173:
224:
160:
337:
209:
197:
134:
146:
309:
276:
344:
316:
283:
37:
1071:, the troops reached the outskirts of the capital on September 8, where they found the patriot army maintaining defensive positions. Although San Martín had a superior army based on the number of troops, he decided not to attack despite the insistence of General Las Heras, thus allowing Canterac to march until he entered Callao.
1110:
The conditions of capitulation allowed the royalist troops to withdraw in full dress, carrying their light weapons and with their flags unfurled, being saluted in the march by the artillery of the patriot army. After leaving their rifles on the flag, the regular soldiers were allowed to march to join
1122:
The benevolent conditions of San Martín, although criticized by some historians, allowed the patriot cause to win over some individuals who until then were active in the royalist army, recognizing the same rank and employment in the patriot army, among them La Mar himself, who, after renouncing his
1106:
When
Canterac left the castles, the Callao garrison was again isolated and with provisions for only four days. As the possibilities of the besieged receiving reinforcements or supplies of any kind became remote, San Martín offered La Mar an honorable surrender, assuring him that Canterac's army was
1031:
During the siege, shootings were frequent between the patriotic garrison, ships and outposts that harassed the defenders. On July 24, a parliamentarian received in the square the proclamations of independence of
General San Martín, which unsuccessfully sought to win the royalist garrison to the
1046:
and overrun the fortress gates before they could be lifted. The plan ended unsuccessfully. However, the patriot cavalry managed to kill or capture the soldiers who had not managed to enter the fortress. Because of this, the patriots had 27 casualties while the royalists 41, with
Colonel
1093:
and saw themselves facing the painful prospect of crossing the mountain range again, demoralization spread in the royalist army, as desertions increased to alarming levels. Despite their success against San Martín's troops that had sent in pursuit under the command of
General
1032:
patriot cause. Due to the unsuccessful result of this proposal, that same night the
Cochrane's fleet attacked the port, setting fire to two smaller ships and taking three. The fighting continued and on August 4 the besiegers began to bomb the castles with
1075:
They are lost. Callao is ours. They do not have provisions for fifteen days. The auxiliaries of the mountains are going to eat them. Within 8 days they will have to surrender or meet the end of our bayonets.
890:
419:
386:
1107:
moving away in a disastrous state and in frank dispersion. Faced with this situation, La Mar called a war junta where it was concluded that there was no alternative but surrender.
926:
1019:
The viceroy had a garrison of 2,000 men composed of regular soldiers and urban militias under the command of the governor and head of the square to defend the port. Marshal
812:
725:
1002:
579:
919:
567:
584:
572:
824:
862:
482:
448:
379:
795:
436:
506:
1281:
764:
737:
615:
532:
518:
494:
914:
902:
776:
675:
591:
460:
424:
730:
603:
651:
663:
629:
555:
372:
634:
895:
646:
336:
1038:, repeating this operation every night until the 14th in order to keep the royalist soldiers fatigued and demoralized. That same day, General
1085:
After holding a war junta in Callao, Canterac chose to return to the mountains. His men left the fortresses with enthusiasm and cheering the
974:
79:
1013:
213:
41:
1233:
According to a report from the commander at
Valparaíso to President O'Higgins (Gazeta ministerial de Chile. Vol III, 1821, p. 2)
1254:
1218:
1042:
led a daring ground attack on the plaza. The plan was for 150 horsemen and 1,000 infantrymen to race from their barracks in
1048:
931:
817:
308:
275:
537:
596:
164:
907:
1291:
852:
453:
560:
1067:
at the end of August. After crossing the Andean mountain range in a difficult journey and having to face the
962:
715:
138:
1153:
1059:
Meanwhile, from Cuzco, Viceroy La Serna had planned an incursion on the Lima valley, which, led by
General
1007:
874:
396:
28:
800:
754:
441:
1286:
1039:
687:
291:
829:
499:
867:
487:
994:
966:
477:
472:
201:
1089:
because they believed that they were going to fight, however, as they turned north, crossed the
511:
1086:
857:
769:
620:
523:
1210:
Historia general de Chile: Parte novena: Organización de la república 1820-1833 (continuación)
742:
1276:
781:
680:
465:
1148:
978:
954:
720:
608:
431:
8:
1128:
1043:
668:
177:
73:
1060:
990:
1132:
836:
749:
697:
807:
1250:
1214:
1136:
1020:
970:
228:
1095:
759:
692:
1098:, upon returning to Jauja, the army was seriously reduced in number and supplies.
1244:
1208:
1191:
1174:
790:
364:
1090:
1270:
658:
94:
81:
1023:
received an ultimatum on July 13 from
General San Martín, which he refused.
16:
Siege of the port of Callao in 1821 during the
Peruvian War of Independence
1001:
and the next day the land siege of Callao began, which, together with the
1012:
previously carried out by the
Chilean fleet under the command of Admiral
1115:
and the militiamen to return to their homes. As reported by the Chilean
1112:
1034:
36:
973:
in September of the same year, with him switching sides from the
1119:, the capitulated forces were 600 soldiers and 1000 militiamen.
958:
69:
45:
1124:
1123:
degrees and decorations that he received for his services in
1064:
993:
and his army to the mountains, the army under the command of
969:
in July 1821 which culminated in the capitulation of Marshal
172:
1246:
Seamos libres y lo demás no importa nada: vida de San Martín
998:
145:
1063:, commanding 3,100 soldiers and 9 artillery pieces, left
1131:, faithfully served the cause of independence until the
1080:
José de San Martín on a letter sent to General Las Heras
1189:
1249:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Colihue. p. 370.
989:On July 12, 1821, after the withdrawal of Viceroy
1054:
1268:
394:
1176:Compendio de historia de América: La revolución
380:
343:
315:
282:
1206:
1172:
1282:Battles of the Peruvian War of Independence
1196:. Editorial Jurídica de Chile. p. 168.
1190:Rodriguez Sepúlveda, Juan Agustín (1981).
387:
373:
953:was a prolonged military blockade of the
1179:. Imprenta del Ferrocarril. p. 426.
1242:
1213:. Editorial Universitaria. p. 73.
1269:
368:
351:First siege of Callao (South America)
1101:
13:
1051:being wounded and taken prisoner.
14:
1303:
957:(as well as other fortresses) in
342:
335:
314:
307:
281:
274:
222:
207:
195:
171:
158:
144:
132:
35:
1111:the royalist army stationed in
1236:
1227:
1200:
1183:
1166:
1055:Canterac's incursion into Lima
1016:, came to complete the siege.
1:
1159:
984:
965:under the command of General
963:Liberating Expedition of Peru
245:2,000 soldiers and militiamen
1207:Barros Arana, Diego (2000).
1173:Barros Arana, Diego (1865).
1154:Peruvian War of Independence
1026:
708:Northern liberation campaign
548:Southern liberation campaign
398:Peruvian War of Independence
323:First siege of Callao (Peru)
249:Several armed merchant ships
29:Peruvian War of Independence
7:
1193:La Vida Militar De Ohiggins
1142:
10:
1308:
1243:Galasso, Norberto (2000).
1040:Juan Gregorio de las Heras
716:Maynas War of Independence
406:
354:Show map of South America
268:
253:
234:
185:
122:
95:12.0333306°S 77.1333306°W
60:13 June–19 September 1821
52:
34:
26:
21:
927:Naval Blockade of Callao
100:-12.0333306; -77.1333306
1292:Battles involving Peru
1083:
738:Colombian intervention
186:Commanders and leaders
1073:
951:first siege of Callao
254:Casualties and losses
139:Liberating Expedition
22:First siege of Callao
1149:Protectorate of Peru
955:Real Felipe Fortress
412:Autonomous uprisings
295:Location within Lima
292:class=notpageimage|
1117:Ministerial Gazette
178:Viceroyalty of Peru
91: /
74:Viceroyalty of Peru
44:'s fleet blockades
1133:battle of Ayacucho
967:José de San Martín
891:Brown's Expedition
863:Conquest of Chiloé
750:Balconcillo mutiny
420:Goyeneche campaign
202:José de San Martín
1287:Conflicts in 1821
1256:978-9-50581-779-5
1220:978-9-56111-786-0
1137:president of Peru
1135:and later became
1003:maritime blockade
946:
945:
941:
940:
915:Guruceta campaign
903:Cochrane campaign
796:Olañeta rebellion
363:
362:
150:Peruvian patriots
118:
117:
1299:
1261:
1260:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1170:
1102:End of the siege
1096:Guillermo Miller
1081:
1061:José de Canterac
1049:Mariano Ricafort
1011:
991:José de la Serna
935:
923:
911:
899:
871:
833:
821:
804:
785:
773:
746:
684:
672:
655:
638:
624:
612:
600:
588:
576:
564:
541:
527:
515:
503:
491:
469:
457:
445:
428:
409:
408:
401:
399:
389:
382:
375:
366:
365:
355:
346:
345:
339:
327:
326:Show map of Peru
318:
317:
311:
299:
298:Show map of Lima
285:
284:
278:
227:
226:
225:
212:
211:
210:
200:
199:
198:
176:
175:
163:
162:
161:
149:
148:
137:
136:
135:
106:
105:
103:
102:
101:
96:
92:
89:
88:
87:
84:
54:
53:
39:
19:
18:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1257:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1221:
1205:
1201:
1188:
1184:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1145:
1104:
1082:
1079:
1057:
1029:
1014:Thomas Cochrane
1005:
987:
947:
942:
929:
917:
905:
893:
883:Naval campaigns
865:
827:
815:
798:
779:
767:
755:2nd Intermedios
740:
688:1st Intermedios
678:
666:
649:
632:
630:Miller campaign
618:
606:
594:
582:
570:
558:
535:
521:
509:
497:
485:
463:
451:
439:
422:
402:
397:
395:
393:
359:
358:
357:
356:
353:
352:
349:
348:
347:
330:
329:
328:
325:
324:
321:
320:
319:
302:
301:
300:
297:
296:
294:
288:
287:
286:
248:
246:
241:
223:
221:
218:
214:Thomas Cochrane
208:
206:
196:
194:
170:
159:
157:
153:
143:
133:
131:
114:Patriot victory
99:
97:
93:
90:
85:
82:
80:
78:
77:
76:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1305:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1263:
1262:
1255:
1235:
1226:
1219:
1199:
1182:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1144:
1141:
1103:
1100:
1077:
1056:
1053:
1028:
1025:
1021:José de La Mar
986:
983:
971:José de La Mar
944:
943:
939:
938:
937:
936:
924:
912:
900:
885:
884:
880:
879:
878:
877:
872:
860:
855:
853:Sucre campaign
847:
846:
842:
841:
840:
839:
834:
822:
810:
805:
793:
788:
787:
786:
774:
762:
752:
747:
735:
734:
733:
728:
726:2nd Higos Urco
723:
721:1st Higos Urco
710:
709:
705:
704:
703:
702:
701:
700:
695:
685:
673:
661:
656:
647:Quito campaign
644:
639:
627:
626:
625:
613:
589:
577:
565:
550:
549:
545:
544:
543:
542:
530:
529:
528:
516:
504:
492:
480:
470:
458:
446:
434:
429:
414:
413:
407:
404:
403:
392:
391:
384:
377:
369:
361:
360:
350:
341:
340:
334:
333:
332:
331:
322:
313:
312:
306:
305:
304:
303:
290:
289:
280:
279:
273:
272:
271:
270:
269:
266:
265:
264:400 casualties
262:
256:
255:
251:
250:
243:
237:
236:
232:
231:
229:José de la Mar
219:
217:
216:
204:
191:
188:
187:
183:
182:
181:
180:
154:
152:
151:
141:
128:
125:
124:
120:
119:
116:
115:
112:
108:
107:
68:
66:
62:
61:
58:
50:
49:
32:
31:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1304:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1258:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1239:
1230:
1222:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1203:
1195:
1194:
1186:
1178:
1177:
1169:
1165:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1108:
1099:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1076:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1052:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1024:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1009:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
982:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
933:
928:
925:
921:
916:
913:
909:
904:
901:
897:
892:
889:
888:
887:
886:
882:
881:
876:
873:
869:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
850:
849:
848:
845:Last bastions
844:
843:
838:
835:
831:
826:
823:
819:
814:
811:
809:
806:
802:
797:
794:
792:
791:Callao mutiny
789:
783:
778:
775:
771:
766:
763:
761:
758:
757:
756:
753:
751:
748:
744:
739:
736:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
718:
717:
714:
713:
712:
711:
707:
706:
699:
696:
694:
691:
690:
689:
686:
682:
677:
674:
670:
665:
662:
660:
657:
653:
648:
645:
643:
640:
636:
631:
628:
622:
617:
614:
610:
605:
602:
601:
598:
593:
590:
586:
581:
578:
574:
569:
566:
562:
557:
554:
553:
552:
551:
547:
546:
539:
534:
531:
525:
520:
517:
513:
508:
505:
501:
496:
493:
489:
484:
481:
479:
476:
475:
474:
471:
467:
462:
459:
455:
450:
447:
443:
438:
435:
433:
430:
426:
421:
418:
417:
416:
415:
411:
410:
405:
400:
390:
385:
383:
378:
376:
371:
370:
367:
338:
310:
293:
277:
267:
263:
261:
258:
257:
252:
244:
239:
238:
233:
230:
220:
215:
205:
203:
193:
192:
190:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
168:
167:
166:
155:
147:
142:
140:
130:
129:
127:
126:
121:
113:
110:
109:
104:
75:
71:
67:
64:
63:
59:
56:
55:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
25:
20:
1277:1821 in Peru
1245:
1238:
1229:
1209:
1202:
1192:
1185:
1175:
1168:
1121:
1116:
1109:
1105:
1084:
1074:
1068:
1058:
1033:
1030:
1018:
988:
977:side to the
950:
948:
641:
580:2nd Arenales
568:1st Arenales
259:
156:
123:Belligerents
86:77°7′59.99″W
83:12°1′59.99″S
27:Part of the
1091:Rímac river
1006: [
930: [
918: [
906: [
894: [
875:Iquicha War
866: [
828: [
825:Corpahuaico
816: [
799: [
780: [
768: [
741: [
679: [
667: [
650: [
633: [
619: [
607: [
595: [
583: [
571: [
559: [
536: [
522: [
510: [
498: [
486: [
464: [
452: [
440: [
423: [
98: /
1271:Categories
1160:References
1069:montoneros
1044:Bellavista
995:San Martín
985:Background
858:2nd Callao
813:Bellavista
642:1st Callao
592:Aznapuquio
483:Chacaltaya
247:3 warships
242:8 warships
1027:The siege
997:occupied
449:2nd Tacna
432:1st Tacna
240:7,000 men
1143:See also
1113:Arequipa
1078:—
975:Royalist
837:Ayacucho
765:Arequipa
698:Moquegua
616:Quiapata
533:Aymaraes
519:Umachiri
495:Apacheta
235:Strength
65:Location
42:Cochrane
979:Patriot
961:by the
777:Falsuri
676:Caucato
556:Paracas
461:Camiara
437:Huánuco
260:Unknown
1253:
1217:
1035:obuses
981:side.
959:Callao
760:Zepita
731:Habana
693:Torata
604:Ataura
507:Matará
478:Huanta
111:Result
70:Callao
48:by sea
46:Callao
1125:Spain
1065:Jauja
1010:]
934:]
922:]
910:]
898:]
870:]
832:]
820:]
808:Junín
803:]
784:]
772:]
745:]
683:]
671:]
664:Paras
654:]
637:]
623:]
611:]
599:]
587:]
575:]
563:]
540:]
526:]
514:]
502:]
490:]
473:Cuzco
468:]
456:]
444:]
427:]
165:Spain
1251:ISBN
1215:ISBN
1129:Peru
1127:and
1087:king
999:Lima
949:The
57:Date
659:Ica
1273::
1139:.
1008:es
932:es
920:es
908:es
896:es
868:es
830:es
818:es
801:es
782:es
770:es
743:es
681:es
669:es
652:es
635:es
621:es
609:es
597:es
585:es
573:es
561:es
538:es
524:es
512:es
500:es
488:es
466:es
454:es
442:es
425:es
72:,
1259:.
1223:.
388:e
381:t
374:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
