, Amandus (1911).
1846:Mark L. Thompson (2013).
1619:C. A. Nothnagle Log House
1458:(1654; modern Wilmington)
1308:Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania
1252:, on the eastern-side of
1117:C. A. Nothnagle Log House
914:C. A. Nothnagle Log House
522:, located in what is now
503:. Established during the
452:
376:
366:
362:
349:
339:
335:
325:
321:
309:
297:
285:
273:
261:
249:
245:
237:
233:
221:
209:
205:
195:
181:
159:
149:
139:
116:
98:
93:
71:
4306:Swedish-American history
4276:Finnish-American history
3985:Santa Fe de Nuevo México
3797:Massachusetts Bay Colony
2730:Delaware Public Archives
2592:Chelsea House Publishers
2564:. ExplorePAhistory.com.
2393:The Brandywine Tradition
1963:Shorto, Russell (2004).
1527:) or "Christina Creek" (
1390:(1644; modern southwest
1332:Salem County, New Jersey
1184:A 1638 map of New Sweden
1175:
1066:Swedesburg, Pennsylvania
1058:Trinity Episcopal Church
1056:Church in Philadelphia,
1033:and other states of the
1019:Swedesburg, Pennsylvania
887:Revolt of the Long Swede
742:Dutch West India Company
685:(the former Governor of
190:Native American religion
4291:History of Philadelphia
4286:Former Swedish colonies
4115:Scottish Darien Company
4059:Hospitaller Saint Croix
3858:Dominion of New England
3840:North-Western Territory
3163:Weslager, C. A. (1987)
3149:Weslager, C. A. (1988)
3135:Weslager, C. A. (1990)
3111:Munroe, John A. (1977)
2892:, New York: S. Tuttle,
2534:. Library of Congress.
2449:March 28, 2019, at the
2367:www.americanswedish.org
2349:April 18, 2010, at the
1780:March 10, 2021, at the
1493:), "New Sweden River" (
1348:Eddystone, Pennsylvania
1320:(1641 and 1643; modern
1296:(1638 and 1641; modern
1090:Swedeland, Pennsylvania
1064:, and Christ Church in
993:Significance and legacy
948:to be dependent on the
4251:17th century in Sweden
4168:Of Plymouth Plantation
3890:(1779–1783; 1814–1815)
3799:(1629–1686; 1689–1691)
3775:(1620–1686; 1689–1691)
3687:(1664–1673; 1702–1776)
3399:Swedish Levant Company
3389:Swedish Africa Company
3125:. New York: Doubleday
2726:"Site of Fort Casimir"
2691:June 16, 2016, at the
2633:June 26, 2012, at the
2528:"The Finns in America"
2106:Haefeli, Evan (2006).
1735:
1727:
1507:) meaning hidden river
1432:Bridgeport, New Jersey
1422:Swedesboro, New Jersey
1226:Bridgeport, New Jersey
1185:
1152:in Eastern Finland to
1062:Swedesboro, New Jersey
1021:
1010:
925:
879:Second Anglo-Dutch War
837:Conquest of New Sweden
831:Conquest of New Sweden
801:Johan Björnsson Printz
589:
566:
475:) was a colony of the
472:
292:Johan Björnsson Printz
280:Peter Hollander Ridder
77:
3949:Columbian Viceroyalty
3404:Swedish South Company
2949:on September 5, 2008.
2532:European Reading Room
2303:Pennsylvania Archives
2162:National Park Service
2024:New Sweden in America
1669:Possessions of Sweden
1322:Chester, Pennsylvania
1288:Permanent settlements
1183:
1121:Gibbstown, New Jersey
1094:Upper Merion Township
1054:St. James Kingsessing
1016:
1000:
930:Third Anglo-Dutch War
918:Gibbstown, New Jersey
911:
655:Swedish South Company
583:
574:Further information:
556:
160:Common languages
55:39.73667°N 75.53861°W
4311:Wilmington, Delaware
4085:Dutch Virgin Islands
4033:Spanish West Florida
4027:Spanish East Florida
3906:Stickeen Territories
3611:New England Colonies
3515:Fridtjof Nansen Land
3185:Jameson, J. Franklin
2994:. November 7, 2010.
2927:on January 15, 2008.
2670:May 7, 2001, at the
2662:Henry Graham Ashmead
2020:Hodi Mihi, Cras Tibi
1634:Flag of Philadelphia
1571:Eric Pålsson Mullica
1489:), "Swedish River" (
1485:; as opposed to the
1402:Yeadon, Pennsylvania
1298:Wilmington, Delaware
1202:Wilmington, Delaware
1074:Upland, Pennsylvania
1070:Christiana, Delaware
1046:Wilmington, Delaware
1007:Wilmington, Delaware
950:Province of New York
679:Clas Larsson Fleming
557:Little Catechism of
530:. The settlers were
524:Wilmington, Delaware
30:For other uses, see
4021:Provincias Internas
3997:Spanish Saint Croix
3621:Chesapeake Colonies
3510:Erik the Red's Land
3382:Chartered companies
3320:Dominions of Sweden
2064:History of Delaware
1750:. World Statesmen.
1660:Olof Persson Stille
1650:Lower Swedish Cabin
1591:Philadelphia portal
1495:Nya Sweriges Rivier
1466:Darby, Pennsylvania
1042:Holy Trinity Church
729:after their Queen.
544:Second Northern War
542:in 1655 during the
341:• Established
123:Map of New Sweden,
60:39.73667; -75.53861
51: /
18:Fort Nya Gothenborg
4184:Quintipartite Deed
4097:Danish West Indies
4065:French Saint Croix
3373:Swedish Gold Coast
2966:South Jersey Times
2736:on August 21, 2010
2586:Robert S. Grumet,
2562:Historical Markers
2507:on August 10, 2014
2468:www.genealogia.org
2205:Parry, Clive, ed.
2081:colonialswedes.net
1689:Old Swedes' Church
1561:, named for early
1503:: "Schuyl Creek" (
1186:
1106:South Philadelphia
1022:
1011:
926:
794:Måns Nilsson Kling
590:
567:
563:Johannes Campanius
507:when Sweden was a
268:Måns Nilsson Kling
4213:
4212:
4188:
4180:
4172:
4164:
4156:
4152:Mayflower Compact
4148:
4133:Related Documents
4015:Spanish Louisiana
3894:Columbia District
3817:(1643–1654; 1675–
3703:Massachusetts Bay
3631:Southern Colonies
3600:Thirteen Colonies
3566:
3565:
3417:
3416:
3113:Colonial Delaware
3043:978-0-8383-0326-9
3031:Benson, Adolph B.
3021:Barton, H. Arnold
2625:Albert Cook Myers
1903:Colonial Delaware
1859:978-0-8071-5060-3
1644:Laurentius Carels
1523:: "Susquehanna" (
1481:: "South River" (
1473:Rivers and creeks
1430:(c. 1649; modern
1420:(c. 1649; modern
1412:West Philadelphia
1234:near the site of
1218:Fort Nya Elfsborg
1127:Finnish influence
1098:Montgomery County
1050:Gloria Dei Church
938:New Amstel County
928:The start of the
809:Salem, New Jersey
805:Fort Nya Elfsborg
725:which they named
632:Gustavus Adolphus
505:Thirty Years' War
462:
461:
448:
447:
444:
443:
424:
423:
371:Swedish riksdaler
311:• 1654–1655
299:• 1653–1654
287:• 1643–1653
275:• 1640–1643
263:• 1638–1640
223:• 1654–1660
211:• 1632–1654
197:Monarch of Sweden
16:(Redirected from
4318:
4203:
4202:
4186:
4178:
4170:
4162:
4160:Mourt's Relation
4154:
4146:
4071:French Louisiana
3900:Red River Colony
3823:
3820:
3767:Berkeley Hundred
3626:Tobacco Colonies
3593:
3586:
3579:
3570:
3569:
3520:Sverdrup Islands
3444:
3437:
3430:
3421:
3420:
3352:Saint Barthélemy
3332:
3294:
3287:
3280:
3271:
3270:
3108:
3069:Johnson, Amandus
3065:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3003:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2945:. Archived from
2935:
2929:
2928:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2903:
2901:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2787:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2722:
2716:
2701:
2695:
2680:
2674:
2655:
2649:
2643:
2637:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2601:
2595:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2506:
2499:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2474:on July 26, 2011
2470:. Archived from
2464:"genealogia.org"
2460:
2454:
2441:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2425:on July 19, 2011
2411:
2405:
2402:
2396:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2359:
2353:
2337:
2331:
2324:
2318:
2314:Kalm (1772), p.
2312:
2306:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2222:
2213:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2189:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2073:
2067:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2015:
2009:
2008:
1988:
1979:
1978:
1960:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1935:www.oocities.org
1927:
1921:
1920:
1912:
1906:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1797:
1786:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1744:
1738:
1721:
1679:Swedish American
1629:Finnish American
1607:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1593:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1551:: Varkens Kill (
1513:: "Fish Creek" (
1511:Brandywine Creek
1501:Schuylkill River
1372:Schuylkill River
1264:Schuylkill River
1194:Brandywine Creek
1192:(1638) – at the
1029:particularly in
1026:H. Arnold Barton
962:42 degrees north
855:Peter Stuyvesant
773:Schuylkill River
746:Manhattan Island
723:Brandywine Creek
664:Samuel Blommaert
440:
439:
428:
427:
415:
414:
401:
400:
394:
393:
378:
377:
228:Charles X Gustav
186:Church of Sweden
129:
126:
121:
105:
88:
80:
69:
68:
66:
65:
63:
62:
61:
56:
52:
49:
48:
47:
44:
21:
4326:
4325:
4321:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4316:
4315:
4216:
4215:
4214:
4209:
4191:
4135:
4126:
4121:Russian America
4039:Alta California
4009:Las Californias
3961:Spanish Florida
3940:
3929:
3821:
3740:
3726:
3640:
3636:United Colonies
3616:Middle Colonies
3602:
3597:
3567:
3562:
3551:
3453:
3448:
3418:
3413:
3377:
3361:
3333:
3324:
3308:
3300:Former Swedish
3298:
3240:Wayback Machine
3219:
3181:
3179:Further reading
3119:Shorto, Russell
3097:
3062:
3017:
3012:
3011:
3001:
2999:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2975:
2973:
2958:
2954:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2917:
2913:
2899:
2897:
2884:Barber, John W.
2877:
2873:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2843:
2839:
2830:
2828:
2821:
2805:
2801:
2788:
2749:
2739:
2737:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2714:Wayback Machine
2702:
2698:
2693:Wayback Machine
2681:
2677:
2672:Wayback Machine
2656:
2652:
2644:
2640:
2635:Wayback Machine
2619:
2615:
2602:
2598:
2585:
2581:
2571:
2569:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2541:
2539:
2526:Spiegel, Taru.
2524:
2520:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2497:
2491:
2487:
2477:
2475:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2451:Wayback Machine
2442:
2438:
2428:
2426:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2403:
2399:
2391:Henry C. Pitz,
2390:
2386:
2376:
2374:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2351:Wayback Machine
2338:
2334:
2325:
2321:
2313:
2309:
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2233:
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2204:
2200:
2191:
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2171:
2169:
2156:
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2139:
2104:
2100:
2090:
2088:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2061:
2057:
2047:
2045:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2016:
2012:
2005:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1961:
1954:
1944:
1942:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1913:
1909:
1900:
1896:
1883:
1879:
1869:
1867:
1860:
1844:
1840:
1830:
1828:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1806:
1798:
1789:
1782:Wayback Machine
1771:
1767:
1757:
1755:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1605:Delaware portal
1603:
1598:
1596:
1589:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1545:meaning Raccoon
1537:: "Narraticon"
1521:Christina River
1491:Swenskes Rivier
1475:
1290:
1198:Christina River
1178:
1129:
995:
934:Hoarkill County
906:
867:George Carteret
839:
833:
790:St. Christopher
719:Christina River
715:Swedes' Landing
636:Queen Christina
578:
572:
437:
412:
398:
355:
342:
330:Colonial period
312:
300:
288:
276:
264:
252:
224:
212:
188:
135:
133:Amandus Johnson
130:
127:
112:
107:
106:
89:
82:
74:
59:
57:
53:
50:
45:
42:
40:
38:
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35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4324:
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4128:
4127:
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4124:
4118:
4112:
4106:
4100:
4094:
4088:
4082:
4079:New Netherland
4076:
4075:
4074:
4068:
4062:
4056:
4053:French Florida
4044:
4043:
4042:
4036:
4030:
4024:
4018:
4012:
4006:
4000:
3994:
3988:
3982:
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3934:
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3930:
3928:
3927:
3921:
3915:
3909:
3903:
3897:
3891:
3885:
3879:
3873:
3867:
3864:Indian Reserve
3861:
3855:
3849:
3843:
3837:
3831:
3825:
3812:
3806:
3800:
3794:
3788:
3782:
3776:
3770:
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3752:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3724:
3718:
3715:South Carolina
3712:
3709:North Carolina
3706:
3700:
3694:
3688:
3682:
3676:
3670:
3664:
3658:
3652:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3596:
3595:
3588:
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813:Tinicum Island
727:Fort Christina
687:New Netherland
599:stormaktstiden
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481:Delaware River
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875:New Amsterdam
872:
868:
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863:John Berkeley
858:
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852:
848:
847:Johan Risingh
844:
838:
828:
826:
822:
821:Susquehannock
818:
817:The Printzhof
814:
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769:Kalmar Nyckel
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708:
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702:Kalmar Nyckel
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586:North America
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559:Martin Luther
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501:United States
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455:
453:Today part of
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4090:
3882:West Florida
3876:East Florida
3697:Pennsylvania
3673:Rhode Island
3546:
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3195:
3188:
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3150:
3136:
3122:
3112:
3084:
3072:
3050:
3034:
3024:
3000:. Retrieved
2986:
2974:. Retrieved
2965:
2955:
2947:the original
2942:
2933:
2925:the original
2914:
2905:
2900:November 12,
2898:, retrieved
2888:
2874:
2862:. Retrieved
2847:
2840:
2829:, retrieved
2809:
2802:
2792:
2738:. Retrieved
2734:the original
2729:
2720:
2703:
2699:
2682:
2678:
2657:
2653:
2645:
2641:
2620:
2616:
2606:
2599:
2587:
2582:
2570:. Retrieved
2561:
2552:
2540:. Retrieved
2531:
2521:
2509:. Retrieved
2502:the original
2488:
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2472:the original
2467:
2458:
2439:
2427:. Retrieved
2423:the original
2418:
2409:
2400:
2392:
2387:
2375:. Retrieved
2366:
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2335:
2327:
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2271:
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2201:
2192:
2170:. Retrieved
2152:
2140:. Retrieved
2115:
2111:
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2089:. Retrieved
2080:
2071:
2063:
2058:
2046:. Retrieved
2032:
2023:
2019:
2013:
1993:
1964:
1943:. Retrieved
1934:
1925:
1916:
1910:
1902:
1897:
1887:
1880:
1868:. Retrieved
1848:
1841:
1831:February 27,
1829:. Retrieved
1815:
1802:
1773:
1768:
1756:. Retrieved
1742:
1719:
1694:Upland Court
1664:Upland Court
1552:
1538:
1528:
1524:
1514:
1505:Schuylen Kÿl
1504:
1494:
1490:
1483:Södre Rivier
1482:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1427:
1417:
1407:
1397:
1387:
1377:
1367:
1357:
1353:
1343:
1337:
1328:Varkens Kill
1327:
1317:
1313:
1303:
1293:
1280:
1277:Fort Casimir
1272:Philadelphia
1258:Philadelphia
1146:Forest Finns
1143:
1133:
1130:
1110:
1039:
1023:
986:
979:
967:
958:
954:
942:
927:
894:Society Hill
891:
883:
859:
850:
843:Fort Casimir
840:
798:
781:Willem Kieft
778:
768:
754:
731:
700:
694:
691:Delaware Bay
683:Peter Minuit
668:
652:
597:
591:
565:(from 1696).
517:
497:Pennsylvania
464:
463:
387:Succeeded by
386:
381:
256:Peter Minuit
251:• 1638
36:
4171:(1630–1651)
4123:(1799–1867)
4111:(1689–1693)
4105:(1685–1754)
4099:(1672–1917)
4093:(1638–1655)
4087:(1625–1672)
4081:(1614–1667)
4067:, 1665–1733
4061:, 1651–1665
4055:, 1562–1565
4051:1534–1763;
4041:, 1804–1821
4035:, 1783–1821
4029:, 1783–1821
4023:, 1776–1821
4017:, 1769–1801
4011:, 1767–1804
4005:, 1690–1821
3999:, 1650–1651
3993:, 1607–1801
3987:, 1598–1821
3981:, 1580–1898
3975:, 1565–1898
3969:, 1565–1821
3967:New Navarre
3963:, 1565–1763
3959:1521–1821;
3951:(1492–1535)
3926:(1871–1903)
3920:(1866–1871)
3914:(1863–1866)
3908:(1862–1863)
3902:(1811–1818)
3896:(1810–1846)
3888:New Ireland
3884:(1763–1783)
3878:(1763–1783)
3872:(1763–1783)
3866:(1763–1783)
3860:(1686–1689)
3854:(1674–1702)
3852:West Jersey
3848:(1674–1702)
3846:East Jersey
3842:(1670–1870)
3836:(1670–1811)
3830:(1663–1712)
3822: 1680
3811:(1638–1664)
3805:(1635–1644)
3793:(1629–1663)
3787:(1625–1650)
3785:Saint Croix
3781:(1622–1658)
3763:(1607–1699)
3757:(1607–1608)
3751:(1585–1590)
3723:(1732–1776)
3717:(1712–1776)
3711:(1712–1776)
3705:(1691–1776)
3699:(1681–1776)
3693:(1664–1776)
3681:(1664–1776)
3675:(1636–1776)
3669:(1636–1776)
3667:Connecticut
3663:(1632–1776)
3651:(1607–1776)
3497:Hospitaller
3302:possessions
2880:Howe, Henry
2831:October 19,
2588:The Lenapes
2511:November 7,
2377:February 7,
2142:October 13,
2091:October 13,
2066:, pp. 30–31
1870:October 31,
1772:Jan Glete,
1758:January 18,
1736:Nova Svecia
1728:Uusi Ruotsi
1674:Rambo apple
1569:ancestry),
1549:Salem River
1456:Strandviken
1388:Kingsessing
1268:South River
1254:Cobbs Creek
1250:Kingsessing
1162:Gustav Vasa
1139:Finns Point
1003:U.S. Postal
971:Kent County
827:colonists.
750:Fort Nassau
693:aboard the
630:under King
509:great power
473:Nya Sverige
382:Preceded by
128: 1650
78:Nya Sverige
58: /
4226:New Sweden
4220:Categories
4091:New Sweden
4047:New France
3685:New Jersey
3527:Portuguese
3506:Norwegian
3357:Guadeloupe
3347:New Sweden
3254:New Sweden
3105:1083889360
3080:Kalm, Pehr
2572:August 26,
2542:August 26,
1748:"Delaware"
1706:References
1553:Hogg Creek
1462:Ammansland
1344:Tequirassy
1338:Printztorp
1158:Bergslagen
1086:Norristown
1082:Montgomery
1024:Historian
922:New Jersey
748:, leaving
696:Fogel Grip
675:Gothenburg
634:and later
493:New Jersey
465:New Sweden
73:New Sweden
46:75°32′19″W
43:39°44′12″N
3955:New Spain
3809:New Haven
3761:Jamestown
2889:Salem, NJ
2124:0031-4587
1711:Citations
1515:Fiske Kÿl
1294:Christina
1266:near the
1240:Essington
1172:Indians.
1134:Mercurius
1113:log cabin
1031:Minnesota
982:Pehr Kalm
785:Stockholm
640:New World
216:Christina
182:Religion
94:1638–1655
4205:Category
3828:Carolina
3803:Saybrook
3791:Carolana
3773:Plymouth
3691:New York
3679:Delaware
3661:Maryland
3649:Virginia
3537:Scottish
3472:Curonian
3339:Americas
3306:colonies
3236:Archived
3086:subjects
3082:(1772).
3023:(1994).
3002:July 23,
2996:Archived
2976:July 22,
2970:Archived
2894:archived
2886:(1844),
2864:July 24,
2825:archived
2710:Archived
2689:Archived
2668:Archived
2631:Archived
2566:Archived
2536:Archived
2447:Archived
2371:Archived
2347:Archived
2326:Barton,
2166:Archived
2136:Archived
2132:20093851
2085:Archived
2062:Munroe,
2042:Archived
1939:Archived
1905:, p. 16.
1864:Archived
1825:Archived
1778:Archived
1752:Archived
1577:See also
1450:Timmerön
1438:Sidoland
1418:Sveaborg
1354:Tenakonk
871:New York
825:Maryland
738:Estonian
707:Cape May
489:Maryland
485:Delaware
367:Currency
238:Governor
3749:Roanoke
3721:Georgia
3547:Swedish
3542:Spanish
3532:Russian
3467:Belgian
3462:British
3187:(1887)
3121:(2004)
3071:(1927)
2429:May 24,
1724:Finnish
1567:Finnish
1563:Swedish
1525:Minquas
1398:Mölndal
1378:Minquas
1368:Provins
1358:Tinicum
1318:Uppland
1304:Finland
1209:Chester
1154:Dalarna
1150:Savonia
1078:Chester
759:of the
757:sachems
659:Florida
648:tobacco
620:Germany
608:Estonia
604:Finland
570:History
499:in the
469:Swedish
351:•
168:Finnish
164:Swedish
150:Capital
85:Swedish
4187:(1676)
4179:(1638)
4163:(1622)
4155:(1620)
4147:(1584)
4117:(1698)
3870:Quebec
3769:(1619)
3755:Popham
3492:French
3482:German
3477:Danish
3366:Africa
3313:Europe
3171:
3157:
3143:
3129:
3103:
3093:
3058:
3041:
2855:
2817:
2330:, 5–7.
2130:
2122:
2001:
1971:
1856:
1541:Lenape
1487:Hudson
1314:Upland
1170:Lenape
1100:. The
761:Lenape
644:Swedes
628:Latvia
624:Norway
616:Poland
612:Russia
594:Sweden
532:Swedes
495:, and
419:Lenape
241:
201:
172:Munsee
140:Status
81:
3779:Maine
3502:Norse
3487:Dutch
3242:, at
2660:, by
2623:(ed.
2505:(PDF)
2498:(PDF)
2128:JSTOR
1807:(PDF)
1732:Latin
1408:Torne
1224:near
1176:Forts
734:Finns
536:Finns
176:Unami
3304:and
3169:ISBN
3155:ISBN
3141:ISBN
3127:ISBN
3101:OCLC
3091:ISBN
3056:ISBN
3039:ISBN
3004:2013
2978:2013
2902:2015
2866:2013
2853:ISBN
2833:2020
2815:ISBN
2742:2010
2574:2010
2544:2010
2513:2012
2480:2010
2431:2011
2379:2018
2174:2010
2144:2022
2120:ISSN
2093:2022
2050:2010
1999:ISBN
1969:ISBN
1947:2016
1872:2016
1854:ISBN
1833:2023
1760:2015
1196:and
1080:and
1052:and
943:The
912:The
865:and
763:and
721:and
709:and
699:and
671:port
653:The
626:and
606:and
358:1655
345:1638
2316:345
2116:130
1356:or
1316:or
1270:in
1256:in
1238:in
1200:in
1104:in
1096:in
1060:in
1044:in
916:in
673:of
131:by
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2882:;
2823:,
2750:^
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2590:,
2560:.
2530:.
2466:.
2417:.
2369:.
2365:.
2217:^
2182:^
2164:.
2160:.
2134:.
2126:.
2114:.
2110:.
2083:.
2079:.
1983:^
1955:^
1937:.
1933:.
1862:.
1790:^
1734::
1730:;
1726::
1242:,
1156:,
1088:.
1048:,
1037:.
1001:A
989:.
936:,
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622:,
618:,
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550:.
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