717:
701:
685:
637:
585:
621:
549:
653:
605:
569:
669:
409:
747:
733:
763:
783:
513:
53:
1018:«Dado que la cruz de San Jorge era el emblema tradicional de la ciudad de Barcelona y también de la Generalidad de Cataluña, se consideró a menudo que las armas propias del principado eran las que unían esta señal con las de sus soberanos, los palos de oro y gules. Por ello, en los siglos XVI y XVII se emplearon, de forma similar a la aragonesa, diversas variantes del escudo de Cataluña. Los modelos básicos son dos: el que acoge únicamente los palos y el que los combina con la cruz georgiana.» Cfr. Montaner,
364:
529:
39:
401:
992:«En lo que hace a la cuestión heráldica, toda vez que no hay duda de que el primer poseedor de los palos de oro y gules fue Ramón Berenguer IV, no puede haberla tampoco de que ese emblema personal lo era entonces (1150) de un miembro de la Casa de Aragón, dentro de la cual se hizo símbolo hereditario a partir de su adopción por los tres hijos de aquél, Alfonso, Pedro y Sancho». Cfr. Alberto Montaner Frutos (1995)
841:. The laurel wreath is a symbol of victory and honor and the olive one represents peace. In Spain many civic coats of arms use the former or the modern Royal Crown as heraldic crest. The Provincial Council has a logo commonly used as official emblem. The provincial flag contains these arms but it has horizontal stripes.
1005:«Las armas personales de los reyes: los palos de oro y gules, habían adquirido un carácter más marcado de armas de dignidad, expresivas de su condición de reyes de Aragón, condes de Barcelona, etc. y exclusivas, por tanto, de los monarcas». Faustino Menéndez Pidal de Navascués, «Los Reyes de Aragón» .
392:, that led to the Catalan Society of Genealogy, Heraldry, Sigillography, Vexillology and Nobility lodged an appeal against them. This appeal to repeal the emblems of 1996 was successful and a most appropriate version had to be created, so the current arms, quartered with four bars was adopted in 2004.
836:
The provincial arms incorporated the elements of the heraldry of the city, the Saint George's Cross and the four red paletts on gold background of the Kings of Aragon and Counts of
Barcelona, with a different form of combination. The sign of the Saint George's Cross was widely displayed on a lozenge
341:
first depicted on the heraldic sign and later on the banner. Quartering in is a method of joining several different coats of arms together in one shield to avoid conflict with otherwise similar coats of arms but quarters are numbered from the dexter chief (the corner nearest to the right shoulder of
342:
a man standing behind the shield), proceeding across the top row, and then across the next row and so on. The arms of the citizens were placed in the most honourable quarters (the first and fourth) because their representative traditionally forced the king to negotiate his policies. In 1359 the
384:, sharply defined edges and without the crown. A secondary version, for ceremonial use and shown in the seal of the city with four pallets, quartered, and a former royal crown. The versions of 1996 caused such controversy, because they were not designed to conform to traditional
375:
Before the Royal grant of 1345, that set the number of paletts to four, where periods when four pallets were alternated with three or two. Later the shield charged with two bars was recurrent source of discussion as a proper variant of
Barcelona. In 1996 was adopted a
467:. This use may reflect the Principality as heir of the County of Barcelona or the governmental capacity of the Generalitat over the territory of the former county. The heraldry of the city of Barcelona has depicted different types of
447:
The removal of the bat from the coat of arms of
Barcelona has been seen as a loss of an emblematic symbol shared by other capitals of the former Crown of Aragon as Palma, capital of the former
475:
of the titular of the county. The royal crown equals city and territory as other realms of the
Hispanic Monarchy. For this reason, the historiography referred to these holders as Count-King (
716:
1147:
501:
leaves, five visible, and eight pearls interspersed, closed at the top by eight half-arches, five visible, also adorned with pearls and surmounted by a cross on a globe.
636:
471:, both royal or county crown have been used in different variants. The crown of count referred the history of the territory and the royal crown has been reflected the
684:
337:(and County of Barcelona, the four red stripes on a yellow field) used alongside the banner of the city worn by Barcelonan soldiers and later joining them in a
700:
927:[DOGC No. 4914, Decree 139/2007 on denomination, symbols and registry of local entities of Catalonia.]. Generalitat of Catalonia. 2005. Archived from
584:
1057:
Que per los
Consellers, de present sia fet un penó larch ab senyal de Sant Jordi, ço és, la creu vermella e lo camp blanch, qui és senyal de la ciutat.
568:
620:
652:
548:
800:(English: Royal Academy of History). It was approved by the Provincial Council on 30 June 1874 (Provincial Official Journal of 10 November 1874).
1458:
1185:
604:
1380:
951:"Official Gazette of Catalonia, no. 4114, RESOLUCIÓ GAP/937/2004, de 13 d'abril, approving the coat of arms of the municipality of Barcelona"
17:
914:. Barcelona: Catalan Society of Genealogy, Heraldry, Sigillography, Vexillology and Nobility - SCGHSVN (in Catalan). Retrieved 22 July 2018
978:
Clarendon Press – Oxford, ed. (1986). "II. The age of the Early Count-Kings (1137–1213) (The
Principate of Ramon Berenguer IV 1137–1162)".
1109:
1418:
333:». Thus the cross seem to have been used as a distinguishing and official of Barcelonan citizens, or perhaps slightly earlier. The
668:
244:
746:
1413:
148:
which is commonly used in municipal coats of arms of cities in
Catalonia. Currently the City Council of Barcelona also uses an
1032:
924:
1270:
1123:
925:"DOGC 4914, decreto 139/2007 por el que se regulan la denominación, los símbolos y el registro de entes locales de Cataluña"
950:
313:
The first instance of a cross is found in a seal of 1288. The Saint George's Cross is shown on a 13th-century mural of the
1009:. Madrid: Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y Genealogía; Hidalguia, 2004, p. 155 (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 July 2018
528:
1443:
855:
479:). From 1800 to 1931, successive town and city councils used both crowns with or without the crest of the bat. After the
334:
292:
248:
112:
1448:
1438:
1299:
1165:
762:
1367:. Catalan Society of Genealogy, Heraldry, Sigillography, Vexillology and Nobility - SCGHSVN. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
432:
have done during the previous century. In some cases, the winged dragon will in time be transformed into in a bat,
296:
276:
512:
1146:
Fatás Cabeza, Guillermo (2000). "El Escudo de Aragón. Epílogo: El dragón d'Aragón". In
Gobierno de Aragón (ed.).
1453:
1423:
1433:
1428:
440:
and the former royal crown (open). By the 19th century the bat has cornered the dragon as can be seen in the
436:, commonly used in local heraldry. Together with the crest, a helmet was situated above the shield and bears
812:
Or, four pallets Gules debruised with a lozenge Argent charged with a full cross Gules; all surrounded by a
796:
732:
463:
During 16th and 17th centuries the use of the heraldry of
Barcelona was also used as coat of arms of the
444:
since 1810. The bat and the former royal crown without the helmet were remained for much of the century.
424:. In the 17th century was introduced the royal crest of the Aragonese monarchs, a winged dragon, as the
149:
57:
850:
464:
408:
284:
1171:
1149:
Aragón, reino y corona: Centro
Cultural de la Villa de Madrid, del 4 de abril al 21 de mayo de 2000
344:
137:
866:
308:
224:
108:
1361:
996:. Zaragoza: Institución "Fernando el Católico", pp. 27-28. (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 July 2018
412:
The coat of arms of Barcelona with a county crown and the crest of the bat (Early 20th Century)
288:
1198:
791:
472:
381:
338:
166:
104:
1370:
909:
1082:
8:
825:
817:
782:
487:
452:
448:
351:
280:
268:
260:
189:
92:
1239:
1179:
536:
380:
logotype as official emblem of Barcelona, a rhombus or lozenge with the cross two bars
240:
145:
1329:
1161:
1119:
860:
480:
429:
417:
314:
264:
194:
141:
99:
1214:
1040:
928:
592:
87:
954:
885:
556:
498:
256:
252:
182:
52:
363:
1154:
Aragon, kingdom and crown: Cultural Centre Villa de Madrid, 4 April-21 May 2000
794:
was created by Royal Ordinance of 1 March 1871 after reviewing a report of the
468:
421:
324:
272:
891:
283:. Among other territories of the former Crown of Aragon, the coats of arms of
1407:
493:
420:, orb and cross) set atop the shield, as was customary in territories of the
202:
178:
38:
328:
236:
144:
as official symbols of the municipality in 2004. It has an escutcheon in
133:
400:
377:
813:
129:
125:
368:
331:, containing a red cross on a white field, that is badge of the city
437:
425:
404:
The coat of arms of Barcelona with the Aragonese royal crest (1627)
385:
367:
Version of the arms of Barcelona with two bars on the ancient main
483:, the coat of arms showed a former royal crown without the crest.
872:
69:
348:
of Catalonia adopted the Saint George's Cross as flag and sign «
804:
323:
Than for the city councillors, the present be made a long side
170:
157:
821:
198:
185:
174:
1332:[Logotipes of the Provincial Council of Barcelona].
1302:[Variety: the provincial coat of arms of Barcelona]
1199:
Image of Barcelona, Stamps of Spanish capitals of provinces
1273:[The coat of arms of the Province of Barcelona].
1387:[Coat of Arms of the Provincial Council print].
1118:] (in Spanish). Madrid: Liver Factory. p. 213.
977:
828:
joined by a ribbon Gules; as crest a former royal crown
1089:. International Congress of Vexillology - Vexilobaires
416:
Since the 15th century a former royal crown (without
1300:"Variedades: el escudo de la provincia de Barcelona"
1035:[Catalonia 1714, The flag of Saint George].
777:
1391:(in Spanish). Provincial Council of Barcelona. 1874
790:The coat of arms used by the Provincial Council of
317:, depicting by Barcelonan or Catalan soldiers. The
994:El señal del rey de Aragón: historia y significado
887:El señal del rey de Aragón: historia y significado
1405:
890:. Zaragoza: Institución «Fernando el Católico».
136:, these arms were first documented in 1329. The
1080:
255:on gold background, depicts the emblems of the
213:Official Gazette of Catalonia - DOGC, no. 4114
124:is the official emblem of the City Council of
1389:General Archives of the Province of Barcelona
1145:
497:and precious stones, with eight rosettes of
1209:
1207:
1085:[The flag of Barcelona, 1991-2005]
980:The medieval Crown of Aragon. A short story
442:Official Gazette of Catalonia and Barcelona
1232:
1184:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1107:
1033:"Catalunya 1714, La bandera de Sant Jordi"
973:
971:
37:
1294:
1292:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1139:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
786:Coat of arms of the province of Barcelona
458:
1271:"El escudo de la provincia de Barcelona"
1204:
830:(without half-arches, monde, and cross).
781:
407:
399:
362:
1334:Provincial Council of Barcelona website
1330:"Logotips de la Diputació de Barcelona"
1322:
1215:"Barcelona Province (Catalonia, Spain)"
968:
302:
14:
1406:
1289:
1258:
1065:
1459:14th-century establishments in Aragon
1160:(in Spanish). Zaragoza. p. 174.
659:Version shown at the One Hundred Hall
223:The heraldry of the city joining the
1363:Information on heraldry of Barcelona
1244:A glossary of terms used in heraldry
1111:La companía de almogávares en Grecia
1101:
1083:"La bandera de Barcelona, 1991-2005"
897:(in Spanish). Retrieved 22 July 2018
893:Electronic corrected reprint (2013)
643:Crest of the Bat and Lozenge Variant
251:, the Four Bars which bear four red
856:Coat of arms of the Crown of Aragon
486:The current version has the modern
152:based on the heraldry of the city.
140:conferred the coat of arms and the
24:
1383:Lámina del escudo de la Diputación
1081:Herreros i Agüí, Sebastià (2005).
319:Neighborly host ordinances of 1395
25:
1470:
1352:
778:Arms of the province of Barcelona
390:Law of local symbols of Catalonia
358:
350:by being the ancient arms of the
1419:Municipal coats of arms in Spain
884:Montaner Frutos, Alberto (1995)
761:
745:
731:
715:
699:
683:
667:
651:
635:
619:
603:
583:
567:
547:
527:
511:
277:Raymond Berengar IV of Barcelona
51:
1192:
575:Two Pallets and Lozenge Variant
1025:
1012:
999:
986:
943:
917:
903:
504:
13:
1:
1414:1329 establishments in Europe
878:
388:rules and the content of the
18:Flag of Province of Barcelona
1116:Almogavars Company in Greece
837:by the City Council and the
797:Real Academia de la Historia
691:Eight-Pointed Shaped Variant
451:and Valencia, in the former
7:
844:
10:
1475:
1444:Coats of arms with crosses
1108:Boya Balet, Ángel (2014).
306:
218:
1449:Coats of arms with crowns
1376:. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
1372:Coat of arms of Barcelona
1219:Flags of the World - FOTW
1201:. Retrieved 28 July 2018.
911:Coat of arms of Barcelona
851:Coat of arms of Catalonia
465:Principality of Catalonia
122:coat of arms of Barcelona
98:
86:
78:
74:City Council of Barcelona
68:
64:
50:
45:
36:
29:
1439:Coats of arms with pales
1053:Hueste vecinal de 1395:
627:Crest of the Bat Variant
611:Crest of the Bat Variant
395:
335:Aragonese Royal Standard
245:Archdiocese of Barcelona
132:, has its origin in the
1374:. Heraldry of the World
299:include the Four Bars.
138:Government of Catalonia
834:
787:
459:Royal and condal crown
413:
405:
372:
327:which has the sign of
216:
1454:Province of Barcelona
1424:Catalan coats of arms
809:
785:
597:(17th–18th centuries)
577:(14th–17th centuries)
561:(14th–17th centuries)
541:(14th–17th centuries)
521:(14th–17th centuries)
411:
403:
366:
163:
1434:History of Barcelona
1429:Culture in Barcelona
1308:cervantesvirtual.com
867:Saint George's Cross
707:Four Pallets Variant
309:Saint George's Cross
303:Saint George's Cross
249:Royal Arms of Aragon
243:and the arms of the
225:Saint George's Cross
113:Royal Bars of Aragon
109:Saint George's Cross
1022:, pp. 105 and foll.
1007:El escudo de España
753:Version of the Seal
723:Two Pallets Variant
488:Spanish Royal Crown
449:Kingdom of Mallorca
352:County of Barcelona
281:Petronila of Aragon
275:by the marriage of
269:County of Barcelona
261:Counts of Barcelona
177:, second and third
169:, first and fourth
93:Spanish Royal Crown
1310:(in Spanish). 1871
1277:(in Spanish). 2010
1275:Heráldica catalana
807:of these arms is:
788:
453:homonymous kingdom
414:
406:
373:
241:House of Barcelona
32:the City Barcelona
1125:978-84-9949-641-2
931:on 4 January 2012
861:Flag of Barcelona
831:
772:
756:
740:
726:
710:
694:
678:
662:
646:
630:
614:
613:(c.1790 – c.1870)
598:
578:
562:
542:
522:
481:Spanish Civil War
206:
188:; for a Crest, a
128:, the capital of
118:
117:
16:(Redirected from
1466:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1360:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1305:
1296:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1267:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1211:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1183:
1175:
1159:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1088:
1078:
1063:
1062:
1050:
1048:
1043:on 28 March 2008
1039:. Archived from
1029:
1023:
1016:
1010:
1003:
997:
990:
984:
983:
975:
966:
965:
963:
962:
953:. Archived from
947:
941:
940:
938:
936:
921:
915:
907:
829:
768:
765:
752:
749:
738:
735:
722:
719:
706:
703:
690:
687:
674:
671:
658:
655:
642:
639:
626:
623:
610:
607:
591:Aragonese Royal
590:
587:
574:
571:
554:
551:
534:
531:
518:
515:
371:of the City Hall
297:Balearic Islands
263:since 1137 when
214:
192:
161:of the arms is:
55:
41:
30:Coat of arms of
27:
26:
21:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1404:
1403:
1394:
1392:
1379:
1358:
1355:
1350:
1349:
1339:
1337:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1313:
1311:
1303:
1298:
1297:
1290:
1280:
1278:
1269:
1268:
1259:
1249:
1247:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1223:
1221:
1213:
1212:
1205:
1197:
1193:
1177:
1176:
1168:
1157:
1144:
1140:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1106:
1102:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1079:
1066:
1060:
1046:
1044:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1017:
1013:
1004:
1000:
991:
987:
976:
969:
960:
958:
949:
948:
944:
934:
932:
923:
922:
918:
908:
904:
881:
847:
780:
773:
770:
766:
757:
754:
750:
741:
736:
727:
724:
720:
711:
708:
704:
695:
693:(c.1931 – 1939)
692:
688:
679:
677:(c.1931 – 1939)
676:
672:
663:
660:
656:
647:
645:(c.1800 – 1931)
644:
640:
631:
629:(c.1870 – 1931)
628:
624:
615:
612:
608:
599:
596:
588:
579:
576:
572:
563:
560:
552:
543:
540:
532:
523:
520:
516:
507:
469:heraldic crowns
461:
398:
361:
311:
305:
257:Kings of Aragon
221:
215:
212:
173:, a full cross
60:
31:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1472:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1402:
1401:
1377:
1368:
1354:
1353:External links
1351:
1348:
1347:
1321:
1288:
1257:
1231:
1203:
1191:
1166:
1138:
1124:
1100:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1024:
1011:
998:
985:
967:
942:
916:
901:
900:
899:
898:
880:
877:
876:
875:
870:
864:
858:
853:
846:
843:
816:branch on the
779:
776:
775:
774:
769:Common Version
767:
760:
758:
751:
744:
742:
737:
730:
728:
721:
714:
712:
705:
698:
696:
689:
682:
680:
675:Common Version
673:
666:
664:
657:
650:
648:
641:
634:
632:
625:
618:
616:
609:
602:
600:
589:
582:
580:
573:
566:
564:
553:
546:
544:
533:
526:
524:
517:
510:
506:
503:
460:
457:
397:
394:
360:
359:Number of bars
357:
307:Main article:
304:
301:
273:dynastic union
220:
217:
210:
116:
115:
111:, 2 and 3 the
107:: 1 and 4 the
102:
96:
95:
90:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
72:
66:
65:
62:
61:
56:
48:
47:
43:
42:
34:
33:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1471:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1390:
1386:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1357:
1356:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1309:
1301:
1295:
1293:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1245:
1241:
1235:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1208:
1200:
1195:
1187:
1181:
1173:
1169:
1167:84-8324-084-X
1163:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1142:
1127:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1104:
1084:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1028:
1021:
1015:
1008:
1002:
995:
989:
982:. p. 31.
981:
974:
972:
957:on 2005-03-13
956:
952:
946:
930:
926:
920:
913:
912:
906:
902:
896:
894:
889:
888:
883:
882:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
848:
842:
840:
833:
832:
827:
823:
819:
815:
808:
806:
801:
799:
798:
793:
784:
764:
759:
748:
743:
734:
729:
718:
713:
702:
697:
686:
681:
670:
665:
654:
649:
638:
633:
622:
617:
606:
601:
594:
586:
581:
570:
565:
558:
550:
545:
538:
530:
525:
514:
509:
508:
502:
500:
496:
495:
489:
484:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
456:
454:
450:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
426:city Valencia
423:
419:
410:
402:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
370:
365:
356:
354:
353:
347:
346:
340:
336:
332:
330:
326:
320:
316:
310:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
231:with a cross
230:
226:
209:
207:
204:
200:
196:
191:
187:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
162:
160:
159:
153:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
114:
110:
106:
103:
101:
97:
94:
91:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
71:
67:
63:
59:
54:
49:
44:
40:
35:
28:
19:
1393:. Retrieved
1388:
1382:
1371:
1362:
1359:(in Catalan)
1338:. Retrieved
1336:(in Catalan)
1333:
1324:
1312:. Retrieved
1307:
1279:. Retrieved
1274:
1248:. Retrieved
1243:
1234:
1222:. Retrieved
1218:
1194:
1153:
1148:
1141:
1129:. Retrieved
1115:
1110:
1103:
1091:. Retrieved
1052:
1045:. Retrieved
1041:the original
1036:
1027:
1019:
1014:
1006:
1001:
993:
988:
979:
959:. Retrieved
955:the original
945:
933:. Retrieved
929:the original
919:
910:
905:
892:
886:
838:
835:
811:
810:
802:
795:
789:
499:oyster plant
491:
485:
476:
462:
446:
441:
433:
415:
389:
374:
349:
343:
329:Saint George
322:
318:
312:
237:patron saint
232:
228:
222:
181:, with four
165:
164:
156:
154:
121:
119:
1240:"Debruised"
839:Generalitat
824:one on the
771:(1996–2004)
755:(1996–2004)
725:(1939–1984)
709:(1939–1984)
505:Development
438:lambrequins
345:Generalitat
321:ordered: «
315:Tinell Hall
195:half-arches
190:royal crown
134:Middle Ages
1408:Categories
1037:Racocatala
961:2018-07-29
879:References
492:a circlet
490:, a crown
378:monochrome
339:quartering
271:merged by
247:, and the
1180:cite book
792:Barcelona
739:1984–1996
477:Comte-rei
434:Rat penat
285:Catalonia
227:(a field
167:Quarterly
130:Catalonia
126:Barcelona
105:Quarterly
1395:5 August
1340:5 August
1314:5 August
1281:5 August
1250:5 August
1224:5 August
1170:. (pdf:
1020:op. cit.
845:See also
826:sinister
535:Shield,
386:heraldic
295:and the
293:Valencia
267:and the
211:—
46:Versions
1131:28 July
1093:28 July
1047:28 July
935:29 July
873:Senyera
820:and an
595:Variant
559:Variant
557:Paletts
539:Variant
537:Lozenge
382:impaled
253:paletts
239:of the
219:History
183:paletts
150:isotype
146:lozenge
79:Adopted
70:Armiger
58:Isotype
1246:. 1894
1164:
1156:]
1122:
818:dexter
814:laurel
805:blazon
661:(1924)
519:Shield
418:arches
369:façade
325:banner
289:Aragon
265:Aragon
229:Argent
201:, and
193:(with
171:Argent
158:blazon
100:Shield
1304:(PDF)
1158:(pdf)
1152:[
1114:[
1087:(PDF)
822:olive
593:Crest
430:Palma
422:Crown
396:Crest
233:Gules
203:cross
199:monde
186:Gules
175:Gules
88:Crest
1397:2018
1342:2018
1316:2018
1283:2018
1252:2018
1226:2018
1186:link
1172:link
1162:ISBN
1133:2018
1120:ISBN
1095:2018
1049:2018
937:2018
803:The
555:Two
473:rank
279:and
259:and
155:The
142:flag
120:The
82:1329
428:or
355:».
235:),
1410::
1306:.
1291:^
1260:^
1242:.
1217:.
1206:^
1182:}}
1178:{{
1174:).
1067:^
1051:.
970:^
494:Or
455:.
291:,
287:,
197:,
179:Or
1399:.
1385:"
1381:"
1365:.
1344:.
1318:.
1285:.
1254:.
1228:.
1188:)
1135:.
1097:.
964:.
939:.
895:.
869:.
863:.
208:.
205:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
