2128:
2199:
1963:
2003:
744:
1243:
78:
60:
1984:, brown or green when fresh, slowly turning a dull grey as the fruit ages. For cooking, green fruits are optimal. The leaves are delicately flavored and similar in shape to dill. The bulb is a crisp vegetable that can be sautéed, stewed, braised, grilled, or eaten raw. Tender young leaves are used for garnishes, as a salad, to add flavor to salads, to flavor sauces to be served with puddings, and in soups and fish sauce. Both the inflated leaf bases and the tender young
732:
1261:
854:
1297:
1315:
1279:
756:
1225:
1394:
720:
1080:
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are similar-looking herbs but shorter-growing than fennel, reaching only 40–60 cm (16–24 in). Dill has thread-like, feathery leaves and yellow flowers; coriander and caraway have white flowers and finely divided leaves (though not as fine as dill or fennel) and are also shorter-lived (being
3245:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).
1909:
Dried fennel seeds are typically used as a spice in minute quantities. A reference amount of 100 grams (3.5 oz) of fennel seeds provides 1,440 kilojoules (345 kilocalories) of food energy and is a rich source (20% or more of the
2638:
Uusitalo, L; Salmenhaara, M; Isoniemi, M; Garcia-Alvarez, A; Serra-Majem, L; Ribas-Barba, L; Finglas, P; Plumb, J; Tuominen, P; Savela, K (2016). "Intake of selected bioactive compounds from plant food supplements containing fennel
3065:
3244:
2189:
On account of its aromatic properties, fennel fruit forms one of the ingredients of the well-known compound liquorice powder. In the Indian subcontinent, fennel fruits are eaten raw, sometimes with a sweetener.
1404:
Fennel was prized by the ancient Greeks and Romans, who used it as medicine, food, and insect repellent. Fennel tea was believed to give courage to the warriors before battle. According to Greek mythology,
1980:
traditions of the world. The small flowers of wild fennel (known as fennel "pollen") are the most potent form of fennel, but also the most expensive. Dried fennel fruit is an aromatic, anise-flavored
981:
annual or biennial plants). The superficial similarity in appearance between these seeds may have led to a sharing of names and etymology, as in the case of meridian fennel, a term for caraway.
2678:
Ribeiro-Santos, Regiane; Andrade, Mariana; Sanches-Silva, Ana; de Melo, Nathália Ramos (2017). "Essential Oils for Food
Application: Natural Substances with Established Biological Activities".
3057:
2106:
Fennel leaves are used in some parts of India as leafy green vegetables either by themselves or mixed with other vegetables, cooked to be served and consumed as part of a meal. In
2404:
1132:-like structure. It is of cultivated origin, and has a mild anise-like flavor but is sweeter and more aromatic. Florence fennel plants are smaller than the wild type. Several
3223:
991:) is a large, coarse plant with a pungent aroma, which grows wild in the Mediterranean region and is only occasionally grown in gardens elsewhere. Other species of the genus
3463:
3189:
2464:
1885:
3159:
2093:
1995:
Fennel fruits are sometimes confused with those of anise, which are similar in taste and appearance, though smaller. Fennel is also a flavoring in some natural
3569:
2912:
1181:
in
Australia and the United States. It can drastically alter the composition and structure of many plant communities, including grasslands, coastal scrub,
4104:
3125:
3315:
2040:. In Indian cuisine, whole fennel seeds and fennel powder are used as a spice in various sweet and savory dishes. It is an essential ingredient in the
3355:
2945:
5611:
653:
grow up to 40 centimetres (16 inches) long; they are finely dissected, with the ultimate segments filiform (threadlike), about 0.5 millimetres (
3440:
3381:
5699:
2595:
Díaz-Maroto, M. C; Díaz-Maroto
Hidalgo, I. J; Sánchez-Palomo, E; Pérez-Coello, M. S (2005). "Volatile components and key odorants of fennel (
5453:
3639:
3613:
3595:
2975:
3749:
3473:
3095:
1185:, and wetland communities. It appears to do this by outcompeting native species for light, nutrients, and water and perhaps by exuding
5787:
2767:
3779:
3252:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
2434:
2392:
5549:
3696:
3215:
2370:
2076:, a breath freshener most popularly consumed in India. In China, fennel stem and leaves are often ingredients in the stuffings of
5637:
5562:
4097:
3670:
2801:
2792:
2151:, and other dishes employ fresh or dried fennel leaves. Florence fennel is a key ingredient in some Italian salads, or it can be
3181:
5722:
1189:
substances that inhibit the growth of other plants. In western North
America, fennel can be found from the coastal and inland
1087:
Fennel is widely cultivated, both in its native range and elsewhere, for its edible, strongly flavored leaves and fruits. Its
5665:
3554:
3416:
3257:
2861:
2741:
2500:
1026:
2456:
519:
but has become widely naturalized in many parts of the world, especially on dry soils near the sea coast and on riverbanks.
5642:
3271:
3520:
5219:
3486:
3005:
1033:
spp. have finely divided, hairlike leaves; their roots have a delicate rice-like odor, unlike the musty odor of hemlock.
471:
17:
3148:
2822:
2538:"Foeniculum vulgareMill: A Review of Its Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Contemporary Application, and Toxicology"
2127:
5487:
5448:
4090:
5211:
2524:
1366:
945:
926:
5704:
3034:
2198:
883:
5854:
2689:
898:
3577:
2904:
5598:
2204:
2088:, as well in cold dishes as a green vegetable. Fennel fruits are present in well-known mixed spices such as the
5945:
5925:
5915:
5849:
5727:
2680:
879:
5805:
3117:
905:
678:
5–17.5 cm (2–7 in) wide, each umbel section having 20–50 tiny yellow flowers on short pedicels. The
5950:
5686:
5384:
3772:
2797:
3323:
1962:
1881:
5531:
5518:
5327:
3345:
3211:
743:
5404:
5813:
5624:
5356:
3503:
5567:
5371:
2937:
2783:
2114:, the young leaves are used to make a special kind of egg omelette (along with onions and flour) called
912:
5800:
5224:
4565:
4515:
3532:
3498:
3293:
2603:
L.) oil extracts obtained by simultaneous distillation-extraction and supercritical fluid extraction".
2317:
1872:
77:
42:
1157:
along roadsides, in pastures, and in other open sites in many regions, including northern Europe, the
5714:
5660:
5414:
2733:
Foraging Wild Edible Plants of North
America: More than 150 Delicious Recipes Using Nature's Edibles
5940:
5920:
5234:
5100:
4814:
4056:
3947:
3788:
3765:
3432:
3387:
1190:
1154:
894:
864:
5678:
1150:'Purpureum' or 'Nigra', "bronze-leaved" fennel, is widely available as a decorative garden plant.
1021:
species have yellow flowers like fennel, but some are white-flowered and resemble poison hemlock.
706: in) long, half as wide or less, and grooved. Since the seed in the fruit is attached to the
5526:
5440:
4473:
3350:
875:
868:
467:
461:
35:
5864:
5792:
5766:
2002:
1769:
5935:
5616:
5513:
5289:
4290:
4243:
3889:
3851:
2490:
3627:
3609:
3591:
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1730:
998:
In North
America, fennel may be found growing in the same habitat and alongside natives osha (
5229:
4757:
4697:
4383:
4343:
4305:
4128:
4049:
3838:
3826:
3814:
3802:
1743:
1432:
and other countries. Fennel fruit is a common and traditional spice in flavored
Scandinavian
1369:, production data for fennel are combined with similar spices – anise, star anise, and
194:
5753:
3087:
2170:. In Spain, the stems of the fennel plant are used in the preparation of pickled eggplants,
5590:
5461:
4951:
4868:
4742:
4640:
4315:
4270:
4207:
2760:
2277:
1795:
1756:
731:
2324:
repeatedly refers to the plant and mentions its purported ability to strengthen eyesight:
8:
5874:
5761:
4712:
4655:
4633:
4478:
3992:
3154:
2426:
2293:
2156:
1884:
for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
1547:
1537:
5779:
5338:
4819:
3692:
3033:. UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT). 2017.
2594:
1946:, all of which exceed 90% DV (table). Fennel seeds are 52% carbohydrates (including 40%
719:
5882:
5505:
5051:
4976:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4613:
4545:
4373:
4285:
4280:
4258:
4212:
4139:
3980:
3820:
3635:
3468:
2709:
2572:
2537:
2358:
2233:
2098:
1895:
1782:
1710:
1567:
1114:
1000:
497:
218:
72:
5170:
3743:
3662:
3550:
5910:
5748:
5422:
5252:
5130:
5110:
5070:
5016:
4918:
4913:
4500:
4310:
4223:
4161:
4018:
3968:
3882:
3412:
3263:
3253:
2857:
2737:
2713:
2701:
2660:
2620:
2577:
2559:
2520:
2496:
2089:
2059:
1808:
1655:
1343:
Data combined with related spices – anise, star anise & coriander. Source:
1194:
3409:
The
Encyclopedia of Spices and Herbs: An Essential Guide to the Flavors of the World
2321:
919:
5887:
5427:
4908:
4893:
4873:
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4190:
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3845:
2693:
2656:
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2612:
2567:
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2298:
2281:
2041:
2037:
2033:
1927:
1398:
1174:
1137:
617:
592:
586:
551:
5348:
5140:
2492:
National
Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers: Western Region
5955:
5818:
5735:
5361:
5175:
4762:
4707:
4687:
4650:
4605:
4408:
4368:
4006:
3935:
3719:
3508:
2771:
2731:
2237:
2167:
2045:
2028:
use fennel fruits in cooking. In Iraq, fennel seeds are used as an ingredient in
984:
823:
642:
545:
501:
489:
115:
5841:
5691:
5652:
5930:
5774:
5105:
5075:
4981:
4849:
4774:
4598:
4560:
4535:
4493:
4456:
3900:
3247:
3031:"Production in 2014, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists)"
1985:
1441:
1363:
1348:
1125:
1103:, and its taste and aroma are similar to theirs, though usually not as strong.
102:
5135:
2997:
2697:
2403:. US Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2015.
5904:
5492:
5145:
5080:
5058:
5026:
4961:
4829:
4799:
4779:
4767:
4752:
4737:
4727:
4702:
4505:
4253:
3738:
3528:
3494:
2830:
2705:
2563:
2049:
1947:
1919:
1527:
1493:
1410:
1182:
1158:
815:
779:
755:
516:
210:
5190:
4082:
5629:
5312:
5125:
5115:
5085:
5021:
5011:
4991:
4971:
4789:
4587:
4530:
4525:
4468:
4228:
4070:
3923:
3628:"MY 605 Ge + 607 + fr. [+] 60Sa + fr. [+] 605b + frr. (57)"
3267:
2664:
2624:
2581:
2054:
1968:
1899:
1821:
1479:
837:
807:
5831:
3210:
2554:
1976:
The bulb, foliage, and fruits of the fennel plant are used in many of the
1420:
Florence fennel is one of the three main herbs used in the preparation of
59:
5673:
5575:
5394:
5321:
5155:
5150:
5095:
5031:
4996:
4804:
4732:
4692:
4426:
4149:
4042:
3986:
3030:
2677:
2637:
2536:
Badgujar, Shamkant B.; Patel, Vainav V.; Bandivdekar, Atmaram H. (2014).
2266:
2148:
2025:
2017:
1911:
1463:
1414:
1186:
1046:
836:
essential oil also has non-food uses. A 2016 study found the oil to have
5740:
5541:
4550:
2616:
1433:
1197:, California for example, fennel has achieved 50 to 90% absolute cover.
5554:
5262:
5257:
5195:
5180:
5120:
4809:
4717:
4463:
4300:
4295:
4233:
4144:
3856:
2259:
2179:
2160:
2144:
1996:
1923:
1672:
1638:
1406:
1100:
1050:
819:
683:
621:) is a selection with a swollen, bulb-like stem base that is used as a
171:
3433:"What is Fennel Seeds, Saunf? Glossary | Uses, Benefits, Recipes"
2068:, an after-meal digestive and breath freshener (saunf), or candied as
1173:. It propagates well by both root crown and seed and is considered an
1136:
of Florence fennel are also known by several other names, notably the
5580:
5500:
5474:
5272:
5267:
5065:
5036:
4986:
4928:
4834:
4722:
4628:
4582:
4202:
4025:
3910:
1943:
1939:
1688:
1370:
1170:
1144:. In North American supermarkets, it is often mislabeled as "anise."
1092:
969:
787:
622:
5283:
853:
5826:
5306:
5185:
5160:
4878:
4863:
4645:
4572:
4540:
4488:
4441:
4398:
4378:
4363:
4328:
4156:
3999:
3961:
3916:
3871:
2255:
2240:
2236:
literally means a plain with fennel. The word is first attested in
2152:
1621:
1428:
and became, by the late 19th century, a popular alcoholic drink in
1421:
1382:
1266:
1133:
1096:
1006:
959:
827:
811:
803:
791:
783:
707:
646:
531:
493:
161:
141:
128:
5603:
5479:
3757:
5435:
5090:
5041:
4956:
4946:
4888:
4824:
4794:
4483:
4446:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4338:
4180:
4036:
4031:
3895:
3861:
3545:
3296:. FoodData Central, US Department of Agriculture. 30 October 2020
2311:
2289:
2262:
steals the ember of fire from the gods in a hollow fennel stalk.
2111:
2064:
2029:
2008:
1977:
1931:
1915:
1601:
1437:
1424:, an alcoholic mixture which originated as a medicinal elixir in
1344:
1193:
east into hill and mountain areas, excluding desert habitats. On
1011:
977:
799:
523:
151:
3182:"Making Chinese Medicine Series 03: Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)"
2270:
2062:. In many parts of India, roasted fennel fruits are consumed as
5466:
5379:
5046:
5001:
4941:
4898:
4839:
4784:
4747:
4667:
4662:
4520:
4510:
4431:
4393:
4333:
4323:
4197:
4185:
4175:
4012:
3905:
3876:
3866:
3808:
3548:
Ge 602, MY Ge 606 + fr., MY Ge 605 + 607 + frr. + 60Sa + 605b.
3514:
3480:
2252:
2077:
2069:
1989:
1429:
1425:
1393:
1302:
1162:
995:
are also called giant fennel, but they are not culinary herbs.
973:
795:
671:
650:
512:
508:
5165:
5006:
4966:
4936:
4883:
4858:
4844:
4592:
4577:
4451:
4418:
4403:
4388:
4275:
4170:
4134:
3929:
3832:
3742:
3521:
3487:
2968:"Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map"
2227:
2217:
2118:
2107:
2081:
1981:
1436:(a loosely defined group of distilled spirits, which include
1378:
1374:
1320:
1248:
1230:
1213:
1088:
1079:
1057:
679:
675:
527:
89:
3717:
3383:
Culinary Herbs: Their Cultivation Harvesting Curing and Uses
2427:"Plant Characteristics and Associations. Foeniculum vulgare"
2032:-flavored breads. It is one of the most important spices in
1037:
species prefer dry, rocky soils devoid of organic material.
4903:
4618:
4248:
4238:
4119:
3941:
2136:
2073:
2021:
1935:
1284:
1178:
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green, and it can grow up to 2.5 metres (8 feet) tall. The
601:
575:
572:
504:
3238:
3216:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
1417:
required the cultivation of fennel on all imperial farms.
566:
2132:
2085:
1951:
1903:
1513:
557:
2535:
3553:. Palaeolexicon. Word study tool of Ancient languages.
2072:. Fennel seeds are also often used as an ingredient in
2012:(breath freshener) made of fennel seeds and rock sugar
962:
family are poisonous and often difficult to identify.
710:, the whole fruit is often mistakenly called "seed."
2245:
1999:. The fruits are used in cookery and sweet desserts.
604:
598:
569:
563:
554:
2856:. New York: Simon & Schuster Inc. p. 375.
663: in) wide. Its leaves are similar to those of
595:
560:
3380:M. G. Kains (1912). American Agriculturist (ed.).
3249:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
3147:
2292:noticed the abundance of wild fennel and used the
2276:, fennel is one of the nine plants invoked in the
2166:Fennel fruits are the primary flavor component in
1397:Sugar-coated and uncoated fennel fruits used as a
3551:"The Linear B word transliterated as ma-ra-tu-wo"
2671:
1720:
1611:
1377:produced 60% of the world output of fennel, with
5902:
5056:
2304:
1409:used a giant stalk of fennel to carry fire from
41:"Finocchio" redirects here. For other uses, see
1099:, an aromatic compound also found in anise and
3204:
3055:
1458:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
4112:
4098:
3773:
3724:(in Portuguese), Typ. funchalense, p. 39
2172:
3753:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
3461:
3025:
3023:
2484:
2482:
2288:In the 15th century, Portuguese settlers on
2116:
27:Flowering plant species in the carrot family
3379:
2488:
1066:
1060:
1010:species, useful medicinal relatives in the
882:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
4105:
4091:
3780:
3766:
3212:United States Food and Drug Administration
2725:
2723:
2605:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
2155:and served as a warm side dish. It may be
1440:). Fennel is also featured in the Chinese
58:
3663:"HESIOD, THE HOMERIC HYMNS, AND HOMERICA"
3020:
2755:
2753:
2571:
2553:
2515:Blamey, M. & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989).
2495:(rev ed.). Knopf. pp. 339–340.
2479:
1025:is an important historical food plant of
946:Learn how and when to remove this message
3737:
3574:Minoan Linear A & Mycenaean Linear B
3375:
3373:
2851:
2736:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 77.
2197:
2126:
2001:
1961:
1392:
1385:as leading secondary producers (table).
1078:
782:imparting mixed aromas, including trans-
778:character of fennel fruits derives from
515:. It is indigenous to the shores of the
3718:Frutuoso, G.; de Azevedo, A.R. (1873),
3406:
3149:"Aquavit: this winter's hottest spirit"
2905:"Species: Foeniculum vulgare (Aniseed)"
2802:United States Department of Agriculture
2793:Germplasm Resources Information Network
2729:
2720:
530:, is one of the primary ingredients of
472:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
14:
5903:
2750:
1128:with inflated leaf bases which form a
522:It is a highly flavorful herb used in
5288:
5287:
4086:
3761:
3402:
3400:
3386:. Orange Judd Company. Archived from
3370:
3098:from the original on 24 February 2022
2932:
2930:
2509:
2467:from the original on 31 December 2020
2353:
2351:
1954:, 16% protein, and 9% water (table).
645:herb. The stem is hollow, erect, and
616:
5855:cd10828b-4e96-47b8-99a2-285c3a9970cc
5715:9dc554ff-5585-4a77-94ab-3ec06670e466
3632:DĀMOS: Database of Mycenaean at Oslo
3567:
3346:"Fennel Pollen: Culinary Fairy Dust"
3162:from the original on 12 January 2022
3128:from the original on 8 November 2017
2876:
2776:
2517:Flora of Britain and Northern Europe
2373:from the original on 16 January 2023
2369:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2023.
1083:Fennel being sold in a French market
880:adding citations to reliable sources
847:
526:and, along with the similar-tasting
3787:
3673:from the original on 7 January 2022
2335:Was gifted with the wondrous powers
2331:The Fennel with its yellow flowers;
1894:A raw fennel bulb is 90% water, 1%
24:
3699:from the original on 22 April 2014
3660:
3397:
3226:from the original on 27 March 2024
2927:
2457:"Plant Finder. Foeniculum vulgare"
2348:
2329:Above the lower plants, it towers,
2131:French cooked fennel stuffed with
843:
674:are produced in terminal compound
25:
5967:
3731:
3642:from the original on 25 July 2014
3616:from the original on 29 June 2017
3598:from the original on 25 July 2014
3557:from the original on 7 March 2016
3443:from the original on 1 March 2022
3358:from the original on 1 March 2015
3192:from the original on 8 March 2022
3068:from the original on 2 April 2019
3008:from the original on 1 March 2022
2978:from the original on 16 June 2015
2942:California Invasive Plant Council
2915:from the original on 1 March 2022
2407:from the original on 4 April 2021
1367:Food and Agriculture Organization
830:, among others in minor content.
5806:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:842680-1
3576:. Deaditerranean. Archived from
3037:from the original on 3 June 2019
2948:from the original on 10 May 2022
2894:, Dorling Kindersley, 2008, p280
2437:from the original on 17 May 2021
2310:to form the name of a new town,
2285:, recorded in the 10th century.
1873:Link to Full USDA Database entry
1313:
1295:
1277:
1259:
1241:
1223:
852:
754:
742:
730:
718:
591:
550:
76:
30:This article is about the plant
3711:
3685:
3654:
3538:
3455:
3425:
3338:
3316:"gourmet-organic-fennel-pollen"
3308:
3286:
3274:from the original on 9 May 2024
3174:
3140:
3110:
3080:
3049:
2990:
2960:
2897:
2885:
2870:
2845:
2815:
2690:Springer Science+Business Media
2333:And in an earlier age than ours
2232:), and the place of the famous
1029:known as 'biscuit root'. Most
818:found in fennel fruits include
4469:Peppercorn (black/green/white)
3411:. HarperCollins. p. 220.
2681:Food and Bioprocess Technology
2657:10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.057
2631:
2588:
2529:
2489:Spellenberg, Richard (2001) .
2449:
2419:
2385:
2186:can also be made from fennel.
1074:
628:
13:
1:
2998:"Foeniculum vulgare Calflora"
2798:Agricultural Research Service
2730:Nyerges, Christopher (2016).
2542:BioMed Research International
2463:. Missouri Botanical Garden.
2342:
2212:The Greek name for fennel is
1468:1,443 kJ (345 kcal)
1444:for its medicinal functions.
1357:
3462:Deepika Sahu (10 May 2012).
3294:"Fennel bulb, raw per 100 g"
2643:) among Finnish consumers".
2393:"Classification for Kingdom
1880:Percentages estimated using
1447:
1201:Production of fennel – 2014
1040:
769:
7:
4281:Kinh gioi (Vietnamese balm)
2461:Missouribotanicalgarden.org
2117:
10:
5972:
3522:
3488:
2892:RHS Plant Finder 2008–2009
2433:. Calflora. 1 April 2020.
2367:Plants of the World Online
2318:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
2228:
2218:
2193:
1957:
1902:, and contains negligible
43:Finocchio (disambiguation)
40:
29:
5296:
5245:
5204:
4927:
4417:
4203:Coriander leaf / Cilantro
4118:
4113:Culinary herbs and spices
3797:
3693:"Old English Plant Names"
3464:"The power of five seeds"
2698:10.1007/s11947-017-1948-6
2205:Köhler's Medicinal Plants
1879:
1869:
1865:
1857:
1845:
1841:
1833:
1820:
1807:
1794:
1781:
1768:
1755:
1742:
1729:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1687:
1671:
1654:
1637:
1620:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1584:
1580:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1546:
1536:
1526:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1492:
1476:
1472:
1462:
1457:
1341:
1208:
1205:
633:
224:
217:
200:
193:
73:Scientific classification
71:
66:
57:
52:
5101:Montreal steak seasoning
4057:Psammogeton involucratus
3948:Echinophora sibthorpiana
3186:Purplecloudinstitute.com
3118:"Aalborg Taffel Akvavit"
2337:Lost vision to restore.
2302:(fennel) and the suffix
2163:, or cooked in risotto.
2016:Many cultures in India,
1191:wildland-urban interface
1056:which in turn came from
790:(resembling liquorice),
3750:Encyclopædia Britannica
3504:A Greek–English Lexicon
3407:Lakshmi, Padma (2016).
3351:The Wall Street Journal
3320:kandarian-organic-farms
2852:Rombauer, Irma (1997).
2271:
2246:
1882:US recommendations
1388:
36:Fennel (disambiguation)
5057:
3890:Chaerophyllum bulbosum
3610:"MY 606 Ge + fr. (57)"
3062:Digitalcommons.usu.edu
3058:"Fennel in the Garden"
3056:Ken Adams; Dan Drost.
2759:Katzer's Spice Pages:
2340:
2305:
2209:
2173:
2140:
2013:
1973:
1886:the National Academies
1401:
1084:
1067:
1061:
460:This article contains
308:Foeniculum divaricatum
300:Foeniculum capillaceum
34:. For other uses, see
5946:Mediterranean cuisine
5926:Edible nuts and seeds
5916:Butterfly food plants
4050:Peucedanum ostruthium
3839:Anthriscus sylvestris
3827:Angelica archangelica
3815:Alepidea peduncularis
3803:Aegopodium podagraria
3495:Liddell, Henry George
2326:
2201:
2174:berenjenas de Almagro
2130:
2094:thirteen-spice powder
2005:
1965:
1586:Vitamins and minerals
1396:
1082:
725:Florence fennel bulbs
380:Ligusticum foeniculum
372:Ligusticum foeniculum
340:Foeniculum officinale
324:Foeniculum foeniculum
5951:Perennial vegetables
4952:Beau monde seasoning
4317:Limnophila aromatica
3721:As Saudades da terra
3188:. 26 February 2021.
2823:"Green Fennel Seeds"
2322:"The Goblet of Life"
876:improve this section
356:Foeniculum piperitum
348:Foeniculum panmorium
332:Foeniculum giganteum
5076:Jamaican jerk spice
4698:Japanese pricklyash
3993:Ligusticum scoticum
3326:on 6 September 2015
3158:. 8 November 2016.
3155:The Daily Telegraph
3092:Polisherbgarden.com
3088:"Fennel (Marathos)"
2944:. 16 October 2017.
2938:"IPCW Plant Report"
2879:The Joy of Pickling
2770:15 May 2020 at the
2555:10.1155/2014/842674
1972:with fennel filling
1454:
1202:
958:Some plants in the
686:from 4–10 mm (
618:[fiˈnɔkkjo]
404:Ozodia foeniculacea
292:Foeniculum azoricum
18:Foeniculum azoricum
5767:Foeniculum vulgare
5454:Foeniculum_vulgare
5415:foeniculum-vulgare
5385:foeniculum-vulgare
5328:Foeniculum vulgare
5298:Foeniculum vulgare
5052:Herbes de Provence
4683:Grains of paradise
4546:Crushed red pepper
4260:Houttuynia cordata
3981:Heracleum persicum
3636:University of Oslo
3469:The Times of India
2786:Foeniculum vulgare
2763:Foeniculum vulgare
2641:Foeniculum vulgare
2599:Mill.) and thyme (
2597:Foeniculum vulgare
2361:Foeniculum vulgare
2234:battle of Marathon
2210:
2141:
2060:five-spice powders
2014:
1988:can be eaten like
1974:
1847:Other constituents
1452:
1413:to Earth. Emperor
1402:
1362:As grouped by the
1200:
1153:Fennel has become
1148:Foeniculum vulgare
1111:Foeniculum vulgare
1095:flavor comes from
1085:
1065:, a diminutive of
1001:Ligusticum porteri
639:Foeniculum vulgare
485:Foeniculum vulgare
462:special characters
447:Schkuhr ex Spreng.
412:Selinum foeniculum
364:Foeniculum rigidum
244:Anethum foeniculum
204:Foeniculum vulgare
32:Foeniculum vulgare
5898:
5897:
5749:Open Tree of Life
5290:Taxon identifiers
5281:
5280:
5253:Chinese herbology
5131:Pumpkin pie spice
5111:Old Bay Seasoning
5071:Italian seasoning
5017:Five-spice powder
4319:(rice-paddy herb)
4162:Indian bay leaf (
4080:
4079:
4019:Oenanthe javanica
3969:Eryngium foetidum
3883:Centella asiatica
3667:Project Gutenberg
3418:978-0-06-237523-0
3393:on 13 April 2017.
3354:. 23 March 2012.
3259:978-0-309-48834-1
3122:Diffordsguide.com
2877:Ziedrich, Linda.
2863:978-0-684-81870-2
2743:978-1-4930-1499-6
2617:10.1021/jf050340+
2502:978-0-375-40233-3
2278:pagan Anglo-Saxon
2090:five-spice powder
1892:
1891:
1837:
1836:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1217:
1195:Santa Cruz Island
1071:, meaning "hay".
1045:Fennel came into
956:
955:
948:
930:
468:rendering support
455:
454:
448:
440:
432:
428:Seseli foeniculum
424:
416:
408:
400:
392:
384:
376:
368:
360:
352:
344:
336:
328:
320:
312:
304:
296:
288:
280:
276:Anethum piperitum
272:
268:Anethum panmorium
264:
256:
248:
240:
230:
67:Fennel in flower
16:(Redirected from
5963:
5891:
5890:
5878:
5877:
5868:
5867:
5858:
5857:
5845:
5844:
5835:
5834:
5822:
5821:
5809:
5808:
5796:
5795:
5783:
5782:
5770:
5769:
5757:
5756:
5744:
5743:
5731:
5730:
5718:
5717:
5708:
5707:
5695:
5694:
5692:NHMSYS0000458868
5682:
5681:
5669:
5668:
5656:
5655:
5646:
5645:
5633:
5632:
5620:
5619:
5607:
5606:
5594:
5593:
5584:
5583:
5571:
5570:
5558:
5557:
5545:
5544:
5535:
5534:
5522:
5521:
5509:
5508:
5496:
5495:
5483:
5482:
5470:
5469:
5457:
5456:
5444:
5443:
5431:
5430:
5418:
5417:
5408:
5407:
5398:
5397:
5388:
5387:
5375:
5374:
5365:
5364:
5352:
5351:
5342:
5341:
5332:
5331:
5330:
5317:
5316:
5315:
5285:
5284:
5062:
4869:Tasmanian pepper
4850:Sichuan pepper (
4805:Pomegranate seed
4619:Dill / Dill seed
4474:Brazilian pepper
4437:Alligator pepper
4191:garlic / Chinese
4107:
4100:
4093:
4084:
4083:
4064:Ridolfia segetum
3962:Erigenia bulbosa
3955:Elwendia persica
3846:Apium prostratum
3791:
3782:
3775:
3768:
3759:
3758:
3754:
3746:
3726:
3725:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3658:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3592:"MY 602 Ge (57)"
3589:
3587:
3585:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3542:
3536:
3525:
3524:
3518:
3512:
3491:
3490:
3484:
3478:
3477:
3472:. Archived from
3459:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3404:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3377:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3322:. Archived from
3312:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3151:
3144:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3027:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3013:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2934:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2901:
2895:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2829:. Archived from
2827:Regencyspices.hk
2819:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2780:
2774:
2757:
2748:
2747:
2727:
2718:
2717:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2575:
2557:
2533:
2527:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2486:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2399:Foeniculum Mill.
2389:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2355:
2308:
2282:Nine Herbs Charm
2274:
2249:
2231:
2230:
2221:
2220:
2176:
2122:
2102:
2038:Gujarati cooking
2034:Kashmiri cuisine
1928:dietary minerals
1724:
1676:
1659:
1642:
1625:
1615:
1582:
1581:
1455:
1451:
1399:breath freshener
1342:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1211:
1203:
1199:
1175:invasive species
1113:Azoricum Group;
1070:
1064:
1027:Native Americans
951:
944:
940:
937:
931:
929:
888:
856:
848:
758:
746:
734:
722:
705:
704:
700:
695:
694:
690:
662:
661:
657:
620:
615:
611:
610:
607:
606:
603:
600:
597:
590:
582:
581:
578:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
559:
556:
549:
446:
438:
436:Seseli piperitum
430:
422:
414:
407:Wight & Arn.
406:
398:
390:
382:
374:
366:
358:
350:
342:
334:
326:
318:
316:Foeniculum dulce
310:
302:
294:
286:
284:Anethum rupestre
278:
271:Roxb. ex Fleming
270:
262:
254:
246:
238:
228:
206:
81:
80:
62:
50:
49:
21:
5971:
5970:
5966:
5965:
5964:
5962:
5961:
5960:
5941:Leaf vegetables
5921:Edible Apiaceae
5901:
5900:
5899:
5894:
5886:
5881:
5873:
5871:
5863:
5861:
5853:
5848:
5840:
5838:
5830:
5825:
5817:
5812:
5804:
5799:
5791:
5786:
5778:
5773:
5765:
5760:
5752:
5747:
5739:
5736:Observation.org
5734:
5726:
5721:
5713:
5711:
5703:
5698:
5690:
5685:
5677:
5672:
5664:
5659:
5651:
5650:MichiganFlora:
5649:
5641:
5636:
5628:
5623:
5615:
5610:
5602:
5597:
5589:
5587:
5579:
5574:
5566:
5561:
5553:
5548:
5540:
5538:
5530:
5525:
5517:
5512:
5504:
5499:
5491:
5486:
5478:
5473:
5465:
5460:
5452:
5447:
5439:
5434:
5426:
5421:
5413:
5411:
5403:
5401:
5393:
5391:
5383:
5378:
5370:
5368:
5360:
5355:
5347:
5345:
5337:
5335:
5326:
5325:
5320:
5311:
5310:
5305:
5292:
5282:
5277:
5241:
5200:
5176:Tandoori masala
4923:
4800:Peruvian pepper
4688:Grains of Selim
4673:Aromatic ginger
4606:Bunium persicum
4413:
4114:
4111:
4081:
4076:
4007:Lomatium parryi
3936:Daucus pusillus
3793:
3790:Edible Apiaceae
3789:
3786:
3734:
3729:
3716:
3712:
3702:
3700:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3676:
3674:
3659:
3655:
3645:
3643:
3626:
3619:
3617:
3608:
3601:
3599:
3590:
3583:
3581:
3568:Raymoure, K.A.
3560:
3558:
3549:
3543:
3539:
3519:
3515:
3509:Perseus Project
3485:
3481:
3476:on 8 July 2012.
3460:
3456:
3446:
3444:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3419:
3405:
3398:
3390:
3378:
3371:
3361:
3359:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3329:
3327:
3314:
3313:
3309:
3299:
3297:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3277:
3275:
3260:
3243:
3239:
3229:
3227:
3209:
3205:
3195:
3193:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3165:
3163:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3131:
3129:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3101:
3099:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3071:
3069:
3054:
3050:
3040:
3038:
3029:
3028:
3021:
3011:
3009:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2981:
2979:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2951:
2949:
2936:
2935:
2928:
2918:
2916:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2890:
2886:
2875:
2871:
2864:
2850:
2846:
2836:
2834:
2833:on 14 July 2014
2821:
2820:
2816:
2806:
2804:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2772:Wayback Machine
2758:
2751:
2744:
2728:
2721:
2676:
2672:
2636:
2632:
2601:Thymus vulgaris
2593:
2589:
2534:
2530:
2514:
2510:
2503:
2487:
2480:
2470:
2468:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2440:
2438:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2410:
2408:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2376:
2374:
2357:
2356:
2349:
2345:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2196:
2168:Italian sausage
2096:
2058:and in Chinese
1960:
1875:
1870:
1828:
1815:
1802:
1789:
1776:
1763:
1750:
1737:
1725:
1695:
1682:
1674:
1666:
1657:
1649:
1640:
1632:
1623:
1616:
1587:
1576:
1571:
1548:Polyunsaturated
1538:Monounsaturated
1522:
1517:
1488:
1483:
1450:
1391:
1360:
1314:
1312:
1296:
1294:
1278:
1276:
1260:
1258:
1242:
1240:
1224:
1222:
1210:
1107:Florence fennel
1077:
1043:
989:Ferula communis
952:
941:
935:
932:
889:
887:
873:
857:
846:
844:Similar species
824:rosmarinic acid
772:
767:
766:
765:
762:
759:
750:
747:
738:
735:
726:
723:
702:
698:
697:
692:
688:
687:
667:, but thinner.
659:
655:
654:
636:
631:
613:
594:
585:
584:
553:
544:
543:
536:Florence fennel
492:species in the
490:flowering plant
477:
476:
475:
466:Without proper
451:
388:Meum foeniculum
367:Brot. ex Steud.
260:Anethum panmori
232:
231:
213:
208:
202:
189:
186:F. vulgare
75:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5969:
5959:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5896:
5895:
5893:
5892:
5888:wfo-0000691487
5879:
5869:
5859:
5846:
5836:
5823:
5810:
5797:
5784:
5771:
5758:
5745:
5732:
5719:
5709:
5696:
5683:
5670:
5657:
5647:
5634:
5621:
5608:
5595:
5585:
5572:
5559:
5546:
5536:
5523:
5510:
5497:
5484:
5471:
5458:
5445:
5432:
5419:
5409:
5399:
5389:
5376:
5366:
5353:
5343:
5333:
5318:
5302:
5300:
5294:
5293:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5249:
5247:
5246:Related topics
5243:
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5239:
5238:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5214:
5208:
5206:
5202:
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5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5106:Mulling spices
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4982:Cinnamon sugar
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4933:
4931:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4894:Voatsiperifery
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
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4777:
4772:
4771:
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4643:
4638:
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4636:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4610:
4609:
4602:
4599:Nigella sativa
4590:
4585:
4583:Coriander seed
4580:
4575:
4570:
4569:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
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4523:
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3932:
3927:
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3908:
3903:
3901:Chinese celery
3898:
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3795:
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3785:
3784:
3777:
3770:
3762:
3756:
3755:
3744:"Fennel"
3741:, ed. (1911).
3739:Chisholm, Hugh
3733:
3732:External links
3730:
3728:
3727:
3710:
3684:
3653:
3580:on 5 July 2019
3537:
3513:
3479:
3454:
3437:Tarladalal.com
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2909:Bie.ala.org.au
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2862:
2854:Joy of Cooking
2844:
2814:
2775:
2749:
2742:
2719:
2670:
2645:Food Chemistry
2630:
2611:(13): 5385–9.
2587:
2528:
2508:
2501:
2478:
2448:
2418:
2397:Down to Genus
2384:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2327:
2195:
2192:
2052:spice mixture
1959:
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1449:
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1442:Materia Medica
1390:
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1364:United Nations
1359:
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1349:United Nations
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1233:
1219:
1218:
1207:
1165:, and much of
1126:cultivar group
1076:
1073:
1042:
1039:
954:
953:
860:
858:
851:
845:
842:
816:phytochemicals
771:
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751:
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741:
739:
736:
729:
727:
724:
717:
714:
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635:
632:
630:
627:
470:, you may see
458:
457:
456:
453:
452:
450:
449:
444:Tenoria romana
441:
433:
425:
417:
409:
401:
396:Meum piperitum
393:
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55:
54:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5968:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5936:Indian spices
5934:
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5929:
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5914:
5912:
5909:
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5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5146:Ras el hanout
5144:
5142:
5141:Quatre épices
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5081:Khmeli suneli
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5061:
5060:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5027:Garlic powder
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
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4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4962:Bouquet garni
4960:
4958:
4955:
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4948:
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4728:Litsea cubeba
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4703:Juniper berry
4701:
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4529:
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4527:
4524:
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4509:
4507:
4506:Celery powder
4504:
4502:
4499:
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4337:
4335:
4332:
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4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
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4314:
4312:
4311:Lemon verbena
4309:
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4297:
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4027:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4008:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3978:
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3783:
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3698:
3694:
3688:
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3657:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3615:
3611:
3597:
3593:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3570:"ma-ra-tu-wo"
3556:
3552:
3547:
3541:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3517:
3510:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3499:Scott, Robert
3496:
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3321:
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3255:
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3207:
3191:
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3123:
3119:
3113:
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3089:
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3067:
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3003:
2999:
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2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2682:
2674:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2634:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2591:
2583:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2532:
2526:
2525:0-340-40170-2
2522:
2518:
2512:
2504:
2498:
2494:
2493:
2485:
2483:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2452:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2422:
2406:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2388:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2362:
2354:
2352:
2347:
2338:
2325:
2323:
2320:'s 1842 poem
2319:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2248:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2225:
2215:
2207:
2206:
2202:Fennel, from
2200:
2191:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2175:
2169:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2113:
2109:
2104:
2100:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2011:
2010:
2004:
2000:
1998:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1971:
1970:
1964:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1948:dietary fiber
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1930:, especially
1929:
1925:
1921:
1920:dietary fiber
1917:
1913:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1900:carbohydrates
1897:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1832:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1679:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1661:
1653:
1646:
1644:
1639:Riboflavin (B
1636:
1629:
1627:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1583:
1579:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1495:
1494:Dietary fiber
1491:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1480:Carbohydrates
1475:
1471:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1411:Mount Olympus
1408:
1400:
1395:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1350:
1346:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1322:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1304:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1286:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1268:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1250:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1232:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1204:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1159:United States
1156:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1081:
1072:
1069:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1003:
1002:
996:
994:
990:
986:
982:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
961:
950:
947:
939:
928:
925:
921:
918:
914:
911:
907:
904:
900:
897: –
896:
892:
891:Find sources:
885:
881:
877:
871:
870:
866:
861:This section
859:
855:
850:
849:
841:
839:
835:
831:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
780:volatile oils
777:
757:
752:
745:
740:
733:
728:
721:
716:
715:
711:
709:
685:
681:
677:
673:
668:
666:
652:
648:
644:
640:
626:
624:
619:
609:
588:
580:
547:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
520:
518:
517:Mediterranean
514:
511:and feathery
510:
506:
503:
499:
495:
494:carrot family
491:
487:
486:
481:
473:
469:
465:
463:
445:
442:
437:
434:
429:
426:
421:
418:
413:
410:
405:
402:
397:
394:
389:
386:
381:
378:
373:
370:
365:
362:
357:
354:
349:
346:
341:
338:
333:
330:
327:(L.) H.Karst.
325:
322:
317:
314:
309:
306:
301:
298:
293:
290:
285:
282:
277:
274:
269:
266:
261:
258:
253:
252:Anethum minus
250:
245:
242:
237:
236:Anethum dulce
234:
233:
223:
220:
216:
212:
207:
205:
199:
196:
195:Binomial name
192:
188:
187:
182:
179:
178:
175:
174:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
108:
107:
104:
103:Tracheophytes
101:
98:
95:
94:
91:
88:
85:
84:
79:
74:
70:
65:
61:
56:
51:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
5297:
5126:Powder-douce
5116:Panch phoron
5086:Lemon pepper
5022:Garam masala
5012:Fines herbes
4992:Curry powder
4972:Chaat masala
4851:
4830:Sarsaparilla
4790:Onion powder
4738:Mango-ginger
4623:
4604:
4597:
4531:Chili powder
4316:
4306:Lemon myrtle
4263:
4259:
4214:
4213:Vietnamese (
4163:
4127:
4071:Sium sisarum
4069:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4041:
4024:
4017:
4005:
3998:
3991:
3979:
3974:
3967:
3960:
3953:
3946:
3934:
3924:Cryptotaenia
3922:
3915:
3888:
3881:
3844:
3837:
3825:
3813:
3801:
3748:
3720:
3713:
3701:. Retrieved
3687:
3675:. Retrieved
3666:
3656:
3644:. Retrieved
3631:
3618:. Retrieved
3600:. Retrieved
3582:. Retrieved
3578:the original
3573:
3559:. Retrieved
3540:
3516:
3502:
3482:
3474:the original
3467:
3457:
3445:. Retrieved
3436:
3427:
3408:
3388:the original
3382:
3360:. Retrieved
3349:
3340:
3328:. Retrieved
3324:the original
3319:
3310:
3298:. Retrieved
3288:
3276:. Retrieved
3248:
3240:
3228:. Retrieved
3219:
3206:
3194:. Retrieved
3185:
3176:
3164:. Retrieved
3153:
3142:
3130:. Retrieved
3121:
3112:
3100:. Retrieved
3091:
3082:
3070:. Retrieved
3061:
3051:
3039:. Retrieved
3010:. Retrieved
3002:Calflora.org
3001:
2992:
2980:. Retrieved
2971:
2962:
2950:. Retrieved
2941:
2917:. Retrieved
2908:
2899:
2891:
2887:
2878:
2872:
2853:
2847:
2835:. Retrieved
2831:the original
2826:
2817:
2805:. Retrieved
2791:
2785:
2778:
2762:
2732:
2685:
2679:
2673:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2633:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2590:
2545:
2541:
2531:
2516:
2511:
2491:
2469:. Retrieved
2460:
2451:
2439:. Retrieved
2431:Calflora.org
2430:
2421:
2409:. Retrieved
2398:
2394:
2387:
2375:. Retrieved
2366:
2360:
2328:
2316:
2303:
2297:
2287:
2280:
2269:
2264:
2244:
2223:
2213:
2211:
2203:
2188:
2183:
2171:
2165:
2142:
2115:
2105:
2063:
2055:panch phoron
2053:
2015:
2007:
1994:
1975:
1967:
1926:and several
1908:
1893:
1851:
1846:
1721:
1716:
1709:
1612:
1607:
1600:
1566:
1512:
1478:
1453:Fennel seeds
1419:
1403:
1361:
1335:
1330:
1187:allelopathic
1152:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1121:
1117:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1086:
1053:
1044:
1034:
1030:
1022:
1018:
1016:
1005:
999:
997:
992:
988:
985:Giant fennel
983:
964:
957:
942:
933:
923:
916:
909:
902:
890:
874:Please help
862:
840:properties.
838:insecticidal
833:
832:
808:1-octen-3-ol
773:
737:Flower heads
669:
638:
637:
539:
535:
521:
507:with yellow
484:
483:
479:
478:
459:
443:
435:
427:
420:Seseli dulce
419:
415:E.H.L.Krause
411:
403:
395:
391:(L.) Spreng.
387:
379:
371:
363:
355:
347:
339:
331:
323:
315:
307:
299:
291:
283:
275:
267:
259:
251:
243:
235:
203:
201:
185:
184:
172:
135:
122:
109:
96:
47:
31:
5780:kew-2813604
5674:NatureServe
5576:iNaturalist
5322:Wikispecies
5225:Bangladeshi
5156:Sharena sol
5151:Recado rojo
5136:Qâlat daqqa
5096:Mixed spice
5032:Garlic salt
4997:Doubanjiang
4733:Long pepper
4693:Horseradish
4511:Celery seed
4384:Sanshō leaf
4301:Lemon grass
4043:Perideridia
3987:Leaf celery
3544:On tablets
3196:27 February
3102:24 February
3041:10 November
2807:10 December
2267:Old English
2247:ma-ra-tu-wo
2097: [
2026:Middle East
2018:Afghanistan
1997:toothpastes
1912:Daily Value
1622:Thiamine (B
1415:Charlemagne
1373:. In 2014,
1161:, southern
1155:naturalized
1075:Cultivation
1047:Old English
820:polyphenols
629:Description
383:(L.) Crantz
351:(Roxb.) DC.
116:Angiosperms
5905:Categories
5862:WisFlora:
5775:Plant List
5402:Calflora:
5263:Marination
5258:Herbal tea
5220:Australian
5216:By region
5191:Yuzu koshō
5181:Thuna paha
5121:Persillade
4874:Tonka bean
4810:Poppy seed
4718:Dried lime
4641:Fingerroot
4556:New Mexico
4464:Asafoetida
4296:Lemon balm
4254:Hoja santa
4234:Curry leaf
3857:Asafoetida
3821:Alexanders
3703:16 January
3166:8 November
3132:8 November
2651:: 619–25.
2548:: 842674.
2471:19 January
2441:19 January
2377:22 January
2343:References
2294:Portuguese
2260:Prometheus
2180:herbal tea
2024:, and the
1924:B vitamins
1783:Phosphorus
1407:Prometheus
1358:Production
1209:Production
1118:F. vulgare
1101:star anise
1062:faeniculum
1051:Old French
936:April 2024
906:newspapers
834:F. vulgare
822:, such as
684:schizocarp
496:. It is a
173:Foeniculum
5532:200015555
5519:200015555
5501:FloraBase
5412:Cal-IPC:
5372:232-40-1a
5273:Spice rub
5268:Seasoning
5235:Pakistani
5066:Idli podi
5037:Gochujang
4987:Crab boil
4904:Yuzu zest
4835:Sassafras
4723:Liquorice
4629:Fenugreek
4566:Cultivars
4026:Osmorhiza
3911:Coriander
3852:Arracacha
3677:18 August
3527: in
3391:(English)
2972:Bonap.net
2714:103935770
2706:1935-5130
2692:: 43–71.
2564:2314-6133
2238:Mycenaean
2161:marinated
1944:manganese
1940:magnesium
1914:, DV) of
1796:Potassium
1770:Manganese
1757:Magnesium
1689:Vitamin C
1673:Vitamin B
1656:Niacin (B
1528:Saturated
1448:Nutrition
1371:coriander
1171:Australia
1142:finocchio
1134:cultivars
1093:liquorice
1041:Etymology
970:coriander
863:does not
814:). Other
788:estragole
770:Chemistry
682:is a dry
643:perennial
623:vegetable
540:finocchio
502:perennial
439:Koso-Pol.
431:Koso-Pol.
423:Koso-Pol.
375:(L.) Roth
180:Species:
86:Kingdom:
5911:Absinthe
5850:VicFlora
5839:VASCAN:
5827:Tropicos
5679:2.159195
5617:11426304
5604:136027-1
5449:eFloraSA
5392:BioLib:
5307:Wikidata
5212:Culinary
5186:Vadouvan
5161:Shichimi
5059:Húng lìu
4879:Turmeric
4864:Tamarind
4713:Korarima
4646:Galangal
4614:Deulkkae
4573:Cinnamon
4551:Jalapeño
4541:Chipotle
4489:Cardamom
4442:Allspice
4409:Woodruff
4399:Tarragon
4364:Rosemary
4329:Marjoram
4291:Lavender
4286:Kkaennip
4224:Culantro
4208:Bolivian
4157:Bay leaf
4129:Angelica
4000:Lomatium
3917:Crithmum
3872:Celeriac
3697:Archived
3671:Archived
3661:Hesiod.
3646:19 March
3640:Archived
3620:19 March
3614:Archived
3602:19 March
3596:Archived
3584:19 March
3561:19 March
3555:Archived
3441:Archived
3356:Archived
3300:10 April
3272:Archived
3268:30844154
3230:28 March
3224:Archived
3214:(2024).
3190:Archived
3160:Archived
3126:Archived
3096:Archived
3066:Archived
3035:Archived
3006:Archived
2976:Archived
2952:23 April
2946:Archived
2913:Archived
2768:Archived
2761:Fennel (
2665:26471600
2625:15969523
2582:25162032
2465:Archived
2435:Archived
2411:24 March
2405:Archived
2371:Archived
2256:Theogony
2253:Hesiod's
2243:form as
2241:Linear B
2224:marathos
2214:marathon
2157:blanched
2042:Assamese
1978:culinary
1966:Chinese
1852:Quantity
1717:Quantity
1711:Minerals
1608:Quantity
1602:Vitamins
1434:brännvin
1422:absinthe
1383:Bulgaria
1267:Bulgaria
1235:584,000
1206:Country
1183:riparian
1122:azoricum
1097:anethole
1035:Lomatium
1031:Lomatium
1023:Lomatium
1019:Lomatium
1014:family.
1007:Lomatium
960:Apiaceae
895:"Fennel"
828:luteolin
812:mushroom
804:limonene
792:fenchone
784:anethole
776:aromatic
708:pericarp
647:glaucous
614:Italian:
532:absinthe
229:Synonymy
219:Synonyms
162:Apiaceae
158:Family:
142:Asterids
129:Eudicots
5832:1700130
5705:2849586
5661:MoBotPF
5555:3034922
5436:Ecocrop
5196:Za'atar
5091:Mitmita
5042:Harissa
4957:Berbere
4947:Baharat
4914:Zereshk
4909:Zedoary
4889:Vanilla
4852:huājiāo
4825:Saffron
4815:Radhuni
4795:Paprika
4780:Njangsa
4775:Nigella
4753:Mustard
4651:greater
4561:Tabasco
4536:Cayenne
4516:Charoli
4484:Caraway
4479:Camphor
4447:Amchoor
4359:Perilla
4354:Parsley
4349:Oregano
4344:Mitsuba
4339:Mugwort
4264:giấp cá
4244:Epazote
4215:rau răm
4181:Chervil
4037:Parsnip
4032:Parsley
3896:Chervil
3862:Caraway
3529:Liddell
3523:Μαραθών
3507:at the
3489:μάραθον
3447:1 March
3362:7 March
3330:29 July
3278:21 June
3072:1 March
3012:1 March
2982:1 March
2919:1 March
2837:24 June
2573:4137549
2395:Plantae
2312:Funchal
2290:Madeira
2229:μάραθος
2219:μάραθον
2194:Culture
2153:braised
2112:Lebanon
2065:mukhwas
2046:Bengali
2030:nigella
2009:mukhwas
2006:Indian
1958:Cuisine
1950:), 15%
1932:calcium
1916:protein
1896:protein
1803:1694 mg
1751:18.5 mg
1738:1196 mg
1731:Calcium
1683:0.47 mg
1650:0.35 mg
1633:0.41 mg
1568:Protein
1438:akvavit
1347:of the
1345:FAOSTAT
1336:970,404
1325:27,668
1307:29,251
1289:32,771
1271:36,500
1253:48,002
1138:Italian
1124:) is a
1089:aniseed
1012:parsley
978:caraway
920:scholar
884:removed
869:sources
800:camphor
701:⁄
691:⁄
672:flowers
658:⁄
524:cooking
509:flowers
488:) is a
399:Schult.
359:C.Presl
311:Griseb.
287:Salisb.
168:Genus:
152:Apiales
148:Order:
90:Plantae
53:Fennel
5956:Spices
5788:PLANTS
5754:498475
5712:NZOR:
5666:275990
5568:300219
5542:FOEVUL
5539:FoIO:
5493:151281
5467:585008
5380:ARKive
5369:APSA:
5349:154796
5346:APDB:
5336:AoFP:
5313:Q43511
5230:Indian
5047:Hawaij
5002:Douchi
4977:Chaunk
4942:Advieh
4937:Adjika
4929:Blends
4899:Wasabi
4840:Sesame
4785:Nutmeg
4748:Mahleb
4743:Mastic
4678:Golpar
4668:Ginger
4663:Garlic
4656:lesser
4624:Fennel
4521:Chenpi
4501:Cassia
4432:Ajwain
4427:Aonori
4419:Spices
4394:Sorrel
4379:Savory
4324:Lovage
4271:Hyssop
4198:Cicely
4186:Chives
4176:Borage
4164:tejpat
4013:Lovage
3975:Fennel
3906:Cicely
3877:Celery
3867:Carrot
3809:Ajwain
3415:
3266:
3256:
2860:
2765:Mill.)
2740:
2712:
2704:
2663:
2623:
2580:
2570:
2562:
2523:
2499:
2299:funcho
2272:finule
2208:(1887)
2184:tisane
2078:jiaozi
2070:comfit
1990:celery
1986:shoots
1809:Sodium
1790:487 mg
1777:6.5 mg
1764:385 mg
1667:6.1 mg
1575:15.8 g
1521:14.9 g
1464:Energy
1430:France
1426:Europe
1318:
1303:Mexico
1300:
1282:
1264:
1246:
1228:
1214:tonnes
1177:and a
1163:Canada
1068:faenum
1054:fenoil
1004:) and
993:Ferula
976:, and
974:ajwain
922:
915:
908:
901:
893:
761:Fruits
676:umbels
651:leaves
634:Botany
513:leaves
480:Fennel
335:Lojac.
303:Gilib.
5931:Herbs
5872:WoI:
5819:24472
5723:NZPCN
5643:29509
5630:24271
5612:IRMNG
5588:IPA:
5581:53052
5488:EUNIS
5480:FOEVU
5428:6JBPX
5395:40303
5362:99449
5205:Lists
5171:Tajin
5166:Tabil
5007:Duqqa
4967:Buknu
4884:Uzazi
4859:Sumac
4845:Shiso
4768:white
4763:brown
4758:black
4708:Kokum
4593:Cumin
4588:Cubeb
4578:Clove
4526:Chili
4494:black
4452:Anise
4404:Thyme
4389:Shiso
4276:Jimbu
4229:Cress
4171:Boldo
4150:Lemon
4135:Basil
4120:Herbs
3930:Cumin
3833:Anise
3533:Scott
2710:S2CID
2688:(1).
2363:Mill"
2296:word
2251:. In
2222:) or
2143:Many
2139:cream
2119:ijjeh
2108:Syria
2101:]
2084:, or
2082:baozi
2050:Oriya
1982:spice
1898:, 7%
1861:8.8 g
1858:Water
1816:88 mg
1696:21 mg
1552:1.7 g
1542:9.9 g
1532:0.5 g
1379:China
1375:India
1331:World
1321:Syria
1249:China
1231:India
1140:name
1120:var.
1058:Latin
1049:from
1017:Most
927:JSTOR
913:books
749:Umbel
680:fruit
641:is a
528:anise
498:hardy
319:Mill.
295:Mill.
279:Ucria
263:Roxb.
255:Gouan
211:Mill.
136:Clade
123:Clade
110:Clade
97:Clade
5865:8249
5842:2579
5801:POWO
5793:FOVU
5762:PfaF
5741:6793
5728:3953
5700:NCBI
5638:ITIS
5599:IPNI
5591:5648
5563:GRIN
5550:GBIF
5506:6221
5475:EPPO
5441:1107
5405:3603
5357:APNI
5339:1767
4919:Zest
4820:Rose
4634:blue
4457:star
4374:Sage
4334:Mint
4249:Hemp
4239:Dill
4145:Thai
4140:Holy
3942:Dill
3705:2013
3679:2019
3648:2014
3622:2014
3604:2014
3586:2014
3563:2014
3531:and
3449:2022
3413:ISBN
3364:2017
3332:2015
3302:2024
3280:2024
3264:PMID
3254:ISBN
3232:2024
3198:2021
3168:2017
3134:2017
3104:2022
3074:2022
3043:2017
3014:2022
2984:2022
2954:2022
2921:2022
2858:ISBN
2839:2014
2809:2017
2738:ISBN
2702:ISSN
2661:PMID
2621:PMID
2578:PMID
2560:ISSN
2546:2014
2521:ISBN
2497:ISBN
2473:2021
2443:2021
2413:2015
2379:2023
2178:. A
2149:fish
2137:dill
2135:and
2110:and
2086:pies
2074:paan
2036:and
2022:Iran
1969:bing
1942:and
1936:iron
1829:4 mg
1822:Zinc
1775:283%
1749:103%
1744:Iron
1498:40 g
1487:52 g
1389:Uses
1381:and
1285:Iran
1179:weed
1169:and
1167:Asia
1130:bulb
1115:syn.
966:Dill
899:news
867:any
865:cite
826:and
798:and
796:mint
786:and
774:The
670:The
665:dill
505:herb
343:All.
5883:WFO
5875:106
5814:RHS
5687:NBN
5653:123
5625:ISC
5527:FoC
5514:FNA
5462:EoL
5423:CoL
4369:Rue
3220:FDA
2694:doi
2653:doi
2649:194
2613:doi
2568:PMC
2550:doi
2306:-al
2265:As
2182:or
2159:or
2145:egg
2133:cod
2092:or
1952:fat
1904:fat
1827:36%
1801:56%
1788:39%
1762:92%
1736:92%
1722:%DV
1694:23%
1681:28%
1665:38%
1648:27%
1631:34%
1613:%DV
1514:Fat
1091:or
878:by
802:),
538:or
239:DC.
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3665:.
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3612:.
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2099:zh
2080:,
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1992:.
1938:,
1934:,
1922:,
1918:,
1906:.
1814:4%
972:,
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