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pumas at 9%, while the frequency of a kinked tail was 88% as opposed to 27% for other puma subspecies. To increase genetic diversity of the
Florida panther, eight Texas pumas were introduced to the Florida population to hopefully promote the survival of the native population. This genetic rescue aided in reducing the inbreeding coefficient in the Florida panther population, introducing more genetic variation. The results indicated that the survival rates of hybrid kittens were three times higher than those of purebred pumas. Due to the successes of this restoration effort, the genetic depletion of the Florida panther population is now not as much of a problem as it used to be, but is being monitored since the population is still in a fragile state.
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the first 2–3 weeks, the mother spends most of her time nursing the kittens; after this period, she spends more time away from the den, to wean the kittens and to hunt prey to bring to the den. Once they are old enough to leave the den, they hunt in the company of their mother. Male panthers are not encountered frequently during this time, as female and male panthers generally avoid each other outside of breeding. Kittens are usually 2 months old when they begin hunting with their mothers, and 2 years old when they begin to hunt and live on their own.
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392:. Adult female Florida panthers weigh 29–45.5 kg (64–100 lb), whereas the larger males weigh 45.5–72 kg (100–159 lb). Total length is from 1.8 to 2.2 m (5.9 to 7.2 ft) and shoulder height is 60–70 cm (24–28 in). Male panthers, on average, are 9.4% longer and 33.2% heavier than females because males grow at a faster rate than females and for a longer time.
563:. The Florida panther is an opportunistic hunter, and has been known to prey on livestock and domesticated animals, including cattle, goats, horses, pigs, sheep, chickens, dogs, and cats. When hunting, panthers shift their hunting environment based on where the prey base is. Female panthers frequently shift both their home range and movement behavior due to their reproductive rates.
665:, are major barriers to natural population expansion. While young males wander over extremely large areas in search of an available territory, females occupy home ranges close to their mothers. For this reason, panthers are poor colonizers and expand their range slowly, despite occurrences of males far away from the core population.
852:(500 km) of habitat. This animal is considered to be a conservational flagship because it is a major contributor to the keystone ecological and evolutionary processes in their environment. A population of 240 panthers would require 8,000–12,000 square miles (21,000–31,000 km) of habitat and sufficient
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The conservation of
Florida panther habitats is especially important because they rely on the protection of the forest, specifically hardwood hammock, cypress swamp, pineland, and hardwood swamp, for their survival. Conservation strategies for Florida panthers tend to focus on their preferred morning
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and other complications to the heart and immune system. Specifically concerning the
Florida panther, one of the morphological consequences of inbreeding was a high frequency of cowlicks and kinked tails. The frequency of exhibiting a cowlick in a Florida panther population was 94% compared to other
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was first observed in two panthers. Further analysis determined an increase in FeLV-positive panthers from
January 1990 to April 2007. The virus is lethal, and its presence has resulted in efforts to inoculate the population. While no new cases have been reported since July 2004, the virus does have
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Fragmentation by major roads has severely segmented the sexes of the
Florida panther, as well. In a study done between 1981 and 2004, most panthers involved in car collisions were found to be male. However, females are much more reluctant to cross roads. Therefore, roads separate habitat, and adult
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has determined that habitat selection for panthers varies by time of day for all observed individuals, regardless of size or gender. They move from wetlands during the daytime to prairie grasslands at night. The implications of these findings suggest that conservation efforts must be focused on the
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Florida panthers live in home ranges between 190 and 500 square kilometres (73 and 193 sq mi). Within these ranges are many roads and human constructions, which are regularly traveled on by
Florida panthers and can result in their death by vehicular collision. Efforts to reduce collisions
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Panther kittens are born in dens created by their mothers, often in dense scrub. The dens are chosen based on a variety of factors, including prey availability, and have been observed in a range of habitats. Kittens will spend the first 6–8 weeks of life in those dens, dependent on their mother. In
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Florida panthers are spotted at birth, and typically have blue eyes. As the panther grows, the spots fade and the coat becomes completely tan, while the eyes typically take on a yellow hue. The panther's underbelly is a creamy white, and it has black tips on the tail and ears. Florida panthers lack
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Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O’Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.;
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and Andrew Eller, a biologist with the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS), was successful in demonstrating that agencies continued to use incorrect information after it had been clearly identified as such. As a result of the DQA ruling, USFWS admitted errors in the science the agency was using
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levels are insignificant, which suggests that males have been feminized due to chemical exposure. Feminized males are much less likely to reproduce, which represents a significant threat to a subspecies that already has a low population count and a high level of inbreeding. Chemical compounds that
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among certain individuals. The presence of these viruses is likely related to mating behaviors and territory sympatry. Although, since
Florida panthers have lower levels of the antibodies produced in response to FIV, consistently positive results for the presence of infection is difficult to find.
631:, for recovery and rehabilitation until they are well enough to be reintroduced. Additionally, White Oak raises orphaned kittens and has done so for 12 individuals. Most recently, an orphaned brother and sister were brought to the center at 5 months old in 2011 after their mother was found dead in
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In light of accusations against Maehr's work, recovery agencies appointed a panel of four experts, the
Florida Panther Scientific Review Team (SRT), to evaluate the soundness of the body of work used to guide panther recovery. The SRT identified serious problems with Maehr's literature, including
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and subsequently reinstated Eller, who had been fired by USFWS after filing the DQA complaint. In two white papers, environmental groups contended that habitat development was permitted that should not have been, and documented the link between incorrect data and financial conflicts of interest.
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If encountered, the advice for people is not to run since this may stimulate the panther's instinct to chase. Instead, it is best to stand and face the animal and make eye contact. Most
Florida panthers will avoid a confrontation. In the event of being attacked, an individual should fight back,
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Recovery efforts are currently underway in Florida to conserve the state's remaining population of native panthers. This is a difficult task, as the panther requires contiguous areas of habitat – each breeding unit, consisting of one male and two to five females, requires about 200 square miles
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According to a 2022 study from the University of Georgia, Florida panthers are now the main cause of death for white-tailed deer in Southwest Florida. Of 241 deer captured and fitted with GPS collars during the study, 96 were killed by Florida panthers. This shows improved health (and therefore
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David Maehr was covertly paid by developers, and his faulty science research gave developers the necessary permitting to clear forests needed by the panthers to retain a viable breeding population. In January 2006, USFWS released a new draft Florida Panther Recovery Plan for public review. The
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to avoid inbreeding as a result of small population size. However, a study in 2006 estimated that about 3,800 square miles (9,800 km) were free for the panthers. The introduction of eight female cougars from a closely related Texas population has apparently been successful in mitigating
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In August 2019, Florida's Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission identified, through the use of game cameras, eight endangered panthers affected by an apparent neurological disorder, but were unable to identify any potential infectious diseases that can affect felines and other species.
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Cunningham, Mark W.; Brown, Meredith A.; Shindle, David B.; Terrell, Scott P.; Hayes, Kathleen A.; Ferree, Bambi C.; McBride, R. T.; Blankenship, Emmett L.; Jansen, Deborah; Citino, Scott B.; Roelke, Melody E.; Kiltie, Richard A.; Troyer, Jennifer L.; O'Brien, Stephen J. (2008).
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Bled, Florent; Cherry, Michael J.; Garrison, Elina P.; Miller, Karl V.; Conner, L. Mike; Abernathy, Heather N.; Ellsworth, W. Hunter; Margenau, Lydia L. S.; Crawford, Daniel A.; Engebretsen, Kristin N.; Kelly, Brian D.; Shindle, David B.; Chandler, Richard B. (August 2022).
1007:, which highlights conservation efforts to protect the species and share the importance of preserving wildlife corridors in Florida. The film played a role in raising public awareness and influencing the passage of the Florida Wildlife Corridor Act.
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In 2003, a controversy began involving the leading Florida panther expert David Maehr. He was covertly paid by land developers to produce faulty science papers that were used to permit construction projects that destroyed Florida panther habitat.
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the ability to roar, and instead make distinct sounds that include whistles, chirps, growls, hisses, and purrs. Florida panthers are average-sized for the species, being smaller than cougars from colder climates, but larger than cougars from the
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The two highest causes of mortality for individual Florida panthers are automobile collisions and territorial aggression between Florida panthers. When these incidents injure the panthers, federal and Florida wildlife officials take them to
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804:. Because wildlife corridors emulate the natural environment, animals are more likely to cross through a corridor rather than a road because a corridor provides more cover for prey and predators, and is safer to cross than a road.
762:. The lower genetic diversity and higher rates of inbreeding led to the increased expression of deleterious traits in the populations, resulting in lower overall fitness of the Florida panther population. This also lowers the
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without turning their back. Further, there has never been a reported panther attack in Florida. However, in western states, people have been attacked and fought back successfully with rocks, sticks, or even their bare hands.
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full range of habitats used by Florida panther populations. Female panthers with cubs build dens for their litters in an equally wide variety of habitats, favoring dense scrub, but also using grassland and marshland.
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Much folklore surrounds these seldom-seen cats, sometimes called 'catamounts' or 'painters,' and they have been persecuted out of fear and misunderstanding of the role these large predators play in the natural
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The number of Florida panthers killed by vehicular collisions has increased in recent years, and traffic collisions were responsible for the majority of recorded panther deaths each year between 2014 and 2021.
611:. It was historically persecuted, and the population reduced to a small area in southern Florida. The population became inbred with individuals having kinked tails, and heart and sperm problems.
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1941:
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contributed to the formation of an isolated population of puma in the Florida panther. Isolation was followed by a gradual decline in the population size that increased the likelihood of
510:, and currently occupies 5% of its historic range. In the 1970s, an estimated 20 Florida panthers remained in the wild, but their numbers had increased to an estimated 230 by 2017.
1242:
Bartareau, Tad; Onorato, Dave; Jansen, Deborah (March 2013). "Growth in body length and mass of the Florida panther: An evaluation of different models and sexual size dimorphism".
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Exposure to a variety of chemical compounds in the environment has caused reproductive impairment to Florida panthers. Tests show that the differences between males and females in
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Maehr, David S.; Deason, Jonathan P. (2014). "Wide-ranging carnivores and development permits: constructing a multi-scale model to evaluate impacts on the Florida panther".
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showed that many of the purported cougar subspecies described in the 19th century are too similar to be recognized as distinct. It was reclassified and subsumed to the
654:, have become extremely controversial for their location in prime panther habitat, and for the roads surrounding them that kill panthers at an ever increasing rate.
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inbreeding problems. One objective to panther recovery is establishing two additional populations within historic range, a goal that has been politically difficult.
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man was sentenced to 2 years probation, fined, and handed a hunting ban during his probation for killing a Florida panther that had walked 600 miles north to
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Johnson, Warren E.; Onorato, David P.; Roelke, Melody E.; Land, E. Darrell; Cunningham, Mark; Belden, Robert C.; McBride, Roy; et al. (2010).
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Conroy, M. J.; Beier, P.; Quigley, H.; Vaughan, M. R. (2006). "Improving The Use Of Science In Conservation: Lessons From The Florida Panther".
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1963:
1712:"Balancing carnivore conservation and sustainable hunting of a key prey species: A case study on the Florida panther and white-tailed deer"
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2885:"Habitat selection by critically endangered Florida panthers across the diel period: implications for land management and conservation"
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Maehr, D.S.; Land, E. Darrell; Roof, Jayde C.; McCown, J. Walter (July 1989). "Early maternal behavior in the Florida panther".
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Onorato, D. P.; Criffield, M.; Lotz, M.; Cunningham, M.; McBride, R.; Leone, E. H.; Bass, O. L.; Hellgren, E. C. (April 2011).
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in 1967 under the Endangered Species Preservation Act of 1966, and continues to be protected as an endangered animal under the
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Schwab, Autumn; Paul Zandbergen (April 2011). "Vehicle-related mortality and road crossing behavior of the Florida Panther".
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646:, habitat degradation, and habitat fragmentation. Southern Florida is a fast-developing area, and many developments such as
1412:"A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group"
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The Florida panther has low genetic diversity due to a variety of environmental and genetic factors. Factors that include
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635:. After being raised, the male and female were released in early 2013 to the Rotenberger Wildlife Management Area and
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An analysis of scientific literature related to the Florida panther: Submitted as final report for Project NG01-105
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24:
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1571:"Influences of Hunting on the Behavior of White-Tailed Deer: Implications for Conservation of the Florida Panther"
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have created abnormalities in Florida panther reproduction include herbicides, pesticides, and fungicides such as
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with the Florida panther include nighttime speed reduction zones, special roadsides, headlight reflectors, and
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Benson, John F.; Lotz, Mark A.; Jansen, Deborah (February 2008). "Natal Den Selection by Florida Panthers".
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379:, and currently occupies 5% of its historic range. As of 2024, about 200 individuals are left in the wild.
352:
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2021:
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368:
2702:
Kautz, Randy (June 2006). "How much is enough? Landscape-scale conservation for the Florida panther".
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and wildlife control measures. Besides human mortality, the biggest threat to the Florida panther is
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408:) in the late 19th century. The Florida panther had for a long time been considered a unique cougar
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Kardos, Marty; Taylor, Helen R.; Ellegren, Hans; Luikart, Gordon; Allendorf, Fred W. (2016-12-01).
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1971:
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2470:"Wildlife Crossing Designs and Use by Florida Panthers and Other Wildlife in Southwest Florida"
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as a potential threat to panthers in South Florida after a female panther from the park died.
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In 2017, the Cat Classification Taskforce of the Cat Specialist Group revised the taxonomy of
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McBride, Roy; McBride, Cougar (2010). "Predation of a Large Alligator by a Florida Panther".
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Discrediting a Decade of Panther Science: Implications of the Scientific Review Team Report.
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The Florida panther is a large carnivore whose diet consists both of small animals, such as
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2260:"A neurological disorder is impacting panthers in Florida making it hard for them to walk"
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Florida Panther Net – by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
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Fish and Wildlife Service releases Draft Florida Panther Recovery Plan for public review
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2800:"Georgia man who killed Florida panther gets two years probation, banned from hunting"
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439:) in 2005. Despite these findings, it was still referred to as a distinct subspecies
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NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer
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3082:"Improving the use of science in conservation: lessons from the Florida panther"
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2688:. The Florida Panther Recovery Team, South Florida Ecological Services Office,
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poor citations and misrepresentation of data to support unsound conclusions. A
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warning drivers to keep alert for any panthers that may be crossing the road.
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Antigen analysis on select Florida panther populations has shown evidence of
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1711:
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3234:. Tallahassee, Florida, US: State of Florida, Florida Department of State.
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2179:"Epizootiology and Management of Feline Leukemia Virus in the Florida Puma"
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The Florida panther was also prominently featured in the 2022 documentary
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of the population and increases the likelihood of genetic defects such as
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3471:
3407:
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1255:
727:
723:
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2585:"Majority of Florida panther deaths in 2021 were due to vehicle crashes"
2125:"Feline Immunodeficiency Virus and Puma Lentivirus in Florida panthers (
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1223:
PantherNet : Handbook: Natural History : Physical Description
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Culver, M.; Johnson, W.E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; O'Brein, S.J. (2000).
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2285:"Reproductive Impairment in the Florida Panther: Nature or Nurture?"
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966:, and the team has donated to the preservation of panther habitats.
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934:
779:
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524:
424:
143:
2402:"Genomics advances the study of inbreeding depression in the wild"
1303:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 544–545.
937:; he died in a plane accident in 2008, while doing bear research.
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discredited Maehr left Florida and the field of panthers to study
2122:
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1300:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
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719:
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193:
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3122:
Information Quality Guidelines: Your Questions and Our Responses
450:, and now recognises all cougar populations in North America as
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U.S. Fish and Wildlife Press Release on new Draft Recovery Plan
2082:"Once Nearly Extinct, The Florida Panther Is Making A Comeback"
548:
153:
133:
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2477:
Trends in Addressing Transportation Related Wildlife Mortality
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536:
3040:"Evaluating scientific inferences about the Florida panther"
2940:
Cat Tale: The Wild, Weird Battle to Save the Florida Panther
2768:"Florida panthers need new territory, federal officials say"
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Florida panthers, usually wandering males, have occurred as
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2634:. IUCN - The World Conservation Union. 1996. Archived from
2399:
2228:"Florida's Panthers Hit With Mysterious Crippling Disorder"
837:
800:. Another method of reducing collisions is the creation of
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3319:
Florida Panther – National Park Service website
2965:"Why Not the Best? How Science Failed the Florida Panther"
2123:
Miller, D.L.; Taylor, Rotstein; Pough, Barr (April 2006).
840:, but it has not been listed since 2008. It was listed as
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3059:
10.2193/0022-541x(2006)70[236:esiatf]2.0.co;2
2564:. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. 2023
1840:. Brooksville, Connecticut: Millbrook Press. p. 41.
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Two young panthers at White Oak in Nassau County, Florida
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Conroy, MJ; P Beier; H Quigley & MR Vaughan (2006).
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Beier, P; Vaughan, MR; Conroy, MJ and Quigley, H. 2003,
2503:
2282:
1771:"New study reveals sign of rebound for Florida panthers"
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3101:
10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1:ITUOSI]2.0.CO;2
1964:"Sierra Club Says Ave Maria Will 'Threaten' Everglades"
1938:"First Florida panther released into Palm Beach County"
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10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1:ITUOSI]2.0.CO;2
954:
In 1982, the Florida panther was chosen as the Florida
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ability to hunt) in the endangered panther population.
3038:
Beier, P; Vaughan, MR; Conroy, MJ; Quigley, H (2006).
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2737:
Florida panther | Section : Historic Range . . .
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877:. In 2014, a male panther was shot and killed in the
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Primary threats to the population as a whole include
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1664:
1662:
1188:"How experts are trying to save the Florida panther"
506:. It is the only confirmed cougar population in the
375:. It is the only confirmed cougar population in the
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The genetic rescue of the Florida panther, 2005 pdf
2343:Pimm, S. L.; Dollar, L.; Bass, O. L. (2006-05-01).
1533:
1833:
1433:"Florida Panther - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service"
486:, as well as rural communities in the counties of
355:, as well as rural communities in the counties of
3026:Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
2632:Species Survival Commission, Cat Specialist Group
2582:
1659:
1519:Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
1232:. Floridapanthernet.org. Retrieved on 2012-05-02.
1211:WEC 167/UW176: Jaguar: Another Threatened Panther
922:Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility
3556:
2283:Facemire, Charles; Gross, Guillette (May 1995).
1796:
820:Panther at Audubon's Possum Long Nature Center,
990:. The stamp was dedicated at a ceremony at the
3346:Bounding, Rebounding: Panthers Make a Comeback
3261:"Postal Service Spotlights Endangered Species"
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969:In 2023 the Florida panther was featured on a
3188:. Published 2006-01-31. Retrieved 2007-01-30.
3130:. Published 2005-03-21. Retrieved 2007-01-30.
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2797:
2692:. Published 1995-03-13. Retrieved 2007-01-30.
1213:. Edis.ifas.ufl.edu. Retrieved on 2012-05-02.
264:Range of the Florida panther within the U.S.
2506:"Genetic restoration of the Florida panther"
1616:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2024 (
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603:Humans threaten the Florida panther through
3600:Species endangered by habitat fragmentation
2608:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2345:"The genetic rescue of the Florida panther"
2019:
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1673:Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy
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2649:Howard, Craig (2002). Dewey, Tanya (ed.).
1911:"Orphaned Florida panther kittens rescued"
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1410:Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z.; Tobe, S. (2017).
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1367:
906:
3565:NatureServe critically imperiled species
2828:
2467:
2022:"Florida panther deaths hit record high"
2020:Staletovich, Jenny (December 10, 2015).
1935:
1165:Global Biodiversity Information Facility
1130:Global Biodiversity Information Facility
1077:Environmental Conservation Online System
888:
815:
778:
613:
582:
574:
480:Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge
462:The Florida panther lives in pinelands,
349:Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge
3595:Fauna of the Southeastern United States
3219:
2962:
2923:
2765:
2079:
1991:
1890:. Friends of the Florida Panther Refuge
1334:"Genomic Ancestry of the American Puma"
1277:
1275:
1273:
884:
774:
513:
16:Population of cougar endemic to Florida
3557:
2648:
2129:): Epidemiology and Diagnostic Issues"
1994:"A fight over Florida panther habitat"
1961:
1908:
1624:
1325:
1096:
1094:
1055:
1053:
1051:
811:
400:It was described as a distinct cougar
3374:
3373:
2701:
2463:
2461:
2338:
2336:
2225:
1864:. Sierra Club Florida. Archived from
1704:
1702:
1592:(inactive 2024-07-02). Archived from
1235:
3585:Endemic mammals of the United States
3226:Florida Department of State (2015).
2776:. St. Petersburg, FL. Archived from
2766:Pittman, Craig (December 18, 2008).
2583:FOX 13 news staff (3 January 2022).
1270:
749:
2857:"The Return of the Florida Panther"
1992:Spinner, Kate (December 25, 2009).
1913:. Naples Daily News. Archived from
1091:
1048:
395:
13:
2458:
2333:
2133:Veterinary Research Communications
2106:"Florida Panther: Species Profile"
1909:Staats, Eric (23 September 2011).
1699:
1079:. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
1036:. Arlington, Virginia: NatureServe
992:National Grasslands Visitor Center
860:
14:
3611:
3336:The Florida Panther Society, Inc.
3307:
2289:Environmental Health Perspectives
1962:Staats, Eric (January 27, 2004).
696:In the 2002–2003 capture season,
3159:Kostyack, J and Hill, K. (2004)
3139:Kostyack, J and Hill, K. (2005)
2909:10.1111/j.1469-1795.2010.00415.x
2798:Terry Dickson (August 5, 2011).
2370:10.1111/j.1469-1795.2005.00010.x
1936:Fleshler, David (3 April 2013).
1590:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.97223.x
980:set, based on a photograph from
958:. The animal is the namesake of
110:
25:Florida panther (disambiguation)
3279:
3253:
3238:from the original on 2015-01-22
3228:"State Animal: Florida Panther"
3191:
3166:
3153:
3133:
3115:
3073:
3031:
3007:
2956:
2876:
2855:Dexter Filkins (May 29, 2017).
2848:
2822:
2791:
2759:
2744:
2730:
2695:
2672:
2642:
2616:
2576:
2554:
2497:
2393:
2276:
2252:
2219:
2169:
2116:
2098:
2080:Newborn, Steve (May 23, 2021).
2073:
2038:
2013:
1985:
1955:
1929:
1902:
1880:
1854:
1825:
1762:
1562:
1536:The American Midland Naturalist
1502:
1483:
1454:
1443:from the original on 2020-06-29
1425:
869:outside of Florida. In 2008, a
3348: – audio report by
3185:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
3127:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
3089:Journal of Wildlife Management
3047:Journal of Wildlife Management
2740:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
2690:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
1940:. Sun Sentinel. Archived from
1799:Journal of Wildlife Management
1769:Montgomery, Ben (2022-06-17).
1376:Journal of Wildlife Management
1216:
1204:
1179:
1144:
1109:
1017:
846:Endangered Species Act of 1973
701:potential for reintroduction.
382:
1:
2679:Florida Panther Recovery Plan
2479:. p. 323. Archived from
1010:
949:
686:feline immunodeficiency virus
570:
472:Big Cypress National Preserve
341:Big Cypress National Preserve
3265:United States Postal Service
2982:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030333
2755:George Washington University
2724:10.1016/j.biocon.2005.12.007
2468:Land, Darrell; Lotz (1996).
2226:Sokol, Joshua (2019-08-20).
2183:Journal of Wildlife Diseases
2067:10.1016/j.apgeog.2010.10.015
971:United States Postal Service
708:
661:Development, as well as the
484:Picayune Strand State Forest
353:Picayune Strand State Forest
7:
3163:The Florida Panther Society
3150:The Florida Panther Society
1521:. Last Retrieved 2017-07-14
920:(DQA) complaint brought by
828:It was formerly considered
783:A roadside traffic sign on
10:
3616:
2195:10.7589/0090-3558-44.3.537
1716:Journal of Applied Ecology
1421:. Special Issue 11: 33–34.
1024:NatureServe (5 May 2023).
679:
598:
547:, and larger prey such as
464:tropical hardwood hammocks
333:tropical hardwood hammocks
18:
3580:Mammals described in 1899
3382:
2624:"Species Accounts: Puma,
2406:Evolutionary Applications
2145:10.1007/s11259-006-3167-x
1685:10.1007/s10098-001-0129-4
1499:. myfwc.com June 24, 2017
1186:Jacobo, J. (2024-05-17).
470:. Its range includes the
339:. Its range includes the
331:. It lives in pinelands,
275:
268:
263:
254:
107:Scientific classification
105:
83:
63:
54:
46:
37:
32:
19:For the hockey team, see
2942:. Hanover Square Press.
1832:Silverstein, A. (1997).
1462:"msnbc.com Video Player"
1297:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
941:Relationship with humans
476:Everglades National Park
468:freshwater swamp forests
458:Distribution and habitat
345:Everglades National Park
337:freshwater swamp forests
49:Everglades National Park
3341:Florida Panther Project
3199:"Puma concolor couguar"
2804:The Florida Times-Union
2704:Biological Conservation
2530:10.1126/science.1192891
2295:(Supplement 4): 79–86.
1737:10.1111/1365-2664.14201
1633:Southeastern Naturalist
1353:10.1093/jhered/91.3.186
1244:Southeastern Naturalist
633:Collier County, Florida
518:
3570:ESA endangered species
3141:Giving Away the Store.
2831:"The Panther You Want"
907:Management controversy
894:
825:
792:
625:White Oak Conservation
619:
591:
580:
23:. For other uses, see
3287:"Path of The Panther"
2938:(2020). "Ch. 14-18".
2110:National Park Service
1862:"The Florida Panther"
1569:Kilgo, J. E. (1998).
1289:Puma concolor couguar
892:
875:Troup County, Georgia
834:critically endangered
819:
782:
760:inbreeding depression
698:feline leukemia virus
670:National Park Service
617:
609:habitat fragmentation
586:
578:
508:Eastern United States
433:North American cougar
377:Eastern United States
317:North American cougar
71:Critically Imperiled
2659:Animal Diversity Web
2562:"Wildlife Crossings"
1645:10.1656/058.009.0420
1578:Conservation Biology
1256:10.1656/058.012.0103
885:Habitat conservation
842:Felis concolor coryi
775:Vehicular collisions
663:Caloosahatchee River
587:A mother with three
514:Behavior and ecology
417:Felis concolor coryi
47:Close-up of head in
3428:Puma_concolor_coryi
3414:Puma concolor coryi
3384:Puma concolor coryi
2901:2011AnCon..14..196O
2889:Animal Conservation
2716:2006BCons.130..118K
2653:Puma concolor coryi
2522:2010Sci...329.1641J
2516:(5999): 1641–1645.
2418:2016EvApp...9.1205K
2361:2006AnCon...9..115P
2349:Animal Conservation
2127:Puma concolor coryi
2059:2011AppGe..31..859S
1917:on 29 December 2011
1836:The Florida Panther
1728:2022JApEc..59.2010B
1490:FWC Florida Panther
1472:on January 29, 2013
1341:Journal of Heredity
1028:Puma concolor coryi
1004:Path of the Panther
898:habitats. However,
812:Conservation status
789:Fort Myers, Florida
756:habitat destruction
561:American alligators
406:Puma concolor coryi
57:Conservation status
3590:Symbols of Florida
3364:Adobe Flash Player
3329:2016-03-03 at the
3178:2016-03-03 at the
3146:2013-10-29 at the
3028:, Tallahassee, FL.
3020:2006-09-02 at the
2780:on October 5, 2013
2684:2006-10-02 at the
2232:The New York Times
1888:"BACK TO THE WILD"
1513:2017-07-13 at the
1495:2018-10-29 at the
1228:2012-03-30 at the
1061:"Florida panther (
996:Wall, South Dakota
978:Endangered Species
895:
826:
802:wildlife corridors
793:
620:
592:
581:
235:P. c. couguar
3552:
3551:
3524:Open Tree of Life
3376:Taxon identifiers
3232:dos.myflorida.com
2829:Dean Kui (2017).
2628:(Linnaeus, 1771)"
2426:10.1111/eva.12414
2412:(10): 1205–1218.
2047:Applied Geography
1968:Naples Daily News
1847:978-0-7613-0049-6
1310:978-0-8018-8221-0
1283:Wozencraft, W. C.
854:genetic diversity
824:, September, 1992
764:adaptive capacity
750:Genetic depletion
674:mercury poisoning
553:white-tailed deer
429:mitochondrial DNA
309:
308:
303:
291:
224:
100:
78:
3607:
3545:
3544:
3532:
3531:
3519:
3518:
3506:
3505:
3493:
3492:
3480:
3479:
3467:
3466:
3454:
3453:
3444:
3443:
3431:
3430:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3371:
3370:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3267:. April 19, 2023
3257:
3251:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3203:
3195:
3189:
3170:
3164:
3157:
3151:
3137:
3131:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3086:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3044:
3035:
3029:
3011:
3005:
3004:
2994:
2984:
2963:Gross L (2005).
2960:
2954:
2953:
2932:
2921:
2920:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2810:on July 11, 2021
2806:. Archived from
2795:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2763:
2757:
2748:
2742:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2699:
2693:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2638:on 17 June 2005.
2620:
2614:
2613:
2607:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2541:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2485:
2474:
2465:
2456:
2455:
2445:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2372:
2340:
2331:
2330:
2320:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2206:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2156:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
1998:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1970:. Archived from
1959:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1839:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1811:10.2193/2007-264
1794:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1749:
1739:
1722:(8): 2010–2022.
1706:
1697:
1696:
1668:
1657:
1656:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1615:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1598:
1584:(6): 1359–1365.
1575:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1531:
1522:
1506:
1500:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1468:. Archived from
1458:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1416:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1338:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1279:
1268:
1267:
1239:
1233:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1113:
1107:
1098:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1057:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1021:
918:Data Quality Act
879:Okefenokee Swamp
639:, respectively.
427:study of cougar
396:Taxonomic status
301:
285:
259:
250:
238:
223:
221:
115:
114:
94:
89:
88:
72:
69:
68:
42:
33:Florida panther
30:
29:
21:Florida Panthers
3615:
3614:
3610:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3540:
3535:
3527:
3522:
3514:
3509:
3501:
3496:
3488:
3483:
3475:
3470:
3462:
3457:
3449:
3447:
3441:Florida_panther
3439:
3434:
3426:
3421:
3412:
3411:
3406:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3378:
3331:Wayback Machine
3310:
3305:
3304:
3295:
3293:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3270:
3268:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3241:
3239:
3224:
3220:
3210:
3208:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3180:Wayback Machine
3171:
3167:
3158:
3154:
3148:Wayback Machine
3138:
3134:
3120:
3116:
3084:
3078:
3074:
3042:
3036:
3032:
3022:Wayback Machine
3012:
3008:
2961:
2957:
2950:
2933:
2924:
2895:(11): 196–205.
2881:
2877:
2867:
2865:
2853:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2827:
2823:
2813:
2811:
2796:
2792:
2783:
2781:
2773:Tampa Bay Times
2764:
2760:
2749:
2745:
2735:
2731:
2700:
2696:
2686:Wayback Machine
2677:
2673:
2663:
2661:
2647:
2643:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2601:
2600:
2593:
2591:
2581:
2577:
2567:
2565:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2502:
2498:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2472:
2466:
2459:
2398:
2394:
2341:
2334:
2301:10.2307/3432416
2281:
2277:
2268:
2266:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2244:
2242:
2224:
2220:
2174:
2170:
2121:
2117:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2090:
2088:
2078:
2074:
2043:
2039:
2030:
2028:
2018:
2014:
2005:
2003:
1996:
1990:
1986:
1977:
1975:
1960:
1956:
1947:
1945:
1934:
1930:
1920:
1918:
1907:
1903:
1893:
1891:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1871:
1869:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1848:
1830:
1826:
1795:
1788:
1779:
1777:
1767:
1763:
1707:
1700:
1669:
1660:
1629:
1625:
1609:
1608:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1573:
1567:
1563:
1548:10.2307/2425680
1532:
1525:
1515:Wayback Machine
1507:
1503:
1497:Wayback Machine
1488:
1484:
1475:
1473:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1446:
1444:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1414:
1407:
1403:
1372:
1368:
1336:
1330:
1326:
1311:
1280:
1271:
1240:
1236:
1230:Wayback Machine
1221:
1217:
1209:
1205:
1196:
1194:
1184:
1180:
1170:
1168:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1135:
1133:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1099:
1092:
1082:
1080:
1059:
1058:
1049:
1039:
1037:
1022:
1018:
1013:
976:as part of the
952:
943:
909:
887:
863:
861:Outside Florida
822:Stuart, Florida
814:
785:Daniels Parkway
777:
752:
711:
682:
672:has identified
601:
573:
521:
516:
460:
414:scientific name
398:
385:
313:Florida panther
248:Florida panther
246:
232:
222:
215:
109:
101:
90:
86:
79:
70:
66:
59:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3613:
3603:
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3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3533:
3520:
3507:
3494:
3481:
3468:
3455:
3445:
3432:
3419:
3404:
3388:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3368:
3367:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3321:
3316:
3309:
3308:External links
3306:
3303:
3302:
3278:
3252:
3218:
3190:
3165:
3152:
3132:
3114:
3072:
3030:
3006:
2955:
2949:978-1335938800
2948:
2922:
2875:
2862:The New Yorker
2847:
2835:Orion Magazine
2821:
2790:
2758:
2743:
2729:
2710:(1): 118–133.
2694:
2671:
2641:
2615:
2575:
2553:
2496:
2457:
2392:
2355:(2): 115–122.
2332:
2275:
2251:
2218:
2189:(3): 537–552.
2168:
2139:(3): 307–317.
2115:
2097:
2072:
2053:(2): 859–870.
2037:
2012:
1984:
1954:
1928:
1901:
1879:
1868:on 2 June 2013
1853:
1846:
1824:
1805:(2): 405–410.
1786:
1761:
1698:
1679:(4): 398–406.
1658:
1639:(4): 854–856.
1623:
1561:
1523:
1501:
1482:
1453:
1424:
1401:
1366:
1347:(3): 186–197.
1324:
1309:
1269:
1234:
1215:
1203:
1178:
1160:(Bangs, 1899)"
1143:
1119:Felis concolor
1108:
1090:
1071:concolor coryi
1047:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1009:
951:
948:
942:
939:
908:
905:
886:
883:
862:
859:
813:
810:
776:
773:
768:cryptorchidism
751:
748:
710:
707:
681:
678:
637:Collier County
629:Yulee, Florida
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2936:Craig Pittman
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2626:Puma concolor
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2486:on 2013-10-29
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2001:HerladTribune
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1974:on 2004-03-23
1973:
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1944:on 2013-05-27
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1599:on 2014-11-07
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1154:Puma concolor
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974:forever stamp
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960:South Florida
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501:
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452:P. c. couguar
449:
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437:P. c. couguar
434:
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373:Monroe County
370:
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329:South Florida
326:
322:
321:P. c. couguar
318:
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279:Puma concolor
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2778:the original
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2636:the original
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2481:the original
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2085:
2075:
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2046:
2040:
2029:. Retrieved
2026:Miami Herald
2025:
2015:
2004:. Retrieved
2000:
1987:
1976:. Retrieved
1972:the original
1967:
1957:
1946:. Retrieved
1942:the original
1931:
1919:. Retrieved
1915:the original
1904:
1892:. Retrieved
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1870:. Retrieved
1866:the original
1856:
1835:
1827:
1802:
1798:
1778:. Retrieved
1774:
1764:
1747:10919/111934
1719:
1715:
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1626:
1612:cite journal
1601:. Retrieved
1594:the original
1581:
1577:
1564:
1542:(1): 34–43.
1539:
1535:
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1474:. Retrieved
1470:the original
1465:
1456:
1445:. Retrieved
1436:
1427:
1418:
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1369:
1344:
1340:
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1288:
1287:"Subspecies
1250:(1): 27–40.
1247:
1243:
1237:
1218:
1206:
1195:. Retrieved
1191:
1181:
1169:. Retrieved
1163:
1157:
1153:
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1134:. Retrieved
1128:
1125:Bangs, 1899"
1122:
1118:
1111:
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1076:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1038:. Retrieved
1033:
1027:
1019:
1002:
1000:
986:
982:Joel Sartore
977:
968:
956:state animal
953:
944:
927:
914:
910:
900:GPS tracking
896:
881:in Georgia.
864:
850:
841:
827:
806:
794:
753:
732:methoxychlor
712:
703:
695:
683:
667:
660:
656:
644:habitat loss
641:
621:
602:
593:
565:
559:, and small
522:
461:
451:
445:
440:
436:
421:Outram Bangs
419:proposed by
416:
405:
399:
386:
320:
312:
310:
298:
294:
282:
278:
247:
243:Population:
233:
229:Subspecies:
216:
204:
3498:NatureServe
3472:iNaturalist
3408:Wikispecies
3053:: 236–245.
2975:(9): e333.
2264:www.msn.com
1437:www.fws.gov
964:hockey team
931:black bears
728:chlordecone
724:carbendazim
441:P. c. coryi
423:in 1899. A
412:, with the
383:Description
302:Bangs, 1899
218:P. concolor
190:Subfamily:
75:NatureServe
3559:Categories
3356:JavaScript
3354:(requires
3296:2024-09-14
3242:2015-03-28
3211:10 January
2784:2013-08-20
2490:2013-10-27
2269:2019-08-21
2245:2019-08-21
2091:2021-05-24
2031:2023-12-20
2006:2023-12-20
1978:2009-10-18
1948:2013-06-21
1780:2022-11-19
1603:2014-11-07
1476:2011-10-13
1447:2020-10-15
1382:(1): 1–7.
1197:2024-07-29
1011:References
950:In culture
830:endangered
690:lentivirus
658:panthers.
579:A juvenile
571:Early life
557:feral pigs
529:armadillos
500:Miami-Dade
466:and mixed
410:subspecies
402:subspecies
390:Neotropics
369:Miami-Dade
335:and mixed
325:population
174:Feliformia
170:Suborder:
92:Endangered
3248:ecosystem
2969:PLOS Biol
2604:cite news
2434:1752-4571
2379:1469-1795
2240:0362-4331
1756:0021-8901
987:Photo Ark
740:fenarimol
715:estradiol
709:Chemicals
688:and puma
648:Ave Maria
545:waterfowl
443:in 2006.
212:Species:
164:Carnivora
130:Kingdom:
124:Eukaryota
3537:Species+
3503:2.101183
3393:Wikidata
3327:Archived
3291:Wildpath
3236:Archived
3206:Species+
3176:Archived
3144:Archived
3109:85920592
3067:86131733
3018:Archived
3001:16108700
2917:83600385
2868:April 2,
2840:April 2,
2814:April 2,
2682:Archived
2548:20929847
2452:27877200
2387:53059157
2213:18689639
2163:16437306
2086:NPR News
1819:86458097
1693:98146689
1653:85338748
1511:Archived
1493:Archived
1466:NBC News
1441:Archived
1419:Cat News
1396:85920592
1361:10833043
1319:62265494
1285:(2005).
1264:85220716
1226:Archived
1192:ABC News
935:Kentucky
867:vagrants
605:poaching
525:raccoons
270:Synonyms
180:Family:
154:Mammalia
144:Chordata
140:Phylum:
134:Animalia
120:Domain:
3464:6164600
3399:Q776670
3360:pop-ups
3271:May 11,
3095:: 1–7.
2992:1188244
2897:Bibcode
2712:Bibcode
2539:6993177
2518:Bibcode
2510:Science
2443:5108213
2414:Bibcode
2357:Bibcode
2327:7556029
2318:1519283
2309:3432416
2204:3167064
2154:7089169
2055:Bibcode
1921:21 June
1894:21 June
1872:21 June
1724:Bibcode
1556:2425680
1156:subsp.
1121:subsp.
893:Habitat
871:Georgia
836:by the
720:benomyl
680:Disease
599:Threats
533:nutrias
488:Collier
448:Felidae
425:genetic
357:Collier
297:subsp.
290:, 1899)
281:subsp.
200:Genus:
194:Felinae
184:Felidae
160:Order:
150:Class:
95: (
73: (
3575:Cougar
3529:532124
3490:552781
3477:198919
3448:ECOS:
3436:Center
3362:, and
3107:
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2915:
2664:18 May
2594:22 May
2589:FOX 13
2568:22 May
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1171:18 May
1136:18 May
1083:18 May
1040:18 May
742:, and
652:Naples
549:storks
543:, and
502:, and
492:Hendry
371:, and
361:Hendry
3542:12189
3516:29062
3202:(PDF)
3105:S2CID
3085:(PDF)
3063:S2CID
3043:(PDF)
2913:S2CID
2484:(PDF)
2473:(PDF)
2383:S2CID
2305:JSTOR
1997:(PDF)
1815:S2CID
1775:Axios
1689:S2CID
1649:S2CID
1597:(PDF)
1574:(PDF)
1552:JSTOR
1415:(PDF)
1392:S2CID
1337:(PDF)
1293:. In
1260:S2CID
1158:coryi
1123:coryi
1067:Felis
650:near
537:hares
315:is a
299:coryi
288:Bangs
283:coryi
3511:NCBI
3485:ITIS
3459:GBIF
3451:1763
3273:2023
3213:2021
2997:PMID
2944:ISBN
2870:2021
2842:2021
2816:2021
2666:2023
2610:link
2596:2023
2570:2023
2544:PMID
2448:PMID
2430:ISSN
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2323:PMID
2236:ISSN
2209:PMID
2159:PMID
1923:2013
1896:2013
1874:2013
1842:ISBN
1752:ISSN
1618:link
1357:PMID
1315:OCLC
1305:ISBN
1173:2023
1138:2023
1105:4001
1085:2023
1063:Puma
1042:2023
838:IUCN
744:TCDD
668:The
589:cubs
541:mice
519:Diet
311:The
205:Puma
3423:ADW
3351:NPR
3097:doi
3055:doi
2987:PMC
2977:doi
2905:doi
2720:doi
2708:130
2534:PMC
2526:doi
2514:329
2438:PMC
2422:doi
2365:doi
2313:PMC
2297:doi
2293:103
2199:PMC
2191:doi
2149:PMC
2141:doi
2063:doi
1807:doi
1742:hdl
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