201:
858:
366:
186:
227:) River valley, under a series of monetary conventions starting in 1354, initially at a standard practically identical to the Florentine florin (98% gold, 3.54 grams). By 1419, the weight had been slightly reduced (to 3.51 grams) and the alloy was substantially reduced (to 79% gold). By 1626, the alloy had been slightly reduced again (to 77% gold), while the weight was more substantially reduced (to 3.240 grams). In 1409, the Rheingulden standard (at the time 91.7% gold) was adopted for the Holy Roman Empire's
1214:
352:
38:
1203:
831:
46:
123:
and the florin often overlapped; where the lira was used for smaller transactions (wages, food purchases), the florin was for larger transactions such as those used in dowries, international trade or for tax-related matters.
79:) of nominally pure or 'fine' gold with a purchasing power difficult to estimate (and variable) but ranging according to social grouping and perspective from approximately 140 to 1,000 modern
117:
gold coin struck in sufficient quantities since the 7th century to play a significant commercial role. The florin was recognised across large parts of Europe. The territorial usage of the
289:
carats) – and more recently (minted between 1849-1967 although circulating alongside the decimal ten pence coin until 1993 when it was withdrawn due to a resizing) relating to a
819:
780:
1399:
788:
177:, an early Christian king and patron saint of Hungary, and a battle axe substituted for the original's sceptre. Gradually the image became more regal looking.
138:
In the 14th century, about a 150 European states and local coin-issuing authorities made their own copies of the florin. The most important of these was the
173:
devices were substituted for the fleur-de-lis. Later, other figures were often substituted for St. John. On the
Hungarian forints, St. John was re-labelled
812:
169:. On other countries' florins, the inscriptions were changed (from "Florentia" around the fleur, and the name of the saint on the other), and local
805:
797:
887:
769:
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290:
1587:
1217:
71:) struck from 1252 to 1533 with no significant change in its design or metal content standard during that time. It had 54
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began to contribute to the supply in the 16th and 17th centuries, most of the gold used in Europe came from
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301:
127:
The first minting of the florin occurred in 1252. At the time the value of the florin was equal to the
1394:
1227:
1177:
847:
396:
194:
100:
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1572:
1349:
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31:
17:
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8:
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is also known as a florin. Originally valued at six shillings, it was composed of 108
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1488:
1354:
1238:
1116:
882:
752:
733:
714:
661:
651:
565:
Dye's coin encyclopædia: a complete illustrated history of the coins of the world ...
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190:
185:
223:, minted by several German states encompassing the commercial centers of the Rhein (
50:
1567:
1532:
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1246:
1222:
1136:
877:
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162:
139:
30:
This article is about the historical coinage called "florin". For other uses, see
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993:
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72:
91:), the floral emblem of the city, which is represented at the head of the coin.
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badge of the city on one side and on the other a standing and facing figure of
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The realm of St. Stephen : a history of medieval
Hungary, 895-1526
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was borrowed elsewhere in Europe. A variant of the florin was the
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The design of the original
Florentine florins was the distinctive
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308:
37:
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953:
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151:
114:
45:
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438:, which mentions florins being used in the year MCCL (1250).
304:(abbreviation 2/-) worth 24 pence or one-tenth of a pound.
258:
119:
64:
543:(reprint of second ed.). New York: Augustus Kelley.
470:
Il paradosso francescano tra povertĂ e societĂ di mercato
146:
was a major source of
European gold (until mining in the
1268:
497:
Hollingsworth, Mary (2017). "A Note to the Reader".
347:
333:in 1943 and was withdrawn from use on 1 June 1994.
27:Gold coin and currency of the Republic of Florence
204:Gold florin or "Philippus goudgulden", struck in
1559:
131:, but by 1500 the florin had appreciated; seven
708:
746:
727:
329:) was minted between 1928 and 1943; it became
1254:
813:
496:
523:
580:
561:
324:
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820:
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524:Horner, Susan; Horner, Joanna B. (1884).
466:
447:
261:) of gold with a purity of 23 carats and
189:Gold florin or "Beiersgulden", struck in
586:
199:
184:
44:
36:
14:
1560:
835:Historic currency and coinage of Italy
618:). Signed on 16 September 1993 by
555:
83:. The name of the coin comes from the
1242:
801:
643:
450:Le monete della repubblica fiorentina
751:. Royal Historical Society, London.
730:Money and its use in medieval Europe
492:
490:
767:The Economy of Renaissance Florence
24:
568:Bradley & company. p. 761
528:. Vol. 2. Smith. p. 125.
526:Walks in Florence and Its Environs
436:Ricordanze di S. Maria di Cafaggio
41:The back of an Italian florin coin
25:
1604:
949:Coinage of the Republic of Venice
893:Greek coinage of Italy and Sicily
774:
614:Coinage (Calling In) Order 1993 (
588:Palgrave, Sir Robert Harry Inglis
541:The History of Currency 1252–1894
487:
242:, which means florijn (florin).
1213:
1212:
1201:
944:Coinage of the Republic of Siena
856:
829:
688:Society for Creative Anachronism
364:
350:
675:
637:
593:Dictionary of political economy
473:. EffatĂ Editrice. p. 98.
302:two shilling (or two bob) "bit"
732:. Cambridge University Press.
626:. Statutory Instrument of the
608:
596:. Macmillan and Co. p. 82
532:
517:
460:
441:
428:
180:
109:(gold florin) was used in the
13:
1:
1301:Netherlands Antillean guilder
786:History of the British Florin
749:Handbook of Medieval Exchange
422:
1188:Commemorative coins of Italy
315:coin (worth one-tenth of an
7:
1588:Obsolete Italian currencies
781:Money museum:Fiorino d'Oro
343:
340:is named after the florin.
10:
1609:
467:Bazzicchi, Oreste (2011).
98:
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29:
1514:
1497:
1481:
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1395:Netherlands Indies gulden
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1283:
1228:Economic history of Italy
1196:
1178:Coins of the Italian lira
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888:Coinage of the Social War
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848:History of coins in Italy
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448:Bernocchi, Mario (1976).
397:History of coins in Italy
247:coin first issued in 1344
101:History of coins in Italy
1407:Dutch New Guinean gulden
1385:Lombardo-Venetian florin
1072:Lombardo-Venetian florin
765:Richard A. Goldthwaite,
711:Coins of Medieval Europe
709:Philip Grierson (1991).
392:Florin (Australian coin)
238:is symbolized as Fl. or
135:amounted to one florin.
1350:British Guianan guilder
1322:Austro-Hungarian florin
747:Peter Spufford (1986).
728:Peter Spufford (1988).
650:. London: I.B. Tauris.
32:Florin (disambiguation)
1077:Lombardo-Venetian lira
454:Leo S. Olschki Editore
325:
212:
197:
53:
42:
1473:Florin (Italian coin)
1463:Florin (English coin)
1458:Florin (British coin)
683:"Ian Cnulle's Florin"
630:. Retrieved from
628:Government of Ireland
251:Edward III of England
203:
188:
75:(3.499 grams, 0.1125
48:
40:
1578:Republic of Florence
624:Minister for Finance
616:S.I. No. 270 of 1993
562:John S. Dye (1883).
539:W. A. Shaw (1967) .
163:St. John the Baptist
111:Republic of Florence
1583:Medieval currencies
1468:Florin (Irish coin)
1427:South German Gulden
1400:Japanese occupation
1370:East African florin
644:Engel, Pál (2001).
291:British pre-decimal
1442:WĂĽrttemberg Gulden
1432:Surinamese guilder
1183:Italian euro coins
1152:Two Sicilies ducat
1097:Neapolitan piastra
791:2013-05-24 at the
632:Irish Statute Book
372:Numismatics portal
300:) also known as a
213:
198:
144:Kingdom of Hungary
113:and was the first
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43:
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1489:Caribbean guilder
1451:As a denomination
1355:Conventionsgulden
1236:
1235:
1117:Piedmontese scudo
883:Coinage of Suessa
713:. Seaby, London.
696:on 11 August 2017
510:978-1-78669-151-4
480:978-88-7402-665-4
452:. Vol. III.
16:(Redirected from
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873:Coinage of Cales
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1092:Neapolitan lira
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1046:Venetian grosso
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758:0-86193-105-X
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739:0-521-37590-8
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720:1-85264-058-8
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657:1-4175-4080-X
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456:. p. 66.
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1168:Italian lira
1161:Contemporary
969:Genoese lira
963:
766:
748:
729:
710:
698:. Retrieved
694:the original
686:
676:Bibliography
646:
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620:Bertie Ahern
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598:. Retrieved
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570:. Retrieved
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462:
449:
443:
435:
430:
358:Money portal
335:
323:inscription
306:
245:The English
244:
233:
229:Reichsgulden
216:
214:
159:fleur-de-lis
156:
137:
132:
128:
126:
118:
106:
104:
84:
68:
67:(in Italian
60:
55:
1505:Florin sign
1284:Circulating
1147:Tuscan lira
1122:Roman scudo
1112:Parman lira
1082:Luccan lira
600:22 February
572:22 February
383: [
331:cupronickel
317:Irish pound
311:, a silver
294:silver coin
275:grains (or
221:Rheingulden
181:Other coins
77:troy ounces
63:was a gold
1593:Gold coins
1562:Categories
1278:or similar
1270:Currencies
1107:Papal lira
1067:Cagliarese
924:Augustalis
500:The Medici
423:References
165:wearing a
99:See also:
81:US dollars
58:Florentine
1021:Quattrino
1011:Pierreale
1004:Benevento
934:Bolognino
257:(6.99828
215:The term
206:Dordrecht
148:New World
1522:Groschen
1482:Proposed
1218:Category
1041:Tornesel
999:Adelchis
979:Gigliato
974:Genovino
919:Agontano
912:Medieval
841:Overview
789:Archived
700:11 March
666:56676014
590:(1912).
549:67020086
434:See the
344:See also
171:heraldic
115:European
1568:Guilder
1533:Pfennig
1315:Defunct
1173:AM-Lira
959:Ducaton
939:Cavallo
929:Baiocco
866:Ancient
690:Archive
326:flĂłirĂn
319:, with
309:Ireland
296:(later
284:⁄
270:⁄
191:Holland
95:History
18:Florins
1544:Thaler
1330:forint
1326:Gulden
1275:florin
1272:named
1060:Modern
1026:Sequin
984:Giulio
964:Florin
954:Crazia
755:
736:
717:
664:
654:
547:
507:
477:
313:florin
255:grains
217:florin
208:under
193:under
167:cilice
152:Africa
73:grains
61:florin
1334:zlatĂ˝
1102:Oncia
1031:Soldo
1016:Paolo
402:Soldo
387:]
321:Irish
259:grams
225:Rhine
1036:Tarì
753:ISBN
734:ISBN
715:ISBN
702:2023
662:OCLC
652:ISBN
602:2012
574:2012
545:LCCN
505:ISBN
475:ISBN
336:The
234:The
133:lire
129:lira
120:lira
105:The
65:coin
56:The
1507:(Ć’)
307:In
249:by
154:).
1564::
1332:,
1328:,
685:.
660:.
622:,
489:^
385:it
277:23
231:.
89:it
1336:)
1324:(
1262:e
1255:t
1248:v
821:e
814:t
807:v
761:.
742:.
723:.
704:.
668:.
634:.
604:.
576:.
551:.
513:.
483:.
286:8
282:7
279:+
272:2
268:1
265:+
263:3
240:Ć’
87:(
34:.
20:)
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