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376:; the doric frieze having no structural function, would have been placed in front of the wooden beams that supported the roof. However, excavations under the treasury building now suggest that this was built much too late to have been where the early metopes were displayed. Current archaeological research now suggests that the early metopes adorned an earlier temple on the site, referred to as "Hera I".
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reconstructed. They would have decorated a much earlier building that was lost to renovations at the site. Once it was thought that these early metopes came from a rectangular building presumed to be a treasury, but excavations demonstrated that the treasury was built much too late for the style of the reliefs. The metopes of this early group depict episodes from the
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are strongly projecting and are the same size as the metopes. The indentations visible on the rear of the metopes show that they were inserted between the triglyphs after the installation of the wooden beams. According to an archaeologist describing them, Roland Martin, these thirty-eight metopes of
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The local stone is coarse and not suitable for carving detail. If only for this reason the figures in the reliefs are lightly modelled and relatively flat, but around their outlines the stone has been deeply cut back. Some have only the outline deeply carved, with the figures blank and flat. These
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During the Middle Ages most of the stones were scavanged for use elsewhere as building materials or for other purposes. At one point, the best surviving pieces, including approximately 70 sixth-century metope reliefs, were excavated and moved to a museum at
Paestum and very little was left at the
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have been recovered during excavations. They had been broken up, often into small fragments, and had to be pieced back together like a jigsaw puzzle. Thirty-eight of these belong to a more ancient group (second half of the sixth century) and must have decorated buildings that cannot now be
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A first deposit was found near the temple and was made up of five ditches lined by stone slabs and covered with stone as well. These artefacts were deposited between the sixth and second centuries BC. Some evidence of burning relates to the sacrifices offered at the times of the burials.
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Construction at the complex is dated from the sixth to at least the third centuries BC. The sanctuary included a Greek temple and other buildings. It was located in the countryside rather than in an urban development and may have included buildings to accommodate pilgrims.
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may have been unfinished, or intended only to be painted. It is likely that all the reliefs were painted in bright colours. The muscularity of the figures is comparable to the style of sculptures from
Sybaris, from which the members of the founding colony had migrated.
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at the end of the fifth century BC, the sanctuary reached its highest cultural peak, with the reuse of more ancient materials for the construction of new buildings: a new portico and then a meeting house. At a certain distance, a square building was built, in which many
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statuettes of the goddess) that were buried some time after being left at the shrine. A large portion of these votives are on display at the site of the sanctuary in the Museo
Narrante del Santuario di Hera alla Foce del Sele, located in a reconstructed farm house (the
383:, which was built in 1950 to house these discoveries and those from Paestum. Their arrangement in the museum follows the presumption at that time of an early treasury building and as they were thought to have decorated it, rather than an early temple.
226:. The weaving building was destroyed and a wall was built around the sacred area. The sanctuary survived in a slow decline until the second century AD. The area silted up and eventually memory of the site was lost beyond the local area.
151:, however, described the location of the sanctuary as being on the opposite bank of the river. The path of the river changed with time as well. Finally, the site was discovered and confirmed the ancient reports of its existence.
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Initially cult activities must have been performed in the open, in a sacred area equipped with an altar and bounded by porticos for hosting pilgrims. At the end of the sixth century, a grand temple was built, which probably was
118:
Although the existence of the sanctuary is reported by ancient historical sources, for a long time its location was not corroborated by other evidence. Differing ancient references made the rediscovery of the remains difficult.
327:, reflecting the emphasis of the sanctuary cult on marriage. These date from around 510 BC. In the second group each figure panel was a separate piece of stone. Some panels from both groups are very badly worn.
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The identification of some subjects among the metopes and the extent to which the ensemble reflects a coherent programme, have continued to be discussed by scholars as excavations reveal more accurate evidence.
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on the left and a relief panel with figures on the right, all on a single piece of stone. The more recent group of approximately thirty metopes from the main or second temple, depict young maidens dancing in
203:
weights have been found. Based upon the known cultural traditions of the time and these, it is theorised that in this building during each year, women about to be married would weave a new
175:. They dedicated the sanctuary to Argive Hera, the Greek goddess of women and marriage, as well as of navigation. At that time, the Sele River represented a boundary between Greek and
334:
Although the three main Greek temples at
Paestum are still standing, none of them had sculpted reliefs resembling these; perhaps painted scenes, now lost, substituted for them.
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objects, dating from burials between the fourth and second centuries BC. Some coins from the second century AD that were deposited in a flood were also found there.
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A second deposit consisting of one large ditch also was discovered. It contained approximately six thousand artefacts, including terracotta statues and small
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88:. Due to the deposition of alluvial sediment by the river, the site now is approximately 2.3 km (1.4 mi) from the modern coast.
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of the goddess at an annual procession. Among the artefacts found at the sanctuary is a marble statue of Hera, seated on a throne with a
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80:. When built, the complex was located at the mouth of the Sele, approximately 8 km (5.0 mi) north of the Greek city of
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237:(Madonna of the Pomegranate), whose cult in the vicinity of the sanctuary recalls the depiction of Hera with the pomegranate.
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A modern "museo narrante" has been built at the site with video displays to explain and project reconstructions of the site.
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Artefacts found during excavations of the sanctuary have included a large number of buried
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and he described the location of the
Sanctuary of Argive Hera at the northern border of
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The ancient sanctuary was founded at the beginning of the sixth century BC by the
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Most of the early group of metopes were carved in sections, consisting of a
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The sanctuary was brought to light by the excavations of the archaeologists
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The remains of the sanctuary to Argive Hera at the mouth of the Sele,
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Dancing maidens from the later group of metope reliefs, c. 510 BC
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original site other than the lowest courses of the buildings.
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The cult of Hera survived through all of these changes in a
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colony at
Paestum who originally were from further south at
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The Museo
Narrante del Santuario di Hera alla Foce del Sele
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After the takeover of
Paestum and the area by the local
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Museo
Narrante del Santuario di Hera alla Foce del Sele
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Buildings and structures in the
Province of Salerno
553:The Frieze from the Hera I Temple at Foce del Sele
489:The Art and Culture of Early Greece, 1100-480 B.C.
1134:6th-century BC religious buildings and structures
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540:"The Sanctuary at the mouth of the River Sele"
123:, attributed the foundation of the complex to
68:") is an archaeological site consisting of an
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562:; Martin, Roland; François, Villard (1969).
91:The site is in the modern Italian comune of
1109:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Italy
72:sanctuary complex dedicated to the goddess
653:
639:
45:Early metope sections as displayed in the
582:. Roma: Istituto Poligrafico dello Stato.
381:National Archaeological Museum of Paestum
47:National Archaeological Museum of Paestum
27:Archaeological site in southwestern Italy
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350:the older period would have decorated a
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218:In 273 BC, the area was absorbed by the
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95:, some 40 km (25 mi) south of
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40:
29:
84:that was famous for its three standing
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64:(English "Heraion at the mouth of the
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187:(with a facade of eight columns) and
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501:The Oxford History of Classical Art
469:The Oxford History of Classical Art
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267:, among the early group of metopes
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564:La Grecia arcaica: (620-480 a.C.)
1139:Archaeological sites in Campania
1051:Heraion at the mouth of the Sele
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135:, on the left bank of the river
976:Flavian Amphitheater (Pozzuoli)
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207:dress that was offered to the
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127:during the expedition of the
222:, who turned Paestum into a
163:Remains of an altar-platform
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555:by Frances Dodds Van Keuren
379:The metopes are now in the
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580:Heraion alla Foce del Sele
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920:Catacombs of San Gaudioso
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1104:Temples in Magna Graecia
925:Catacombs of San Gennaro
799:Santa Maria Capua Vetere
661:Archaeological sites in
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362:facade with two columns
62:Heraion at Foce del Sele
36:Heraion at Foce del Sele
804:Arch of Hadrian (Capua)
248:between 1934 and 1940.
1129:Paestum (ancient city)
1083:Villa Romana of Minori
576:Umberto Zanotti Bianco
572:Paola Zancani Montuoro
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283:Approximately seventy
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246:Paola Zancani Montuoro
242:Umberto Zanotti Bianco
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1061:Second Temple of Hera
821:Sant'Angelo in Formis
809:Amphitheatre of Capua
726:Province of Benevento
487:Hurwitt, Jeffrey M.,
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991:Macellum of Pozzuoli
671:Province of Avellino
549:, www.paestum.org.uk
503:, p. 48, 1993, OUP,
471:, p. 48, 1993, OUP,
179:areas of influence.
1033:Province of Salerno
1013:Castello Barbarossa
881:Villa of the Papyri
771:Province of Caserta
617:40.4885°N 14.9697°E
613: /
414:masseria Procuriali
307:, and the lives of
235:Madonna del Granato
942:Macellum of Naples
930:Crypta Neapolitana
846:Province of Naples
831:Trebula Balliensis
566:. Milano: Rizzoli.
560:Charbonneaux, Jean
545:2019-05-01 at the
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114:Ancient references
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39:
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1066:Tomb of the Diver
898:Piscina Mirabilis
869:Grotta di Cocceio
520:Jean Charbonneaux
143:from the city of
16:(Redirected from
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1056:Temple of Athena
1023:Villa Boscoreale
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18:Foce del Sele
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910:Aqua Augusta
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76:in what was
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1041:Monte Pruno
1018:Villa Jovis
876:Herculaneum
620: /
452:, from the
275:Suicide of
213:pomegranate
209:cult statue
1098:Categories
608:14°58′11″E
605:40°29′19″N
509:0198143869
491:, p. 283,
477:0198143869
409:terracotta
325:bas-relief
305:Trojan War
189:peripteral
82:Poseidonia
66:River Sele
816:Casilinum
734:Benevento
446:Geography
356:Thesauros
347:triglyphs
292:sandstone
265:Alcyoneus
185:octastyle
129:Argonauts
1008:Suessula
971:Pozzuoli
949:Oplontis
888:Liternum
826:Sinuessa
761:Saticula
679:Aeclanum
663:Campania
578:(1951).
543:Archived
443:Strabo,
407:(mostly
365:in antis
352:Treasury
339:Temple C
320:triglyph
301:Heracles
261:Heracles
177:Etruscan
1119:Cilento
1046:Paestum
1003:Stabiae
966:Pompeii
789:Calatia
779:Allifae
751:Caudium
449:. 6.1.
343:Selinus
313:Orestes
288:reliefs
252:Metopes
224:colonia
173:Sybaris
155:History
145:Paestum
133:Lucania
97:Salerno
905:Naples
893:Miseno
854:Atella
836:Vescia
784:Ausona
689:Compsa
507:
475:
425:bronze
345:, the
303:, the
285:metope
263:kills
205:peplos
141:stades
121:Strabo
1078:Velia
864:Cumae
859:Baiae
794:Cales
499:ed.,
467:ed.,
431:Notes
374:antae
370:Ionic
360:Doric
309:Jason
169:Greek
125:Jason
505:ISBN
473:ISBN
311:and
277:Ajax
244:and
201:loom
137:Sele
74:Hera
60:The
416:).
341:at
299:of
1100::
574:;
522:;
495:;
315:.
147:.
99:.
654:e
647:t
640:v
354:(
20:)
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