411:
374:
493:
297:
272:
may be more durable than hardwood, but cannot be refinished like hardwood. Laminate flooring is available in many different patterns which can resemble different woods or even ceramic tile. It usually locks or taps together. Underlayment is required for laminate flooring to provide moisture and noise control.
401:
Floating tile flooring, also called modular tile flooring, includes a range of porcelain and ceramic tile products that can be installed without adhesive or mortar. Generally, the tile is rectified to precise dimensions, and fused to an interlocking base. Some products require use of a flexible grout
151:
There are different types of carpet like twists, which is commonly referred to as berber. Twist carpeting is composed of multiple twisted fibers set into the carpet backing. It is typically used in low-traffic areas. Another type of carpeting is looped carpets, which are composed of looped fibers set
184:
Carpet underlay is rated by density in pounds. For example, you could purchase a carpet pad with an 8-pound density rating, which would be softer than a carpet pad with a 10-pound density rating. Softer carpet pads feel better to walk on but sacrifice durability of the carpet that sits on top of it.
275:
The common installation method for laminate flooring is a floating installation, which means the floor connects to each other to form interlocked flooring system and is not attached to the sub-floor which means it is free to "float" over a variety of sub-floors. This includes existing flooring like
271:
is a floor covering that appears similar to hardwood but is made with a plywood or medium density fiberboard ("MDF") core with a plastic laminate top layer. HDF laminate consists of high density fiberboard topped by one or more layers of decorative paper and a transparent protective layer. Laminate
483:
are becoming more popular in specialty applications such as trailer flooring and garage flooring. New applications have also emerged for marine flooring. There are important factors to consider in specialty applications, that may not be present in a typical application. For example, certain tires
144:
is a soft floor covering made of bound carpet fibers or stapled fibers. Carpeting refers to wall-to-wall coverage, whereas a rug is simply used to cover a space. This type of flooring is typically used indoors and can be used in both high and low-traffic areas. It typically lasts for 15–18 years
467:
are solid vinyl (products with vinyl on binder content higher than 34%) and vinyl composition (products with a vinyl or binder content lower than 34%), and the three basic categories of vinyl sheet flooring are homogeneous, inlaid, and layered composite. These types of vinyl flooring differ in
241:
is a floor manufactured from the bamboo plant and is a type of hardwood flooring, though technically not a wood. Bamboo is known to be durable and environmentally friendly. It is available in many different patterns, colors, and textures. There are three types of bamboo flooring construction:
523:
They find use in situations ranging from the simple protection of domestic garage floors to the restoration and protection of commercial and industrial flooring. They are also used to solve a vast array of problems in industry such as wet areas in laboratories or food processing plants where
163:
Today, there are two primary forms of carpet installation: tackless installation and direct glue down. Tackless installation occurs when a tack strip is installed around the perimeter of a room and the carpet is stretched over padding onto those tack strips to hold it in place. Before this
91:
may be laid upon another underlying subfloor which provides the structural strength. Subfloors that are below grade (underground) or ground level floors in buildings without basements typically have a concrete subfloor. Subfloors above grade (above ground) typically have a
524:
spillages of oils and fats tend to be easily absorbed and/or difficult to clean. Other reasons for covering concrete with synthetic resin flooring are to improve resistance to chemicals, enhancing resistance to impact and wear, and for aesthetic appearance purposes.
287:
combines the best attributes of both laminate and vinyl to create a rigid floating floor that can be installed throughout the entire home. Hybrid is made of multiple layers of materials pressed together for an extremely hard wearing floor.
234:
Engineered hardwood has a thin solid wood layer on top with a composite core. It can be a less expensive option than buying hardwood, but it cannot be sanded and refinished. This flooring typically is installed with a click-lock method.
249:. Cork floors are considered to be eco-friendly since the cork oak tree bark is stripped every nine to ten years and doesn't damage the tree. Cork flooring comes in both tiles and planks, and can have glue or glues-less installation.
168:
installation; as you no longer need nails in the middle of the floor. Direct glue down occurs when you spread special carpet adhesive over the substrate and then roll the carpet onto the glue to hold it in place.
364:
Porcelain stoneware can be used instead of natural stone. It is a ceramic material like a tile; however, it is typically 20 mm (0.79 in) thick and often comes in squares of 60 cm (24 in).
41:
is a term to generically describe any finish material applied over a floor structure to provide a walking surface. Both terms are used interchangeably but floor covering refers more to loose-laid materials.
145:
before it needs to be replaced. The quality of a carpet is usually measured in face weight, or how many fibers there are per square inch. The higher the face weight the more plush a carpet will feel.
402:
and others have an integrated grout strip. The advantages include speed of installation, ease of use, reusability, and low cost relative to using traditional tile installation methods.
749:
418:
Unlike ceramic and stone tiles, which are made of minerals, resilient flooring is made of materials that have some elasticity, giving the flooring a degree of flexibility called
177:
Padding can be placed underneath the carpet to add comfort and provide some noise insulation. The level of comfort is determined by the type of material used, which can include
345:
Many different natural stones are cut into a variety of sizes, shapes, and thicknesses for use as flooring. Stone flooring uses a similar installation method to ceramic tile.
108:, comfort, and cleaning effort. Some types of flooring must not be installed below grade, including laminate and hardwood due to potential damage from moisture.
578:
Sustainable flooring is produced from more sustainable materials (and by more sustainable processes) that reduces demands on ecosystems during its life-cycle.
460:; the former is resilient. Some come with a pre-applied adhesive for peel-and-stick installation, others require adhesive to be spread onto the substrate.
105:
284:
809:
628:
484:
will leave marks on PVC flooring but those marks will be less prevalent on polypropylene products. Adhesives also change based on application.
394:. Epoxy resurfacing of concrete flooring is used to update or upgrade concrete floor surfaces in commercial and residential applications – see
361:, can also be used instead of raw cut stone and are available as either preformed tiles or to be constructed in-place using a cement binder.
753:
414:
Greatmats Garage Floor Tile
Diamond is one form of modular polypropylene flooring tiles intended for garages and other automotive areas.
276:
ceramic tile and hardwood floors. It is the most versatile installation method because it can be put over any substrate that is flat.
612:
Tactile or rumble strips to warn of for instance a wheelchair ramp, these would normally also be distinctively colored or patterned.
164:
installation method, the carpet was tacked down with staples throughout the installation which is why the new method is called
795:
779:
684:
711:"Thermal performance analysis according to wood flooring structure for energy conservation in radiant floor heating systems"
390:
Concrete or cement finished floor is also used for its ability to be treated for different feel and its durability, such as
774:
Industrial
Polymer Applications: Essential Chemistry and Technology, Royal Society of Chemistry, UK, 1st edition, 2016,
733:
668:
311:
Hard flooring (not to be confused with "hardwood") is a family of flooring materials that includes concrete or cement,
410:
242:
horizontal cut, vertical cut, and strand woven. Strand woven is the hardest and most durable of the three types.
58:
152:
into the carpet backing. This type of carpeting is typically used in high-traffic areas as it is easy to clean.
419:
260:
that it takes to embed a steel ball into the hardwood. The more force it takes to do so, the harder the wood.
557:
318:
Ceramic tiles are clay products that are formed into thin tiles and fired. Ceramic tiles are set in beds of
520:. Applied in liquid form, when allowed to dry and/or cure to provide a completely seamless floor covering.
710:
17:
806:
323:
199:
Many different species of wood are fabricated into wood flooring in two primary forms: plank and
587:
790:
BS 8204 Screeds, Bases and In Situ
Floorings, Synthetic Resin Floorings: Code of Practice, BSI,
560:
on walkways and steps especially in areas subject to frequent washing, and for better traction/
438:
354:
155:
There are four common widths for carpeting goods: 6' wide, 12' wide, 13'6" wide, and 15' wide.
679:
Y. Ohama, Handbook of
Polymer-Modified Concrete and Mortars, William Andrew Publishing, 1995,
505:
543:
Flow applied (self-smoothing/self-leveling flooring) applied at 80 – 120 mil (2 – 3 mm)
618:
573:
453:
220:
104:
The choice of materials for floor covering is affected by factors such as cost, endurance,
8:
423:
111:
The sub-floor may be finished in a way that makes it usable without any extra work, see:
552:
Heavy-duty trowel finished resin screed flooring applied in excess of 240mil (6 mm)
476:
469:
125:
696:
791:
775:
729:
680:
664:
663:
G. Garber, Design and
Construction of Concrete Floors, CRC Press, 2nd Edition, 2006,
561:
464:
391:
385:
377:
268:
148:
Carpets come in a variety of materials including wool, nylon, olefin, and polyester.
50:
546:
Trowel finished bound resin screed flooring applied in excess of 160 mil (4 mm)
594:
556:
They typically have granular or rubberized particles added to give better traction/
500:
Many different seamless flooring materials are available that vary from air-drying
319:
212:
540:
Broadcast flooring with embedded aggregate applied in excess of 80 mil (2 mm)
831:
813:
442:
645:
353:
are popular types of stone flooring that requires polishing and sealing. Stone
228:
216:
80:
252:
Hardwood durability and hardness is determined by a ranking system called the
79:, which provides the support for the flooring. Special purpose subfloors like
825:
480:
246:
245:
Cork flooring is a flooring material manufactured from the by-product of the
224:
194:
115:
426:
used for dance or athletics are usually made of wood or resilient flooring.
513:
509:
429:
Resilient flooring includes many different manufactured products including
312:
300:
238:
88:
84:
625:
to decorate the sides of a floor or to cover the edge of a floating floor.
549:
Heavy-duty flow applied to floor applied at 160 – 240 mil (4 – 6 mm)
434:
331:
253:
178:
632:
457:
339:
54:
492:
373:
622:
335:
204:
430:
358:
304:
296:
208:
76:
70:
615:
Light strips to show an escape route out, especially on airplanes.
537:
High-build floor coatings applied at 6 - 40 mil (0.15 – 1 mm)
635:
particles that will allow wheels, shoes, or feet better traction.
606:
200:
93:
697:"THE "LIFE" OF A CARPET: AN APPLICATION OF THE ALEXANDER RULES"
446:
350:
141:
129:
46:
517:
501:
346:
327:
257:
34:
586:
There are a number of special features that may be used to
132:, polymer-modified concretes and levelling/wearing screeds.
119:
600:
534:
Floor coatings applied at 6 - 12 mil (0.15 – 0.3 mm)
185:
The denser the carpet pad, the longer the carpet lasts.
726:
45:
Materials almost always classified as flooring include
37:, or for the work of installing such a floor covering.
531:
Floor seals applied at less than 6 mil (0.15 mm)
468:
manufacturing process and content, ranging in vinyl (
33:is the general term for a permanent covering of a
823:
527:Seamless polymer flooring can take many forms:
395:
609:used to drain water or to rub dirt off shoes.
508:such as waterborne, solvents or solvent-free
128:, cementitious levelling/wearing/granolithic
487:
217:green (environmentally responsible) building
315:, glass tiles, and natural stone products.
75:The floor under the flooring is called the
597:decorative centerpieces of a floor design.
491:
409:
372:
295:
567:
215:has a unique appearance and is used in
158:
14:
824:
723:
631:: The addition of either granular or
590:a floor or perform a useful service:
475:Resilient flooring products, such as
405:
330:. Varieties of ceramic tiles include
207:are typically much more durable than
99:
752:. Armstrong Flooring. Archived from
750:"ASTM F 1700 Solid Vinyl Floor Tile"
368:
24:
728:(2 ed.). Wiley. p. 124.
279:
172:
25:
843:
291:
188:
27:Permanent indoor walking surface
807:Top 5 Green Building Strategies
452:Vinyl flooring is available in
816:- EPA Publication 909-F-07-001
800:
784:
768:
742:
717:
703:
689:
673:
657:
504:emulsion polymers to reactive
326:with the joints between tiles
13:
1:
651:
463:The two basic categories of
439:vinyl composition tile (VCT)
136:
7:
639:
603:to help keep a floor clean.
581:
472:) content from 11% to 55%.
263:
64:
10:
848:
571:
383:
192:
68:
488:Seamless polymer flooring
396:seamless polymer flooring
256:. The Janka scale is the
227:is less as compared to
724:Germer, Jerry (2014).
497:
415:
381:
308:
495:
445:(sheet or tile), and
413:
376:
299:
574:Sustainable flooring
568:Sustainable flooring
496:Seamless resin floor
424:Performance surfaces
221:thermal conductivity
181:and rubber regrind.
159:Installation Methods
756:on 25 December 2022
564:in traffic aisles.
380:in a grocery store.
812:2011-07-20 at the
498:
470:polyvinyl chloride
416:
406:Resilient flooring
382:
309:
126:Solid ground floor
100:Flooring materials
796:978-0-580-73670-4
780:978-1-78262-814-9
685:978-0-8155-1358-2
465:vinyl floor tiles
392:polished concrete
386:Polished concrete
378:Polished concrete
369:Polished concrete
225:hardwood flooring
16:(Redirected from
839:
817:
804:
798:
788:
782:
772:
766:
765:
763:
761:
746:
740:
739:
721:
715:
714:
707:
701:
700:
693:
687:
677:
671:
661:
595:Floor medallions
506:thermoset resins
213:Reclaimed lumber
106:noise insulation
21:
847:
846:
842:
841:
840:
838:
837:
836:
822:
821:
820:
814:Wayback Machine
805:
801:
789:
785:
773:
769:
759:
757:
748:
747:
743:
736:
722:
718:
709:
708:
704:
695:
694:
690:
678:
674:
662:
658:
654:
642:
584:
576:
570:
562:skid resistance
558:slip resistance
490:
408:
398:section below.
388:
371:
294:
282:
280:Hybrid flooring
266:
239:Bamboo flooring
197:
191:
175:
173:Carpet underlay
161:
139:
102:
81:floating floors
73:
67:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
845:
835:
834:
819:
818:
799:
783:
767:
741:
735:978-1118439104
734:
716:
702:
688:
672:
669:978-0750666565
655:
653:
650:
649:
648:
646:Floor cleaning
641:
638:
637:
636:
629:Anti-slip mats
626:
616:
613:
610:
604:
598:
583:
580:
572:Main article:
569:
566:
554:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
532:
489:
486:
407:
404:
384:Main article:
370:
367:
293:
290:
281:
278:
265:
262:
193:Main article:
190:
187:
174:
171:
160:
157:
138:
135:
134:
133:
123:
101:
98:
69:Main article:
66:
63:
39:Floor covering
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
844:
833:
830:
829:
827:
815:
811:
808:
803:
797:
793:
787:
781:
777:
771:
755:
751:
745:
737:
731:
727:
720:
712:
706:
698:
692:
686:
682:
676:
670:
666:
660:
656:
647:
644:
643:
634:
630:
627:
624:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
593:
592:
591:
589:
579:
575:
565:
563:
559:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
533:
530:
529:
528:
525:
521:
519:
515:
514:polyaspartics
511:
507:
503:
494:
485:
482:
481:polypropylene
478:
473:
471:
466:
461:
459:
458:pre-cut tiles
455:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
427:
425:
421:
412:
403:
399:
397:
393:
387:
379:
375:
366:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
316:
314:
306:
302:
301:Ceramic tiles
298:
292:Hard flooring
289:
286:
277:
273:
270:
261:
259:
255:
250:
248:
247:cork oak tree
243:
240:
236:
232:
230:
229:laminate wood
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
196:
195:Wood flooring
189:Wood flooring
186:
182:
180:
170:
167:
156:
153:
149:
146:
143:
131:
127:
124:
121:
117:
116:Earthen floor
114:
113:
112:
109:
107:
97:
95:
90:
89:sprung floors
86:
85:raised floors
82:
78:
72:
62:
60:
56:
52:
48:
43:
40:
36:
32:
19:
802:
786:
770:
758:. Retrieved
754:the original
744:
725:
719:
705:
691:
675:
659:
585:
577:
555:
526:
522:
499:
474:
462:
454:large sheets
451:
428:
417:
400:
389:
363:
344:
317:
313:ceramic tile
310:
303:flooring in
283:
274:
267:
251:
244:
237:
233:
198:
183:
176:
165:
162:
154:
150:
147:
140:
110:
103:
74:
44:
38:
30:
29:
435:sheet vinyl
332:quarry tile
254:Janka scale
179:memory foam
96:subfloor.
18:Floorboards
652:References
633:rubberized
623:baseboards
420:resilience
355:aggregates
340:terracotta
231:flooring.
760:24 August
510:urethanes
336:porcelain
209:softwoods
205:Hardwoods
137:Carpeting
118:adobe or
826:Category
810:Archived
640:See also
619:Moldings
607:Gratings
601:Doormats
588:ornament
582:Features
431:linoleum
359:Terrazzo
305:Istanbul
269:Laminate
264:Laminate
166:tackless
77:subfloor
71:Subfloor
65:Subfloor
51:laminate
31:Flooring
518:epoxies
357:, like
328:grouted
223:of the
201:parquet
130:screeds
94:plywood
832:Floors
794:
778:
732:
683:
667:
516:, and
447:rubber
351:marble
338:, and
324:mastic
320:mortar
307:street
285:Hybrid
219:. The
142:Carpet
122:floors
57:, and
47:carpet
502:latex
347:Slate
258:force
59:vinyl
35:floor
792:ISBN
776:ISBN
762:2020
730:ISBN
681:ISBN
665:ISBN
479:and
443:cork
349:and
120:clay
55:tile
621:or
477:PVC
456:or
322:or
87:or
828::
512:,
449:.
441:,
437:,
433:,
422:.
342:.
334:,
211:.
203:.
83:,
61:.
53:,
49:,
764:.
738:.
713:.
699:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.