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loads in diagonal 11 and nodal zone 11/12 and closure of SW 8th Street until the proposed remedial actions were evaluated and implemented, thus exposing its own employees and employees of other entities to danger. That was an error on FIGG's part. The street closure was warranted due to the inadequacy of the node to support the loads during Stage 3, until all the remedial measures were designed, evaluated, peer reviewed and implemented or until the intermediate pylon was constructed. FIGG also very well knew that the truss was a non-redundant structure, and failure of diagonal 11 could result in the collapse of the bridge. FIGG knew that the Louis Berger Group, the independent consultant assigned to conduct the peer review of the bridge, did not perform independent design check of construction stage 3, i.e. the stage in which the truss collapsed.
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of another set of eyes of an independent consultant. Please see, "Peer review" earlier in the report. FIGG knew that the engineer who performed the peer review did not check the bridge design during different stages of construction, in violation of the FDOT requirements. This made it all the more critical to conduct a peer review of FIGG’s latest analyses and recommendations. Even FIGG's recommendation of re-tensioning the PT bars of diagonal 11 was not peer reviewed. FIU, FDOT and MCM did not insist that all computations performed by FIGG, including FIGG's recommendation to re-tension the PT bars be peer reviewed. They deferred to FIGG's conclusions, and failed to apply their own judgement and judiciousness, even though FDOT, BPA and MCM have extensive experience in bridge and concrete construction.
777:"Hey Tom, this is Denney Pate with FIGG bridge engineers. Calling to, uh, share with you some information about the FIU pedestrian bridge and some cracking that's been observed on the north end of the span, the pylon end of that span we moved this weekend. Um, so, uh, we've taken a look at it and, uh, obviously some repairs or whatever will have to be done but from a safety perspective we don't see that there's any issue there so we're not concerned about it from that perspective although obviously the cracking is not good and something's going to have to be, ya know, done to repair that. At any rate, I wanted to chat with you about that because I suspect at some point that's gonna get to your desk. So, uh, at any rate, call me back when you can. Thank you. Bye."
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other employees sustained serious injuries when a pedestrian bridge at the
Florida International University campus in Miami collapsed. The five companies collectively received seven violations, totaling $ 86,658 in proposed penalties. OSHA cited Figg Bridge Engineers Inc., a civil and structural engineering company; Network Engineering Services Inc. (doing business as Bolton Perez & Assoc.), a construction engineering and inspection firm; Structural Technologies LLC (doing business as Structural Technologies/VSL), specializing in post-tensioning in bridges and buildings; Munilla Construction Management LLC, a bridge and building construction company; and The Structural Group of South Florida Inc., a contractor specializing in concrete formwork.
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two-lane closures effective from
January through April, at no time, from installation until the collapse of the bridge, did FDOT receive a request to close the entire road. The department was also not made aware by the FIU design build team of any scheduled "stress testing" of the bridge following installation and has no knowledge or confirmation from FIU's design build team of "stress testing" occurring since installation. Per standard safety procedure, FDOT would issue a permit for partial or full road closure if deemed necessary and requested by the FIU design build team or FIU contracted construction inspector for structural testing.
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was due to the different loads during movement. The transporter's four-point support of the massive span essentially forces the two terminal ends of the bridge span to be cantilevered past the supports, unlike its final placement. To keep the bridge stable during transport, the four PT rods were torqued to each apply a load of 280,000 lbf (1,200,000 N). The other PT rods, inside the other tendons, were tightened just once and considered permanent. The transport of the prefabricated, 950-ton span (see below) to its location over 8th Street was performed five days before the subsequent collapse.
857:, citing intense public interest in the collapse. On May 2, 2018, the Miami Herald filed a lawsuit against FDOT in Florida's Leon County Circuit Court to compel the FDOT to release emails, meeting minutes and other records relating to the bridge's design and construction. On May 3, 2018, a lawyer for the NTSB wrote a letter to Judge Cooper of the 2nd Judicial Circuit of Florida in Tallahassee urging the court to deny a ruling that would favor the Miami Herald plaintiff, for the release of any bridge information generated after a February 19, 2018, cutoff date.
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became aware that cracks formed on the north side of the bridge and was concerned. He sent a text message to his supervisor, Sam Nunez, stating that "it cracked like hell" and included photos of the location near where the detensioned tendons were located. Pedro Cortes and other members of the construction contractor reviewed the cracking and took photos. These cracks were located in the area where the bridge contacts its supporting pier, where the structural diaphragm deck was located. Other cracks were observed in the northernmost diagonal truss member.
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capture the nodal zone." FIGG opined that it may be "appropriate to transfer some of the load off 11/12 node." FIGG was to consider options to "capture some of the forces from the node." FIGG also stated that "prudent action is to share some of the load carried back to 9/10 and construct pylon diaphragm." FIGG further proposed to "restrain" the node. FIGG promised to deliver the temporary mechanism to capture the forces and node 11/12 by March 17, 2018 to MCM in two days, showing a sense of urgency.
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the
Engineer of Record and warranted street closure, and contract bridge design experts violated basic FDOT construction requirements. The NTSB quickly disapproved of this release by OSHA, citing "a breach of party participation rules" and "contrary to party agreement obligations, OSHA released a report to the public that contained large portions of nonpublic draft NTSB material and failed to provide investigative photographs to the NTSB as required by its status as a party to the investigation."
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immediate safety issue, merely something that would need to be repaired later. The FDOT recipient was away for several days and did not hear this message until the day after the collapse. FIGG's engineer of record then decided to re-tension the temporary PT rods in the northernmost tendon to their state on March 10. This plan was developed by FIGG over the 13th and 14th from the FIGG office in
Tallahassee, and a meeting was scheduled for March 15 at 9:00 am in a trailer at the construction site.
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527:(ABC) and has attracted international scholars as PhD students. It is home to the federally funded Accelerated Bridge Construction University Transportation Center, which sponsors industry conferences and seminars. The National Transportation Safety Board, however, found that with respect to the bridge, "F.I.U. had no professional engineers on its staff and relied solely on the expertise of its hired contractors."
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11 (north end of bridge), and the propagation of cracks in the region of diagonal member 11. Pictures of the cracks from
February 24 (before the walkway had been moved into place) were also given. Consulting engineers Bolton-Perez and Associates, had taken several pictures of severe cracks in diagonal member 11 and adjacent to vertical member 12 which had appeared when the bridge was moved into place on March 10.
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the very early stages, that cracks in the bridge superstructure did not necessarily make the bridge unsafe, that on-site investigations would take about a week, that preserving perishable evidence was crucial, and that bridge workers were applying a "post-tensioning force" on the bridge before the failure. Also on March 16, 2018, the FDOT released a letter to the public with information about the bridge collapse:
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both FIU and FDOT were present. The FIGG lead engineer's conclusions were that the structural integrity of the bridge was not compromised and that there were no safety concerns raised by the presence of the crack. FIGG also insisted that no crack repairs should be carried out until the stabilizing of the node and pylon diaphragm with post-tensioning was completed.
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documents, the
Florida State ruling was temporarily blocked by U.S. District Court Judge William Stafford on a request from the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Northern District of Florida (on behalf of the NTSB, who is seeking to move the case to a Federal Court). On October 5, Federal Judge Stafford made a final ruling to block the requested documents.
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following statement: "There is no coverage under
Travelers' and Phoenix's policies issued to Figg for any damages caused by the joint venture and/or partnership between Figg and MCM, as such joint venture and/or partnership was never disclosed to Travelers and Phoenix and does not qualify as an insured under either of the Policies issued to Figg."
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build team that are responsible for the project. FDOT is routinely included in meetings during LAP project construction. Reyna attended the meeting which occurred shortly before the bridge failure and collapse and was not notified of any life-safety issues, need for additional road closures or requests for any other assistance from FDOT.
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D.C., and concluded "that load and capacity calculation errors made by FIGG Bridge
Engineers, Inc., are the probable cause of the fatal, March 15, 2018, Florida International University pedestrian bridge collapse in Miami." The final Highway Accident Report by the NTSB was finalized the same day and released as NTSB/HAR-19/02.
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On May 7, 2018, the Miami Herald reported they had received a copy of a memo with photographs from FIU dated
February 28, 2018, that had been sent to the Munilla Construction Management company, the bridge project's builder. The memo, which has since been withdrawn from public view, purportedly urged
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reported they were denied access to FIU documents related to the bridge construction, citing federal regulations that prevent release of non-public information related to the bridge construction and design project when an NTSB investigation is in progress. A lawyer for
Reporters Committee for Freedom
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On May 23, 2018, the NTSB released a preliminary report titled "Highway: Collapse of Pedestrian Bridge Under Construction Miami, Florida (HWY18MH009)" which summarized the accident. They said they are evaluating the emergence of cracks in the region of diagonal members 2 (south end of the bridge) and
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The responsibility to identify and address life-safety issues and properly communicate them is the sole responsibility of the FIU design build team. At no point during any of the communications above did FIGG or any member of the FIU design build team ever communicate a life-safety issue. Again, FIGG
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On Wednesday, March 14, Alfredo Reyna, the Assistant LAP Coordinator and an FDOT consultant, received a phone call from Rafeal Urdaneta, a Bolton Perez & Associates employee, notifying him of a midday meeting scheduled for Thursday, March 15 with W. Denney Pate and other members of the FIU design
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On May 6, 2020, FDOT announced plans to design and rebuild the bridge, with guidance from the NTSB. The design stage is scheduled to begin in 2021 and last for two years, with a further two years estimated to construct the bridge. Demolition of the remnants of the old bridge began in September 2021,
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On October 8, 2019, the NTSB released over 6,000 pages relating to its investigation of the collapse, including letters submitted to the NTSB by the various companies associated with the bridge construction. A final NTSB public hearing on the bridge accident was held October 22, 2019, in Washington,
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In June 2019, OSHA released its final report on the FIU bridge collapse and concluded FIGG Bridge Engineers failed to recognize collapse was imminent when they inspected the bridge hours earlier. They also concluded the bridge had structural design deficiencies, severe cracks were wrongly ignored by
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According to standard procedures, FDOT issued a permit at the request of FIU's design build team to close SW 8th Street during the installation of the FIU pedestrian bridge on Saturday, March 10. While FDOT has issued, following a request from the FIU design build team, a blanket permit allowing for
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Six people were killed and ten were injured. Five of the victims were killed immediately when the bridge fell; one died at the hospital. Navaro Brown, aged 37, who worked for VSL, the company contracted to apply post-tensioning, died in the collapse. Two other employees of VSL were hospitalized. The
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As per the minutes of the meeting recorded by BPA/FIU, BPA asked if FIGG's analyses were peer reviewed, and stated that "the more eyes on this, the better." FIGG agreed. The analysis conducted by FIGG from March 12–14 was not, in fact, peer reviewed. FIGG presented the findings without the advantage
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FIGG did not know the reason for the cracks, but still expressed no safety concerns. However, FIGG in its presentation alluded to a lingering concern about the structural inadequacy of the 11/12 node until the intermediate pylon and back truss were completed. FIGG mentioned a "temporary mechanism to
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An additional measure proposed by FIGG at the meeting to remediate the cracking was telling the contractor that it "must expedite the pouring of the intermediate pylon," a structure that was designed to mimic the tower of a cable-stay bridge. This pylon was to be located on the north end of the main
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at the time of collapse. The canal span, access ramps, and faux cable-stayed tower had not yet been built. Pedestrian use was to begin when the entire project was complete. The section of the bridge that collapsed weighed 950 short tons (860 metric tons) and fell onto several vehicles on the roadway
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On March 15, 2018, a 175-foot-long (53 m) section of the FIU-Sweetwater UniversityCity Pedestrian Bridge collapsed while under construction. The collapse resulted in six deaths (one worker and five motorists), ten injuries (six serious and four minor), and eight vehicles being crushed underneath. Of
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built using a conventional six-step construction process with full closure and detour of the roadway beneath. The design of the 280-foot bridge, contracted to Miami-based BCC Engineering, is more than halfway finished as of the announcement, with construction of the bridge itself scheduled to begin
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On August 21, 2018, Leon County Circuit Judge Kevin Carroll ruled the FDOT "shall produce to The Herald the requested records, but that production shall be limited to records from February 20th to March 15th (prior to the collapse)." However, two days later and just as the FDOT was about to release
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At the time of the collapse, the roadway was open, and multiple eastbound cars were stopped at a traffic light under the span. Eight cars were crushed. A driver who survived the collapse reported that small rocks fell onto her car just before the front of her car was crushed. A worker saved himself
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Two days before the collapse, on March 13, the engineer of record (EOR) from FIGG became aware of the cracks and began calculating remedial action, including the addition of plastic shims under the diaphragm. He then reported the cracking by voicemail to an FDOT employee. He thought this was not an
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Construction of the bridge began in March 2016 and was scheduled to be completed in December 2018. The bridge's main span was assembled adjacent to the highway using accelerated bridge construction. It was lifted into place on the morning of March 10, five days before the collapse, during a weekend
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asked the department's inspector general to probe whether the federally funded pedestrian bridge complied with all rules. A subsequent internal memorandum from the Inspector General of the U.S. Department of Transportation, dated March 22, 2018, expressed concerns the project complied with Federal
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The Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, at the request of the NTSB, tested samples of steel and concrete from the collapsed bridge, and found that the materials met the project requirements. The NTSB similarly asked the FHWA to examine the design of the bridge. The FHWA examination discovered
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of 15 people to investigate the bridge collapse. The accident number assigned was HWY18MH009. On March 16, 2018, the NTSB Investigators held their first press conference to discuss the inquiry into the bridge collapse. Noteworthy points from the meeting included a statement that the inquiry was in
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tensioned-concrete technology) began to re-stress the two PT rods in diagonal truss member 11 to 280,000 pounds each. Due to the urgency and short notice demanded by the EOR, the post-tensioning inspection subcontractor, the Corradino Group, was unavailable to monitor this process. FIGG employees,
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The main span of the bridge was in place by around 11:30 am on March 10. Inspections were performed, and the order was given to release the tension on the steel pretensioned (PT) tendons at the terminal ends of the span. Kevin Hanson, the supervisor of the de-stressing operation of the PT tendons,
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prestressing the concrete tendons during the movement of the 950-ton span. These four PT rods were tightened explicitly for the day it took to transport the main span over 8th Street and de-stressed (loosened) immediately thereafter. The purpose of the temporary prestressing of the two end tendons
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concept." Concrete truss bridges are "exceedingly rare," and "no other designs similar to the FIU bridge" have been discovered. The vertical web of the beam was a series of triangulated concrete diagonal struts along the centerline, and the diagonal angles of the struts varied across the bridge so
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The following is from a September 18, 2018 OSHA News Release – Region 4: The U.S. Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) on Friday, September 14, cited multiple contractors for safety violations after one employee suffered fatal injuries and five
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At 9 a.m. on March 15, a university employee heard a loud "whip cracking" sound while under the bridge span, waiting for a red traffic light. At the same time, the design-build team met for about two hours at the construction site to discuss the cracks discovered on March 10. Representatives from
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tower. The main roadway-crossing span was 175 ft long, and the shorter canal span was to be 99 ft long. An elevator and stairs at the south end added 31 ft, and at the north end, 15 feet, for a total bridge length of 320 feet. At the bridge site, the Tamiami Trail roadway has seven
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FIGG rightly recognized the structural inadequacy of node 11/12, and presented remedial measures to "capture the loads," "restrain the node" and "share some of the loads" to the node 9/10. But at no time did FIGG recommend the shoring of the bridge at intermediate locations of the span to reduce
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On June 27, 2018, the Travelers Indemnity Company and The Phoenix Insurance Company submitted an 18-page complaint for declaratory relief in U.S. District Court for Florida Southern District, Miami Division. The lawsuit filing seeks to avoid financial liability to the claimants and included the
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The failure and collapse of the pedestrian bridge at FIU is the subject of an active and ongoing investigation led by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) as well as local and state law enforcement investigations. As FDOT assists in these investigations, we will continue our internal
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structure. Concrete structures are generally ten times heavier than equivalent steel designs. The bridge was made using a new formulation for concrete, intended to stay cleaner than standard concrete formulations. In the main bridge span, the concrete floor deck, roof, and most diagonal struts
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Additional, in the interest of full transparency, FDOT is today releasing the transcript of a voicemail left on a landline on Tuesday, March 13, by W. Denney Pate, FIGG's lead engineer responsible for the FIU pedestrian bridge project. The transcription is below ... :
585:, and the concrete roof canopy was to function as the horizontal top flange of the I-beam. The walkway was thus nearer to ground level than in a standard design where the walkway is placed on top of the structural support system. This reduced the number of steps to climb.
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The new pedestrian bridge was designed to connect the campus to student housing in a dramatic, sculptural way and also to showcase the school's leadership in the ABC method of rapid bridge construction. The bridge was meant to last more than 100 years, and to withstand a
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Immediately after the meeting between FIGG employees and FIU, FDOT, BPA (Bolton Perez and Associates, Inc., the construction engineering and inspection firm), and MCM (the main construction contractor); the pretensioning crew from Structural Technologies (US licensee of
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that the bridge designers had overestimated the strength of one section of the bridge – at the point where the diagonal member 11 and vertical member 12 met the bridge deck – and underestimated the load that that same section would carry.
501:. It was intended to improve pedestrian safety, as the crosswalks at this wide, busy intersection had been identified as a safety hazard, and one student had already been struck and killed by a vehicle. The $ 14.2 million project was funded with a $ 19.4 million
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Now in Miami, two FIGG engineers including the EOR arrived before the meeting to inspect the bridge span along with some of the managers of the consulting engineering firm and the main construction company. They used a lift to get a close view of the damage.
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that could be tightened or loosened depending on the engineer's design plan. The high-strength steel rods are sleeved to allow free movement, with only their ends in contact with the concrete to provide a clamping force. This applied tension is necessary to
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specifications, and that the objective of an audit would be to assess whether the Florida International University pedestrian bridge met Federal and DOT requirements for the TIGER application, approval, and grant agreement processes.
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Schematic of the bridge. Green: collapsed parts, Blue: not installed at the time of the collapse. The diagonal truss member (#11) that was undergoing post-tension rod tensioning at the time of the collapse is highlighted in
610:. All of the adjustable tendon rods were oriented with the nut end on top of the canopy, hidden with a "blister" of extra concrete. Adjusting the rods generally required a crane and the specialized crew of a subcontractor.
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1730:"#DidYouKnow the new pedestrian bridge that will connect our FIU and the @CitySweetwater is the first in the world to be constructed entirely of self-cleaning concrete? #WorldsAheadpic.twitter.com/lQVJh09Pv2"
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A specification change from the FDOT late in the planning phase required relocating central pier 11 feet (3.4 meters) north to allow for future widening of the highway, causing some changes in construction.
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that were permanently tensioned after the concrete was cured and while the main span was still located in the staging yard. Most of the diagonal truss members, also known as tendons, had two to four PT
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2685:"Accident ID HWY18MH009 Mode Highway occurred on March 15, 2018 in Miami, FL United States Last Modified on November 22, 2019 15:11 Public Released on October 08, 2019 11:10 Total 120 document items"
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On March 1, 2019, Munilla Construction Management, the main Miami-based contractor behind the pedestrian bridge construction, announced a restructuring and recapitalization of the company through a
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At 1:47 p.m. on March 15, the north end of the installed bridge span had a blow-out as the northernmost tendon (11) sheared the remaining rebar in adjacent vertical truss member (12) at the
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including the EOR, had gone back to Tallahassee. VSL had just completed the procedure, and still had some of their equipment attached and a crane in the air, when the bridge collapsed.
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that held it up. The walkway surface was poured concrete, which was allowed to harden before the truss braces were poured above it. These truss members were connected to the deck by
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A total of 18 civil lawsuits were filed against 25 businesses connected to the failed FIU bridge project. Miami-Dade Circuit Judge Jennifer Bailey is overseeing the on-going case.
710:(node) where truss members 11 and 12 join the deck. The span sagged deeply as the diagonal fractured, folded, and immediately dropped the heavy full span onto the roadway below. A
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they would align with pipes from the center pylon, in the eventual faux cable-stayed appearance. The concrete walkway deck was to act as the horizontal bottom flange of a wide
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The main companies behind the construction project were Munilla Construction Management (MCM), a Miami-based construction management firm, and FIGG Bridge Engineers, a
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https://web.archive.org/web/20180324022507/http://www.fdot.gov/info/CO/news/newsreleases/031618_FDOT-Releases-Additional-Information-Regarding-FIU-Bridge-Collapse.pdf
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3178:"U.S. Department of Labor Cites Five Contractors for Safety Violations Following Florida Pedestrian Bridge Collapse | Occupational Safety and Health Administration"
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petition plan of reorganization. The company reached a settlement deal with the victims and their families on May 2, 2019, that would pay up to $ 42 million.
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the bridge engineer to respond to their concerns about significant cracks in the concrete joint at connection between the No. 11 truss and the bridge deck.
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On March 19, 2018, the first civil lawsuit was filed against FIGG Bridge Engineers, MCM, Bolton Perez & Associates, the project's consulting engineer,
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the serious injuries, one employee was permanently disabled. At the time of the collapse, six lanes of road beneath the bridge were open to traffic.
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This voicemail was left on a landline and not heard by an FDOT employee until Friday, March 16 as the employee was out of the office on assignment.
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sometime in 2024. FDOT now directly manages the project with a budget of $ 14.6 million, and has relegated Sweetwater and FIU as local partners.
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contained post-tensioning (PT) members whose compressive effect on the concrete was adjusted after the concrete was cured but prior to loading.
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other people killed were Alberto Arias, 53, Brandon Brownfield, 39, FIU student Alexa Duran, 18, Rolando Fraga, 60, and Oswaldo Gonzalez, 57.
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embedded in the deck and in the concrete of the truss. In order to hold up the bridge these connections had to prevent the truss from
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On March 21, 2018, the NTSB sent out a press release detailing the items from the collapse that required further examination at the
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and the FIU design build team never alerted FDOT of any life-safety issue regarding the FIU pedestrian bridge prior to collapse.
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2498:"Authorities are investigating whether reported cracking contributed to the collapse of a Florida bridge that killed 6 people"
497:(Southwest 8th Street) and Southwest 109th Avenue, was planned to connect the FIU campus to student housing neighborhoods in
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3152:"Insurers ask federal court to drop them from covering engineering firm in pedestrian bridge collapse | Florida Record"
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Southwest 8th Street between Southwest 107th and 117th Avenues was closed until March 24 while the debris was cleared.
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The FIGG engineers on site "did not know the reason for the cracks, but still expressed no safety concerns" at the meeting.
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span adjacent to the area that failed and affixed to the same substructure that the failing main span diaphragm sat upon.
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June 2019 OSHA Investigation of March 15, 2018 Pedestrian Bridge Collapse at Florida International University, Miami, FL
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in 2013, along with state agencies. The bridge cost $ 9 million to construct, exclusive of the installation cost.
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that engineers were tightening loosened cables on March 15: "Workers were adding more tension to the steel rod (
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NTSB/HAR-19/02, October 22, 2019, Pedestrian Bridge Collapse Over SW 8th Street, Miami, Florida, March 15, 2018
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2288:"New pedestrian bridge collapses at Florida International University, crushing eight cars driving underneath"
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1452:"Preliminary Report- Highway: Collapse of Pedestrian Bridge Under Construction Miami, Florida (HWY18MH009)"
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1025:"Investigation of March 15, 2018 Pedestrian Bridge Collapse at Florida International University, Miami, FL"
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causing cracks in the truss concrete. As the cracking enlarged, it ultimately caused the complete
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3744:
3467:
An initial rendering of the bridge. Actual location is an opposite side of Southwest 109th Avenue
3352:"Lessons Learned: How the Construction Process for the New FIU Bridge Will Differ From Last Time"
2978:
2710:
2654:
2592:
2353:
913:
4419:
795:
review and release all pertinent information as quickly as possible while ensuring its accuracy.
4498:
4216:
4088:
3069:
1633:
607:
1765:
493:
The FIU Sweetwater UniversityCity pedestrian bridge, located just west of the intersection of
4076:
4058:
4022:
3723:
3708:
2711:"Load, Capacity Calculation Errors, Inadequate Peer Review Led to Pedestrian Bridge Collapse"
2523:
756:
Members of the NTSB's Go Team for the investigation boarding an FAA plane to travel to Miami.
535:
The full 320-foot-long (98 m) pedestrian bridge was to cross both a major roadway and a
2470:
1681:"Miami bridge that collapsed was a truss design, despite the cosmetic tower, support cables"
1578:"Miami bridge that collapsed was a truss design, despite the cosmetic tower, support cables"
4371:
4192:
3849:
854:
725:
589:
513:
3177:
714:
video shows that the blowout, collapse, and impact sequence took only a few video frames.
8:
4132:
4094:
3886:
3404:"Four years after fatal collapse, Florida unveils design for a new FIU pedestrian bridge"
2860:"Miami Herald files lawsuit as FDOT won't release FIU bridge records | Miami Herald"
2292:
1024:
896:
569:
540:
3976:
1729:
1654:
3896:
3855:
3645:
3635:
3426:
TSB Chairman Robert Sumwalt briefs media on the Miami, FL bridge collapse investigation
3269:"Deal will pay victims, families in bridge failure up to $ 42M | Bradenton Herald"
2384:"At least 4 dead in catastrophic FIU pedestrian bridge collapse; 9 rescued from rubble"
1385:
1323:
1319:"Bridge Collapse Saps Spirits and Research Efforts at Florida International University"
1089:"At least 4 dead in catastrophic FIU pedestrian bridge collapse; 9 rescued from rubble"
832:
259:
2167:
2010:"FIU employee heard a loud crack crossing under the bridge. Hours later, it collapsed"
1780:
4377:
2812:
2565:
1753:
1255:"A walking bridge for FIU students is coming soon. But it's too late for one student"
1217:"FIU Pedestrian Bridge Construction Using Innovative Approach By Swinging Into Place"
1087:
Viglucci, Andres; Madan, Monique O.; Hanks, Douglas; Chang, Daniel (March 15, 2018).
900:
807:. They also confirmed workers were adjusting rod tension when the collapse occurred.
694:
230:
The engineering design error that directly led to the collapse was identified by the
61:
2040:
1870:"'Instant' bridge aims to make a dangerous crossing safer for thousands of students"
4144:
3909:
3502:
1290:
804:
234:(NTSB) as a miscalculation of resistance to sliding of the connection between the
4425:
4348:
3492:
NTSB Board Meeting: Pedestrian Bridge Collapse Over SW 8th Street, Miami, Florida
2922:"Florida officials ask judge to block release of records on collapsed FIU bridge"
2414:"Worker hurt in bridge collapse thinks locking in harness saved his life: Cousin"
2138:"Rubio says engineers were tightening loose cables when the FIU bridge collapsed"
1069:
970:
2255:"New video surfaces of FIU bridge collapse from view of driver who witnessed it"
1901:"If you plan to drive on SW Eighth Street this weekend, you'll be rerouted here"
3939:
3778:
3773:
3005:"Judge hears arguments in FIU bridge collapse records case | Miami Herald"
2321:"Several dead after newly-installed portion of FIU pedestrian bridge collapses"
741:
when he heard cracking and locked his safety harness just before the collapse.
251:
224:
3490:
3478:
3454:
3442:
3424:
3126:"Federal judge: FIU bridge records cannot be released | Bradenton Herald"
3037:"Collapsed FIU bridge cracked days before deadly accident | Miami Herald"
2105:
1607:
1062:
4457:
4240:
4052:
3295:"FDOT Planning on New Pedestrian Bridge at FIU, After 2018 Collapse Killed 6"
2225:"They Were Heading Home, to Lunch, to Work. Then a Bridge Came Crashing Down"
536:
494:
346:
342:
314:
301:
109:
96:
28:
3100:"FIU bridge collapse: Feds block release of records | Bradenton Herald"
2834:"Two weeks ago, FIU's bridge abruptly collapsed. Here's what we know so far"
2769:"U.S. Transportation Secretary seeks probe of fatal Florida bridge collapse"
1839:"Community gathers to watch 950-ton bridge move across Southwest 8th Street"
1527:"Design Criteria, FIU-UniversityCity Prosperity Project - Pedestrian Bridge"
3703:
3686:
3655:
3041:
3009:
2864:
2655:"NTSB Issues 2nd Investigative Update in FIU Bridge Collapse Investigation"
2259:
1093:
848:
573:
548:
255:
247:
1187:"Pedestrian Bridge In The Works For FIU Students To Cross Busy 8th Street"
489:
Elevation Engineering Drawing of Proposed FIU Sweetwater Pedestrian Bridge
3756:
1963:
892:
after which the land will be surveyed in preparation for the new bridge.
839:
718:
235:
2223:
Mazzei, Patricia; Robles, Frances; Dickerson, Caitlin (March 16, 2018).
1932:"Investigators Explain Focus On Pre-Collapse Cracking In Florida Bridge"
1381:"Flawed Design, Lax Oversight Led to 'Astounding' Miami Bridge Collapse"
3862:
3783:
2198:"Bridge worker Navaro Brown died in collapse of FIU span, company says"
1703:"Stress test may have contributed to collapse of FIU pedestrian bridge"
707:
208:
4117:
853:
of the Press indicated more information should be released under the
262:
of one of the truss-to-walkway connections, leading to the collapse.
3437:
Computer animation showing the assembly of the FIU pedestrian bridge
36:
members inspecting the collapsed pedestrian bridge on March 16
2891:
3473:
Accelerated Bridge Construction, University Transportation Center
2497:
2110:
1966:"Engineer advised of cracking on bridge two days before collapse"
1625:
1224:
1190:
1125:
721:
711:
364:
79:
2738:"Survivor of FIU bridge collapse sues design-construction firms"
3378:"FIU's New Pedestrian Bridge Set to Start Construction in 2024"
2495:
582:
577:
523:
Florida International University is known for its expertise in
3209:"Victim's Father Frustrated As FIU Bridge Litigation Drags On"
520:(FDOT), in a program known as the Local Agency Program (LAP).
2168:"Bridge victim's grieving uncle lashes out at 'incompetence'"
243:
239:
1286:"Tearful families wait as bodies remain under failed bridge"
835:, and Network Engineering Services for reckless negligence.
3869:
3472:
2324:
1613:
1350:
1121:"FIU Bridge Collapse: Four Dead, 8 Cars Trapped Underneath"
254:
was miscalculated, and thus was not enough to prevent the
4006:
1778:
3480:
Pedestrian Bridge Collapse Over SW 8th Street HWY18MH009
2444:"SW 8th Street Reopens To Traffic After Bridge Collapse"
1996:"Bridge collapse victim's uncle rages at 'incompetence'"
1063:
Pedestrian Bridge Collapse Over SW 8th Street HWY18MH009
3618:
Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work
3326:"Demolition of FIU bridge's remaining structure begins"
2832:
Viglucci, Andres; Staletovich, Jenny (March 30, 2018).
1808:"FIU, Sweetwater break ground for bridge to the future"
1700:
1284:
Gomez Licon, Adriana; Replogle, Josh (March 16, 2018).
1086:
3439:, MCM – Munilla Construction Management
728:) inside a concrete diagonal strut at the north end".
503:
Transportation Investment Generating Economic Recovery
2953:"Feds weigh entering lawsuit over FIU bridge records"
2222:
1964:
Madison Park; Jason Hanna; Joe Sutton; Steve Almasy.
3532:
3451:, Munilla Construction Management, November 18, 2015
2319:
Batchelor, Amanda; Suarez, Carlos (March 15, 2018).
1701:
Staletovich, Jenny; Rodriguez, Rene; Flechas, Joey.
1317:
Mazzei, Patricia; Saul, Stephanie (March 17, 2018).
2831:
1524:
1283:
3463:, Florida International University, March 14, 2018
2496:Jennifer Kay and Allen G. Breed (March 17, 2018).
2032:
1836:
568:The full bridge project was styled to look like a
2611:
2593:"NTSB Investigation of Bridge Collapse Continues"
2286:Svrluga, Susan; Siddiqui, Faiz (March 15, 2018).
1781:"Key design change stymied bridge cost, schedule"
895:FDOT announced on May 5, 2022, the new design, a
838:On March 21, 2018, U.S. Transportation Secretary
555:
4455:
2348:
2346:
717:United States Senator and FIU adjunct professor
4414:FIU Sweetwater UniversityCity pedestrian bridge
2318:
2285:
1638:: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (
4289:Hyatt Regency walkway in Kansas City, Missouri
3595:School of Hospitality & Tourism Management
2647:
1446:
1444:
565:, according to a statement by the university.
3992:
3518:
2343:
1930:Judy, Scott; Korman, Richard (May 24, 2018).
1248:
1246:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1058:
1056:
1032:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
4519:Bridge disasters caused by engineering error
3239:"MCM Reorganizing Under Chapter 11 | MCM US"
539:with two separate spans connected at a faux
4504:Construction accidents in the United States
3915:History of Florida International University
3614:School of Journalism and Mass Communication
1612:. Robert Accetta (press briefing speaker).
1441:
4509:21st century in Miami-Dade County, Florida
4157:Rail bridge near Huntington, West Virginia
3999:
3985:
3525:
3511:
2766:
2735:
2279:
2100:
2098:
1929:
1551:"Collapsed bridge meant to last 100 years"
1316:
1243:
1075:
1053:
959:
507:United States Department of Transportation
2979:"Feds now MIA in FIU bridge records case"
1184:
1151:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
919:List of structural failures and collapses
4372:I-40 bridge near Webbers Falls, Oklahoma
4151:Rail bridge in Atlantic City, New Jersey
3349:
3206:
2106:"FIU Bridge Collapse Caught on Dash Cam"
1867:
1652:
1351:"Home - Accelerated Bridge Construction"
1209:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
751:
633:
484:
4343:Lowe's Motor Speedway pedestrian bridge
4145:Rail bridge near Eden Station, Colorado
4095:Rail bridge near Chester, Massachusetts
3323:
3188:from the original on September 19, 2018
2095:
2067:"FIGG Structural Analysis Presentation"
1959:
1957:
1373:
801:Turner Fairbank Highway Research Center
760:On March 15, 2018, the NTSB launched a
4484:March 2018 events in the United States
4456:
4402:I-5 bridge in Mount Vernon, Washington
4193:Rail bridge near Meadow Acres, Wyoming
4089:Rail bridge in Orange County, Virginia
4047:Rail bridge near Meridian, Mississippi
3610:College of Nursing and Health Sciences
3324:Branton, Parker (September 27, 2021).
3158:from the original on November 16, 2018
2950:
2817:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2665:from the original on November 17, 2018
2118:from the original on February 13, 2021
1942:from the original on November 16, 2018
1806:Kiah, Clara-Meretan (March 30, 2016).
1575:
1252:
1185:Rodriguez, Marybel (August 22, 2017).
936:
643:
16:Bridge collapse in Sweetwater, Florida
4464:Bridge disasters in the United States
4223:Rail bridge in Woodbridge, New Jersey
4083:Rail bridge near Chatsworth, Illinois
4041:Rail bridge near St. Joseph, Missouri
3980:
3506:
3401:
2717:from the original on October 23, 2019
2635:from the original on January 10, 2019
1898:
1837:Clara-Meretan Kiah (March 14, 2018).
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1393:from the original on October 23, 2019
976:
886:
544:lanes of traffic plus one turn lane.
4163:Saint Croix–Vanceboro Railway Bridge
3585:College of Engineering and Computing
3207:Pipitone, Tony (February 21, 2019).
3132:from the original on October 6, 2018
3106:from the original on August 24, 2018
3080:from the original on August 22, 2018
2775:from the original on March 23, 2018.
2767:Shepardson, David (March 20, 2018).
2468:
2364:from the original on August 10, 2018
2038:
1954:
1845:. Florida International University.
1805:
1727:
1539:from the original on March 18, 2018.
608:keep concrete members in compression
518:Florida Department of Transportation
274:FIU-Sweetwater UniversityCity Bridge
232:National Transportation Safety Board
211:was designed to connect the town of
34:National Transportation Safety Board
4494:Transportation disasters in Florida
4469:2018 disasters in the United States
4023:Rail bridge in Norwalk, Connecticut
3651:Southern Cross Astronomical Society
3219:from the original on March 24, 2019
3067:
3017:from the original on August 1, 2018
2840:from the original on April 29, 2018
2799:from the original on March 26, 2018
2748:from the original on March 19, 2018
2599:from the original on March 30, 2018
2504:from the original on March 16, 2018
2477:from the original on March 20, 2018
2424:from the original on March 22, 2018
2394:from the original on March 15, 2018
2331:from the original on March 15, 2018
2300:from the original on March 15, 2018
2267:from the original on March 18, 2018
2235:from the original on March 18, 2018
2204:from the original on March 19, 2018
2148:from the original on March 16, 2018
2020:from the original on March 16, 2018
1976:from the original on March 17, 2018
1911:from the original on March 16, 2018
1899:Madan, Monique O. (March 8, 2018).
1880:from the original on March 15, 2018
1868:Viglucci, Andres (March 10, 2018).
1818:from the original on March 16, 2018
1787:from the original on March 23, 2018
1709:from the original on March 17, 2018
1661:from the original on March 22, 2018
1588:from the original on March 16, 2018
1557:from the original on March 19, 2018
1525:Tylin International (May 6, 2015).
1506:from the original on March 18, 2018
1429:from the original on March 26, 2018
1361:from the original on March 18, 2018
1231:from the original on March 15, 2018
1154:"Miami Pedestrian Bridge Collapses"
1152:Ashaboglu, Selin (March 15, 2018).
1133:from the original on March 17, 2018
1101:from the original on March 15, 2018
13:
3819:South Beach Wine and Food Festival
3475:, Florida International University
3469:, Florida International University
3350:Ceballos, Joshua (April 8, 2022).
3249:from the original on March 6, 2019
2985:from the original on July 28, 2018
2932:from the original on June 21, 2018
2902:from the original on June 29, 2021
2691:from the original on June 29, 2021
2450:from the original on April 1, 2018
2312:
2178:from the original on June 29, 2021
2130:
2047:from the original on June 29, 2021
1849:from the original on July 25, 2019
1740:from the original on June 29, 2021
1694:
1600:
1569:
1474:
1331:from the original on June 29, 2021
1265:from the original on June 29, 2021
1041:from the original on June 25, 2019
22:The FIU Pedestrian Bridge Collapse
14:
4530:
4259:Benjamin Harrison Memorial Bridge
4133:Rail bridge in Danville, Virginia
4053:Rail bridge near Angola, New York
3418:
3375:
3305:from the original on May 14, 2020
2959:from the original on July 8, 2019
2083:from the original on May 24, 2019
1728:News, F. I. U. (March 10, 2018).
1462:from the original on May 24, 2018
286:Prior to collapse, March 15, 2018
4479:Florida International University
4116:
3535:Florida International University
3275:from the original on May 3, 2019
3049:from the original on May 7, 2018
2872:from the original on May 3, 2018
2530:from the original on May 6, 2018
1812:Florida International University
1420:Florida International University
1253:Harris, Alex (August 24, 2017).
530:
375:Florida International University
280:
217:Florida International University
182:
168:
161:
154:
27:
4313:Lacey V. Murrow Memorial Bridge
4235:Rail bridge in Meldrim, Georgia
4107:Enfield–Suffield Covered Bridge
3935:Wertheim Performing Arts Center
3395:
3369:
3343:
3317:
3287:
3261:
3231:
3200:
3170:
3144:
3118:
3092:
3061:
3029:
2997:
2971:
2944:
2928:. The News Service of Florida.
2914:
2884:
2852:
2825:
2779:
2760:
2729:
2703:
2677:
2585:
2542:
2516:
2489:
2462:
2436:
2406:
2376:
2247:
2216:
2190:
2160:
2059:
2002:
1988:
1923:
1892:
1861:
1830:
1799:
1779:Jason Dearen and Jennifer Kay.
1772:
1721:
1673:
1646:
1609:FIU Bridge Collapse NTSB Update
1576:Jansen, Bart (March 16, 2018).
1543:
1518:
1491:
1405:
1355:Accelerated Bridge Construction
1343:
1310:
1277:
826:
596:The deck and the canopy had PT
525:accelerated bridge construction
446:Munilla Construction Management
250:along the walkway surface. The
3402:Hanks, Douglas (May 5, 2022).
2039:Mier, Alyse (March 17, 2018).
1178:
1145:
1113:
556:Bridge design and construction
409:
1:
4432:I-95 overpass in Philadelphia
3751:Ocean Bank Convocation Center
3070:"Judge's order on FIU bridge"
2951:Rosica, Jim (June 19, 2018).
2446:. CBS Miami. March 24, 2018.
2076:. March 15, 2018. p. 3.
929:
701:
265:
3570:College of Arts and Sciences
2471:"Pedestrian bridge collapse"
2354:"NTSB News Release 8/9/2018"
1413:"General Plan and Elevation"
964:NTSB Highway Accident Report
731:
7:
4489:Transport disasters in 2018
4390:Bartonsville Covered Bridge
4384:I-35W bridge in Minneapolis
1494:"MCM design-build proposal"
907:
629:
10:
4535:
4265:West Spokane Street Bridge
1068:December 27, 2020, at the
747:
4447:
4358:
4125:
4114:
4015:
3948:
3879:
3837:
3796:
3766:
3737:
3696:
3685:
3664:
3641:National Hurricane Center
3626:
3557:
3542:
969:February 1, 2021, at the
479:
474:
466:
458:
450:
440:
432:
424:
419:
408:
400:
392:
384:
379:
371:
352:
338:
330:
291:
279:
272:
141:
133:
125:
86:
67:
56:
41:
26:
4438:Francis Scott Key Bridge
4331:Newhall Pass interchange
4247:Newhall Pass interchange
3920:Jewish Museum of Florida
3550:University Park, Florida
3499:, NTSB, October 23, 2019
3487:, NTSB, October 22, 2019
1655:"concrete truss bridges"
924:
626:closure of the roadway.
45:March 15, 2018
4366:Queen Isabella Causeway
4337:Queen Isabella Causeway
4319:Claiborne Avenue Bridge
4229:CRRNJ Newark Bay Bridge
3745:Infinity Insurance Park
3456:timelapse bridge square
3433:, NTSB, OMarch 16, 2018
2469:NTSB (March 15, 2018).
914:List of bridge failures
846:On March 28, 2018, the
590:post-tensioned concrete
505:(TIGER) grant from the
256:connection from sliding
4408:I-85 bridge in Atlanta
4325:Big Bayou Canot Bridge
4301:Schoharie Creek Bridge
4283:Sunshine Skyway Bridge
4217:Chesapeake City Bridge
4169:Division Street Bridge
3565:School of Architecture
2619:"INVESTIGATIVE UPDATE"
2043:(Press release). FIU.
1072:October 22, 2019, NTSB
797:
757:
684:
640:
490:
388:Self-cleaning concrete
244:steel reinforcing rods
4396:Eggner's Ferry Bridge
4277:Bedell Covered Bridge
4211:Tacoma Narrows Bridge
4101:Madison Street Bridge
3829:University traditions
3444:FIU Pedestrian Bridge
3074:www.documentcloud.org
2661:. November 15, 2018.
881:Chapter 11 bankruptcy
767:
755:
671:
637:
488:
436:FIGG Bridge Engineers
433:Engineering design by
428:FIGG Bridge Engineers
252:resistance to sliding
4514:Disasters in Florida
4253:Sidney Lanier Bridge
4175:Summer Street Bridge
4010:in the United States
3892:Mourning Senior High
3850:Gulf Stream Magazine
3580:College of Education
2500:. Business Insider.
1389:. October 22, 2019.
855:Florida Sunshine Law
563:Category 5 hurricane
537:parallel water canal
404:175 feet (53 m)
396:320 feet (98 m)
4295:Mianus River Bridge
4187:Allen Street Bridge
4029:Clark Street Bridge
3887:Biscayne Bay Campus
3738:Arenas and stadiums
3605:College of Medicine
3575:College of Business
3299:NBC 6 South Florida
3213:NBC 6 South Florida
2293:The Washington Post
791:(bold in original)
644:Reports of cracking
570:cable-stayed bridge
315:25.7612°N 80.3728°W
311: /
223:, a suburb west of
110:25.7612°N 80.3728°W
106: /
23:
4420:Fern Hollow Bridge
3902:FIU Tianjin Center
3897:Engineering Center
3856:Hospitality Review
3814:Order of the Torch
3719:Women's basketball
3677:Alumni Association
3646:Engineering Center
3636:Aquarius Reef Base
2628:. August 9, 2018.
2560:on March 24, 2018.
2420:. March 16, 2018.
2360:. August 9, 2018.
2229:The New York Times
1764:has generic name (
1553:. March 16, 2018.
1386:The New York Times
1324:The New York Times
1227:. March 10, 2018.
1129:. March 15, 2018.
887:Replacement bridge
758:
641:
547:The school was on
491:
451:Construction start
334:Pedestrian traffic
142:Non-fatal injuries
21:
4451:
4450:
4378:Four Bears Bridge
4271:Hood Canal Bridge
4181:Greenfield Bridge
3974:
3973:
3845:FIU Student Media
3792:
3791:
2981:. July 27, 2018.
2573:Missing or empty
2549:. March 24, 2018
1298:on March 17, 2018
1197:on March 16, 2018
1166:on March 16, 2018
901:box girder bridge
588:The bridge was a
483:
482:
459:Construction cost
320:25.7612; -80.3728
215:to the campus of
209:pedestrian bridge
149:
148:
115:25.7612; -80.3728
4526:
4307:Miamitown Bridge
4199:Honeymoon Bridge
4120:
4071:Des Moines River
4065:Ashtabula Bridge
4035:Gasconade Bridge
4008:Bridge disasters
4001:
3994:
3987:
3978:
3977:
3910:Frost Art Museum
3906:FIU Pines Center
3797:Culture and lore
3767:Culture and lore
3714:Men's basketball
3694:
3693:
3689:
3551:
3536:
3527:
3520:
3513:
3504:
3503:
3493:
3481:
3457:
3445:
3427:
3412:
3411:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3347:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3204:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3076:. Miami Herald.
3065:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2836:. Miami Herald.
2829:
2823:
2822:
2816:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2798:
2791:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2736:Martin Vassolo.
2733:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2634:
2623:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2576:
2571:
2569:
2561:
2559:
2553:. Archived from
2546:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2350:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2102:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2082:
2071:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1961:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1763:
1759:
1757:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1637:
1629:
1623:
1621:
1616:. March 16, 2018
1604:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1531:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1505:
1498:
1489:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1448:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1428:
1417:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1294:. Archived from
1291:Associated Press
1281:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1250:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1193:. Archived from
1182:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1162:. Archived from
1149:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1084:
1073:
1060:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1040:
1029:
1021:
974:
961:
805:McLean, Virginia
688:
443:
411:
326:
325:
323:
322:
321:
316:
312:
309:
308:
307:
304:
284:
270:
269:
197:
191:
186:
185:
179:
172:
171:
165:
158:
121:
120:
118:
117:
116:
111:
107:
104:
103:
102:
99:
52:
50:
31:
24:
20:
4534:
4533:
4529:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4523:
4474:2018 in Florida
4454:
4453:
4452:
4443:
4426:Carbella Bridge
4354:
4121:
4112:
4011:
4005:
3975:
3970:
3967:: 216.3 million
3944:
3930:University Park
3875:
3833:
3824:University Park
3788:
3762:
3733:
3687:
3681:
3660:
3628:
3622:
3553:
3549:
3538:
3534:
3531:
3491:
3479:
3455:
3443:
3425:
3421:
3416:
3415:
3400:
3396:
3386:
3384:
3374:
3370:
3360:
3358:
3356:Miami New Times
3348:
3344:
3334:
3332:
3322:
3318:
3308:
3306:
3301:. May 6, 2020.
3293:
3292:
3288:
3278:
3276:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3252:
3250:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3222:
3220:
3205:
3201:
3191:
3189:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3161:
3159:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3135:
3133:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3109:
3107:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3083:
3081:
3068:Nehamas, Nick.
3066:
3062:
3052:
3050:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3020:
3018:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2988:
2986:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2962:
2960:
2949:
2945:
2935:
2933:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2905:
2903:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2875:
2873:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2843:
2841:
2830:
2826:
2810:
2809:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2789:
2787:"Archived copy"
2785:
2784:
2780:
2765:
2761:
2751:
2749:
2734:
2730:
2720:
2718:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2694:
2692:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2668:
2666:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2602:
2600:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2574:
2572:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2533:
2531:
2524:"News Releases"
2522:
2521:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2494:
2490:
2480:
2478:
2467:
2463:
2453:
2451:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2427:
2425:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2397:
2395:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2367:
2365:
2352:
2351:
2344:
2334:
2332:
2317:
2313:
2303:
2301:
2284:
2280:
2270:
2268:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2238:
2236:
2221:
2217:
2207:
2205:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2181:
2179:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2151:
2149:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2121:
2119:
2104:
2103:
2096:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2050:
2048:
2041:"FIU statement"
2037:
2033:
2023:
2021:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1979:
1977:
1962:
1955:
1945:
1943:
1928:
1924:
1914:
1912:
1897:
1893:
1883:
1881:
1866:
1862:
1852:
1850:
1835:
1831:
1821:
1819:
1804:
1800:
1790:
1788:
1777:
1773:
1761:
1760:
1751:
1750:
1743:
1741:
1726:
1722:
1712:
1710:
1699:
1695:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1664:
1662:
1651:
1647:
1631:
1630:
1619:
1617:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1591:
1589:
1574:
1570:
1560:
1558:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1536:
1529:
1523:
1519:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1496:
1490:
1475:
1465:
1463:
1450:
1449:
1442:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1396:
1394:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1364:
1362:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1334:
1332:
1315:
1311:
1301:
1299:
1282:
1278:
1268:
1266:
1251:
1244:
1234:
1232:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1200:
1198:
1183:
1179:
1169:
1167:
1150:
1146:
1136:
1134:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1104:
1102:
1085:
1076:
1070:Wayback Machine
1061:
1054:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1027:
1023:
1022:
977:
971:Wayback Machine
962:
937:
932:
927:
910:
889:
829:
750:
734:
704:
690:
686:
646:
632:
558:
533:
441:
380:Characteristics
357:University Park
319:
317:
313:
310:
305:
302:
300:
298:
297:
287:
275:
268:
236:walkway surface
221:University Park
201:
200:
199:
198:
194:
192:
189:
187:
183:
180:
177:
175:
173:
169:
166:
159:
129:Bridge collapse
114:
112:
108:
105:
100:
97:
95:
93:
92:
72:University Park
48:
46:
37:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4532:
4522:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4449:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4441:
4435:
4429:
4423:
4417:
4411:
4405:
4399:
4393:
4387:
4381:
4375:
4369:
4362:
4360:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4346:
4340:
4334:
4328:
4322:
4316:
4310:
4304:
4298:
4292:
4286:
4280:
4274:
4268:
4262:
4256:
4250:
4244:
4238:
4232:
4226:
4220:
4214:
4208:
4202:
4196:
4190:
4184:
4178:
4172:
4166:
4160:
4154:
4148:
4142:
4136:
4129:
4127:
4123:
4122:
4115:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4104:
4098:
4092:
4086:
4080:
4074:
4068:
4062:
4056:
4050:
4044:
4038:
4032:
4026:
4019:
4017:
4013:
4012:
4004:
4003:
3996:
3989:
3981:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3962:
3956:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3940:Wolfsonian-FIU
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3866:
3859:
3852:
3847:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3781:
3779:FIU Fight Song
3776:
3774:Conference USA
3770:
3768:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3754:
3748:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3700:
3698:
3691:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3632:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3615:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3600:College of Law
3597:
3592:
3590:Honors College
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3561:
3559:
3555:
3554:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3530:
3529:
3522:
3515:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3488:
3476:
3470:
3464:
3452:
3440:
3434:
3420:
3419:External links
3417:
3414:
3413:
3394:
3376:Gregg, Elise.
3368:
3342:
3316:
3286:
3260:
3243:www.mcm-us.com
3230:
3199:
3169:
3143:
3117:
3091:
3060:
3028:
2996:
2970:
2943:
2926:Orlando Weekly
2913:
2883:
2851:
2824:
2778:
2759:
2728:
2702:
2676:
2646:
2610:
2584:
2541:
2515:
2488:
2461:
2435:
2405:
2375:
2342:
2311:
2278:
2246:
2215:
2189:
2159:
2129:
2094:
2058:
2031:
2001:
1987:
1953:
1922:
1891:
1860:
1829:
1798:
1771:
1720:
1693:
1672:
1653:Bridgehunter.
1645:
1599:
1568:
1542:
1517:
1473:
1440:
1404:
1372:
1342:
1309:
1276:
1242:
1208:
1177:
1144:
1112:
1074:
1052:
975:
934:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
922:
921:
916:
909:
906:
888:
885:
828:
825:
749:
746:
733:
730:
703:
700:
670:
645:
642:
631:
628:
557:
554:
532:
529:
481:
480:
477:
476:
472:
471:
470:March 15, 2018
468:
464:
463:
462:$ 14.2 million
460:
456:
455:
452:
448:
447:
444:
442:Constructed by
438:
437:
434:
430:
429:
426:
422:
421:
417:
416:
413:
406:
405:
402:
398:
397:
394:
390:
389:
386:
382:
381:
377:
376:
373:
369:
368:
354:
350:
349:
340:
336:
335:
332:
328:
327:
295:
289:
288:
285:
277:
276:
273:
267:
264:
225:Miami, Florida
193:
188:
181:
174:
167:
160:
153:
152:
151:
150:
147:
146:
143:
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
127:
123:
122:
90:
84:
83:
69:
65:
64:
58:
54:
53:
43:
39:
38:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4531:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4499:U.S. Route 41
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4446:
4439:
4436:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4424:
4421:
4418:
4415:
4412:
4409:
4406:
4403:
4400:
4397:
4394:
4391:
4388:
4385:
4382:
4379:
4376:
4373:
4370:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4357:
4350:
4347:
4344:
4341:
4338:
4335:
4332:
4329:
4326:
4323:
4320:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4308:
4305:
4302:
4299:
4296:
4293:
4290:
4287:
4284:
4281:
4278:
4275:
4272:
4269:
4266:
4263:
4260:
4257:
4254:
4251:
4248:
4245:
4242:
4241:Silver Bridge
4239:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4227:
4224:
4221:
4218:
4215:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4205:Bridge AA-438
4203:
4200:
4197:
4194:
4191:
4188:
4185:
4182:
4179:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4167:
4164:
4161:
4158:
4155:
4152:
4149:
4146:
4143:
4140:
4139:Wabash Bridge
4137:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4124:
4119:
4108:
4105:
4102:
4099:
4096:
4093:
4090:
4087:
4084:
4081:
4078:
4077:Bussey Bridge
4075:
4072:
4069:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4048:
4045:
4042:
4039:
4036:
4033:
4030:
4027:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4009:
4002:
3997:
3995:
3990:
3988:
3983:
3982:
3979:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3947:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3878:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3836:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3758:
3755:
3752:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3736:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3684:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3627:Research and
3625:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3546:
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3656:Wall of Wind
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393:Total length
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3757:FIU Stadium
3629:development
2896:cloudup.com
2771:. Reuters.
2742:miamiherald
2721:October 23,
2388:miamiherald
2368:January 20,
2142:miamiherald
2122:January 26,
2014:miamiherald
1762:|last=
1397:October 28,
1191:CBS 4 Miami
840:Elaine Chao
719:Marco Rubio
615:temporarily
514:Tallahassee
318: /
293:Coordinates
113: /
88:Coordinates
4458:Categories
3925:MAST @ FIU
3863:PantherNOW
3804:Greek Life
3784:Shula Bowl
3759:(Football)
3747:(Baseball)
3545:Located in
3387:October 3,
3382:PantherNOW
3361:October 4,
3136:October 6,
3110:August 23,
2695:October 9,
1853:October 2,
930:References
708:cold joint
499:Sweetwater
454:March 2016
361:Sweetwater
306:80°22′22″W
303:25°45′40″N
266:Background
238:, and the
213:Sweetwater
101:80°22′22″W
98:25°45′40″N
76:Sweetwater
60:1:47 p.m.
49:2018-03-15
3965:Endowment
3688:Athletics
3558:Academics
3021:August 1,
2892:"Cloudup"
2844:April 27,
2803:March 26,
2752:March 19,
2639:March 21,
2508:March 17,
2481:March 19,
2454:March 31,
2428:March 22,
2398:March 21,
2335:March 15,
2304:March 15,
2271:March 18,
2239:March 18,
2208:March 20,
2182:March 18,
2152:March 17,
2051:March 17,
2024:March 17,
1980:March 17,
1915:March 15,
1884:March 15,
1822:March 15,
1791:March 22,
1744:March 17,
1713:March 18,
1686:April 27,
1665:March 21,
1620:March 19,
1592:March 17,
1582:USA Today
1561:March 19,
1510:March 18,
1433:March 23,
1365:March 19,
1335:March 18,
1302:March 17,
1269:March 15,
1235:March 15,
1201:March 15,
1170:March 15,
1159:ARCHITECT
1137:March 17,
1126:CBS Miami
1105:March 15,
732:Aftermath
467:Collapsed
219:(FIU) in
3961:: 58,787
3959:Students
3870:The Roar
3724:Football
3709:Baseball
3303:Archived
3273:Archived
3247:Archived
3217:Archived
3186:Archived
3162:July 11,
3156:Archived
3130:Archived
3104:Archived
3078:Archived
3047:Archived
3015:Archived
2989:July 27,
2983:Archived
2957:Archived
2930:Archived
2900:Archived
2870:Archived
2838:Archived
2813:cite web
2794:Archived
2773:Archived
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2566:cite web
2528:Archived
2502:Archived
2475:Archived
2448:Archived
2422:Archived
2418:ABC News
2392:Archived
2362:Archived
2329:Archived
2298:Archived
2265:Archived
2233:Archived
2202:Archived
2176:Archived
2146:Archived
2116:Archived
2078:Archived
2045:Archived
2018:Archived
1974:Archived
1940:Archived
1909:Archived
1878:Archived
1847:Archived
1843:FIU News
1816:Archived
1785:Archived
1754:cite web
1738:Archived
1734:@FIUnews
1707:Archived
1659:Archived
1586:Archived
1555:Archived
1534:Archived
1501:Archived
1460:Archived
1424:Archived
1391:Archived
1359:Archived
1329:Archived
1263:Archived
1229:Archived
1221:CBSLocal
1131:Archived
1099:Archived
1066:Archived
1045:June 13,
1036:Archived
967:Archived
908:See also
702:Collapse
630:Collapse
475:Location
425:Designer
412:of spans
385:Material
68:Location
3953:Founded
3809:Housing
3497:YouTube
3485:YouTube
3461:YouTube
3449:YouTube
3431:YouTube
2603:May 23,
2172:AP News
2111:YouTube
2087:May 25,
1946:May 25,
1626:YouTube
1614:WSVN-TV
1466:May 27,
1225:WFOR-TV
762:Go-team
748:Inquiry
722:tweeted
712:dashcam
552:below.
420:History
365:Florida
339:Crossed
331:Carried
248:sliding
80:Florida
47: (
4440:(2024)
4434:(2023)
4428:(2022)
4422:(2022)
4416:(2018)
4410:(2017)
4404:(2013)
4398:(2012)
4392:(2011)
4386:(2007)
4380:(2004)
4374:(2002)
4368:(2001)
4351:(2000)
4345:(2000)
4339:(1996)
4333:(1994)
4327:(1993)
4321:(1993)
4315:(1990)
4309:(1989)
4303:(1987)
4297:(1983)
4291:(1981)
4285:(1980)
4279:(1979)
4273:(1979)
4267:(1978)
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4249:(1971)
4243:(1967)
4237:(1959)
4231:(1958)
4225:(1951)
4219:(1942)
4213:(1940)
4207:(1938)
4201:(1938)
4195:(1923)
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4183:(1921)
4177:(1916)
4171:(1915)
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4049:(1863)
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4031:(1853)
4025:(1853)
3955:: 1965
3880:Campus
3729:Soccer
3672:Alumni
3665:People
3309:May 6,
3279:May 3,
3053:May 7,
2906:May 5,
2876:May 3,
2534:May 5,
899:steel
726:tendon
598:cables
583:I-beam
578:I-beam
367:, U.S.
353:Locale
178:780yds
134:Deaths
82:, U.S.
3838:Media
3697:Teams
2797:(PDF)
2790:(PDF)
2633:(PDF)
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3363:2022
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3164:2018
3138:2018
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