61:
212:
486:
380:
193:
501:
45:
395:
625:
held from professional footballers -active (during their career) and recently retired (post-career, aged more than 45 years)- in 70 countries between 2007 and 2013, elaborated on data from the World
Footballers' Union (FIFPro), recorded 214 deaths of which 25% was caused by accidents, 11% by suicides
267:
In association football, there are four traditional types of specialties (positions): goalkeepers (goalies), defenders (full-backs), midfielders (half-backs), and forwards (attackers). Special purpose positions include such performers as sweepers, stoppers, second forwards (under-attackers), wingers,
150:
Footballers generally begin as amateurs and the best players progress to become professional players. Normally they start at a youth team (any local team) and from there, based on skill and talent, scouts offer contracts. Once signed, some learn to play better football and a few advance to the senior
612:
In 2015, a systematic review of a sample of fifty-four peer-reviewed publications and three articles on elite athletes’ mortality and longevity, resulted in major longevity outcomes for the elite athletes (baseball, football, soccer, basketball, and cycling) "compared to age and sex-matched controls
448:
where NFL athletes lived less long than they would otherwise have, despite their longer than average life expectancy. A 2009 review of the evidence in the
American Journal of Medicine concluded the existing evidence "did not suggest an increased mortality" but does "suggest increased cardiovascular
460:
Football players participating in international matches for
Germany have reduced longevity compared to the general population. This disadvantage was the larger, the earlier the international football player started his international career. This finding is in line with the current knowledge of life
239:
A minority of retired footballers continue working full-time in football, for instance as football managers. A 1979 study reported that former first-team ballplayers were over-represented as top-ranking executives in their companies and had greater income mobility than second-teamers and reserves.
691:
In 2013, a study on 3,439 retired athletes of the
National Football Leagues with at least five credited playing seasons between 1959 and 1988 did not show a statistical correlation between suicide mortality and professional activity, particularly football-related compared with the general control
704:
Until the 2000s a very limited number of formal studies has been published on mortality from all causes in soccer players, despite the high interest of the public to the matter. An extended study held in Italy between 1975 and 2003 on a total of 5.389 players, aged 14–35 years, highlighted that,
418:
Trauma was the cause of 81.5% of the injuries, and overuse was the cause of 18.5%. Joint sprains predominated (30%), followed by fractures (16%), muscle strains (15%), ligament ruptures (12%), meniscal tears and contusions (8%), and other injuries. Injuries to the knee were most prevalent (29%),
410:
An Irish 2002 study of association and Gaelic football players characterized players as "lean and muscular with a reasonably high level of capacity in all areas of physical performance". The opposite is the case for
American football, where obesity could be the cause of grave health problems.
423:
Patellar tendinitis (knee pain) is considered an injury that comes from overexertion, which also happens to other athletes of virtually every sport. It is a common problem that football players develop and can usually be treated by a quadriceps strengthening program. Jumping activities place
2069:
Brand, Serge; Beck, Johannes; Gerber, Markus; Hatzinger, Martin; Holsboer-Trachsler, Edith (November 2009). "'Football is good for your sleep': favorable sleep patterns and psychological functioning of adolescent male intense football players compared to controls".
179:(NWSL), which started in 2012, earn an average of $ 54,000 per year as of May 2022. For the first time in 2022, the NWSL guaranteed players a living wage. The minimum salary in 2023 is $ 36,400 to ensure players do not need second or third jobs to survive.
540:
articipation in amateur association football in general and concussion specifically is associated with impaired performance in memory and planning functions. Due to the worldwide popularity of soccer, these observations may have important public health
1775:
Kerr, Zachary Y.; Marshall, Stephen W.; Harding, Herndon P. Jr.; Guskiewicz, Kevin M. (October 2012). "Nine-year risk of depression diagnosis increases with increasing self-reported concussions in retired professional football players".
365:
Research shows that association football players who take less than 200 milliseconds after the referee blows their whistle to make a penalty kick are significantly less likely to score than those who take over a second.
167:
However, only a fraction of men's professional football players are paid at this level. Wages may be somewhat more moderate in other divisions and leagues. For example, the average annual salary for footballers in
163:
earn an average of $ 3 million per year. In the wealthiest clubs in
European football leagues, men earn an average $ 7.19 million per year. The best players of those clubs can earn up to $ 260 million per year.
427:
Although levels of depression and pain in retired football players are on par with the societal average, some players suffer from post-retirement chronic injuries. Head injuries are a particular concern.
521:. Professional American football players self-reporting concussions are at greater risk for having depressive episodes later in life compared with those retired players self-reporting no concussions.
2447:
424:
particularly high strains on the tendon and with repetitive jumping, tearing and injury of the tendon can occur. The chronic injury and healing response results in inflammation and localized pain.
440:
players have a longer life expectancy than the general public or males with a similar age and race distribution, but a higher rate of cardiovascular issues. A study comparing the deaths of former
668:
In 2015, 205 deaths among North
American professional athletes who were registered as active at the time of their decease were analysed. Data were collected for the four major sports:
60:
1749:
1598:
1611:
613:
from the general population and other athletes." The span longevities were influenced by factors like the type of sport, the playing position, the race, and the energy system.
346:
The
American football teams' positions are categorized by a form of play where each of them has its spectrum of positions. Those are offensive, defensive, and special teams.
1380:
1703:
Guskiewicz, Kevin M.; et al. (October 2005). "Association between recurrent concussion and late-life cognitive impairment in retired professional football players".
796:
1929:
Matser, Erik J.T.; Kessels, Alphons G.; Lezak, Muriel D.; Jordan, Barry D.; Troost, Jaap (September 1999). "Neuropsychological impairment in amateur soccer players".
1564:
Kuss, Oliver; Kluttig, Alexander; Greiser, Karin H. (December 2011). "Longevity of soccer players: an investigation of all German internationals from 1908 to 2006".
589:
In a 2009 study, association football was found to be associated with favourable sleep patterns and psychological functioning in adolescent male football players.
845:
1496:
1821:
524:
Probably due to the repeated trauma associated with heading balls, professional association football has been suggested to increase the incidence of
922:
653:
936:
528:. In a 1987 study of former Norwegian association football national team players, one third of the players were found to have central cerebral
2617:
225:
581:
A 2012 study of association football injuries found that 19% of all injuries were muscle injuries, of which 54% affected the thigh muscles.
44:
2592:
1299:
1327:
Chomiak, Jiri; Junge, Astrid; Peterson, Lars; Dvorak, Jiri (September 2000). "Severe injuries in football players: influencing factors".
2262:
1753:
747:
2318:
Sophie I. Mavrogeni; Konstantinos
Tsarouhas; Demetrios A. Spandidos; Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein; Flora Bacopoulou (1 February 2019).
871:
2622:
987:
Sack, Allen L.; Thiel, Robert (January 1979). "College football and social mobility: a case study of Notre Dame football players".
806:
229:
128:
It has been estimated that there are 250 million association football players in the world, and many play other forms of football.
1372:
2016:
Ekstrand, Jan (2012). "Thigh Muscle
Injuries in Professional Football Players: A Seven Year Follow-Up of the UEFA Injury Study".
262:
1271:
Strudwick, A.; Reilly, T.; Doran, D. (June 2002). "Anthropometric and fitness profiles of elite players in two football codes".
1257:
688:" and a significantly higher likelihood of dying from a cardiac-related illness compared to the NHL and MLB active populations.
1185:
1153:
355:
2033:
742:
730:
466:
139:
has described football as a "universal language". Footballers across the world and at almost any level may regularly attract
293:
2317:
962:
1778:
1329:
820:
713:
among the football players cohort was significantly lower than the general Italian population, the "mortality rates for
2145:
2607:
735:
456:, a 2011 German study found that German national team players lived 1.9 years less than the general male population.
277:: good reflexes, communication with defence, one-on-one ability, command of the penalty area and aerial intelligence.
273:
176:
140:
1057:
989:
693:
645:
419:
followed by injuries to the ankle (19%) and spine (9%). More injuries occurred during games (59%) than in practice.
17:
1089:
669:
258:
67:
1121:
327:
254:
221:
202:
714:
525:
2072:
1300:"Sports: A huge problem: Strength isn't enough: NFL linemen have to be so big, their health may be at risk"
144:
1220:(November 2009). "Temporal links to performing under pressure in international soccer penalty shootouts".
937:"How much players make on USWNT: Salaries for top NWSL players with World Cup prize money | Sporting News"
2612:
2530:
897:
341:
211:
550:
1841:"Severely increased risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis among Italian professional football players"
1839:
Chiò, Adriano; Benzi, Gianmartino; Dossena, Maurizia; Mutani, Roberto; Mora, Gabriele (January 2005).
1658:"Reduced death rates of elite Australian rules footballers compared to age-matched general population"
110:
2572:
2055:
1884:"Brain damage in former association football players: an evaluation by cerebral computed tomography"
331:: finishing ability, composure, technical ability, heading ability, pace, off-the-ball intelligence.
2597:
1309:
1025:
673:
553:
are particularly vulnerable in most types of football due to injuries that can be sustained during
485:
592:
The rate of suicide among NFL vets has been found to be 59% lower than in the general population.
321:: pace, technical ability like dribbling and close control, off-the-ball intelligence, creativity.
2536:
2192:"Do Elite Athletes Live Longer? A Systematic Review of Mortality and Longevity in Elite Athletes"
1203:
1171:
287:: good heading and tackling ability, height, bravery in attempting challenges, and concentration.
1519:
1471:"Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-88-085, National Football League players mortality study"
1313:
2463:"Suicide Mortality Among Retired National Football League Players Who Played 5 or More Seasons"
2331:
2117:"Dead wrong: two studies refute reports in the media about former NFL players' life expectancy"
1705:
1657:
710:
677:
554:
1653:
1402:
1107:
780:
681:
441:
2462:
2403:
2116:
453:
98:
721:
were significantly higher than expected, and for ALS the risk is 18 times than expected."
506:
Heading of the ball in association football can increase the risk of chronic brain damage.
8:
1139:
1075:
649:
622:
604:
released a paper intended to identify key risk factors for association football players.
169:
159:
Pay in some top men's leagues is significantly higher than in other jobs. Players in the
2560:
2506:
2439:
2364:
2319:
2238:
2191:
2167:
2140:
2121:
2097:
2043:
1956:
1911:
1883:
1803:
1730:
1718:
1685:
1589:
1354:
1006:
307:
51:
31:
2602:
2548:
2511:
2493:
2485:
2431:
2423:
2415:
2369:
2351:
2343:
2320:"Sudden cardiac death in football players: Towards a new pre-participation algorithm"
2293:
2285:
2277:
2243:
2225:
2217:
2172:
2089:
2029:
1998:
1948:
1903:
1864:
1795:
1722:
1689:
1677:
1623:
1581:
1577:
1539:
1470:
1451:
1346:
1280:
1258:"Football players who rush penalty kicks are less likely to score, 10 September 2009"
1233:
1217:
916:
536:
brain damage. A 1999 study connected soccer to chronic traumatic head injury (CTHI):
445:
414:
A 2000 study documented injuries sustained by Czech football players at all levels:
385:
136:
106:
102:
2443:
2101:
1960:
1915:
1807:
1593:
1358:
379:
71:
2540:
2501:
2477:
2407:
2359:
2335:
2233:
2207:
2162:
2154:
2081:
2021:
1988:
1940:
1895:
1854:
1787:
1734:
1714:
1669:
1573:
1531:
1520:"Early Cardiovascular Mortality in Professional Football Players: Fact or Fiction?"
1441:
1338:
1237:
1229:
998:
641:
2025:
198:
2460:
2158:
1845:
1535:
1446:
1304:
1043:
627:
472:
Australian rules footballers have lower death rates than the general population.
114:
2263:"Mortality in international professional football (soccer): a descriptive study"
2141:"Risk management: FIFA's approach for protecting the health of football players"
1673:
1518:
Selden, Michael A.; Helzberg, John H.; Waeckerle, Joseph F. (1 September 2009).
311:: stamina, passing ability, team responsibility, positioning, marking abilities.
1931:
566:
518:
175:
Average salaries in women's leagues are far lower. For example, players in the
160:
2497:
2427:
2355:
2289:
2229:
2212:
1993:
1976:
317:
2586:
2489:
2481:
2419:
2347:
2281:
2221:
2203:
2085:
1791:
1429:
759:
684:(MLB). The NFL and NBA active players had "a higher likelihood of dying in a
644:
are required for the athletes as pre-participation tools in order to prevent
2544:
2388:
1944:
1342:
2552:
2515:
2435:
2373:
2297:
2247:
2176:
2093:
1952:
1868:
1859:
1840:
1799:
1726:
1681:
1585:
1543:
1455:
1350:
1284:
718:
685:
491:
217:
118:
90:
2339:
2002:
1907:
1627:
801:
143:, and players are the focal points of widespread social phenomena such as
1822:"Dynasty to death: CBC's Fifth Estate examines head injuries in football"
963:"How Much Do NWSL Players Really Make? An In-Depth Look At NWSL Salaries"
403:, an example of a "lean and muscular" women's association football player
400:
283:
122:
2461:
Everett J. Lehman; Misty J. Hein; Christine M. Gersic (1 October 2016).
1242:
444:
players found baseball players lived longer still, perhaps suggesting a
1899:
1010:
657:
514:
388:, an example of a "lean and muscular" men's association football player
2411:
1977:"Osteoarthritis of the hip and knee joint in retired football players"
821:"Premier League Salary - How Much Do Premier League Footballers Make?"
2260:
2126:
630:
570:
461:
expectancy in major athletes, especially those from other team sports
394:
298:
192:
1428:
Schwenk, T.L.; Gorenflo, D.W.; Dopp, R.R.; Hipple, E. (April 2007).
1002:
220:
is a retired football player who post-retirement has worked as the
94:
30:"Footballer" redirects here. For the painting by Sidney Nolan, see
1750:"Research: Football players may be more vulnerable to Alzheimer's"
1631:
1497:"Former football pros die at a faster rate than baseball veterans"
529:
500:
201:
is a retired football player who post-retirement has worked as a
2389:"Early death in active professional athletes: Trends and causes"
1975:
Klünder, Kurt B.; Ruda, Bjarne; Hansen, Jørgen (December 1980).
1652:
465:
A 1983 study of rugby players found that the life expectancy of
2261:
V Gouttebarge; W Ooms; T Tummers; H Inklaar (1 November 2015).
1656:; Orchard, JJ; Semsarian, C; La Gerche, A; Driscoll, T (2022).
706:
297:: pace, stamina, anticipation, tackling and marking abilities,
248:
2139:
Fuller, Colin W.; Junge, Astrid; Dvorak, Jiri (January 2012).
1430:"Depression and pain in retired professional football players"
633:(on an overall 55% of deaths caused by some sort of disease).
1774:
660:(ECV) images. Even encouraged, it wasn't yet made mandatory.
513:
American football players are prone to head injuries such as
696:
was reported between speed and non-speed position players.
601:
240:
However, some experience chronic health issues, see below.
2450:
from the original on 12 September 2020 – via Google.
1326:
2386:
1427:
637:
517:. In later life, this increases the risk of dementia and
437:
2396:
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
2068:
1928:
1566:
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
1215:
2532:
All causes mortality in male professional soccer player
1517:
797:"Jean-Pierre Papin: 'Football is a universal language'"
360:
1838:
584:
1475:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
648:
in people aged less than 35. To evaluate the risk of
607:
1270:
1058:"Scouting report: Mark Beevers, Sheffield Wednesday"
2270:
The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness
1273:
The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness
1563:
1090:"Scouting report: Kyle Naughton, Sheffield United"
2138:
1974:
1752:. Loyola University Health System. Archived from
1609:
1469:Baron, Sherry; Rinsky, Robert (10 January 1994).
494:, a retired player known for scoring header goals
436:Studies have long shown former American football
2584:
2190:Lemez, Srdjan; Baker, Joseph (1 December 2015).
1078:centre back evaluates based on these attributes.
795:jarassé, anne-cécile; yulia, k (30 March 2007).
1881:
1046:goalkeeper evaluates based on these attributes.
1026:"Scouting report: Colin Doyle, Birmingham City"
1612:"The longevity of international rugby players"
872:"The World's Highest-Paid Soccer Players 2023"
652:, may use and recommend the additional use of
1142:central midfielder based on these attributes.
1122:"Scouting report: Ben Watson, Crystal Palace"
898:"MLS releases annual list of player salaries"
805:. Andrew Burgess (translator). Archived from
2387:S. Lemez; N. Wattie; J. Baker (1 May 2016).
921:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
794:
573:has been found in retired football players.
469:was the same as for the general population.
449:risk..., particularly the heavier linemen."
249:Association football specialties (positions)
1468:
1434:Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
896:Rueter, Paul Tenorio, Tom Bogert and Jeff.
748:Category: Lists of rugby league footballers
2189:
1882:Sortland, O.; Tysvaer, A.T. (March 1989).
1702:
1154:"Michael Kightly, Wolverhampton Wanderers"
2505:
2363:
2237:
2211:
2166:
1992:
1858:
1445:
1241:
986:
243:
2015:
1662:Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
1183:
1151:
1119:
1087:
1055:
1023:
779:Rolin, Jack (13 July 2023), "football",
93:who plays one of the different types of
2114:
2108:
263:Association football tactics and skills
14:
2585:
2528:
1747:
656:(LGE) with pre- and post-contrast and
616:
356:Australian football tactics and skills
349:
2324:Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
1383:from the original on 17 November 2016
1297:
778:
743:List of footballers (Gaelic football)
731:Lists of association football players
50:A men's association football player (
2618:Players of Australian rules football
1610:Beaglehole, R.; Stewart, A. (1983).
1494:
1110:full back based on these attributes.
869:
361:Psychological aspects of performance
335:
2593:Terminology used in multiple sports
1779:American Journal of Sports Medicine
1330:American Journal of Sports Medicine
1184:Claridge, Steve (30 October 2007).
1152:Claridge, Steve (30 October 2007).
1088:Claridge, Steve (28 October 2008).
846:"EPL footballer wages England 2022"
724:
585:Sleep and psychological functioning
172:(MLS) is $ 530,262 as of May 2023.
24:
2529:Taioli, Emanuela (December 2007).
2146:British Journal of Sports Medicine
1719:10.1227/01.NEU.0000175725.75780.DD
1206:forward based on these attributes.
1120:Claridge, Steve (7 October 2008).
895:
608:Longevity and factors of mortality
431:
182:
25:
2634:
1298:Korth, Joanne (29 January 2006).
1174:winger based on these attributes.
1056:Claridge, Steve (22 April 2008).
736:List of American football players
97:. The main types of football are
2623:Association football occupations
1578:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01269.x
1403:"Patellar Tendonitis – SportsMD"
1234:10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.03.004
1222:Psychology of Sport and Exercise
663:
595:
499:
484:
393:
378:
369:
210:
191:
59:
43:
27:Sports person who plays football
2522:
2454:
2380:
2311:
2254:
2183:
2132:
2062:
2009:
1968:
1922:
1875:
1832:
1814:
1768:
1741:
1696:
1646:
1616:The New Zealand Medical Journal
1603:
1557:
1511:
1488:
1462:
1421:
1395:
1365:
1320:
1291:
1264:
1250:
1216:Jordet, Geir; Hartman, Esther;
1209:
1177:
1145:
1113:
1081:
1049:
1017:
670:National Basketball Association
259:Association football formations
2115:Epstein, David (21 May 2012).
1981:Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica
1373:"Preventing Football Injuries"
1024:Claridge, Steve (8 May 2007).
980:
955:
929:
889:
863:
838:
813:
788:
782:Britannica Online Encyclopedia
772:
255:Association football positions
177:National Women's Soccer League
13:
1:
2026:10.1007/978-3-642-15630-4_111
765:
715:amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
658:extracellular volume fraction
526:amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
2159:10.1136/bjsports-2011-090634
2073:Journal of Health Psychology
1748:Ritter, Jim (18 July 2011).
1536:10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.03.027
1524:American Journal of Medicine
1447:10.1249/mss.0b013e31802fa679
145:association football culture
68:women's association football
7:
1674:10.1016/j.jsams.2022.08.003
753:
654:late gadolinium enhancement
551:Anterior cruciate ligaments
342:American football positions
10:
2639:
576:
565:An increased incidence of
353:
339:
301:, and team responsibility.
252:
141:large crowds of spectators
29:
2213:10.1186/s40798-015-0024-x
1994:10.3109/17453678008990896
131:
111:Australian rules football
2608:Lists of football people
2482:10.1177/0363546516645093
2086:10.1177/1359105309342602
1792:10.1177/0363546512456193
1310:Times Publishing Company
705:while the mortality for
699:
674:National Football League
2537:Oxford University Press
1945:10.1001/jama.282.10.971
1343:10.1177/28.suppl_5.S-58
1204:Wolverhampton Wanderers
1202:Scouting report on the
1172:Wolverhampton Wanderers
1170:Scouting report on the
1138:Scouting report on the
1106:Scouting report on the
1074:Scouting report on the
1042:Scouting report on the
711:cardiovascular diseases
626:and 33% by a suspected
545:
475:
151:or professional teams.
2332:Spandidos Publications
2196:Sports Medicine - Open
990:Sociology of Education
678:National Hockey League
560:
543:
463:
421:
244:Skills and specialties
154:
2545:10.1093/eurpub/ckm035
2340:10.3892/etm.2018.7041
682:Major League Baseball
646:sudden cardiac deaths
636:Clinical evaluation,
538:
458:
446:"healthy worker" bias
442:Major League Baseball
416:
2539:. pp. 600–604.
2404:Wiley Online Library
2020:. pp. 871–875.
1860:10.1093/brain/awh373
1260:. 10 September 2009.
941:www.sportingnews.com
454:association football
99:association football
1828:. 19 November 2008.
1316:on 3 February 2008.
1186:"Sam Vokes, Wolves"
1076:Sheffield Wednesday
650:myocardial fibrosis
623:observational study
617:International level
350:Australian football
308:Central midfielders
170:Major League Soccer
2613:Gaelic footballers
2122:Sports Illustrated
1900:10.1007/BF00342029
1756:on 8 December 2011
1495:Meredith, Wadman.
1218:Sigmundstad, Einar
870:Birnbaum, Justin.
52:Robert Lewandowski
32:Footballer (Nolan)
2476:(10): 2486–2491.
2412:10.1111/sms.12480
2035:978-3-642-15629-8
1786:(10): 2206–2212.
386:Cristiano Ronaldo
336:American football
137:Jean-Pierre Papin
107:Canadian football
103:American football
16:(Redirected from
2630:
2577:
2576:
2570:
2566:
2564:
2556:
2535:. Vol. 17.
2526:
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2519:
2509:
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2315:
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2267:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2241:
2215:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2170:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2080:(8): 1144–1155.
2066:
2060:
2059:
2053:
2049:
2047:
2039:
2013:
2007:
2006:
1996:
1987:(1–6): 925–927.
1972:
1966:
1964:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1862:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1634:on 26 March 2019
1630:. Archived from
1622:(735): 513–515.
1607:
1601:
1597:
1572:(6): e260–e265.
1561:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1449:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1407:www.sportsmd.com
1399:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1377:www.sportsmd.com
1369:
1363:
1362:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1312:. Archived from
1295:
1289:
1288:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1117:
1111:
1108:Sheffield United
1105:
1103:
1101:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1021:
1015:
1014:
984:
978:
977:
975:
973:
959:
953:
952:
950:
948:
933:
927:
926:
920:
912:
910:
908:
893:
887:
886:
884:
882:
867:
861:
860:
858:
856:
842:
836:
835:
833:
831:
825:888 Sport Online
817:
811:
810:
809:on 16 June 2013.
792:
786:
785:
776:
725:Lists of players
642:echocardiography
503:
488:
397:
382:
222:football manager
214:
203:football manager
195:
63:
47:
21:
18:Football players
2638:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2598:Football people
2583:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2568:
2567:
2558:
2557:
2527:
2523:
2470:Am J Sports Med
2465:
2459:
2455:
2391:
2385:
2381:
2316:
2312:
2302:
2300:
2276:(11): 1376–82.
2265:
2259:
2255:
2188:
2184:
2137:
2133:
2113:
2109:
2067:
2063:
2051:
2050:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2018:Sports Injuries
2014:
2010:
1973:
1969:
1939:(10): 971–973.
1927:
1923:
1880:
1876:
1837:
1833:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1773:
1769:
1759:
1757:
1746:
1742:
1701:
1697:
1651:
1647:
1637:
1635:
1608:
1604:
1562:
1558:
1548:
1546:
1516:
1512:
1502:
1500:
1493:
1489:
1479:
1477:
1467:
1463:
1426:
1422:
1412:
1410:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1386:
1384:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1337:(s5): s58–s68.
1325:
1321:
1305:Tampa Bay Times
1296:
1292:
1269:
1265:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1214:
1210:
1195:
1193:
1182:
1178:
1163:
1161:
1150:
1146:
1131:
1129:
1118:
1114:
1099:
1097:
1086:
1082:
1067:
1065:
1054:
1050:
1044:Birmingham City
1035:
1033:
1022:
1018:
1003:10.2307/2112594
985:
981:
971:
969:
961:
960:
956:
946:
944:
935:
934:
930:
914:
913:
906:
904:
894:
890:
880:
878:
868:
864:
854:
852:
844:
843:
839:
829:
827:
819:
818:
814:
793:
789:
777:
773:
768:
756:
727:
702:
666:
619:
610:
598:
587:
579:
563:
548:
511:
510:
509:
508:
507:
504:
496:
495:
489:
478:
434:
432:Life expectancy
408:
407:
406:
405:
404:
398:
390:
389:
383:
372:
363:
358:
352:
344:
338:
268:insiders, etc.
265:
253:Main articles:
251:
246:
237:
236:
235:
234:
233:
232:national teams.
215:
207:
206:
196:
185:
183:Post-retirement
157:
134:
115:Gaelic football
83:football player
79:
78:
77:
76:
75:
64:
56:
55:
48:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2636:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2579:
2578:
2569:|journal=
2521:
2453:
2379:
2310:
2253:
2182:
2131:
2107:
2061:
2052:|journal=
2034:
2008:
1967:
1921:
1888:Neuroradiology
1874:
1853:(3): 472–476.
1831:
1813:
1767:
1740:
1713:(4): 719–726.
1695:
1668:(9): 710–714.
1645:
1602:
1556:
1530:(9): 811–814.
1510:
1487:
1461:
1440:(4): 599–605.
1420:
1409:. January 2015
1394:
1364:
1319:
1290:
1279:(2): 239–242.
1263:
1249:
1228:(6): 621–627.
1208:
1176:
1144:
1140:Crystal Palace
1112:
1080:
1048:
1016:
979:
954:
943:. 22 July 2023
928:
888:
862:
837:
812:
787:
770:
769:
767:
764:
763:
762:
755:
752:
751:
750:
745:
740:
738:
733:
726:
723:
701:
698:
694:stratification
665:
662:
618:
615:
609:
606:
597:
594:
586:
583:
578:
575:
567:osteoarthritis
562:
559:
547:
544:
505:
498:
497:
490:
483:
482:
481:
480:
479:
477:
474:
433:
430:
399:
392:
391:
384:
377:
376:
375:
374:
373:
371:
368:
362:
359:
354:Main article:
351:
348:
340:Main article:
337:
334:
333:
332:
323:
322:
313:
312:
303:
302:
289:
288:
279:
278:
250:
247:
245:
242:
216:
209:
208:
197:
190:
189:
188:
187:
186:
184:
181:
161:Premier League
156:
153:
133:
130:
72:Marta TorrejĂłn
65:
58:
57:
49:
42:
41:
40:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2635:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2574:
2562:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2525:
2517:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2334:: 1792–0981.
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2314:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2264:
2257:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2205:
2204:Springer Open
2201:
2197:
2193:
2186:
2178:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2111:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2065:
2057:
2045:
2037:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2012:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1971:
1965:(free access)
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1925:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1878:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1835:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1771:
1755:
1751:
1744:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1699:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1649:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1606:
1600:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1560:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1514:
1498:
1491:
1476:
1472:
1465:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1424:
1408:
1404:
1398:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1323:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1294:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1267:
1259:
1253:
1244:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1191:
1187:
1180:
1173:
1159:
1155:
1148:
1141:
1127:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1095:
1091:
1084:
1077:
1063:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1031:
1027:
1020:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
991:
983:
968:
964:
958:
942:
938:
932:
924:
918:
903:
899:
892:
877:
873:
866:
851:
847:
841:
826:
822:
816:
808:
804:
803:
798:
791:
784:
783:
775:
771:
761:
760:Sports unions
758:
757:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
728:
722:
720:
719:car accidents
716:
712:
708:
697:
695:
689:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
664:North America
661:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
634:
632:
629:
624:
614:
605:
603:
596:FIFA response
593:
590:
582:
574:
572:
568:
558:
556:
552:
542:
537:
535:
531:
527:
522:
520:
516:
502:
493:
487:
473:
470:
468:
462:
457:
455:
450:
447:
443:
439:
429:
425:
420:
415:
412:
402:
396:
387:
381:
370:Health issues
367:
357:
347:
343:
330:
329:
325:
324:
320:
319:
315:
314:
310:
309:
305:
304:
300:
296:
295:
291:
290:
286:
285:
281:
280:
276:
275:
271:
270:
269:
264:
260:
256:
241:
231:
227:
226:United States
223:
219:
213:
204:
200:
199:José Mourinho
194:
180:
178:
173:
171:
165:
162:
152:
148:
146:
142:
138:
129:
126:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
73:
69:
62:
53:
46:
37:
33:
19:
2531:
2524:
2473:
2469:
2456:
2399:
2395:
2382:
2327:
2323:
2313:
2303:12 September
2301:. Retrieved
2273:
2269:
2256:
2199:
2195:
2185:
2153:(1): 11–17.
2150:
2144:
2134:
2120:
2110:
2077:
2071:
2064:
2017:
2011:
1984:
1980:
1970:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1894:(1): 44–48.
1891:
1887:
1877:
1850:
1844:
1834:
1825:
1816:
1783:
1777:
1770:
1758:. Retrieved
1754:the original
1743:
1710:
1706:Neurosurgery
1704:
1698:
1665:
1661:
1648:
1638:24 September
1636:. Retrieved
1632:the original
1619:
1615:
1605:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1547:. Retrieved
1527:
1523:
1513:
1501:. Retrieved
1490:
1478:. Retrieved
1474:
1464:
1437:
1433:
1423:
1411:. Retrieved
1406:
1397:
1385:. Retrieved
1376:
1367:
1334:
1328:
1322:
1314:the original
1303:
1293:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1252:
1243:11250/170599
1225:
1221:
1211:
1194:. Retrieved
1190:The Guardian
1189:
1179:
1162:. Retrieved
1158:The Guardian
1157:
1147:
1130:. Retrieved
1126:The Guardian
1125:
1115:
1098:. Retrieved
1094:The Guardian
1093:
1083:
1066:. Retrieved
1062:The Guardian
1061:
1051:
1034:. Retrieved
1030:The Guardian
1029:
1019:
997:(1): 60–66.
994:
988:
982:
970:. Retrieved
966:
957:
945:. Retrieved
940:
931:
905:. Retrieved
902:The Athletic
901:
891:
879:. Retrieved
875:
865:
853:. Retrieved
849:
840:
828:. Retrieved
824:
815:
807:the original
800:
790:
781:
774:
703:
690:
686:car accident
667:
635:
620:
611:
599:
591:
588:
580:
564:
549:
541:implications
539:
533:
523:
512:
492:Abby Wambach
471:
464:
459:
451:
435:
426:
422:
417:
413:
409:
364:
345:
326:
316:
306:
292:
284:Centre-backs
282:
272:
266:
238:
218:Pia Sundhage
174:
166:
158:
149:
135:
127:
119:rugby league
91:sportsperson
86:
82:
80:
36:
1654:Orchard, JW
1413:16 November
1387:16 November
1196:13 December
1164:13 December
1132:13 December
1100:13 December
1068:13 December
1036:13 December
972:19 November
947:19 November
907:19 November
881:19 November
855:19 November
830:19 November
692:sample. No
680:(NHL), and
519:Alzheimer's
515:concussions
401:Faith Ikidi
274:Goalkeepers
123:rugby union
2587:Categories
2498:8147151940
2428:6189719938
2356:7991416583
2290:8086984568
2230:7659615440
1760:5 November
766:References
467:All Blacks
294:Full-backs
87:footballer
2571:ignored (
2561:cite book
2490:0363-5465
2420:0905-7188
2406:: 544–9.
2348:1792-1015
2282:0022-4707
2222:2199-1170
2127:Time Inc.
2054:ignored (
2044:cite book
1690:251479792
1499:. Science
802:cafébabel
631:pathology
600:In 2012,
571:hip joint
299:work rate
2603:Football
2553:17434875
2516:27159317
2448:Archived
2444:41743986
2436:25996659
2374:30679986
2298:25289716
2248:26301178
2177:22143999
2102:10312855
2094:19858334
1961:22772205
1953:10485683
1916:21039119
1869:15634730
1808:25752165
1800:22922518
1727:16239884
1682:35999145
1594:30783906
1586:21435018
1544:19699372
1456:17414796
1381:Archived
1359:20055504
1351:11032109
1285:12032422
1192:. London
1160:. London
1128:. London
1096:. London
1064:. London
1032:. London
917:cite web
850:Statista
754:See also
328:Forwards
224:for the
95:football
70:player (
2507:5048489
2365:6327574
2239:4534511
2168:3254133
2003:7211298
1908:2717003
1735:2473241
1628:6578423
1549:10 July
1503:10 July
1480:10 July
1011:2112594
676:(NFL),
672:(NBA),
628:cardiac
577:Muscles
569:in the
555:tackles
530:atrophy
318:Wingers
2551:
2514:
2504:
2496:
2488:
2442:
2434:
2426:
2418:
2372:
2362:
2354:
2346:
2296:
2288:
2280:
2246:
2236:
2228:
2220:
2206:: 16.
2175:
2165:
2100:
2092:
2032:
2001:
1959:
1951:
1914:
1906:
1867:
1826:cbc.ca
1806:
1798:
1733:
1725:
1688:
1680:
1626:
1592:
1584:
1542:
1454:
1357:
1349:
1283:
1009:
876:Forbes
707:cancer
640:, and
261:, and
230:Sweden
132:Career
121:, and
2466:(PDF)
2440:S2CID
2402:(5).
2392:(PDF)
2330:(2).
2266:(PDF)
2202:(1).
2098:S2CID
1957:S2CID
1912:S2CID
1846:Brain
1804:S2CID
1731:S2CID
1686:S2CID
1590:S2CID
1355:S2CID
1007:JSTOR
967:The18
700:Italy
89:is a
2573:help
2549:PMID
2512:PMID
2494:OCLC
2486:ISSN
2432:PMID
2424:OCLC
2416:ISSN
2370:PMID
2352:OCLC
2344:ISSN
2305:2020
2294:PMID
2286:OCLC
2278:ISSN
2244:PMID
2226:OCLC
2218:ISSN
2173:PMID
2090:PMID
2056:help
2030:ISBN
1999:PMID
1949:PMID
1932:JAMA
1904:PMID
1865:PMID
1796:PMID
1762:2011
1723:PMID
1678:PMID
1640:2015
1624:PMID
1599:Pdf.
1582:PMID
1551:2022
1540:PMID
1505:2022
1482:2022
1452:PMID
1415:2016
1389:2016
1347:PMID
1281:PMID
1198:2008
1166:2008
1134:2008
1102:2008
1070:2008
1038:2008
974:2023
949:2023
923:link
909:2023
883:2023
857:2023
832:2023
717:and
709:and
602:FIFA
546:Knee
534:i.e.
476:Head
228:and
2541:doi
2502:PMC
2478:doi
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