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1019:'s new 300-series' first stage, which is similar to Firefly's in-development MLV launch vehicle, and features the same composite structures as well as seven Miranda engines producing 7,200 kN (1,600,000 lbf) of thrust — substantially greater than the previous 200-series first stage. Northrop Grumman states that the new first stage substantially increases the mass capability of
885:, committed to fully fund Firefly through at least its first two launches. The plans for engine development were significantly altered by the new management, and the revised Alpha vehicle design featured a pump-fed engine and removed the aerospike configuration. The reorganization initially delayed development by approximately a year, with the first launch expected, as of 2017, in 2019.
286:. In 2020, the Beta was redesigned to be a scaled up Alpha. The first stage would be 3.7 m (12 ft) in diameter with 5 Reaver 2 engines capable of delivering 8000 kg to LEO or 5800 kg to SSO inside a 4.7 m (15 ft) fairing. In October 2021, the first Beta launch was planned for the second half of 2024.
257:
new national security mission responsive-launch record. The previous responsive-launch record was 21 days in June 2021. Firefly's fourth launch on
December 22, 2023 was also partially successful, with the second stage failing to perform its circularization burn, leaving its payload in an elliptical orbit instead.
999:
In late
November 2021, Maxim Polyakov received a letter from the US Committee on Foreign Investment (CFIUS) asking Polyakov and his investment firm Noosphere Venture Partners to sell a stake in Firefly (nearly 50%) for national security reasons. Polyakov denied the threat to US national security, but
970:
In
December 2019, a group of primary shareholders of Firefly Space Systems filed a lawsuit alleging fraud and intentional bankruptcy of the company by Tom Markusic. According to the defendants, including Polyakov, the lawsuit was provocative and the plaintiffs' claims unfounded, three years after the
720:
designed to move payloads and satellites from one orbit to another within LEO, GEO, and cislunar space. Elytra would allow smaller rockets (such as
Firefly's own Alpha) to deliver larger payloads to more difficult orbits, and enable satellite relocation, servicing, mission extension, and deorbiting.
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Lightning is a vacuum-optimized engine designed for use on the upper stage of
Firefly's Alpha rocket. Lightning has a thrust of 70.1 kN and an ISP of 322 sec. Like Reaver, Lightning uses RP-1 and LOX as its propellants as well as the same combustion tap-off cycle. It is also re-lightable for missions
888:
Development of engines and structures resumed in 2017 and
Firefly Aerospace performed multiple hot-fire tests of its Lightning-1 second stage engine on its existing horizontal test stand. A vertical stage test stand was nearing completion and stage testing was expected to begin in the second half of
1007:
Even after
Noosphere and Polyakov sold their controlling stake in the company, the US government continued to push them to sell all their remaining shares, blocking Firefly from launching their second rocket and denying them launch licenses until Polyakov was completely divested. The government did
256:
Alpha performed its first partially successful orbital launch on
October 1, 2022, after an unsuccessful first attempt on September 3, 2021. The first fully successful launch of Alpha took place on September 15, 2023. Firefly launched this mission 27 hours after receiving notice to launch, setting a
843:
In
December 2014, Tom Markusic's former employer Virgin Galactic alleged he had illegally provided Virgin intellectual property to the Alpha development team. Virgin also alleged that Markusic had "destroyed storage devices, disposed of computers, and reformatted hard drives to cover the tracks of
573:
Reaver is an expendable rocket engine designed for use on
Firefly's Alpha rocket. It has a thrust of 184 kN and a specific impulse of 295.6 sec. It is powered by RP-1 and liquid oxygen as its fuel and oxidizer, respectively. Reaver is fixed-throttle, meaning it runs at full power from ignition to
345:
306:
on the first stage and 1 Vira engine on the second stage. It will be capable of delivering over 16,000 kg to LEO in a 5 m (16.4 ft) fairing. The first MLV launch is scheduled for the second half of 2026 from Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia. MLV will initially be expendable but will eventually
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confirmed that Markusic had destroyed evidence. Thereafter, a major European investor backed down, leaving Firefly without sufficient money to proceed. The company furloughed its entire staff in October 2016. According to Markusic, the investor's drawback was not related to the litigation but to
724:
It comes in 3 versions: Elytra Dawn (the smallest, intended for LEO operations), Elytra Dusk (intended for LEO-to-geostationary transfers), and Elytra Dark (the most capable, intended for long-duration transfers to cislunar space and beyond). Elytra Dark will propel Blue Ghost Mission 2 to lunar
634:
Miranda is Firefly's next-generation rocket engine designed for use on the first stage of its upcoming MLV launch vehicle, in addition to Northrop Grumman's Antares 330. Miranda has a thrust of 1,023 kN and an ISP of 305 sec. Miranda uses the same RP-1 and LOX propellants as Firefly's Reaver and
610:
had purchased up to 50 modified Reaver engines and a technology transfer to license-build their own version of Reaver in-house for their Rocket 4 vehicle. Astra refers to this engine as Chiron. It is largely the same as Reaver, but Firefly implemented a two-axis hydraulic gimbal and a modified
564:
Firefly designed both Reaver and Lightning in close cooperation with Firefly Aerospace Ukraine which had status of Ukrainian subsidiary of Firefly. Firefly Aerospace Ukraine hadn't any relations to other Ukrainian aerospace companies like Yuzhnoye and Yuzhmash. However Yuzhmash was involved in
1008:
not give reasons beyond Polyakov was Ukrainian and Ukraine and Russia had once worked together on rockets. Despite Polyakov's anger, he agreed, and on February 24, 2022, it was announced that Polyakov and his company Noosphere would sell their stake in Firefly to AE Industrial Partners.
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engine. The mission was the first partially successful orbital launch for Alpha, carrying educational payloads. Alpha deployed 7 satellites, however, due to the lower than intended final deployment orbit, most of the satellites re-entered approximately a week after launch.
646:
Vira is a vacuum-optimized version of Miranda designed for the upper stage of Firefly's MLV vehicle. It has a vacuum thrust of 890 kN and an ISP of 328 sec, and uses RP-1 and LOX as its propellants. It is re-lightable for missions requiring multiple upper stage burns.
307:"incorporate first-stage reusability." In 2024, the company reported on social media that it was progressing and on track with Miranda engine testing for the MLV. In mid-2024, the company added that the MLV's first stage is being architected for
549:
and results in a dramatically simpler and lighter engine, in exchange for increased engineering complexity and requiring more exotic materials in order to handle the high heat and pressure. The startup sequence is also more challenging.
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In July 2024, CEO Bill Weber resigned amid reports the company was investigating an alleged inappropriate relationship. Peter Schumacher, a board member, will serve as interim CEO while the company searches for a new CEO.
880:
After going bankrupt and being liquidated in March 2017, the company was re-created as Firefly Aerospace by Noosphere Ventures, who bought out the assets of former Firefly Space Systems. The owner of Noosphere Ventures,
2031:
2083:
834:
Firefly performed its first hot-fire engine test of the "Firefly Rocket Engine Research 1" (FRE-R1) on September 10, 2015. The initial demonstration launch of the Firefly Alpha was planned to be as early as 2016.
1784:
1004:, the future of the Firefly R&D center in Ukraine was uncertain; after the invasion started, the Dnipro factory was bombed and many of the Ukrainian engineers either joined the army or fled the country.
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in January 2014 by Tom Markusic, P.J. King and Michael Blum and a small group of entrepreneurs who self-funded the company. The company was named in honor of the cult hit television show
740:. The company has access to about 50,000 ft of manufacturing facilities for building composite and metallic components in-house. Firefly will use leased launch sites in California (
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1911:
542:
This engine type eliminates traditional gas generators and instead opts to "tap off" the main combustion chamber, utilizing the high heat and pressure within it to drive the pumps.
2139:
1262:
167:. The company completed its $ 75 million Series A investment round in May 2021, which was led by DADA Holdings. The current company was formed when the assets of the former company
1825:
2295:
860:
In March 2017, it was announced that "virtually all" of the assets of Firefly would be sold at auction, organized by EOS Launcher, Inc., who had previously bought a US$ 1 million
925:
On October 10, 2018, Firefly Aerospace and smallsat developer York Space Systems announced a partnership to offer customers a combined package of satellite and launch services.
2039:
1228:
2695:
2638:
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336:. Wallops LP-0A is being retrofitted to support the new, larger, more powerful first stage. In April 2024, the company announced testing was occurring on the Antares 300.
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918:. The Firefly R&D center was announced to become, over time, a place of work for more than 150 employees, and is equipped with the largest
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production of some engine components. There were plans to use Yuzhmash for mass production of Firefly engines but these plans were cancelled.
992:
on September 3, 2021. The Firefly Alpha rocket experienced an anomaly during ascent, and the Range terminated the flight using the explosive
3035:
1792:
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1038:. Alpha completed all objectives (that Firefly had itself placed) for the mission, becoming the first orbital rocket to be powered by a
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agreed to comply. Noosphere Ventures has announced that it will hire an investment banking firm to sell. Even before the start of the
1628:
1220:
819:
The Firefly Alpha design was revealed in July 2014. Firefly's objective was to be cash-flow positive by 2018, based on anticipated
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2006:
332:, providing the first stage, which consists of a de-rated MLV first stage. The second stage is carried over from the previous
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against Firefly and two of its officers. By December 1, 2016, Firefly Space Systems had permanently ceased engineering work.
2816:
1616:
Representatives of Firefly and Northrop said they expected the first flight of MLV to take place in the second half of 2026.
2907:
1759:"[Video] Firefly Aerospace on LinkedIn: Last week at our Rocket Ranch, Fireflies lifted the first Antares 330/MLV…"
242:
2503:
2191:
2108:
2032:"Firefly to Become the Premier Supplier of Rocket Engines and Spaceflight Components for the Emerging New Space Industry"
1066:
1047:
2958:
1200:"Texas-based Firefly makes small and medium launch vehicles for commercial launches to orbit. Its small-launch vehicle,"
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As a result of these challenges, tap-off has been largely ignored, with the only other engines using it being the
964:
250:
278:, which consisted of three Alpha cores strapped together. In October 2019, Firefly announced a partnership with
2267:
1808:
1728:"Northrop Grumman Teams with Firefly Aerospace to Develop Antares Rocket Upgrade and New Medium Launch Vehicle"
500:
230:
1483:
1598:
943:
In February 2019, the company announced that it would develop manufacturing facilities and a launch site at
249:. It uses four Reaver engines on its first stage and one Lightning engine on its second, with a lightweight
1549:"Firefly Aerospace doubles Texas footprint to support testing of Antares 330, MLV rocket – Spaceflight Now"
1351:
809:
379:
1938:
1035:
1001:
420:
352:
Firefly Gamma was a concept of a winged rocket to launch small payloads into orbit. It would have been a
2533:
294:
Since its announcement in August 2022, the MLV design has undergone several revisions. Now known as the
1515:
1082:
1051:
271:
221:. Firefly's advertised launch price is US$ 15 million. Alpha is designed to compete with vehicles like
1983:
1050:, placing a spacecraft for Millenium Space into orbit and demonstrating rapid response launch for the
1891:
1912:"Israel's failed lunar lander will live on in the design of Firefly Aerospace's new Moon spacecraft"
978:
awarded approximately US$ 93.3 million to Firefly Aerospace to develop exploration technologies for
579:
2360:"Former Propulsion Chief Accuses Virgin Galactic of Lying About SpaceShipTwo's Safety, Performance"
2313:
1295:
1046:
On September 14, 2023, Firefly successfully launched the Alpha rocket on its first mission for the
1039:
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907:
717:
536:
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246:
207:
535:
To date, Firefly is the only organization to develop an orbital-class rocket engine utilizing the
956:
805:
728:
Elytra is named after a firefly's wings and was previously known as SUV (Space Utility Vehicle).
674:
489:
356:
308:
105:
2639:"Firefly Aerospace Opens Research and Development Center in Dnipro, Ukraine – Firefly Aerospace"
2442:
1321:
790:. It grew to 43 employees by November 2014, and purchased 215 acres (87 ha) of land for an
2080:"Austin-area aerospace company selected by NASA for Commercial Lunar Payload Services Contract"
1654:
620:
requiring multiple upper stage burns. It uses Firefly's patented "Crossfire" injector design.
779:
218:
2666:"Firefly Aerospace and York Space Systems partner to provide integrated satellite solutions"
1378:"Pegasus XL rocket launches secretive 'space domain awareness' satellite for US Space Force"
1352:"New record! Firefly Aerospace launches Space Force mission 27 hours after receiving order"
896:
2239:
1826:"Firefly Aerospace Awards Contract to SpaceX to Launch Blue Ghost Mission to Moon in 2023"
611:
startup sequence to meet Astra's demands, as part of Firefly's space propulsion program.
8:
802:
775:
214:
176:
164:
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first stage shutdown (eschewing the typical throttle-down performed by many vehicles at
1403:
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457:
no longer fit NASA's requirements and started work on a new lunar lander design called
401:
353:
279:
50:
2417:"Virgin Galactic Sues Firefly, Officers for Alleged Misappropriation of Trade Secrets"
808:
that would be built using an out-of-autoclave process. Prototype tanks were tested at
186:
Firefly Alpha lifting off the pad at Vandenberg Space Force Base on September 2, 2021.
2886:
845:
844:
his misappropriation of Virgin Galactic information". In August 2016, an independent
787:
737:
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234:
156:
87:
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2137:
Resurrected Firefly Aerospace will take over a launch site at busy Florida spaceport
1785:"Firefly partners with Aerojet Rocketdyne, mulls AR1 engine for Beta launch vehicle"
408:
In mid 2024, it was reported that Blue Ghost remains on track for a Q4 2024 launch.
1104:
1020:
1012:
899:
629:
558:
546:
326:
1221:"Firefly Completes Oversubscribed $ 75M Series A and $ 100M Secondary Transaction"
725:
orbit and serve as an orbiter, as well as deploy ESA's Lunar Pathfinder payload.
453:
rocket in late 2022. Due to changing CLPS specifications, Firefly determined that
419:
On June 9, 2019, Firefly Aerospace announced that it had signed an agreement with
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2143:
1942:
1812:
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1326:
979:
861:
820:
771:
2755:"Original Firefly Shareholders Sue Firefly's Markusic, Polyakov Alleging Fraud"
2609:"Max Polyakov's Firefly Aerospace opens R&D center in Dnipro City, Ukraine"
1957:"In parallel with rocket development, Firefly launches lunar lander initiative"
1016:
922:
in Ukraine, intended for industrial manufacturing of high-quality metal parts.
594:
586:
554:
210:
160:
2495:
2187:
2109:"Firefly Re-Emerges With Upgraded Alpha Rocket Design | Aviation Week Network"
1742:
311:
landings, and hope to have the technology refined by flight 6 of the vehicle.
3014:
2882:
2803:
2781:"NASA Selects Firefly Aerospace for Artemis Commercial Moon Delivery in 2023"
2714:
2583:"The Major Airspace News Of 2017, Including Max Polyakov's Firefly Aerospace"
1629:"Firefly Doubles its Footprint and Charts a Course for 'Launch, Land, Orbit'"
1027:
971:
updated Firefly Aerospace was a significant success. The lawsuit is pending.
865:
824:
795:
791:
783:
590:
333:
201:
1170:"Staring at Firefly Aerospace's hot rocket-engine flames in a Texas pasture"
892:
445:(CLPS) to deliver payloads to the surface of the Moon. If selected, Firefly
175:. Firefly's stated purpose is to increase access to space, similar to other
2842:
1852:"'Gets your blood pumping' | A Central Texas company is headed to the moon"
1681:"Firefly is building fast and breaking things on path to a reusable rocket"
1139:"Once Grounded by Bankruptcy, Firefly Aerospace Appears Ready to Re-Launch"
993:
882:
650:
Vira was formerly known as "Miranda Vacuum," "Viranda," and "Lightning 2."
388:
238:
182:
1430:"Firefly's commercial satellite launcher to use Delta 2 pad at Vandenberg"
253:
structure to reduce dry mass, resulting in an improved payload fraction.
2934:"The US military just proved it can get satellites into space super fast"
2729:"Firefly planning a major rocket assembly and launch facility in Florida"
2314:"New Firefly Rocket Engine Passes Big Test, Will Launch Small Satellites"
2185:
1114:
989:
869:
828:
607:
329:
320:
1744:
Firefly Will Replace Russian Engines On Antares Rocket With Beta Booster
1109:
1058:
1057:
In 2024, it was announced that Firefly would compete with the likes of
919:
539:, and the only organization to develop a kerolox tap-off cycle engine.
344:
222:
936:(CLPS), where the company would propose a robotic lunar lander called
399:(CLPS) lunar lander. The lander is named after the blue ghost firefly
2669:
1603:
801:
In 2014, Firefly purchased fiber-winding equipment for manufacturing
602:
425:
2847:"U.S. Seeks to Oust Ukrainian Owner of Texas Rocket Startup Firefly"
2007:"Launch startups Astra and Firefly ink secret rocket engine IP deal"
1805:
932:
selected Firefly Aerospace as one of nine companies able to bid for
663:
474:
282:
to develop a single core rocket potentially powered by Rocketdyne's
171:
were acquired by EOS Launcher in March 2017, which was then renamed
39:
2908:"AE Industrial Partners to acquire stake in Firefly from Noosphere"
2061:
450:
2557:"After a remarkable resurrection, Firefly may reach space in 2019"
2802:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2713:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1484:"Reusability on the horizon for small satellite launch providers"
1259:"Firefly Space Systems charges full-speed toward low Earth orbit"
948:
915:
745:
2390:"Firefly Space Systems furloughs staff after investor backs out"
1572:
1015:
announced that it had contracted Firefly Aerospace to build the
2692:"Firefly Aerospace Concept for Launch Vehicle with Moon Lander"
2302:, press release, September 10, 2015, accessed December 17, 2015
1935:
1062:
911:
850:
391:
designed at Firefly's Cedar Park facility to meet the updated
2959:"Firefly Aerospace Tapped to Compete for US Spy Sat Launches"
2525:
2470:"Celebrate Independence Day by Buying a Rocket Test Facility"
2186:
Spacevidcast (now TMRO – see new channel) (August 24, 2014).
1710:"Northrop Grumman and Firefly to partner on upgraded Antares"
575:
3003:
2293:
First Rocket Engine Test a Success for Firefly Space Systems
1523:
635:
Lightning engines, as well as the combustion tap-off cycle.
141:
2348:
Florida Today, October 15, 2015, accessed December 17, 2015
975:
929:
813:
392:
360:
226:
1457:"Aerojet Rocketdyne, Firefly to collaborate on propulsion"
302:, the rocket is now 4.32 m (14.17 ft) in diameter with 7
283:
778:. In November 2014, Firefly moved its headquarters from
449:
would have been launched on a Firefly Beta rocket, or a
2657:
206:
The Alpha vehicle developed by Firefly Aerospace is an
2241:
Episode 15: DOWNLINK—Firefly Space Systems — Interview
1543:
1541:
963:
and they also have a similar lease arrangement on the
2268:"SpaceX Alum Goes After Falcon 1 Market With Firefly"
1080:
1030:
rocket on its second test flight “To the Black” from
578:
to reduce aerodynamic loads) and is ignited with the
1599:"Firefly signs multi-launch agreement with L3Harris"
853:. Within the same month, Virgin Orbit filed suit in
213:
capable of lifting 1,030 kg (2,270 lb) to
2161:"Next generation of space cowboys get ready to fly"
1703:
1701:
1538:
429:lunar lander design, to build a lunar lander named
423:(IAI), which owns the intellectual property of the
2339:New Alpha rocket will launch test flights from KSC
1905:
1903:
1901:
1815:, Firefly Aerospace, Accessed on November 30, 2019
2214:"Hawthorne-based rocket company to move to Texas"
1421:
3012:
2132:
2130:
1945:Firefly Aerospace Accessed on September 13, 2019
1725:
1698:
736:Firefly headquarters and factory are located in
1931:
1929:
1898:
823:business. Firefly had signed an agreement with
155:is an American private aerospace firm based in
1984:"Firefly wins NASA CLPS lunar lander contract"
1065:for small satellite launch contracts with the
2383:
2381:
2261:
2259:
2154:
2152:
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1884:"Firefly to partner with IAI on lunar lander"
1721:
1719:
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1248:
1246:
2817:"Firefly Alpha explodes during first launch"
2773:
1926:
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906:On May 17, 2018, Firefly Aerospace opened a
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2232:
2179:
2073:
2071:
1975:
1948:
947:. They have leased a private launch pad in
798:, 50 mi (80 km) north of Austin.
503:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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2149:
1716:
1322:"Firefly success with second Alpha flight"
1256:
1243:
716:Firefly is developing Elytra, a lineup of
638:Miranda was formerly known as "Reaver 2."
348:Firefly FRE-R1 engine test, September 2015
38:
2783:(Press release). NASA. February 4, 2021.
2443:"Firefly Space Systems assets to be sold"
1870:
1481:
1026:On October 1, 2022, Firefly launched the
838:
704:Learn how and when to remove this message
523:Learn how and when to remove this message
3041:Technology companies established in 2017
3021:Aerospace companies of the United States
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2004:
928:In November 2018, it was announced that
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2467:
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1567:
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597:). It utilizes a pintle-type injector.
14:
3046:American companies established in 2017
3013:
2931:
2735:from the original on February 22, 2019
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2689:
2563:from the original on February 11, 2019
2554:
2449:from the original on December 16, 2018
2266:Morring, Frank Jr. (August 25, 2014).
2244:. The Orbital Mechanics. June 23, 2015
2167:from the original on November 12, 2020
2115:from the original on December 18, 2019
1740:
1482:Burghardt, Thomas (October 14, 2021).
1436:from the original on November 26, 2021
1319:
684:Please improve this section by adding
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2086:from the original on December 3, 2018
2005:Roulette, Joey (September 21, 2021).
1981:
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1496:from the original on October 14, 2021
1463:from the original on October 29, 2019
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1265:from the original on December 3, 2014
1257:Hutchinson, Lee (November 30, 2014).
959:in the 1950s through 1996 — from the
902:at the opening of a Ukrainian branch.
2853:from the original on January 2, 2022
2396:from the original on August 18, 2017
2320:from the original on January 5, 2016
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2220:from the original on October 3, 2014
2216:. Daily Breeze. September 14, 2014.
2194:from the original on October 9, 2014
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1149:from the original on August 24, 2017
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955:(SLC-20) which had been used by the
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657:
501:adding citations to reliable sources
468:
411:
3036:Commercial launch service providers
2932:Berger, Eric (September 15, 2023).
2585:. Mighty Gadget. November 3, 2017.
2536:from the original on March 11, 2018
2496:"Max Polyakov | Noosphere Ventures"
2077:
1726:Northrop Grumman (August 8, 2022).
1455:Clark, Stephen (October 28, 2019).
1180:from the original on March 17, 2018
1067:United States Department of Defense
1048:United States Department of Defense
794:test and manufacturing facility in
545:This provides a slight increase in
325:Firefly is a subcontractor for the
265:
217:and 630 kg (1,390 lb) to
24:
2865:
2727:Berger, Eric (February 22, 2019).
2690:Daines, Gary (November 29, 2018).
2555:Berger, Eric (February 11, 2019).
2526:"Max Polyakov | maxpolyakov.space"
2506:from the original on July 12, 2020
2415:Messier, Doug (October 25, 2016).
2358:Messier, Doug (January 12, 2016).
2098:
1963:from the original on April 4, 2020
1747:. Rocket News – via Youtube.
1320:Sesnic, Trevor (October 1, 2022).
1137:Wistrom, Brent (August 22, 2017).
982:Commercial Moon Delivery in 2023.
190:
27:American private aerospace company
25:
3067:
3056:Commercial Lunar Payload Services
2995:
2906:Foust, Jeff (February 24, 2022).
2761:from the original on June 7, 2020
2698:from the original on May 18, 2019
2476:from the original on May 12, 2019
2423:from the original on May 13, 2019
2366:from the original on May 11, 2019
2312:Wall, Mike (September 10, 2015).
1832:from the original on May 20, 2021
1783:Henry, Caleb (October 18, 2019).
1741:Manley, Scott (August 11, 2022).
1341:
1231:from the original on May 18, 2021
1168:Matisse, Nathan (April 3, 2018).
1161:
1127:
934:Commercial Lunar Payload Services
855:Los Angeles County Superior Court
770:Firefly Space Systems began as a
742:Vandenberg Space Launch Complex 2
443:Commercial Lunar Payload Services
397:Commercial Lunar Payload Services
289:
159:, that develops small and medium
116:Alpha (small-lift launch vehicle)
2797:
2708:
2664:Foust, Jeff (October 10, 2018).
2619:from the original on May 7, 2021
1982:Foust, Jeff (February 4, 2021).
1955:Clark, Stephen (April 1, 2020).
1090:
910:(R&D) center in the city of
662:
473:
366:
339:
195:
118:MLV (medium-lift launch vehicle)
18:Firefly Rocket Engine Research 1
2965:
2951:
2925:
2899:
2835:
2747:
2720:
2683:
2601:
2575:
2548:
2518:
2488:
2461:
2435:
2408:
2388:Foust, Jeff (October 3, 2016).
2351:
2332:
2286:
2024:
1998:
1844:
1828:(Press release). May 20, 2021.
1818:
1799:
1776:
1751:
1734:
1679:Clark, Stephen (July 2, 2024).
1672:
1647:
1621:
1590:
1508:
1475:
1448:
1396:
765:
2468:Messier, Doug (June 5, 2017).
1708:Foust, Jeff (August 8, 2022).
1597:Foust, Jeff (August 7, 2024).
1428:Clark, Stephen (May 2, 2018).
1370:
1313:
1277:
1213:
1192:
314:
13:
1:
3031:Private spaceflight companies
2972:Foust, Jeff (July 18, 2024).
2879:When the Heavens Went on Sale
2445:. SpaceNews. March 15, 2017.
1910:Grush, Loren (July 9, 2019).
1120:
731:
686:secondary or tertiary sources
371:
270:Firefly previously pursued a
3051:2017 establishments in Texas
2974:"Firefly CEO leaves company"
2159:Aron, Jacob (July 8, 2014).
1882:Foust, Jeff (July 9, 2019).
1294:. April 2022. Archived from
1285:"Alpha Payload User's Guide"
810:Marshall Space Flight Center
614:
380:Firefly Aerospace Blue Ghost
303:
7:
1076:
1036:Vandenberg Space Force Base
1002:Russian invasion of Ukraine
985:Firefly launched its first
421:Israel Aerospace Industries
10:
3072:
2142:November 26, 2021, at the
1811:November 26, 2021, at the
1052:United States Armed Forces
755:
627:
623:
464:
377:
318:
272:medium-lift launch vehicle
199:
62:; 7 years ago
2298:October 26, 2016, at the
1941:January 27, 2021, at the
994:Flight Termination System
829:the Florida "Space Coast"
718:orbital transfer vehicles
653:
568:
357:partially reusable rocket
136:
126:
120:Blue Ghost (lunar lander)
112:
98:
82:
74:
56:
46:
37:
3026:Companies based in Texas
908:Research and development
537:combustion tap-off cycle
441:was proposed for NASA's
1573:"Medium Launch Vehicle"
953:Space Launch Complex 20
641:
359:, with its first stage
2877:Vance, Ashlee (2023).
2188:"Firefly Space – 7.26"
1032:Space Launch Complex 2
903:
839:Litigation and closure
673:relies excessively on
580:pyrophoric combination
349:
260:
187:
2845:(December 29, 2021).
2757:. December 18, 2019.
2500:noosphereventures.com
2078:FOX (December 2018).
1922:on November 26, 2021.
895:
864:issued by Firefly to
780:Hawthorne, California
761:Firefly Space Systems
347:
309:return to launch site
296:Medium Launch Vehicle
219:Sun-synchronous orbit
185:
169:Firefly Space Systems
2885:. pp. 485–486.
2344:May 9, 2022, at the
2202:– via YouTube.
2111:. aviationweek.com.
1795:on October 22, 2019.
1358:. September 15, 2023
897:President of Ukraine
497:improve this section
361:landing horizontally
2961:. January 26, 2024.
2613:SpaceFlight Insider
1959:. Spaceflight Now.
1635:. February 29, 2024
1459:. Spaceflight Now.
1432:. Spaceflight Now.
1404:"Fly the Lightning"
395:requirements for a
177:private spaceflight
128:Number of employees
34:
2645:on August 18, 2019
2042:on August 12, 2021
1526:on August 12, 2022
974:In February 2021,
904:
589:(also used on the
402:Phausis reticulata
354:two-stage-to-orbit
350:
330:Antares series 300
280:Aerojet Rocketdyne
188:
122:Elytra (space tug)
32:
2892:978-0-06-299887-3
2530:maxpolyakov.space
2502:. June 30, 2020.
2472:. Parabolic Arc.
2419:. Parabolic Arc.
2362:. Parabolic Arc.
2270:. Aviation Week.
2163:. New Scientist.
2146:February 22, 2019
1659:www.instagram.com
1577:Firefly Aerospace
1520:Firefly Aerospace
1408:Firefly Aerospace
1225:Firefly Aerospace
876:Firefly Aerospace
788:Cedar Park, Texas
738:Cedar Park, Texas
714:
713:
706:
533:
532:
525:
173:Firefly Aerospace
165:launches to orbit
157:Cedar Park, Texas
153:Firefly Aerospace
150:
149:
88:Cedar Park, Texas
33:Firefly Aerospace
16:(Redirected from
3063:
3007:
3006:
3004:Official website
2989:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2874:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2813:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2731:. Ars Technica.
2724:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2641:. Archived from
2635:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2615:. May 29, 2018.
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2559:. Ars Technica.
2552:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2492:
2486:
2485:
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2456:
2454:
2439:
2433:
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2430:
2428:
2412:
2406:
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2403:
2401:
2385:
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2329:
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2227:
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2210:
2204:
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2201:
2199:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2156:
2147:
2134:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2105:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2075:
2066:
2065:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2038:. Archived from
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1952:
1946:
1933:
1924:
1923:
1918:. Archived from
1907:
1896:
1895:
1894:on July 9, 2019.
1890:. Archived from
1879:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1858:. April 19, 2024
1848:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1822:
1816:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1791:. Archived from
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1763:www.linkedin.com
1755:
1749:
1748:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1730:(Press release).
1723:
1714:
1713:
1712:. SpaceNews.com.
1705:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1642:
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1625:
1619:
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1613:
1611:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1569:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1545:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1522:. Archived from
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1425:
1419:
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1400:
1394:
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1389:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1348:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1301:on April 7, 2023
1300:
1292:fireflyspace.com
1289:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1261:. Ars Technica.
1254:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1143:americaninno.com
1134:
1105:Relativity Space
1095:
1094:
1093:
1086:
1013:Northrop Grumman
1011:In August 2022,
900:Petro Poroshenko
709:
702:
698:
695:
689:
666:
658:
630:Miranda (engine)
559:Blue Origin BE-3
547:specific impulse
528:
521:
517:
514:
508:
477:
469:
327:Northrop Grumman
274:design known as
266:Previous designs
251:carbon composite
243:Northrop Grumman
146:
143:
70:
68:
63:
42:
35:
31:
21:
3071:
3070:
3066:
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3011:
3010:
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2998:
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2982:
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2893:
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2607:
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2602:
2592:
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2576:
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2524:
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2519:
2509:
2507:
2494:
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2489:
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2466:
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2450:
2441:
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2436:
2426:
2424:
2413:
2409:
2399:
2397:
2386:
2379:
2369:
2367:
2356:
2352:
2346:Wayback Machine
2337:
2333:
2323:
2321:
2310:
2306:
2300:Wayback Machine
2291:
2287:
2277:
2275:
2264:
2257:
2247:
2245:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2223:
2221:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2197:
2195:
2184:
2180:
2170:
2168:
2157:
2150:
2144:Wayback Machine
2135:
2128:
2118:
2116:
2107:
2106:
2099:
2089:
2087:
2076:
2069:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2045:
2043:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2015:
2013:
2003:
1999:
1989:
1987:
1980:
1976:
1966:
1964:
1953:
1949:
1943:Wayback Machine
1936:Firefly Genesis
1934:
1927:
1908:
1899:
1880:
1871:
1861:
1859:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1835:
1833:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1813:Wayback Machine
1804:
1800:
1781:
1777:
1767:
1765:
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1739:
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1553:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1539:
1529:
1527:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1499:
1497:
1489:NASASpaceFlight
1480:
1476:
1466:
1464:
1453:
1449:
1439:
1437:
1426:
1422:
1412:
1410:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1387:
1385:
1384:. June 13, 2021
1376:
1375:
1371:
1361:
1359:
1350:
1349:
1342:
1332:
1330:
1327:NASASpaceFlight
1318:
1314:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1268:
1266:
1255:
1244:
1234:
1232:
1227:. May 5, 2021.
1219:
1218:
1214:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1183:
1181:
1166:
1162:
1152:
1150:
1135:
1128:
1123:
1101:
1091:
1089:
1081:
1079:
965:U.S. West Coast
961:U.S. government
938:Firefly Genesis
878:
862:promissory note
841:
827:to launch from
821:small-satellite
768:
763:
758:
734:
710:
699:
693:
690:
683:
679:primary sources
667:
656:
644:
632:
626:
617:
571:
555:Rocketdyne J-2S
529:
518:
512:
509:
494:
478:
467:
417:
382:
376:
369:
342:
323:
317:
304:Miranda engines
292:
268:
263:
215:low Earth orbit
204:
198:
193:
191:Launch vehicles
163:for commercial
161:launch vehicles
140:
129:
121:
119:
117:
101:
94:
90:
66:
64:
61:
60:March 2017
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3069:
3059:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3009:
3008:
2997:
2996:External links
2994:
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1100:
1099:
1078:
1075:
1017:Antares rocket
957:U.S. Air Force
945:Cape Canaveral
877:
874:
868:and induced a
840:
837:
767:
764:
762:
759:
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754:
733:
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670:
668:
661:
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628:Main article:
625:
622:
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606:reported that
595:Rocketdyne F-1
570:
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531:
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481:
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472:
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416:
410:
387:is a class of
378:Main article:
375:
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341:
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319:Main article:
316:
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291:
290:Current design
288:
267:
264:
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211:launch vehicle
200:Main article:
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2943:September 15,
2939:
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2902:
2894:
2888:
2884:
2883:HarperCollins
2880:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2852:
2849:. Bloomberg.
2848:
2844:
2843:Vance, Ashlee
2838:
2822:
2818:
2812:
2805:
2804:public domain
2786:
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2715:public domain
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2395:
2392:. SpaceNews.
2391:
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2319:
2316:. SPACE.com.
2315:
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1806:Firefly Gamma
1802:
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1630:
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1600:
1593:
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1516:"Launch-beta"
1511:
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1205:September 18,
1201:
1195:
1179:
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1467:October 28,
1388:December 6,
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1235:October 15,
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1097:Spaceflight
870:foreclosure
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321:Antares 300
315:Antares 300
179:companies.
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2857:January 1,
2765:January 1,
2649:August 18,
2400:October 3,
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2171:October 5,
1413:January 8,
1333:October 1,
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1059:Rocket Lab
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