Port Miami Tunnel - Knowledge

616:, however the revised project has an estimated cost of US$ 1 billion (The difference in estimates partially due to differences in previous tunnel designs). Financial closing on the project was reached in October 2009. Miami-Dade County was reported to have contributed $ 402 million, the city of Miami $ 50 million, and the state $ 650 million to build, operate and maintain it. Those contributions are spread during construction and operation of the tunnel project. During construction, 90% of the funds are provided by the private sector. Of the estimated $ 1 billion total project cost, $ 607 million would go to design and construction, $ 195.1 million to financing, $ 59.6 million to insurance and maintenance during construction, $ 41.2 million to reserves, and $ 209.8 million for state development cost. 1014: 1062: 1113: 625: 1029:(US 1) at NW 5th Street (Port Boulevard), using level streets, such as Northeast 1st Avenue, which for years were the only way to access the port. Along with the capacity of the port, the amount of truck traffic could double after the completion of the numerous port projects. Additionally, the Port Boulevard entrance to the port is closed at night, concentrating all truck traffic during the day. This traffic creates congestion and presents a danger to pedestrians and bicyclists. Traffic is also considered to be a harm to Miami's northern central business district, reducing its ability to grow, including Miami's new 1105: 957: 805: 813: 40: 1220: 578:

Miami. The heavy traffic was considered detrimental to the economic growth of downtown, and a planned project to expand the port's capacity threatened to increase the volume of trucks coming through. These problems were alleviated, but not solved, by the construction of a six-lane elevated bridge, which still stands, in the early 1990s. The issues would be remedied by the construction of the tunnel, allowing traffic to move between PortMiami and the MacArthur Causeway (which connects to

902: 1049:

tunnel. Although traffic and port activity has declined since the early 1990s, losing some of it to the nearby Port Everglades, which overtook Port of Miami in 2007 as Florida's largest cargo port, the port is likely to see a large shift in the other direction after it becomes one of few deep water ports in the United States able to handle the New Panamax ships by 2016. Within the first month of opening, it was reported that congestion in the downtown area had eased.

948:

lucky if you get in two," states truck driver Alejandro Arrieta, due to waiting time at the port, which is often several hours. Port Everglades also has major redevelopment plans underway that includes its own deep dredging to a 50-foot (15 m) depth; they also claim to have surpassed the Port of Miami, which has long been known as the "Cruise Capital of the World" as well as the "Cargo Gateway to the Americas," in both cruise traffic and cargo tonnage handled.

288: 489: 474: 349: 74: 725: 1183:

rock and soil from road construction and site preparation on Watson Island and not from tunnel boring, which environmentalists object being put on Virginia Key as it may not be as clean. The north point of Virginia Key is one of the last remaining undeveloped areas near the Miami downtown area and has been recently restored as it was previously used as a dumping site for the infill from the

889:, slated to be finished in 2015 and 2016, respectively. The port has gone through several expensive projects throughout its history, and many have been seen as beneficial to the economic growth of the Greater Miami area in the long run, such as in the 1950s when the deteriorating Port of Miami, then located in the mainland in downtown, was moved to its current home, the man-made 362: 893:. The current port director of the Port of Miami Bill Johnson states that these new port infrastructure projects should be able to double the port's container capacity over the next decade. Miami City Commissioner Marc Sarnoff stated that "This is the best public works project ever." A strong trade industry is also considered to be a vital sign of a good and improving economy. 771:, will provide the senior debt financing for the project, which totals $ 341.5 million. The project attracted three bidding consortia. Under the concession agreement, FDOT will make milestone payments to the concessionaire (Miami Access Tunnel) during the construction period, upon the achievement of contractual milestones. 90% of Miami Access Tunnel's equity is provided by 609:, to avoid a new tender that would delay even further the start of construction, the project was reinstated. Port director Bill Johnson has also played a key role in supporting the Port of Miami infrastructure projects, as well as developing a free-trade pact with Colombia. Altogether, the port infrastructure projects had an estimated cost of around two billion dollars. 601:" project. Although the veto was overridden, the tunnel proposal fell by the wayside. It was not until 2006 that the tender for the tunnel project was ready to be launched, and in December 2007 the project was approved by the City Commission. However, the economic crisis resulted in a cancellation of the project in December 2008 by one of the sponsors, 1092:

that that number will increase to around 1.4 million when larger ships start arriving. In 2010, about 800,000 TEU's were moved through the port, and port director Bill Johnson said that with the right marketing to major shippers, that number should double by 2020. Currently, the largest cargo ships that dock at the port have a capacity of around 4,200

792:

tunnel will be turned over to FDOT in first-class condition at the end of the contract in October 2044, thirty years after its completion. Maintenance costs over this 30-year period are expected to total around $ 200 million. Unlike many similar public-private partnerships, the tunnels will not have a toll.

1157:

The first tunnel connecting Watson Island and the Port of Miami was completed in August 2012, and the second tunnel was completed on May 9, 2013, as "Harriet" emerged back on Watson Island, where digging had commenced in 2011. The roadway construction should finish for an opening on May 15, 2014. The

991:

in 2005, at which time service was suspended, and the bridge remained closed for well over a decade. Rail service to the port was restored by 2014. The rail project is part of another element of increasing PortMiami's capacity; an inland intermodal center to be built near the airport known as Flagler

909:

In addition to the expected increase in cargo traffic, the Port of Miami recently stated that October 2010 was its busiest October ever for cruise vacations. The port had a record 346,513 cruise passengers that October, up 29% from October 2009. This follows a record year in cruise traffic, with 4.15

703:

through its twin two-lane tunnels, the top of the tunnels lie over 60 feet (18.3 m) below the seabed. The project created nearly 1,000 jobs as of 2011, with 70% reported as local; project executives promised that many of the construction jobs would go to local contractors. Along with the related Deep

568:

The project was approved after decades of planning and discussion in December 2007, but was temporarily cancelled a year later. Construction began in May 2010. The tunnel boring machine began work in November 2011 and completed the second tunnel in May 2013. The tunnel was opened to traffic on August

1165:

The tunnel was officially opened to commercial and private traffic on August 3, 2014, after minor mechanical delays pushed back the originally scheduled June 2014 opening date. The general contractor Bouygues was fined $ 115,000 for every day that the tunnel was not open, losing millions of dollars.

1120:

Work on the Port of Miami Tunnel project began on Watson Island and Dodge Island, including work on the MacArthur Causeway, in May 2010. Groundbreaking on the construction project was unannounced and considered secret, as the groundbreaking was scheduled for June 2010, but actually took place on May

947:

As for cargo traffic, truckers state that despite the longer miles, they can make more trips per day at Port Everglades. Also, they blame the port itself for this, not the Downtown traffic. They state that at Port Everglades, they can make three to four runs a day, versus Port of Miami where "you're

855:

by those who oppose it, stating that the city can't afford it. In fact, the city did have difficulty providing its $ 50 million portion of the funding for the project. Some believe it may create traffic problems on the MacArthur Causeway; environmentalists worry about the potentially negative impact

1182:

with a piece of equipment that got stuck. The intention was that they would be allowed to put 55,000 cubic yards (42,050.5 m) of fill there provided that they use it to build a berm to block the view of Virginia Key's sewage water treatment plant. The fill that was dumped on Virginia Key was mainly

1149:

The tunnel boring machine was longer than a football field at 540 feet (160 m) long, and over 40 feet (12 m) in diameter. It was used to bore two side by side 43 feet (13 m) diameter tunnels, one for each direction, each 3,900 feet (1.1 km) long. The tunnel boring machine itself

1128:

was built in Germany and had to be re-assembled in Florida after arriving in crates on the 168 metres (551 ft) cargo ship Combi Dock 1 on Thursday, June 23, 2011, and being assembled in the median of the causeway where the construction is taking place. Both directions of the MacArthur Causeway

1048:

Additionally, the population of Downtown Miami nearly doubled from 2000 to 2010, and is expected to increase by several thousand more in the current decade, largely due to many new high rise condo developments in the downtown area adding thousands of housing units which will benefit from having the

1036:

The developers for a once planned project for the north side of downtown, known as Miami City Square, stated that the heavy truck traffic and congestion in that area was a "grave concern." The Omni Community Redevelopment Agency used a $ 50 million loan from Wachovia to donate towards financing the

1091:

ships to traverse the canal. This is predicted to cause a major increase in the Port of Miami's cargo traffic, which would overwhelm the intersection of Port Boulevard and Biscayne Boulevard without the tunnel. In 2009, 870,000 trucks moved cargo in and out of the port; and port officials estimate

791:

When construction is completed, FDOT will make availability payments to the concessionaire. These payments will be contingent upon actual lane availability and service quality: if the tunnel is closed or the road is in bad condition, part or all of the payment for that period may be withheld. The

707:

Before completion of the tunnel, in 2009, nearly 16,000 vehicles travelled to and from PortMiami through downtown streets each weekday. Truck traffic made up 28% (or 4,480) of this number (Source: 2009 PB Americas Traffic Study). In 2010 it was estimated that around 19,000 vehicles traveled to the

1202:

on the mainland in downtown, where Miami-Dade County was conducting a study on the effects it would have. This proposal was quickly retracted after public outcry due to the fact that the currently closed off waterfront lot, known as "Parcel B," is slated to soon be a long anticipated public park.

577:

The idea of a tunnel connecting the Port of Miami to Watson Island was first conceived in the 1980s as a way to reduce traffic congestion in downtown Miami. Prior to the tunnel's opening, the only route for PortMiami traffic was a two-lane drawbridge that emptied out into the streets of downtown

871:

The contractor stated that they will continue without the additional requested money if FDOT denies it, but it may end up as a court case as the contractor seeks it later. On July 19, the FDOT denied the request for more money to the contractor, stating that the geological issue cited was not as

999:

Opposition to the railroad line returning to service included that it would be as much of a problem to downtown traffic as the container trucks and that the noise would be a disturbance to nearby residents. As with before, however, trains are occasional and reserved for specialty loads, such as

795:

The originally scheduled June 2014 opening was delayed due to several mechanical problems, including leaky pipes, broken exhaust fans due to sudden vibrations, and failing bolts. The general contractor Bouygues was fined $ 115,000 for every day that the tunnel was not open, losing millions of

708:

port daily but that only 16% were trucks. Existing truck and bus routes restricted the port's ability to grow, driving up costs for port users and presenting safety hazards. They were also thought to congest and limit redevelopment of the northern portion of Miami's Central Business District.

880:

Although there is great speculation that the Port of Miami Tunnel project is both unnecessary and a waste of taxpayer dollars, it is expected to have positive benefits in the long run which coincide with several other related projects predicted to increase its traffic, many, such as the

850:

Downtown business owners have referred to it as the "tunnel to no where," stating that no one will use it. In 1992, 32,000 vehicles entered the port daily, a number which later dropped to nearly half that, but had once again risen to around 19,000 by 2011. It has been regarded as a

716:), supporting over 11,000 jobs directly with an average salary of $ 50,000, a competitive player in international trade. The Port of Miami provides 176,000 jobs, $ 6.4 billion in wages and $ 17 billion in economic output. (Source: 2007 Port of Miami Economic Impact Study). 1132:

The machine, which weighs more than 2,500 tons, was assembled in a 65-foot (20 m) deep pit known as the launching pad located in between two concrete walls in the median of the causeway, which only left a 42-foot (13 m) cutter visible from the road. According to

826:

the financing structure of the plan is notable for the amount of financial risk taken by the builders in return for the long term concession on the tunnel. Opposition to the project states that it is a waste of taxpayer money, and may become Miami's

1000:

oversized loads and hazardous materials, which will be banned from the tunnel. It was also stated that the trains, which will be able to go up to 30 mph on the newly renovated line versus the old limit of 5 mph, will be able to cross

779:

SARL); the remaining 10% by France's Bouygues Travaux Publics SA, operating as Dragages Concession Florida Inc. The Port of Miami Tunnel Project was one of the first P3s in Florida, and the first availability-based P3 deal in the US, after the

711:

The Port of Miami Tunnel includes providing a direct connection from the Port of Miami to highways via Watson Island to I-395 and, along with the deep dredge, keeping the Port of Miami, the county's second largest economic generator (after

1162:, which currently has three traffic lanes in each direction and a sidewalk on the eastbound side, will be widened to four 12-foot (3.7 m) wide traffic lanes with a ten-foot inner and outer shoulder, as well as a six-foot sidewalk. 2263: 1137:, as of June 2011, 899 jobs had been created by the project, with over 70% being from the 305 area code (Miami-Dade County). The construction is projected to take 47 months, with the tunnel being finished in 2014. The French firm 1207:

on Watson Island has accused the tunnel builders of trespassing for storing equipment on his property as well as for using the road that passes through his property. FDOT and city officials said the use of the land is permitted.

1178:. They were supposed to be dumping the fill on Virginia Key on the degraded northwest side, but were found dumping it 80 to 100 yards (73.1 to 94.5 m) from the designated spot, where they damaged wetlands and killed about 40 986:

across the United States, as well as re-establish the port's on-dock rail capability (loading and unloading directly between ships and trains). The railroad bridge connecting the Port of Miami to the mainland was damaged by

1154:. No explosives are said to be used on the construction of the tunnel. Drilling of the tunnel itself commenced in mid-November 2011, with the drilling machine beginning work on the Watson Island tunnel entrance. 847:(FDOT) promised that the project would finish on time and without overruns. They also state that truck traffic is not a problem in Downtown, and that since 1991 car and truck traffic had reduced significantly. 1004:

in 90 seconds. The current plan is for the line to be strictly for intermodal services, with the project including a rail yard and station at the port, however, in the future a passenger station may be added.

1052:

It was estimated that 46% to 80% of the passenger vehicles, many of which are shuttle buses and taxis and make up nearly three quarters of the total port traffic will use the tunnel after it was completed.

1141:

Construction has been put in charge of operating the tunnel boring machine, which was nicknamed "Harriet" in July 2011 after a naming competition was sponsored by MAT and the FDOT, and carried out by the

3326: 856:

the construction could have on the Biscayne Bay. An ominous foreshadowing of cost overruns, Miami Access Tunnel requested money from a $ 150 million reserve fund in July 2011 for the unexpected need to

731:

The tunnel project is a public-private partnership (PPP or P3), designed to transfer the responsibility to design, build, finance, operate, and maintain the project to the private sector. Ten banks,

3483: 675:, which terminates into State Route A1A at the Miami city limit on the MacArthur Causeway, as well as Interstate 95, directly to PortMiami. The port was previously only connected to the mainland by 3433: 1203:

There has also been minor controversy over speculation that a yacht allegedly owned by Bouygues may have been bought with public money. A Bouygues spokesperson denied this claim. The owner of the

4221: 2474: 628:

An overview of the Port Miami Tunnel project. In this map, the areas marked in orange signify the route of the tunnel, while areas marked in blue signify associated ramps and infrastructure.

1025:

Another major benefit of the tunnel will be the redirecting of the large number of vehicles (nearly 16,000 daily; 2009 estimate), many of them container trucks and cruise buses, that cross

3071: 2182: 3753: 3900: 590: 3758: 3748: 3333: 1657: 4265: 4006: 3966: 2604: 1684: 3870: 2353: 691:

to bypass the congested Downtown Miami area, which is considered to be especially crucial with the large increase in trade traffic expected to be created by the

3192: 2053: 971: 569:

3, 2014. In the first month after opening, the tunnel averaged 7,000 vehicles per day, and nearly 16,000 vehicles now travel to the port on a typical weekday.

2026: 3437: 3951: 3865: 2556: 2482: 1096:'s (Twenty-foot Equivalent Units). After the canal expansion and port dredging, ships as large as 7,500 to 8,500 TEU's will be able to dock there. 752: 3219: 1851: 1795: 2428: 2131: 636:

by one lane in each direction leading up to the tunnel entrance, the relocation of Parrot Jungle Trail, and the reconstruction of roadways on

1431: 3620: 3026: 910:

million cruise passengers in the 12 months that ended in September. This is partially due to the arrival of new cruise ships such as the

683:(Biscayne Boulevard) and traveling through downtown. The project also includes roadway improvements to the connection between I-395 and 4290: 4285: 1518: 3774: 2757: 2504: 2186: 843:. Many believe that the Port of Miami Tunnel Project will be likely to have similar cost overruns, even though the Secretary of the 3830: 1174:

In March 2011, one of the sub contractors of Bouygues fell under criticism for the dumping of tunnel fill on sensitive wetlands on

983: 648:

was responsible for the design of the roadways, Langan Engineering & Environmental Services was the geotechnical engineer, and

2735: 2238: 4295: 3574: 2526: 2105: 1143: 425: 17: 2579: 1627: 565:, which was in charge of designing, building, and financing the project and holds a 30-year concession to operate the tunnel. 2902: 440: 1881: 3529: 3003: 1661: 1438: 1129:

have remained open during the assembly of the machine except for nighttime lane closures and delays on the westbound side.

844: 554: 313: 153: 2612: 3743: 3094: 4280: 4226: 3738: 3385: 3166: 2879: 2403: 652:

was the prime contractor for the tunnel project itself. Chosen due to their key involvement in the construction of the

445: 2357: 1324: 4057: 3708: 3408: 3143: 2951: 1688: 1543: 1492: 1406: 1233: 882: 3506: 3196: 2380: 2308: 2057: 1975: 1302: 864:

beneath the surface so that the tunnel boring machine cuts more smoothly. This request alarmed new Miami-Dade Mayor

3613: 3305: 3265: 1460: 1030: 430: 1013: 3850: 3561: 2834:"Walmart in downtown Miami? Company confirms discussions have taken place, but says no agreements have been made" 2030: 2001: 1248: 736: 457: 3556: 3291: 1799: 1243: 550: 435: 1767: 1061: 3860: 2530: 1551: 1076: 1070: 692: 452: 1350: 4072: 3961: 3779: 2999: 2285: 1079:

that will see the port dredged deeper to accommodate larger ships expected following the completion of the

929: 417: 1565: 640:. The tunnel itself has two side by side tubes carrying traffic underneath the cruise ship channel of the 4270: 3935: 3657: 3606: 2810: 1093: 713: 664:

community in Miami, due to the company's involvement with locally opposed construction projects in Cuba.

605:, and the State of Florida. Despite this, in April 2009, following intense lobbying by Miami-Dade Mayor 4216: 4107: 3915: 3784: 3629: 3242: 975: 558: 1735: 1271: 1083:, now expected to be completed in 2016 (previously 2014). This will allow much larger ships, known as 3925: 3845: 1859: 1803: 1112: 4092: 3971: 3880: 3809: 3682: 3672: 1018: 781: 668: 645: 589:

Federal funding for a preliminary study into the tunnel proposal was included in the controversial

365: 3048: 2634: 4128: 4062: 3885: 3794: 1199: 680: 579: 2978:"Major logistics centers vital to leverage growth at Port of Miami, Miami International Airport" 2657: 704:

Dredge and Panama Canal Expansion, over 30,000 jobs are expected to be created in the long run.

4300: 4275: 4077: 4027: 4001: 3981: 3976: 3956: 3920: 3905: 3840: 3804: 1150:

cost $ 45 million and was custom built for the Port of Miami Tunnel Project by the German firm

1080: 886: 796:

dollars. The tunnel was officially opened to commercial and private traffic on August 3, 2014.

684: 672: 606: 492: 477: 352: 77: 3507:"Does Bouygues, Contractor On The $ 1 Billion Port Of Miami Tunnel, Have A $ 1 Million Yacht?" 920:. Despite this, the Port of Miami has recently been losing cruise and cargo traffic to nearby 4042: 4037: 3991: 3573: 1225: 1184: 1125: 1104: 538: 1825: 4190: 4138: 4087: 4082: 4032: 3910: 3825: 3723: 3667: 2684:"Million-square-foot Flagler logistics hub key piece of Miami's international trade puzzle" 1595: 1188: 932:, which is headquartered in Miami, chose Port Everglades as home for its new cruise ships, 3116: 2761: 2708: 2330: 2208: 865: 8: 3855: 3652: 3647: 3460: 2977: 2925: 2856: 2833: 2787: 2683: 2451: 2264:"Miami Port Tunnel threatened again as SEC orders Miami to turn over its financial books" 2159: 1944: 1522: 1204: 1195: 956: 2083: 4102: 3986: 3875: 3718: 1194:

One other potential infill site that was briefly suggested is an inlet located between

1159: 1045:

are two proposed major development planned for the area where congestion is a concern.

1042: 1026: 1001: 940: 852: 740: 633: 602: 534: 356: 2534: 804: 4153: 4133: 4067: 4047: 4011: 3996: 3565: 1658:"City-County team up to secure federal funding for Port of Miami Deep Dredge Project" 965: 934: 2557:"Port Everglades: 300 million for Dredging in 2 billion dollar expansion plan (USA)" 1915: 4195: 4169: 4148: 4112: 4097: 2687: 1948: 1631: 979: 764: 688: 529:. It consists of two parallel tunnels (one in each direction) that travel beneath 4143: 3799: 3703: 3677: 3598: 2242: 2109: 1496: 1376: 988: 925: 921: 812: 748: 744: 518: 243: 687:, also known as the Dolphin Expressway, at Interstate 95. The tunnel will allow 3930: 3733: 3713: 3662: 1771: 912: 785: 700: 676: 660:, the selection of Bouygues was also met with controversy and protested by the 653: 641: 612:

Prior to 2008, the project had been estimated at a total cost of $ 3.1 billion

514: 58: 39: 3593: 3588: 3359: 868:

when it was brought up at his first commissioners meeting as mayor on July 7.

4259: 4200: 4052: 3895: 3890: 3698: 3167:"Assembly of tunnel boring machine to cause MacArthur Causeway lane closures" 2354:"Firm building Miami tunnel seeks more money months before starting to drill" 1179: 1038: 917: 624: 594: 388: 369: 261: 87: 2788:"Florida East Coast Rail line to haul 5% of cargo trucks from Port of Miami" 1710: 3835: 3789: 3412: 3310: 2955: 2478: 1979: 1885: 1599: 1410: 1219: 1175: 1151: 970:

The Port of Miami was also recently awarded a federal grant as part of the

901: 890: 840: 822: 696: 637: 546: 530: 337: 97: 3728: 3434:"USA: Officials Propose Virginia Key Park's North Point for Dumping Site" 2608: 1238: 1084: 832: 732: 661: 632:

The Port of Miami Tunnel project involved the design and widening of the

598: 2381:"Florida officials deny reserve funds for Port of Miami tunnel builders" 839:, which was a $ 4 billion project that ended up costing $ 22 billion in 724: 583: 4222:

List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Florida

3363: 2635:"Back to the Future: Port of Miami & Florida East Coast Railway?" 2583: 2429:"USA: Port of Miami Deep Dredge Project to Double its Cargo Capacity" 2005: 1919: 1855: 1134: 992:

Logistics Hub, which was planned to be built on 300 acres of land in

861: 816:

Traveling uphill towards the PortMiami portal from MacArthur Causeway

760: 542: 3583: 1563: 2351: 1138: 1075:

The timing of the tunnel's construction and opening coincides with

808:

Center of the tunnel traveling from MacArthur Causeway to PortMiami

776: 772: 649: 272: 127: 3324: 2183:"Is the Port of Miami Tunnel Our Big Dig or OurTunnel to Nowhere?" 2160:"Monster boring machine from Germany to dig Port of Miami tunnels" 1065:

Container trucks from the Port of Miami traveling through downtown

3633: 3120: 2712: 2212: 1623: 1088: 993: 828: 526: 398: 62: 3217: 2880:"Genting Group is betting on Miami as future resort destination" 2527:"Royal Caribbean Announces Allure Of The Seas' Inaugural Season" 1493:"Port Of Miami Tunnel Project Could Be South Florida's Big Dig" 836: 768: 657: 3095:"Ship carrying tunnel boring machine to dock at Port of Miami" 2577: 287: 3092: 2857:"Miami to ease financial pressures by refinancing some loans" 1651: 1649: 857: 756: 522: 2871: 1589: 1587: 1585: 1583: 1108:

Preparing for construction on Watson Island (September 2010)

699:. Projected to eventually carry 26,000 vehicles a day under 2452:"Outlook for small business financing is becoming brighter" 209: 2309:"Five Reasons Carlos Gimenez Is The Wrong Man For The Job" 1882:"Video: Animation showing what the tunnel would look like" 1646: 1564:

Julia Neyman and Oscar Pedro Musibay (December 13, 2007).

1976:"Miami can't afford to have Port of Miami tunnel delayed" 1580: 1544:"30 Years Ago This Week: Reagan’s 1987 Highway Bill Veto" 1087:, which will have a capacity of more than double that of 613: 3530:"Tunnel builder accused of trespassing on seaplane base" 3144:"Drivers hit the brakes for road construction in S. Fla" 2232: 2230: 1938: 1936: 1736:"Florida DOT Mulls Bids on $ 1-Billion Miami Tunnel Job" 1516: 3117:"Boring equipment brought for port tunnel construction" 2549: 2081: 1969: 1967: 1965: 982:

and the Port of Miami, directly connecting the port to

3383: 3332:. Florida Department of Transportation. Archived from 2945: 2943: 2423: 2421: 2051: 2029:. TransportationNation. March 17, 2011. Archived from 1407:"Port of Miami tunnel project on track for June start" 1265: 1263: 972:

Transportation Investment Generating Economic Recovery

3211: 2926:"Port of Miami seeks funds for 'Deep Dredge' project" 2227: 1933: 1400: 1398: 1056: 944:, at the time the largest cruise ships in the world. 3475: 3400: 3193:"A giant step for Port of Miami tunnel construction" 3186: 3184: 3027:"Dig This: Port of Miami Tunnel Construction Begins" 2831: 2475:"Port of Miami had busiest October ever for cruises" 2352:

Alfonso Chardy and Martha Brannigan (July 7, 2011).

2153: 2151: 2149: 2019: 1962: 1874: 1215: 974:(TIGER) program to restore a connection between the 3426: 3377: 3325:POMT Public Affairs Program Office (June 2, 2010). 3218:Alfonso Chardy, The Miami Herald (August 9, 2011). 3135: 2940: 2681: 2675: 2418: 2395: 2278: 2239:"Port of Miami Tunnel is a waste of taxpayer money" 1945:"Port of Miami tunnel project is indeed a big bore" 1676: 1519:"Fate of Miami tunnel hangs on today's Senate vote" 1486: 1484: 1482: 1480: 1478: 1303:"Decades after conception, Miami has a port tunnel" 1260: 719: 3628: 3318: 3306:"PortMiami tunnel digging reaches end of the line" 3220:"Miami tunnel boring machine gets a name: Harriet" 2903:"Port Miami Tunnel marks first month of operation" 2781: 2779: 2507:. South Florida Business Journal. October 20, 2010 2497: 2306: 2300: 1395: 3521: 3351: 3181: 3158: 3086: 3063: 2992: 2848: 2727: 2466: 2372: 2209:"Work on the Port of Miami tunnel gets under way" 2146: 2045: 1909: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1655: 1510: 4266:Transportation buildings and structures in Miami 4257: 3458: 3452: 3360:"Rogue Contractor Dumps Tunnel Fill In Wetlands" 2975: 2854: 2785: 2733: 2597: 2578:Jeanette Sheppard, Hank Tester (July 15, 2011). 2401: 2345: 1916:"Port of Miami Tunnel Dig to Get Into High Gear" 1818: 1682: 1475: 1424: 3436:. Dredging Today. June 28, 2011. Archived from 3406: 3093:Lidia Dinkova, Alfonso Chardy (June 23, 2011). 3072:"Machine to drill Port of Miami tunnel arrives" 2969: 2952:"Port of Miami puts rail project on fast track" 2900: 2894: 2776: 2443: 2124: 2098: 1973: 1845: 1843: 1557: 1458: 561:, and the City of Miami—and the private entity 3527: 3504: 3481: 3357: 3190: 3141: 3069: 3024: 2949: 2750: 2649: 2571: 2519: 2472: 2449: 2378: 2157: 2077: 2075: 1900: 1618: 1616: 1593: 1404: 905:Seven cruise ships docked at the Port of Miami 3614: 3164: 3041: 3018: 2877: 2736:"FEC rail project starts – 800 jobs expected" 2709:"Port of Miami rail connection breaks ground" 2627: 2266:. South East Shipping News. December 12, 2009 2180: 1942: 3461:"Downtown Miami inlet a dredging dump site?" 3240: 2802: 2655: 2331:"New Mayor attends first commission meeting" 2256: 2174: 2002:"Port of Miami Tunnel Digging Up Local Jobs" 1993: 1852:"Actual Work Spotted at Port Tunnel Project" 1840: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1703: 1461:"Tunnel To PortMiami Opening Sunday Morning" 1037:tunnel construction. Resorts World Miami by 875: 723: 2808: 2580:"Port of Miami Rail Project Groundbreaking" 2072: 1999: 1913: 1849: 1790: 1788: 1765: 1613: 1596:"Planned Miami port tunnel: Can we dig it?" 960:The rail line being redone in November 2011 775:Infrastructure Miami LLC (Luxembourg based 3621: 3607: 3234: 3109: 2923: 2917: 2701: 2201: 2082:Chrissy Mancini Nichols (March 21, 2011). 1730: 1728: 1517:Pat Burson, Larry Lipman (April 1, 1987). 1452: 1116:Construction on Watson Island (March 2011) 38: 3578: 2323: 2236: 1750: 1566:"Miami OKs Marlins' stadium, port tunnel" 1490: 3384:Miami Herald Editorial (June 25, 2011). 3263: 2052:Miami Herald Editorial (July 14, 2011). 1785: 1111: 1103: 1060: 1012: 955: 900: 811: 803: 623: 3575:Template:Attached KML/Port Miami Tunnel 2825: 2605:"Miami port rail link construction set" 2505:"Cruise traffic soars at Port of Miami" 1725: 1622: 1269: 14: 4258: 3409:"Tunnel contractor makes wetland mess" 3266:"Port of Miami tunnel drilling starts" 2832:Yudislaidy Fernandez (July 24, 2008). 2760:. Miami-Dade.gov. 2010. Archived from 2682:Zachary S. Fagenson (March 10, 2011). 2402:Andrew D. Melick (December 12, 2010). 1685:"Miami needs Colombia free-trade pact" 1628:"Port Of Miami Tunnel Project Revived" 1383:. Florida Department of Transportation 1357:. Florida Department of Transportation 1331:. Florida Department of Transportation 1300: 1144:Girl Scout Council of Tropical Florida 1017:Container trucks leaving the port for 1008: 597:, who complained that the bill was a " 586:) without traveling through downtown. 553:between three government entities—the 3602: 3498: 3264:Viglucci, Andre (November 14, 2011). 2811:"FDT Deems Port Tunnel "Really Sexy"" 2106:"Miami Tunnel PPP-full deal analysis" 3484:"A Waterfront Park for All to Enjoy" 3386:"Don't make Virginia Key a casualty" 3243:"Port of Miami Tunnel gets underway" 3004:Florida Department of Transportation 2473:Doreen Hemlock (December 21, 2010). 2134:. Project Finance. November 19, 2009 2132:"Port of Miami Tunnel: Digging deep" 1439:Florida Department of Transportation 1296: 1294: 1292: 1270:Lincoff, Nina (September 24, 2014). 845:Florida Department of Transportation 555:Florida Department of Transportation 3292:"Port of Miami Tunnel Halfway Done" 2901:Muiz, Andria C. (October 1, 2014). 2431:. Dredging Today. November 26, 2010 2307:Francisco Alvarado (May 24, 2011). 2084:"PPP Profiles:Port of Miami Tunnel" 1796:"Case Studies-Port of Miami Tunnel" 1683:Jose Perez Jones (March 20, 2011). 1656:Miami Dade County (July 13, 2010). 1594:Larry Lebowitz (January 15, 2008). 667:The project connects the east/west 24: 4227:List of movable bridges in Florida 3459:Jacquelyn Weiner (June 16, 2011). 3407:Andres Viglucci (March 11, 2011). 2950:Alfonso Chardy (August 21, 2010). 2734:Ashley D. Torres (July 15, 2011). 1828:. Edward Redlich. October 14, 2010 1459:Newland, Maggie (August 2, 2014). 1057:Deep Dredge/Panama Canal expansion 951: 25: 4312: 4291:Road tunnels in the United States 4286:Undersea tunnels in North America 3547: 3505:Michael Miller (March 23, 2011). 3482:Erik Bojnansky (August 4, 2011). 3358:Janie Campbell (March 12, 2011). 2976:Zachary Fagenson (June 9, 2011). 2855:Jacquelyn Weiner (June 2, 2011). 2786:Zachary Fagenson (June 2, 2011). 2158:Ashley Hopkins (April 13, 2011). 2000:Hank Tester (September 1, 2010). 1405:Alfonso Chardy (April 17, 2010). 1289: 1234:Port of Miami Deep Dredge Project 1031:Arts & Entertainment District 896: 883:Port of Miami Deep Dredge Project 513:) is a 4,200-foot (1,300 m) 3528:Alfonso Chardy (July 31, 2011). 3191:Alfonso Chardy (June 20, 2011). 3070:Alfonso Chardy (June 23, 2011). 2924:Uncredited (November 26, 2010). 2738:. South Florida Business Journal 2404:"How much should Seaport spend?" 2379:Alfonso Chardy (July 19, 2011). 2054:"Ready to rake in the big bucks" 1974:Alyce Robertson (May 25, 2010). 1766:Shelly Sigo (October 19, 2009). 1568:. South Florida Business Journal 1301:Chardy, Alfonso (May 17, 2014). 1218: 1169: 966:PortMiami § Railroad access 720:Public-private partnership (PPP) 679:, which is accessed by crossing 487: 472: 360: 347: 301:SR 887 highlighted in black 286: 72: 3589:2005 POM Tunnel animation video 3298: 3284: 3257: 3165:Lidia Dinkova (June 27, 2011). 3142:Alfonso Chardy (May 17, 2011). 3025:Brian Hamacher (May 24, 2010). 2878:Elaine Walker (July 31, 2011). 2611:. July 13, 2011. Archived from 2559:. Dredging Today. March 3, 2010 2450:Marilyn Bowden (May 26, 2011). 2185:. Transit Miami. Archived from 2086:. Metropolitan Planning Council 1738:. Engineering News-Record. 2007 1660:. MiamiDade.gov. Archived from 1536: 1249:Transportation in South Florida 1099: 1033:, valued at over $ 12 billion. 737:Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria 4296:2014 establishments in Florida 3195:. Miami Herald. Archived from 2905:. Miami's Community Newspapers 2658:"Seaport rail to expand again" 2356:. Miami Herald. Archived from 2181:Felipe Azenha (June 2, 2010). 2056:. Miami Herald. Archived from 1943:Risa Polansky (July 8, 2010). 1800:Federal Highway Administration 1768:"Mimai Tunnel Reaches Closure" 1687:. Miami Herald. Archived from 1369: 1343: 1317: 1244:Panama Canal expansion project 784:(I-595) renovation project in 593:which was vetoed by President 256:43 feet (13 m) per tunnel 205: 13: 1: 3049:"Combi Dock I (IMO: 9400473)" 2809:Hank Tester (June 11, 2010). 2531:Royal Caribbean International 2288:. Miami Herald. June 23, 2011 1914:Hank Tester (June 20, 2011). 1850:Hank Tester (April 2, 2010). 1552:Eno Center for Transportation 1254: 1077:PortMiami Deep Dredge Project 1071:PortMiami Deep Dredge Project 916:, as well as the cruise line 3594:Newer Tunnel animation video 3584:Port of Miami Tunnel website 2656:Blake, Scott (May 7, 2014). 1351:"Public Private Partnership" 1121:24, 2010, without ceremony. 930:Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines 799: 418:Florida State Highway System 7: 1272:"Port tunnel traffic grows" 1211: 831:, the nickname of a tunnel 714:Miami International Airport 695:and the enlargement of the 619: 10: 4317: 4217:List of bridges in Florida 2237:Erik Maza (June 3, 2010). 1491:Erik Maza (June 2, 2010). 1068: 976:Florida East Coast Railway 963: 872:extensive as MAT claimed. 572: 551:public–private partnership 4281:Tunnels completed in 2014 4235: 4209: 4183: 4162: 4121: 4020: 3944: 3818: 3767: 3691: 3640: 2027:"A Man, A Plan, A Tunnel" 1548:Eno Transportation Weekly 876:Benefits/related projects 465: 413: 408: 404: 394: 384: 379: 375: 343: 332: 327: 319: 311: 306: 299: 283: 270: 260: 252: 242: 234: 226: 218: 204: 200:4,200 feet (1,300 m) 196: 191: 183: 175: 167: 159: 149: 134: 123: 108: 103: 93: 83: 68: 54: 49: 37: 646:Jacobs Engineering Group 138:August 3, 2014 27:Tunnel in Miami, Florida 3000:"Construction schedule" 2333:. WSVN-TV. July 7, 2011 2286:"Letters to the Editor" 1200:American Airlines Arena 163:MAT Concessionaire, LLC 4028:Blackburn Point Bridge 3327:"Technical Fact Sheet" 2533:. 2009. Archived from 1802:. 2010. Archived from 1713:. Critical Miami. 2005 1711:"Port of Miami tunnel" 1325:"Port of Miami Tunnel" 1117: 1109: 1081:Panama Canal expansion 1066: 1022: 961: 906: 887:Panama Canal expansion 817: 809: 728: 629: 563:MAT Concessionaire LLC 238:−120 feet (−37 m) 112:May 24, 2010 44:Watson Island entrance 18:Florida State Road 887 3339:on September 29, 2011 3241:Shani Wallis (2010). 2637:. MiamiDade.gov. 2010 2615:on September 27, 2011 1826:"Port of Miami Cargo" 1634:on September 26, 2011 1381:portofmiamitunnel.com 1355:portofmiamitunnel.com 1226:Transportation portal 1185:Rickenbacker Causeway 1126:tunnel boring machine 1115: 1107: 1069:Further information: 1064: 1016: 964:Further information: 959: 904: 815: 807: 727: 627: 273:portofmiamitunnel.com 3754:Herman C. McCray Jr. 3579:KML is from Wikidata 2764:on November 11, 2010 2485:on December 26, 2010 1664:on September 5, 2010 1189:Miami Marine Stadium 656:, a major tunnel in 549:. It was built in a 507:Port of Miami Tunnel 248:15 feet (4.6 m) 33:Port of Miami Tunnel 3780:Clearwater Memorial 3630:Bridges and tunnels 2928:. SandandGravel.com 1806:on January 17, 2011 1523:The Palm Beach Post 1009:Downtown congestion 693:Deep Dredge Project 603:Babcock & Brown 34: 4271:Tunnels in Florida 3749:Little Lake Harris 3463:. Miami Today News 3199:on October 8, 2011 2836:. Miami Today News 2360:on August 10, 2011 2112:. October 23, 2009 2060:on August 11, 2011 1888:. January 15, 2008 1626:(April 16, 2009). 1191:, and Norris Cut. 1160:MacArthur Causeway 1118: 1110: 1067: 1043:Miami World Center 1027:Biscayne Boulevard 1023: 1002:Biscayne Boulevard 962: 941:Allure of the Seas 907: 853:boondoggle project 818: 810: 741:RBS Citizens, N.A. 729: 634:MacArthur Causeway 630: 535:MacArthur Causeway 357:MacArthur Causeway 336:Port Boulevard on 187:7000 (August 2014) 32: 4253: 4252: 4246: 4241: 3881:Merrill P. Barber 3785:Courtney Campbell 3673:St. George Island 3509:. Miami New Times 2311:. Miami New Times 1862:on March 13, 2012 1554:, March 27, 2017. 1432:"Project History" 1329:fdotmiamidade.com 1196:Bicentennial Park 935:Oasis of the Seas 866:Carlos A. Giménez 820:According to the 591:1987 highway bill 559:Miami-Dade County 533:, connecting the 503: 502: 499: 498: 307:Route information 279: 278: 227:Highest elevation 222:35 miles per hour 16:(Redirected from 4308: 4244: 4240:– Covered bridge 4239: 4149:Overseas Highway 4007:Thomas B. Manuel 3967:Flagler Memorial 3795:Howard Frankland 3744:Strauss Trunnion 3623: 3616: 3609: 3600: 3599: 3569: 3542: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3525: 3519: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3502: 3496: 3495: 3493: 3491: 3486:. Biscayne Times 3479: 3473: 3472: 3470: 3468: 3456: 3450: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3430: 3424: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3404: 3398: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3381: 3375: 3374: 3372: 3370: 3355: 3349: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3338: 3331: 3322: 3316: 3315: 3302: 3296: 3295: 3288: 3282: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3272:. Miami, Florida 3270:The Miami Herald 3261: 3255: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3238: 3232: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3215: 3209: 3208: 3206: 3204: 3188: 3179: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3162: 3156: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3139: 3133: 3132: 3130: 3128: 3113: 3107: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3090: 3084: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3067: 3061: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3045: 3039: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3022: 3016: 3015: 3013: 3011: 2996: 2990: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2973: 2967: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2947: 2938: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2921: 2915: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2898: 2892: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2875: 2869: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2852: 2846: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2829: 2823: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2806: 2800: 2799: 2797: 2795: 2783: 2774: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2758:"TIGER II Grant" 2754: 2748: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2731: 2725: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2705: 2699: 2698: 2696: 2694: 2688:Miami Today News 2679: 2673: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2653: 2647: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2631: 2625: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2601: 2595: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2575: 2569: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2553: 2547: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2537:on July 14, 2011 2523: 2517: 2516: 2514: 2512: 2501: 2495: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2481:. Archived from 2470: 2464: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2447: 2441: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2425: 2416: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2399: 2393: 2392: 2390: 2388: 2376: 2370: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2349: 2343: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2327: 2321: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2304: 2298: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2282: 2276: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2260: 2254: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2234: 2225: 2224: 2222: 2220: 2205: 2199: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2178: 2172: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2155: 2144: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2128: 2122: 2121: 2119: 2117: 2102: 2096: 2095: 2093: 2091: 2079: 2070: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2049: 2043: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2033:on July 27, 2011 2023: 2017: 2016: 2014: 2012: 1997: 1991: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1971: 1960: 1959: 1957: 1955: 1949:Miami Today News 1940: 1931: 1930: 1928: 1926: 1911: 1898: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1878: 1872: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1858:. Archived from 1847: 1838: 1837: 1835: 1833: 1822: 1816: 1815: 1813: 1811: 1792: 1783: 1782: 1780: 1778: 1763: 1748: 1747: 1745: 1743: 1732: 1723: 1722: 1720: 1718: 1707: 1701: 1700: 1698: 1696: 1691:on April 8, 2011 1680: 1674: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1653: 1644: 1643: 1641: 1639: 1630:. Archived from 1620: 1611: 1610: 1608: 1606: 1591: 1578: 1577: 1575: 1573: 1561: 1555: 1540: 1534: 1533: 1531: 1529: 1514: 1508: 1507: 1505: 1503: 1488: 1473: 1472: 1470: 1468: 1456: 1450: 1449: 1447: 1445: 1436: 1428: 1422: 1421: 1419: 1417: 1402: 1393: 1392: 1390: 1388: 1373: 1367: 1366: 1364: 1362: 1347: 1341: 1340: 1338: 1336: 1321: 1315: 1314: 1312: 1310: 1298: 1287: 1286: 1284: 1282: 1267: 1228: 1223: 1222: 1021:through downtown 765:Societe Generale 495: 491: 490: 480: 476: 475: 467: 466: 364: 363: 351: 350: 290: 281: 280: 275: 244:Tunnel clearance 235:Lowest elevation 207: 184:Vehicles per day 145: 143: 119: 117: 76: 75: 42: 35: 31: 21: 4316: 4315: 4311: 4310: 4309: 4307: 4306: 4305: 4256: 4255: 4254: 4249: 4231: 4205: 4179: 4170:Henry E. Kinney 4158: 4117: 4016: 3977:John F. Kennedy 3940: 3921:Sebastian Inlet 3814: 3810:Treasure Island 3805:Sunshine Skyway 3800:Pinellas Bayway 3763: 3704:Bridge of Lions 3687: 3636: 3627: 3580: 3577: 3572: 3571: 3570: 3554: 3550: 3545: 3535: 3533: 3526: 3522: 3512: 3510: 3503: 3499: 3489: 3487: 3480: 3476: 3466: 3464: 3457: 3453: 3443: 3441: 3432: 3431: 3427: 3417: 3415: 3405: 3401: 3391: 3389: 3382: 3378: 3368: 3366: 3356: 3352: 3342: 3340: 3336: 3329: 3323: 3319: 3304: 3303: 3299: 3290: 3289: 3285: 3275: 3273: 3262: 3258: 3248: 3246: 3239: 3235: 3225: 3223: 3216: 3212: 3202: 3200: 3189: 3182: 3172: 3170: 3163: 3159: 3149: 3147: 3140: 3136: 3126: 3124: 3123:. June 23, 2011 3115: 3114: 3110: 3100: 3098: 3091: 3087: 3077: 3075: 3068: 3064: 3054: 3052: 3051:. vesseltracker 3047: 3046: 3042: 3032: 3030: 3023: 3019: 3009: 3007: 2998: 2997: 2993: 2983: 2981: 2974: 2970: 2960: 2958: 2948: 2941: 2931: 2929: 2922: 2918: 2908: 2906: 2899: 2895: 2885: 2883: 2876: 2872: 2862: 2860: 2853: 2849: 2839: 2837: 2830: 2826: 2816: 2814: 2807: 2803: 2793: 2791: 2784: 2777: 2767: 2765: 2756: 2755: 2751: 2741: 2739: 2732: 2728: 2718: 2716: 2715:. July 15, 2011 2707: 2706: 2702: 2692: 2690: 2680: 2676: 2666: 2664: 2662:MiamiToday News 2654: 2650: 2640: 2638: 2633: 2632: 2628: 2618: 2616: 2603: 2602: 2598: 2588: 2586: 2576: 2572: 2562: 2560: 2555: 2554: 2550: 2540: 2538: 2525: 2524: 2520: 2510: 2508: 2503: 2502: 2498: 2488: 2486: 2471: 2467: 2457: 2455: 2448: 2444: 2434: 2432: 2427: 2426: 2419: 2409: 2407: 2400: 2396: 2386: 2384: 2377: 2373: 2363: 2361: 2350: 2346: 2336: 2334: 2329: 2328: 2324: 2314: 2312: 2305: 2301: 2291: 2289: 2284: 2283: 2279: 2269: 2267: 2262: 2261: 2257: 2247: 2245: 2243:Miami New Times 2235: 2228: 2218: 2216: 2215:. June 11, 2010 2207: 2206: 2202: 2192: 2190: 2189:on July 1, 2011 2179: 2175: 2165: 2163: 2156: 2147: 2137: 2135: 2130: 2129: 2125: 2115: 2113: 2110:Project Finance 2104: 2103: 2099: 2089: 2087: 2080: 2073: 2063: 2061: 2050: 2046: 2036: 2034: 2025: 2024: 2020: 2010: 2008: 1998: 1994: 1984: 1982: 1972: 1963: 1953: 1951: 1941: 1934: 1924: 1922: 1912: 1901: 1891: 1889: 1880: 1879: 1875: 1865: 1863: 1848: 1841: 1831: 1829: 1824: 1823: 1819: 1809: 1807: 1794: 1793: 1786: 1776: 1774: 1764: 1751: 1741: 1739: 1734: 1733: 1726: 1716: 1714: 1709: 1708: 1704: 1694: 1692: 1681: 1677: 1667: 1665: 1654: 1647: 1637: 1635: 1621: 1614: 1604: 1602: 1592: 1581: 1571: 1569: 1562: 1558: 1541: 1537: 1527: 1525: 1515: 1511: 1501: 1499: 1497:Miami New Times 1489: 1476: 1466: 1464: 1457: 1453: 1443: 1441: 1434: 1430: 1429: 1425: 1415: 1413: 1403: 1396: 1386: 1384: 1375: 1374: 1370: 1360: 1358: 1349: 1348: 1344: 1334: 1332: 1323: 1322: 1318: 1308: 1306: 1299: 1290: 1280: 1278: 1268: 1261: 1257: 1224: 1217: 1214: 1172: 1102: 1073: 1059: 1011: 989:Hurricane Wilma 968: 954: 952:Railroad access 926:Fort Lauderdale 922:Port Everglades 899: 878: 802: 749:Bayerische Hypo 745:Banco Santander 722: 644:shipping lane. 622: 575: 519:undersea tunnel 488: 486: 473: 471: 361: 348: 328:Major junctions 302: 295: 294: 291: 271: 219:Operating speed 141: 139: 115: 113: 73: 45: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4314: 4304: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4251: 4250: 4248: 4247: 4245:– Swing bridge 4242: 4236: 4233: 4232: 4230: 4229: 4224: 4219: 4213: 4211: 4207: 4206: 4204: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4191:Drayton Island 4187: 4185: 4181: 4180: 4178: 4177: 4172: 4166: 4164: 4160: 4159: 4157: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4125: 4123: 4119: 4118: 4116: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4043:Caloosahatchee 4040: 4035: 4030: 4024: 4022: 4018: 4017: 4015: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3948: 3946: 3942: 3941: 3939: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3886:Merritt Island 3883: 3878: 3873: 3871:Lake Underhill 3868: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3838: 3833: 3828: 3822: 3820: 3816: 3815: 3813: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3771: 3769: 3765: 3764: 3762: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3701: 3695: 3693: 3689: 3688: 3686: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3644: 3642: 3638: 3637: 3626: 3625: 3618: 3611: 3603: 3597: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3553: 3552: 3551: 3549: 3548:External links 3546: 3544: 3543: 3532:. Miami Herald 3520: 3497: 3474: 3451: 3440:on May 1, 2012 3425: 3399: 3388:. Miami Herald 3376: 3350: 3317: 3297: 3283: 3256: 3233: 3222:. Sun Sentinel 3210: 3180: 3169:. Miami Herald 3157: 3146:. Miami Herald 3134: 3108: 3097:. Miami Herald 3085: 3074:. Miami Herald 3062: 3040: 3017: 2991: 2968: 2939: 2916: 2893: 2882:. Miami Herald 2870: 2847: 2824: 2801: 2775: 2749: 2726: 2700: 2674: 2648: 2626: 2596: 2570: 2548: 2518: 2496: 2465: 2442: 2417: 2406:. Miami Herald 2394: 2383:. Miami Herald 2371: 2344: 2322: 2299: 2277: 2255: 2226: 2200: 2173: 2145: 2123: 2097: 2071: 2044: 2018: 1992: 1961: 1932: 1899: 1873: 1839: 1817: 1784: 1772:The Bond Buyer 1749: 1724: 1702: 1675: 1645: 1612: 1579: 1556: 1535: 1509: 1474: 1451: 1423: 1394: 1368: 1342: 1316: 1305:. Miami Herald 1288: 1258: 1256: 1253: 1252: 1251: 1246: 1241: 1236: 1230: 1229: 1213: 1210: 1180:mangrove trees 1171: 1168: 1101: 1098: 1058: 1055: 1010: 1007: 953: 950: 913:Norwegian Epic 898: 897:Cruise traffic 895: 877: 874: 801: 798: 786:Broward County 782:Interstate 595 721: 718: 701:Government Cut 685:State Road 836 677:Port Boulevard 673:State Road 836 669:Interstate 395 654:Channel Tunnel 642:Government Cut 621: 618: 607:Carlos Alvarez 574: 571: 511:State Road 887 501: 500: 497: 496: 483: 481: 463: 462: 461: 460: 455: 450: 449: 448: 446:Pre‑1945 443: 433: 428: 422: 421: 411: 410: 409:Highway system 406: 405: 402: 401: 396: 392: 391: 386: 382: 381: 377: 376: 373: 372: 345: 344:North end 341: 340: 334: 333:South end 330: 329: 325: 324: 321: 317: 316: 312:Maintained by 309: 308: 304: 303: 300: 297: 296: 293:State Road 887 292: 285: 284: 277: 276: 268: 267: 264: 258: 257: 254: 250: 249: 246: 240: 239: 236: 232: 231: 228: 224: 223: 220: 216: 215: 214:2 (per tunnel) 212: 202: 201: 198: 194: 193: 189: 188: 185: 181: 180: 177: 173: 172: 169: 165: 164: 161: 157: 156: 151: 147: 146: 136: 132: 131: 125: 121: 120: 110: 106: 105: 101: 100: 95: 91: 90: 85: 81: 80: 70: 66: 65: 56: 52: 51: 47: 46: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4313: 4302: 4301:Watson Island 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4276:Port of Miami 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4263: 4261: 4243: 4238: 4237: 4234: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4214: 4212: 4208: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4188: 4186: 4182: 4176: 4175:Port of Miami 4173: 4171: 4168: 4167: 4165: 4161: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4139:Jewfish Creek 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4126: 4124: 4120: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4088:Matanzas Pass 4086: 4084: 4083:Longboat Pass 4081: 4079: 4078:John Ringling 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4025: 4023: 4019: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3962:Coral Springs 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3949: 3947: 3943: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3826:A. Max Brewer 3824: 3823: 3821: 3817: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3772: 3770: 3766: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3724:Fuller Warren 3722: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3690: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3668:Pensacola Bay 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3645: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3624: 3619: 3617: 3612: 3610: 3605: 3604: 3601: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3581: 3576: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3558: 3531: 3524: 3508: 3501: 3485: 3478: 3462: 3455: 3439: 3435: 3429: 3414: 3410: 3403: 3387: 3380: 3365: 3361: 3354: 3335: 3328: 3321: 3313: 3312: 3307: 3301: 3293: 3287: 3271: 3267: 3260: 3244: 3237: 3221: 3214: 3198: 3194: 3187: 3185: 3168: 3161: 3145: 3138: 3122: 3118: 3112: 3096: 3089: 3073: 3066: 3050: 3044: 3028: 3021: 3005: 3001: 2995: 2980:. Miami Today 2979: 2972: 2957: 2953: 2946: 2944: 2927: 2920: 2904: 2897: 2881: 2874: 2859:. Miami Today 2858: 2851: 2835: 2828: 2812: 2805: 2790:. Miami Today 2789: 2782: 2780: 2763: 2759: 2753: 2737: 2730: 2714: 2710: 2704: 2689: 2685: 2678: 2663: 2659: 2652: 2636: 2630: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2600: 2585: 2581: 2574: 2558: 2552: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2522: 2506: 2500: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2469: 2454:. Miami Today 2453: 2446: 2430: 2424: 2422: 2405: 2398: 2382: 2375: 2359: 2355: 2348: 2332: 2326: 2310: 2303: 2287: 2281: 2265: 2259: 2244: 2240: 2233: 2231: 2214: 2210: 2204: 2188: 2184: 2177: 2162:. Miami Today 2161: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2133: 2127: 2111: 2107: 2101: 2085: 2078: 2076: 2059: 2055: 2048: 2032: 2028: 2022: 2007: 2003: 1996: 1981: 1977: 1970: 1968: 1966: 1950: 1946: 1939: 1937: 1921: 1917: 1910: 1908: 1906: 1904: 1887: 1883: 1877: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1846: 1844: 1827: 1821: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1791: 1789: 1773: 1769: 1762: 1760: 1758: 1756: 1754: 1737: 1731: 1729: 1712: 1706: 1690: 1686: 1679: 1663: 1659: 1652: 1650: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1619: 1617: 1601: 1597: 1590: 1588: 1586: 1584: 1567: 1560: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1542:Davis, Jeff. 1539: 1524: 1520: 1513: 1498: 1494: 1487: 1485: 1483: 1481: 1479: 1462: 1455: 1440: 1433: 1427: 1412: 1408: 1401: 1399: 1382: 1378: 1377:"General FAQ" 1372: 1356: 1352: 1346: 1330: 1326: 1320: 1304: 1297: 1295: 1293: 1277: 1273: 1266: 1264: 1259: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1231: 1227: 1221: 1216: 1209: 1206: 1205:seaplane base 1201: 1197: 1192: 1190: 1186: 1181: 1177: 1170:Controversies 1167: 1163: 1161: 1155: 1153: 1147: 1145: 1140: 1136: 1130: 1127: 1122: 1114: 1106: 1097: 1095: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1072: 1063: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1044: 1040: 1039:Genting Group 1034: 1032: 1028: 1020: 1019:Interstate 95 1015: 1006: 1003: 997: 995: 990: 985: 984:rail networks 981: 977: 973: 967: 958: 949: 945: 943: 942: 937: 936: 931: 927: 923: 919: 918:Costa Cruises 915: 914: 903: 894: 892: 888: 884: 873: 869: 867: 863: 859: 854: 848: 846: 842: 841:cost overruns 838: 834: 830: 825: 824: 814: 806: 797: 793: 789: 787: 783: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 726: 717: 715: 709: 705: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 665: 663: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 635: 626: 617: 615: 610: 608: 604: 600: 596: 595:Ronald Reagan 592: 587: 585: 581: 580:Interstate 95 570: 566: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 539:Watson Island 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 494: 484: 482: 479: 469: 468: 464: 459: 456: 454: 451: 447: 444: 442: 439: 438: 437: 434: 432: 429: 427: 424: 423: 420: 419: 415: 414: 412: 407: 403: 400: 397: 393: 390: 389:United States 387: 383: 378: 374: 371: 370:Watson Island 367: 358: 354: 346: 342: 339: 335: 331: 326: 322: 318: 315: 310: 305: 298: 289: 282: 274: 269: 265: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 211: 203: 199: 195: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 155: 152: 148: 137: 133: 129: 126: 122: 111: 107: 102: 99: 96: 92: 89: 88:Watson Island 86: 82: 79: 71: 67: 64: 60: 57: 53: 48: 41: 36: 30: 19: 4174: 4038:Bonita Beach 3992:Rickenbacker 3972:Julia Tuttle 3926:Torry Island 3831:Alma Lee Loy 3819:East Central 3768:West Central 3653:Garcon Point 3648:Escambia Bay 3555: 3534:. Retrieved 3523: 3511:. Retrieved 3500: 3488:. Retrieved 3477: 3465:. Retrieved 3454: 3442:. Retrieved 3438:the original 3428: 3416:. Retrieved 3413:Miami Herald 3402: 3390:. Retrieved 3379: 3367:. Retrieved 3353: 3341:. Retrieved 3334:the original 3320: 3311:Miami Herald 3309: 3300: 3286: 3276:November 29, 3274:. Retrieved 3269: 3259: 3247:. Retrieved 3245:. TunnelTalk 3236: 3224:. Retrieved 3213: 3201:. Retrieved 3197:the original 3171:. Retrieved 3160: 3148:. Retrieved 3137: 3125:. Retrieved 3111: 3099:. Retrieved 3088: 3076:. Retrieved 3065: 3053:. Retrieved 3043: 3031:. Retrieved 3020: 3008:. Retrieved 2994: 2982:. Retrieved 2971: 2959:. Retrieved 2956:Miami Herald 2930:. Retrieved 2919: 2907:. Retrieved 2896: 2884:. Retrieved 2873: 2861:. Retrieved 2850: 2838:. Retrieved 2827: 2815:. Retrieved 2804: 2792:. Retrieved 2766:. Retrieved 2762:the original 2752: 2740:. Retrieved 2729: 2717:. Retrieved 2703: 2691:. Retrieved 2677: 2665:. Retrieved 2661: 2651: 2639:. Retrieved 2629: 2617:. Retrieved 2613:the original 2599: 2587:. Retrieved 2573: 2561:. Retrieved 2551: 2539:. Retrieved 2535:the original 2521: 2509:. Retrieved 2499: 2487:. Retrieved 2483:the original 2479:Sun Sentinel 2468: 2456:. Retrieved 2445: 2433:. Retrieved 2408:. Retrieved 2397: 2385:. Retrieved 2374: 2362:. Retrieved 2358:the original 2347: 2335:. Retrieved 2325: 2313:. Retrieved 2302: 2290:. Retrieved 2280: 2268:. Retrieved 2258: 2246:. Retrieved 2217:. Retrieved 2203: 2191:. Retrieved 2187:the original 2176: 2164:. Retrieved 2136:. Retrieved 2126: 2114:. Retrieved 2100: 2088:. Retrieved 2062:. Retrieved 2058:the original 2047: 2035:. Retrieved 2031:the original 2021: 2009:. Retrieved 1995: 1983:. Retrieved 1980:Miami Herald 1952:. Retrieved 1923:. Retrieved 1890:. Retrieved 1886:Miami Herald 1876: 1864:. Retrieved 1860:the original 1830:. Retrieved 1820: 1808:. Retrieved 1804:the original 1775:. Retrieved 1740:. Retrieved 1715:. Retrieved 1705: 1693:. Retrieved 1689:the original 1678: 1666:. Retrieved 1662:the original 1636:. Retrieved 1632:the original 1603:. Retrieved 1600:Miami Herald 1570:. Retrieved 1559: 1547: 1538: 1526:. Retrieved 1512: 1500:. Retrieved 1465:. Retrieved 1454: 1442:. Retrieved 1426: 1414:. Retrieved 1411:Miami Herald 1385:. Retrieved 1380: 1371: 1359:. Retrieved 1354: 1345: 1333:. Retrieved 1328: 1319: 1307:. Retrieved 1279:. Retrieved 1275: 1193: 1176:Virginia Key 1173: 1164: 1156: 1152:Herrenknecht 1148: 1131: 1123: 1119: 1100:Construction 1074: 1051: 1047: 1035: 1024: 998: 969: 946: 939: 933: 911: 908: 891:Dodge Island 879: 870: 849: 823:Miami Herald 821: 819: 794: 790: 730: 710: 706: 697:Panama Canal 689:heavy trucks 681:U.S. Route 1 666: 638:Dodge Island 631: 611: 588: 576: 567: 562: 547:Dodge Island 531:Biscayne Bay 510: 506: 504: 416: 338:Dodge Island 323:2014–present 130:Construction 98:Dodge Island 29: 4129:Bahia Honda 4103:S.S. Jolley 4033:Boca Grande 3911:Port Orange 3719:Dames Point 3709:Main Street 3658:John Gorrie 3029:. NBC Miami 2909:November 2, 2813:. NBC Miami 2667:October 16, 2609:Railway Age 1892:January 15, 1605:January 15, 1281:October 16, 1276:Miami Today 1239:New Panamax 1085:New Panamax 978:'s yard in 928:. In 2010, 833:megaproject 761:ING Capital 733:BNP Paribas 662:Cuban exile 599:pork-barrel 493:SR 907 478:SR 886 353:SR A1A 124:Constructed 78:SR 887 4260:Categories 4196:Fort Gates 4154:Seven Mile 4134:Card Sound 4108:Stan Gober 4068:Fort Hamer 4048:Cape Coral 3997:Royal Park 3952:Blue Heron 3901:Pete Damon 3866:Lake Jesup 3856:Eau Gallie 3226:August 11, 1387:August 24, 1361:August 24, 1335:August 24, 1255:References 426:Interstate 171:Automotive 142:2014-08-03 116:2010-05-24 109:Work begun 4113:Tom Adams 4021:Southwest 4002:Snow-Reed 3987:MacArthur 3936:Whitehair 3916:Roosevelt 3876:Melbourne 3846:Bert Dosh 3759:L.E. Buie 3641:Panhandle 3536:August 1, 3490:August 4, 3418:March 30, 3369:March 30, 3364:NBC Miami 3249:March 31, 3010:March 31, 2961:March 30, 2886:August 1, 2768:April 11, 2693:March 30, 2641:March 30, 2584:NBC Miami 2511:March 31, 2489:March 31, 2248:March 31, 2166:April 13, 2090:March 31, 2006:NBC Miami 1985:March 30, 1954:March 30, 1920:NBC Miami 1856:NBC Miami 1717:March 30, 1638:March 30, 1467:August 3, 1463:. WFOR-TV 1444:March 30, 1416:March 30, 1135:NBC Miami 862:limestone 800:Criticism 543:PortMiami 230:Sea level 192:Technical 104:Operation 4144:Long Key 4093:Midpoint 4012:Venetian 3851:Broadway 3739:Memorial 3678:Trammell 3557:KML file 3513:April 7, 3467:June 25, 3444:June 29, 3392:June 25, 3343:July 17, 3203:June 22, 3173:June 27, 3127:June 23, 3101:June 23, 3078:June 24, 3055:June 24, 3033:April 4, 2932:April 1, 2840:April 7, 2817:April 1, 2742:July 17, 2719:July 16, 2619:July 16, 2589:July 16, 2563:April 6, 2541:April 2, 2435:April 1, 2410:April 2, 2387:July 21, 2337:July 24, 2292:July 21, 2270:July 21, 2219:April 4, 2193:April 2, 2138:April 5, 2116:April 5, 2064:July 16, 2037:April 9, 2011:April 3, 1925:June 22, 1866:April 1, 1832:April 6, 1810:April 3, 1777:April 5, 1742:April 3, 1695:April 3, 1668:April 3, 1572:July 12, 1528:June 29, 1502:April 2, 1212:See also 1198:and the 1139:Bouygues 777:Meridiam 773:Meridiam 671:(I-395)/ 650:Bouygues 620:Overview 380:Location 160:Operator 128:Bouygues 55:Location 50:Overview 4201:Mayport 4184:Ferries 4163:Tunnels 4098:Sanibel 3931:Wabasso 3861:Granada 3841:Bennett 3775:Bayside 3734:Mathews 3714:Buckman 3683:Victory 3663:Mid-Bay 3634:Florida 3150:May 17, 3121:WSVN-TV 2984:June 8, 2863:June 7, 2794:June 2, 2713:WSVN-TV 2458:May 29, 2364:July 7, 2315:May 24, 2213:WSVN-TV 1624:WPLG-TV 1309:June 6, 1089:Panamax 994:Hialeah 980:Hialeah 829:Big Dig 573:History 527:Florida 399:Florida 385:Country 320:Existed 168:Traffic 140: ( 114: ( 63:Florida 4063:Edison 4058:Desoto 4053:Cortez 3982:Lehman 3906:Pineda 3896:Osteen 3699:Acosta 3006:. 2010 837:Boston 769:WestLB 767:, and 753:Calyon 658:Europe 509:(also 458:Scenic 441:Former 197:Length 135:Opened 4210:Lists 4073:Green 3957:Broad 3945:South 3836:Astor 3790:Gandy 3692:North 3337:(PDF) 3330:(PDF) 1435:(PDF) 858:grout 757:Dexia 584:I-395 541:with 523:Miami 515:bored 436:State 395:State 366:I-395 262:Grade 253:Width 210:lanes 150:Owner 84:Start 69:Route 59:Miami 4122:Keys 3891:NASA 3729:Hart 3566:help 3562:edit 3538:2011 3515:2011 3492:2011 3469:2011 3446:2011 3420:2011 3394:2011 3371:2011 3345:2011 3278:2011 3251:2011 3228:2011 3205:2011 3175:2011 3152:2011 3129:2011 3103:2011 3080:2011 3057:2011 3035:2011 3012:2011 2986:2011 2963:2011 2934:2011 2911:2014 2888:2011 2865:2011 2842:2011 2819:2011 2796:2011 2770:2011 2744:2011 2721:2011 2695:2011 2669:2014 2643:2011 2621:2011 2591:2011 2565:2011 2543:2011 2513:2011 2491:2011 2460:2011 2437:2011 2412:2011 2389:2011 2366:2011 2339:2011 2317:2011 2294:2011 2272:2011 2250:2011 2221:2011 2195:2011 2168:2011 2140:2011 2118:2011 2092:2011 2066:2011 2039:2011 2013:2011 1987:2011 1956:2011 1927:2011 1894:2008 1868:2011 1834:2011 1812:2011 1779:2011 1744:2011 1719:2011 1697:2011 1670:2011 1640:2011 1607:2008 1574:2011 1530:2011 1504:2011 1469:2014 1446:2011 1418:2011 1389:2014 1363:2014 1337:2014 1311:2014 1283:2014 1124:The 1041:and 938:and 885:and 860:the 582:via 505:The 453:Toll 314:FDOT 179:None 176:Toll 154:FDOT 3632:in 1094:TEU 924:in 835:in 614:USD 545:on 537:on 521:in 368:on 359:), 208:of 206:No. 94:End 4262:: 3564:• 3411:. 3362:. 3308:. 3268:. 3183:^ 3119:. 3002:. 2954:. 2942:^ 2778:^ 2711:. 2686:. 2660:. 2607:. 2582:. 2529:. 2477:. 2420:^ 2241:. 2229:^ 2211:. 2148:^ 2108:. 2074:^ 2004:. 1978:. 1964:^ 1947:. 1935:^ 1918:. 1902:^ 1884:. 1854:. 1842:^ 1798:. 1787:^ 1770:. 1752:^ 1727:^ 1648:^ 1615:^ 1598:. 1582:^ 1550:, 1546:, 1521:. 1495:. 1477:^ 1437:. 1409:. 1397:^ 1379:. 1353:. 1327:. 1291:^ 1274:. 1262:^ 1187:, 1146:. 996:. 788:. 763:, 759:, 755:, 751:, 747:, 743:, 739:, 735:, 557:, 525:, 517:, 485:→ 470:← 431:US 266:5% 61:, 3622:e 3615:t 3608:v 3568:) 3560:( 3540:. 3517:. 3494:. 3471:. 3448:. 3422:. 3396:. 3373:. 3347:. 3314:. 3294:. 3280:. 3253:. 3230:. 3207:. 3177:. 3154:. 3131:. 3105:. 3082:. 3059:. 3037:. 3014:. 2988:. 2965:. 2936:. 2913:. 2890:. 2867:. 2844:. 2821:. 2798:. 2772:. 2746:. 2723:. 2697:. 2671:. 2645:. 2623:. 2593:. 2567:. 2545:. 2515:. 2493:. 2462:. 2439:. 2414:. 2391:. 2368:. 2341:. 2319:. 2296:. 2274:. 2252:. 2223:. 2197:. 2170:. 2142:. 2120:. 2094:. 2068:. 2041:. 2015:. 1989:. 1958:. 1929:. 1896:. 1870:. 1836:. 1814:. 1781:. 1746:. 1721:. 1699:. 1672:. 1642:. 1609:. 1576:. 1532:. 1506:. 1471:. 1448:. 1420:. 1391:. 1365:. 1339:. 1313:. 1285:. 355:( 144:) 118:) 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index