404:. Firefly squid possess three types of photophores. There are multiple (800-1000) small photophores covering the ventral surface of its body, five larger photophores around the lower margins of each eye, and three very large photophores at the tip of each of the fourth pair of arms. The photophores that dot the body of the squid produce two different wavelengths of light (both blue and green bioluminescence) while those around the eye and on the arms only produce blue light. The reactant luciferin and the necessary enzyme luciferase are located in a crystalline structure within rod-like bodies in their photophores. Firefly squid are the only cephalopods to have this structural arrangement which increases the efficiency of its bioluminescence and allows the light to be directed downward in a cone-like projection. This directed cone of bioluminescence is hypothesized to allow the Firefly squid to better detect its prey and predators from below and attract small fish to eat. The photophores on the tips of its fourth arm pair produce a very intense light that can be seen by the naked eye.
528:
Toyama Bay each spring during their mating season. For example, females store sperm for long periods in bilateral pouches under the neck collar, and are capable of egg spawning after the breeding season when males are no longer present. Males show specific sperm production and release patterning to augment their reproductive success. One proposed explanation for this unusual behavior is that although the males reach sexual maturity prior to the breeding season, females do not reach full maturity until later in the season. As a result of the shorter life-span of males, most males are only able to copulate once and are largely gone by the time that females are able to use the sperm stored during copulation. Once the squid's eggs have been fertilized and laid, it dies, having reached the end of its one-year lifespan. Spawning, which involves large aggregations of the squid, takes place between
February and July.
656:
358:
540:, during the estimated mating period (EMP) of mid-February to mid-March to test the firefly squid monogamy hypothesis. Researchers found that mated females stored an equivalent amount of sperm in both pouches surrounding their seminal receptacles. They also observed a gradual decrease in the quantity of sperm during the reproductive season. This data indicates the preservation of sperm through the lifespan of the female firefly squid. Researchers found that 95% of females tested stored sperm from a single male. Further data collection confirmed that a single male's sperm fertilized all of the female's eggs. Both of these findings support monogamous reproduction of
671:
626:
614:
715:
727:
557:
688:
544:. To test monogamy in male firefly squids, researchers measured the maturity and fecundity of individuals. Data show that average male sperm levels would allow for no more than 2-3 copulations. The evidence for a low sperm production capacity and limited mating opportunities for males based on biased operational sex ratio and a lack of female remating supports the monogamy hypothesis in males. Female monandry was established first and subsequently males followed suit to create mutual monogamy in
641:
75:
460:
703:
50:
31:
441:: it matches the brightness and colour of its underside to the light coming from the surface, making it difficult for predators to detect it from below. As a participant in diel vertical migration, firefly squid primarily feed during the night. This feeding strategy is reflected in the squid's gut anatomy, which has a longer cecum that allows it to absorb nutrients during the day when its metabolic rate is lower.
514:(LSA). Cone cells of the vertebrate retina are clustered in the same retinal location and use multifocal lenses to refract the wavelengths to activate the specific photoreceptor cells. Firefly squid do not have multifocal lenses, but use a banked retina –specific photoreceptive cells are located at different distances from the lens – to compensate for LSA.
417:. For this reason, they also experience a significant change in environmental temperatures throughout the course of a day(3–6 °C or 37–43 °F during the day and 5–15 °C or 41–59 °F during the night). The firefly squid is especially well known for its yearly migration to the coastal waters of
505:
active pigments have only been found in the eyes of other organisms capable of color discrimination. The three pigments found include retinal (A1) with maximal absorption at 482 nm, hydroxyretinal (A4) with maximal absorption at 470 nm, and dehydroretinal (A2) with maximal absorption at 500 nm.
344:
and then die shortly thereafter. This mass migration of firefly squid to the shore is a lucrative business for
Japanese fishermen, and during spawning season many go out to the bays to collect the dying squid. Many more also visit Japan during spawning season to see the bright blue light created from
412:
The firefly squid inhabits the waters off the coast of Japan. The depth at which these squids can be found varies (300–400 m or 1,000–1,300 ft during the day, and 20–60 m or 70–200 ft during the night) over the course of a day, as they are one of the several species of squid that
491:
are blue, green, and yellow. These shorter wavelengths have more energy and can penetrate deeper into the water column. The squid's visual system is adapted to capture the greatest amount of light at these depths. Each eye has a large pupil to allow more ambient light to enter the eye, no cornea to
504:
Chemical and structural analysis of the firefly squid retina reveal the presence of three visually active pigments located in distinct regions of the squid's retina. This is unique among cephalopods and may allow these squid to have color discrimination vision. The presence of two or more visually
433:
Firefly squid face high predation rates and may serve as the primary food source for some predatory species including northern fur seals, particularly during their yearly migration. The squid spends the day at depths of several hundred meters, returning to the surface when night falls. It uses its
527:
Cephalopods species have historically been polyandrous, in which a female mates with multiple mates, through common reproductive traits and life history. Firefly squid show rare evidence of cephalopod monogamy in their reproductive cycle when they make a yearly migration to the coastal waters of
509:
shows that each pigment is contained in individual retinal photoreceptor cells which allows segregation of each pigment to specific locations on the squid retina. Light of specific wavelengths need to reach the specific photoreceptive cells in the retina to avoid longitudinal
429:
The diet of a firefly squid changes throughout its life stages. During its paralarval stage, its diet is primarily composed of calanoid copepods (zooplankton). Subadult and adult stages see an increase in dietary diversity to include planktonic crustaceans, fishes, and squid.
581:
has been difficult due to their adaptation to a deep sea environment that is notably cold and dark. Researchers found that long-term sedation (3+ days) of firefly squid can be accomplished using magnesium sulphate with relatively no harm being conferred to the organisms.
568:
Fishers have long known that firefly squid congregate in Toyama Bay off the
Japanese coast to spawn. They are often caught at night when they rise to the surface or in fishing nets that trawl mesopelagic depths during the day. Commercial consumption of the
573:
is largely driven by the flashing blue display of photophores that makes them considered a menu prized item at restaurants. This squid is commercially fished in Japan, accounting for an annual catch of 4,804 to 6,822 tons from 1990 to 1999.
743:
1246:
Sato, Noriyosi; Tsuda, Sei-Ichiro; Alam, Nur; Sasanami, Tomohiro; Iwata, Yoko; Kusama, Satoshi; Inamura, Osamu; Yoshida, Masa-aki; Hirohashi, Noritaka (2019). "Polyandry is extremely rare in the firefly squid, Watasenia scintillans".
586:
quickly returned to its normal state only minutes after being transferred into fresh seawater at the final destination. The transported animals maintained their photophore-flashing capabilities, a key focus for researchers.
1200:"A Model for Enhancing the Visual Information Available Under Low-Level Light Conditions: Multiple Contrast Channels Created by Stepwise Changes in Detector Parameters in the Banked Ventral Retina of the Firefly Squid"
907:
1413:
Mori, Junta; Kubodera, Tsunemi; Baba, Norihisa (June 2001). "Squid in the diet of northern fur seals, Callorhinus ursinus, caught in the western and central North
Pacific Ocean".
1716:
Sato, Noriyosi; Tsuda, Sei-Ichiro; Nur E. Alam, Md.; Sasanami, Tomohiro; Iwata, Yoko; Kusama, Satoshi; Inamura, Osamu; Yoshida, Masa-aki; Hirohashi, Noritaka (2020-03-07).
1940:
Patel, K. and D. Pee 2011. "Watasenia scintillans" (On-line), Animal
Diversity Web. Accessed October 9, 2016 at http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Watasenia_scintillans/
1839:
361:
Diagram illustrating the basic features of a generic squid. The mantle, eyes, arms, tentacles, buccal membrane, and typical suckers are all shown in this diagram.
400:
On average, an adult firefly squid is approximately 7.5 cm (3 in) in length. They are brown/red in color, but emit blue and green light by their
393:
for possessing the characteristic traits of having no tentacle pockets in the head and no suckers on the buccal supports. They belong to the family of
483:
The firefly squid resides in the deep waters of the
Western Pacific Ocean where limited amounts of visual light penetrate from the surface and are
2073:
2112:
1539:
932:
Teranishi, Katsunori; Shimomura, Osamu (2008-05-01). "Bioluminescence of the arm light organs of the luminous squid
Watasenia scintillans".
655:
2272:
625:
492:
reduce or distort absorbed light, a spherical lens to greatly limit distortion (coma and astigmatism), and a predominant visual pigment,
670:
1283:"Diel vertical migration of squid in the warm core ring and cold water masses in the transition region of the western North Pacific"
2218:
2047:
714:
2231:
2086:
1017:
604:
2125:
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The lifespan of a firefly squid is about one year. At the end of their lives, females return close to shore to release their
2091:
2236:
702:
2287:
564:. They are caught in bulk during spawning on the shores of Japan and are offered in many restaurants and grocery stores
357:
2292:
1042:
Hamanaka, Toshiaki; Michinomae, Masanao; Seidou, Masatsugu; Miura, Keiko; Inoue, Katsuaki; Kito, Yuji (2011-09-02).
2277:
2244:
2164:
1894:"Low dosage of magnesium sulphate as a long-term sedative during transport of firefly squid, Watasenia scintillans"
1440:
Young, R.E.; Roper, C.F. (1976). "Bioluminescent countershading in midwater animals: evidence from living squid".
613:
2117:
1986:
2000:
1540:"Structural Basis For Wavelength Discrimination in the Banked Retina of the Firefly Squid Watasenis Scintillans"
726:
977:"Bioluminescence reaction catalyzed by membrane-bound luciferase in the "firefly squid," Watasenia scintillans"
318:, or attracting food, but it is still unclear in the scientific community exactly how this species uses their
1587:
1488:"Compensation for Longitudinal Chromatic Aberration in the Eye of the Firefly Squid, Watasenia Scintillans"
506:
2008:
536:
Research was conducted in 2020 around the Oki
Islands in the Sea of Japan, a prevalent mating ground for
2013:
2297:
687:
74:
2249:
2169:
1387:
813:
2282:
1388:"Diet composition of the firefly squid, Watasenia scintillans, from Toyama bay, southern Japan sea"
1044:"Luciferase activity of the intracellular microcrystal of the firefly squid, Watasenia scintillans"
908:"Photic environment and bioluminescent cephalopod (Watasenia scintillans) -Firefly squid's MINAGE-"
790:
2156:
1893:
414:
1339:"The functional-morphological adaptive strategy of digestive organs of decapodiform cephalopods"
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2078:
1948:
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Historically, firefly squid was never eaten raw in Japan, due to risk of the nematode parasite
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640:
345:
the firefly squid's bioluminescence light up the bay, making their spawning season not only a
2143:
744:
List of
Special Places of Scenic Beauty, Special Historic Sites and Special Natural Monuments
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Watanabe, Hikaru; Kubodera, Tsunemi; Moku, Masatoshi; Kawaguchi, Kouichi (June 13, 2006).
8:
378:
153:
39:
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1453:
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1161:"A note on the fibre-optic light-guides in the eye photophores of Watasenia scintillans"
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949:
603:, raw firefly squid can now be served after passing food safety standards set by the
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Michinomae, Ishikawa; Kabutoyama, Kito; Masanao, Masaki; Nishinomiya, Yuji (2009).
785:
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319:
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291:
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1926:
1909:
1718:"Rare polyandry and common monogamy in the firefly squid, Watasenia scintillans"
1018:"Observations on Minute Photophores of the Firefly Squid, Watasenia scintillans"
1741:
1176:
302:
between 200 and 400 metres (700 and 1,300 feet; 100 and 200 fathoms). They are
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1253:
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2099:
1971:
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layout. They are soft-bodied organisms with a skeletal structure composed of
59:
54:
1649:
1461:
1115:
459:
1814:
1767:
1691:
1665:
1614:
1513:
1372:
1142:
1091:"ATP-dependent bioluminescence in the firefly squid, Watasenia scintillans"
1067:
1002:
961:
314:, which some scientists have hypothesized could be used for communication,
1573:
1469:
474:
helps to match the squid's brightness and colour to the sea surface above.
2151:
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1980:
1354:
1837:
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1316:
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30:
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Bulletin of the Japan Sea
National Fisheries Research Institute (Japan)
1307:
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467:
438:
418:
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366:
315:
311:
116:
1654:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
905:
373:, commonly known as squid. Their body consists of a distinct head and
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694:
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325:
126:
86:
1942:
1782:
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1965:
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106:
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346:
329:
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1995:
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761:
759:
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1041:
662:
561:
370:
337:
307:
299:
279:
267:
263:
16:
Species of cephalopod also known as the sparkling enope squid
1781:
Fromhage, Lutz; Elgar, Mark A.; Schneider, Jutta M. (2005).
1715:
1838:""Under a cloud": Silence, Identity, and Interpretation in
1538:
Michinomae, M; Masuda, H; Seidou, M; Kito, Y (1994-08-01).
1159:
Kawahara, M.; Gleadall, I. G.; Tsukahara, Y. (2010-04-10).
756:
632:
333:
1537:
1158:
341:
385:. They have relatively large eyes, eight arms, and two
1780:
934:
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects
927:
925:
765:
1245:
290:
These tiny squid are found on the shores of Japan in
922:
1898:Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology
1783:"Faithful Without Care: The Evolution of Monogyny"
981:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes
931:
1648:Parker, Geoff A.; Birkhead, Tim R. (2013-03-05).
2264:
1619:. Joseph Jez (3 ed.). San Diego: Elsevier.
1588:"Map of Life - 'Colour vision' in Firefly squid"
1486:Kröger, Ronald H.H.; Gislén, Anna (2004-08-01).
1412:
298:season, but spend most of their lives in deeper
1385:
1095:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
496:(A1) with a maximal absorption at 482 nm.
1647:
1835:
791:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T163146A977074.en
444:
389:. They are further classified into the order
1485:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
328:and actively hunts its food, which includes
811:
349:opportunity but also a tourist attraction.
1439:
470:. When seen from below by a predator, the
48:
29:
1757:
1681:
1555:
1503:
1362:
1336:
1323:
1306:
1252:
1232:
1215:
1132:
1114:
992:
789:
708:Marinated in okizuke (soy, vinegar, sake)
434:abilities to sense and produce light for
397:, based on the hooks on their tentacles.
352:
1891:
1650:"Polyandry: the history of a revolution"
1197:
877:
555:
458:
356:
1165:South African Journal of Marine Science
1025:Scientific Reports Tokosuka City Museum
1015:
849:
720:Firefly squid with grated daikon radish
2265:
1887:
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1204:Interdisciplinary Information Sciences
1154:
1152:
605:Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
1947:
1946:
1533:
1531:
1433:
1406:
1343:Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
1088:
974:
424:
278:is the sole species in the monotypic
1616:Encyclopedia of biological chemistry
901:
899:
873:
871:
845:
843:
841:
839:
805:
2273:IUCN Red List least concern species
1880:
1698:
1476:
1337:Omura, Ayano; Endo, Hideki (2016).
1261:
1149:
777:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
13:
1528:
1386:Hayashi, S.; Hirakawa, K. (1997).
975:Tsuji, Frederick I. (2002-08-19).
599:. However, with the use of modern
212:Abralia (Compsoteuthis) nishikawae
14:
2309:
1920:
896:
878:Tsuchiya, Kotaro (October 2015).
868:
850:Preston, Elizabeth (2018-07-03).
836:
766:Barratt, I.; Allcock, L. (2014).
631:Boiled and served with vinegared
551:
421:for the purpose of reproduction.
365:The firefly squid belongs to the
822:World Register of Marine Species
725:
713:
701:
686:
669:
654:
639:
624:
612:
73:
1892:Gleadall, Ian G. (2013-09-01).
1829:
1774:
1641:
1606:
1580:
1544:Journal of Experimental Biology
1379:
1191:
1082:
918:: 280–286 – via ProQuest.
522:
407:
1287:Marine Ecology Progress Series
1035:
1009:
968:
254:), also commonly known as the
1:
1427:10.1016/S0165-7836(01)00233-8
1060:10.1016/j.febslet.2011.07.033
994:10.1016/S0005-2736(02)00447-9
912:Aquabiology/Kaiyo to Seibutsu
749:
531:
487:. The shorter wavelengths of
478:
1505:10.1016/j.visres.2004.04.004
946:10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.01.016
884:The Tree of Life Web Project
507:Scanning electron microscopy
7:
1910:10.1016/j.jembe.2013.02.021
1613:Jacobs, G.H. (2021-01-01).
1592:Convergent Evolution Online
1089:Tsuji, F. I. (1985-07-01).
824:. Flanders Marine Institute
737:
499:
10:
2314:
2288:Molluscs described in 1911
1935:
1927:Tree of Life web project:
1742:10.1038/s41598-020-68006-1
1177:10.2989/025776198784126250
1016:Inamura, O. (1990-12-01).
732:Firefly squid gunkan sushi
590:
448:
445:Bioluminescence and vision
2180:
1955:
1594:. University of Cambridge
1254:10.1101/2019.12.13.875062
1198:Gleadall, Ian G. (1994).
676:Mixed with squid ink and
517:
463:Principle of the squid's
369:class and the superorder
208:
201:
182:
175:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
2293:Monotypic mollusc genera
306:organisms and emit blue
2278:Bioluminescent molluscs
2182:Abraliopsis scintillans
1462:10.1126/science.1251214
1116:10.1073/pnas.82.14.4629
880:"Watasenia scintillans"
852:"Flashes of Brilliance"
415:diel vertical migration
379:bilaterally symmetrical
324:The firefly squid is a
1836:Daniel Hannah (2007).
1666:10.1098/rstb.2012.0335
597:Crassicauda giliakiana
565:
560:Firefly squid sold in
475:
362:
353:Anatomy and morphology
231:Abraliopsis scintillan
2001:watasenia-scintillans
1987:Watasenia scintillans
1957:Watasenia scintillans
1929:Watasenia scintillans
816:Watasenia scintillans
770:Watasenia scintillans
559:
462:
449:Further information:
360:
256:sparkling enope squid
251:Watasenia scintillans
186:Watasenia scintillans
1355:10.1292/jvms.15-0185
812:Julian Finn (2016).
784:: e.T163146A977074.
619:Boiled firefly squid
512:spherical aberration
465:counter-illumination
455:Counter-illumination
436:counter-illumination
1734:2020NatSR..1010962S
1557:10.1242/jeb.193.1.1
1454:1976Sci...191.1046Y
1299:2006MEPS..315..187W
1217:10.4036/iis.1994.67
1107:1985PNAS...82.4629T
168:W. scintillans
40:Conservation status
1858:10.1353/cnd.0.0004
1722:Scientific Reports
1660:(1613): 20120335.
1415:Fisheries Research
1308:10.3354/meps315187
566:
476:
425:Diet and predators
363:
266:, is a species of
2298:Molluscs of Japan
2260:
2259:
2139:Open Tree of Life
1949:Taxon identifiers
1626:978-0-12-822040-5
1498:(18): 2129–2134.
1101:(14): 4629–4632.
1054:(17): 2735–2738.
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1793:(7): 1400–1405.
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1448:(4231): 1046–8.
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690:
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628:
616:
413:participates in
320:bioluminescence.
234:
225:
223:Abralia japonica
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152:
78:
77:
57:
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51:
33:
21:
20:
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2283:Enoploteuthidae
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1394:(in Japanese).
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472:bioluminescence
457:
451:Bioluminescence
447:
427:
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395:Enoploteuthidae
355:
272:Enoploteuthidae
197:
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184:
171:
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137:Enoploteuthidae
72:
64:
53:
49:
42:
17:
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1421:(1–2): 91–97.
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1231:
1190:
1171:(1): 123–127.
1148:
1081:
1034:
1008:
987:(1): 189–197.
967:
940:(5): 784–792.
921:
895:
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818:(Berry, 1911)"
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584:W. scintillans
579:W. scintillans
571:W. scintillans
553:
552:Commercial use
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546:W. scintillans
542:W. scintillans
538:W. scintillans
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371:Decapodiformes
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304:bioluminescent
276:W. scintillans
270:in the family
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602:
601:refrigeration
598:
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489:visible light
486:
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246:firefly squid
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177:Binomial name
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76:
71:
67:
61:
56:
55:Least Concern
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2181:
1956:
1939:
1928:
1901:
1897:
1852:(1): 39–59.
1849:
1845:
1831:
1790:
1786:
1776:
1728:(1): 10962.
1725:
1721:
1657:
1653:
1643:
1615:
1608:
1596:. Retrieved
1591:
1582:
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1445:
1441:
1435:
1418:
1414:
1408:
1391:
1381:
1346:
1342:
1290:
1286:
1210:(1): 67–75.
1207:
1203:
1193:
1168:
1164:
1098:
1094:
1084:
1051:
1048:FEBS Letters
1047:
1037:
1028:
1024:
1011:
984:
980:
970:
937:
933:
915:
911:
887:. Retrieved
883:
859:. Retrieved
855:
826:. Retrieved
821:
815:
807:
795:. Retrieved
781:
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567:
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541:
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432:
428:
411:
408:Distribution
399:
377:, and has a
364:
336:, and other
323:
289:
283:
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275:
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245:
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230:
222:
211:
185:
183:
167:
166:
147:
146:
18:
2152:SeaLifeBase
2061:iNaturalist
1981:Wikispecies
1904:: 138–139.
1550:(1): 1–12.
1349:(1): 43–7.
1293:: 187–197.
797:19 November
577:Storage of
402:photophores
367:Cephalopoda
312:photophores
235:Berry, 1911
117:Cephalopoda
2267:Categories
2197:Q109578549
1846:Conradiana
1635:1263028391
1598:6 November
1031:: 101–105.
889:2020-03-08
861:2020-03-08
856:bioGraphic
750:References
693:Served in
523:Background
479:Background
468:camouflage
439:camouflage
419:Toyama Bay
316:camouflage
292:springtime
260:hotaru-ika
1874:170616297
1866:1935-0252
1823:198155857
1807:0014-3820
1787:Evolution
1750:2045-2322
1674:0962-8436
1566:1477-9145
1400:0021-4620
1226:1347-6157
1185:0257-7615
1125:0027-8424
954:0304-4165
695:soy sauce
391:Oegopsida
387:tentacles
284:Watasenia
162:Species:
148:Watasenia
127:Oegopsida
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
2191:Wikidata
2079:10210409
1966:Wikidata
1840:Lord Jim
1815:16153026
1768:32620906
1692:23339245
1522:12550230
1514:15183679
1373:26369293
1317:24870152
1143:16593580
1076:37903489
1068:21821032
1003:12101012
962:18294462
738:See also
679:shiokara
532:Research
500:Research
332:, small
330:copepods
326:predator
296:spawning
203:Synonyms
154:Ishikawa
133:Family:
107:Mollusca
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
2224:2290276
2144:1054846
2053:2290275
1972:Q303718
1936:Sources
1759:7334199
1730:Bibcode
1683:3576588
1574:9317205
1470:1251214
1450:Bibcode
1442:Science
1364:4751115
1295:Bibcode
1249:bioRxiv
1103:Bibcode
828:4 March
648:sashimi
591:As food
494:retinal
347:fishing
338:squids.
294:during
216:Pfeffer
196:, 1911)
143:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
2250:368525
2170:342419
2131:342419
2105:163146
2092:556011
2040:399186
1996:ARKive
1872:
1864:
1821:
1813:
1805:
1766:
1756:
1748:
1690:
1680:
1672:
1633:
1623:
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1564:
1520:
1512:
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1398:
1371:
1361:
1315:
1251:
1224:
1183:
1141:
1134:390439
1131:
1123:
1074:
1066:
1001:
960:
952:
518:Mating
383:chitin
375:mantle
300:waters
218:, 1912
156:, 1914
2245:WoRMS
2237:82399
2165:WoRMS
2157:57618
2074:IRMNG
2066:47878
2027:5BV5K
2014:26418
1870:S2CID
1819:S2CID
1518:S2CID
1313:JSTOR
1072:S2CID
1021:(PDF)
663:sushi
562:Tokyo
310:from
308:light
280:genus
268:squid
264:Japan
194:Berry
2232:ITIS
2219:GBIF
2211:8LNG
2126:OBIS
2118:6625
2113:NCBI
2100:IUCN
2087:ITIS
2048:GBIF
2009:BOLD
1862:ISSN
1811:PMID
1803:ISSN
1764:PMID
1746:ISSN
1688:PMID
1670:ISSN
1631:OCLC
1621:ISBN
1600:2012
1570:PMID
1562:ISSN
1510:PMID
1466:PMID
1396:ISSN
1369:PMID
1222:ISSN
1181:ISSN
1139:PMID
1121:ISSN
1064:PMID
999:PMID
985:1564
958:PMID
950:ISSN
938:1780
830:2018
799:2021
782:2014
633:miso
453:and
342:eggs
334:fish
244:The
2206:CoL
2035:EoL
2022:CoL
1906:doi
1902:447
1854:doi
1795:doi
1754:PMC
1738:doi
1678:PMC
1662:doi
1658:368
1552:doi
1548:193
1500:doi
1458:doi
1446:191
1423:doi
1359:PMC
1351:doi
1303:doi
1291:315
1212:doi
1173:doi
1129:PMC
1111:doi
1056:doi
1052:585
989:doi
942:doi
786:doi
661:As
646:As
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262:in
258:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
