1408:
124:
138:
1382:
8456:
1354:
inhabitants per square mile (400 inhabitants/ha) and peak levels as high as 135,000 inhabitants per square mile (520 inhabitants/ha), the highest density of any industrial city in the world, and with firefighting measures ludicrously inadequate to the task, 15.8 square miles (41 km) of Tokyo were destroyed on a night when fierce winds whipped the flames and walls of fire blocked tens of thousands fleeing for their lives. An estimated 1.5 million people lived in the burned out areas.
1122:
1114:
71:
1345:
1311:
1283:
1210:
1136:, which had an operational range of 3,250 nautical miles (3,740 mi; 6,020 km) and was capable of attacking at high altitude above 30,000 feet (9,100 m), where enemy defenses were very weak. Almost 90% of the bombs dropped on the home islands of Japan were delivered by the B-29. Once Allied ground forces had captured islands sufficiently close to Japan, airfields were built on those islands (particularly
1195:
raid, LeMay ordered the B-29 bombers to attack again but at a relatively low altitude of 5,000 to 9,000 ft (1,500 to 2,700 m) and at night, because Japan's anti-aircraft artillery defenses were weakest in this altitude range, and the fighter defenses were ineffective at night. LeMay ordered all defensive guns but the tail gun removed from the B-29s so that the aircraft would be lighter and use less fuel.
1641:, lost an engine, had the upper turret knocked out of action, and partially lost rudder control. Both bombers landed at Yontan Airfield just past ~1800 hrs. having survived the last air combat of the Pacific war. The following day, propellers were removed from Japanese aircraft as part of the surrender agreement. Marchione was buried on Okinawa on 19 August, his body being returned to his
1291:
among residential and commercial neighborhoods; firebombing cut the whole city's output in half. The destruction and damage were especially severe in the eastern areas of the city. The districts bombed were home to 1.2 million people. Tokyo police recorded 267,171 buildings destroyed, which left more than one million people homeless.
1462:
end the war earlier, and then failed to help the civilian victims of the raids while providing considerable support to former military personnel and their families. The plaintiffs' case was dismissed at the first judgement in
December 2009, and their appeal was rejected. The plaintiffs then appealed to the
1570:
fighters attacked Tokyo. Over two days, over 1,500 American planes and hundreds of
Japanese planes were in the air. "By the end of 17 February, more than five hundred Japanese planes, both on the ground and in the air, had been lost, and Japan's aircraft works had been badly hit. The Americans lost
1194:
on 4 February 1945. Tokyo was hit by incendiaries on 25 February 1945 when 174 B-29s flew a high altitude raid during daylight hours and destroyed around 643 acres (260 ha) (2.6 km) of the snow-covered city, using 453.7 tons of mostly incendiaries with some fragmentation bombs. After this
1461:
In 2007, 112 members of the
Association for the Bereaved Families of the Victims of the Tokyo Air Raids brought a class action against the Japanese government, demanding an apology and 1.232 billion yen in compensation. Their suit charged that the Japanese government invited the raid by failing to
1389:
After the war, Tokyo struggled to rebuild. In 1945 and 1946, the city received a share of the national reconstruction budget roughly proportional to its amount of bombing damage (26.6%), but in successive years Tokyo saw its share dwindle. By 1949, Tokyo was given only 10.9% of the budget; at the
1290:
Damage to Tokyo's heavy industry was slight until firebombing destroyed much of the light industry that was used as an integral source for small machine parts. Firebombing also killed or made homeless many workers. According to the victorious US report, over 50% of Tokyo's industry was spread out
1258:
but for prevailing winds gusting at 17 to 28 mph (27 to 45 km/h). Approximately 15.8 square miles (4,090 ha) of the city were destroyed and some 100,000 people are estimated to have died. A grand total of 282 of the 339 B-29s launched for "Meetinghouse" made it to the target, 27 of
1238:
were also dropped: the M-47 was a 100-pound (45 kg) jelled-gasoline and white phosphorus bomb which ignited upon impact. In the first two hours of the raid, 226 of the attacking aircraft unloaded their bombs to overwhelm the city's fire defenses. The first B-29s to arrive dropped bombs in a
1353:
The figure of roughly 100,000 deaths, provided by
Japanese and American authorities, both of whom may have had reasons of their own for minimizing the death toll, seems to be arguably low in light of population density, wind conditions, and survivors' accounts. With an average of 103,000
1438:. A memorial to the raids was opened in the park in March 2001. The park has a list of names of people who died due to the bombings is made based on applications from bereaved families; it had 81,273 names as of March 2020. Bereaved families can submit applications to the government of
1233:
at an altitude of 2,000–2,500 ft (610–760 m). The M-69s punched through thin roofing material or landed on the ground; in either case they ignited 3–5 seconds later, throwing out a jet of flaming napalm globs. A lesser number of
1697:
1945: In the single deadliest air raid of World War II, 330 American B-29s rain incendiary bombs on Tokyo, touching off a firestorm that kills upwards of 100,000 people, burns a quarter of the city to the ground, and leaves a million
1620:
were part of this attack. The B-32 piloted by 1st Lt. John R. Anderson, was hit at 20,000 feet; cannon fire knocked out the number two (port inner) engine, and three crew were injured, including Sgt. Anthony J. Marchione, 19, of the
1002:
was destroyed, leaving an estimated 100,000 civilians dead and over one million homeless. The atomic bombing of
Hiroshima in August 1945, by comparison, resulted in the immediate death of an estimated 70,000 to 150,000 people.
1322:
later estimated that nearly 88,000 people died in this one raid, 41,000 were injured, and over a million residents lost their homes. The Tokyo Fire
Department estimated a higher toll: 97,000 killed and 125,000 wounded. The
1645:
home on 18 March 1949. He was interred in St. Aloysius Old
Cemetery with full military honors. "Hobo Queen II" was dismantled at Yonton Airfield following a 9 September nosegear collapse and damage during lifting. B-32,
1398:
stepped in and drastically cut back on
Japanese government rebuilding programs, focusing instead on simply improving roads and transportation. Tokyo did not experience fast economic growth until the 1950s.
1105:
where the crew was interned, but then smuggled over the border into Iran on 11 May 1943. Two crews were captured by the
Japanese in occupied China. Three crewmen from these groups were later executed.
8529:
2563:
1093:. The raid did little damage to Japan's war capability but was a significant propaganda victory for the United States. Launched at longer range than planned when the task force encountered
5147:
3629:
1167:
was activated there. The high-altitude bombing attacks using general-purpose bombs were observed to be ineffective by USAAF leaders due to high winds—later discovered to be the
1477:, which is one of the foundations of international law", but also noted that it is difficult to argue whether the raids were illegal under the international laws of the time.
1221:
On the night of 9–10 March 1945, 334 B-29s took off to raid with 279 of them dropping 1,665 tons of bombs on Tokyo. The bombs were mostly the 500-pound (230 kg) E-46
7027:
6772:
8534:
6380:
8378:
6396:
1995:
6716:
6319:
6291:
5435:
1595:
8357:
7036:
6723:
5857:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
856:
381:
7339:
6702:
6011:
5636:
5089:
1663:
1453:. The library contains documents and literature about the raid plus survivor accounts collected by Saotome and the Association to Record the Tokyo Air Raid.
6352:
6298:
5484:
6809:
6305:
5921:
3622:
771:
5331:
2571:
6695:
6142:
6018:
4024:
2745:
443:
5995:
5375:
6432:
5744:
6251:
5553:
3615:
827:
347:
8250:
4691:
616:
7043:
7006:
6983:
6504:
5426:
5396:
1337:
1262:
The
Operation Meetinghouse firebombing of Tokyo on the night of 9 March 1945 was the single deadliest air raid of World War II, greater than
6758:
7136:
6992:
6976:
6948:
6196:
5403:
3919:
1625:, who took a 20 mm hit to the chest and died 30 minutes later. Tail gunner Sgt. John Houston destroyed one attacker. The lead bomber,
7893:
6960:
6872:
6816:
6779:
6061:
5142:
4375:
839:
364:
173:
2234:"A Forgotten Holocaust: US Bombing Strategy, the Destruction of Japanese Cities & the American Way of War from World War II to Iraq"
8490:
6865:
5597:
4274:
4129:
3934:
1331:
put deaths at over 100,000, injuries at a million and homeless residents at a million. These casualty and damage figures could be low;
688:
538:
3654:
1259:
which were lost due to being shot down by Japanese air defenses, mechanical failure, or being caught in updrafts caused by the fires.
8371:
6999:
5389:
5347:
4939:
4854:
3524:
2116:
1362:
cited a figure of 125,000 deaths. Elise K. Tipton, professor of Japan studies, arrived at a rough range of 75,000 to 200,000 deaths.
1271:
988:
832:
352:
307:
39:
3559:
Transcript of a radio documentary/commentary on the Tokyo firebombing with excerpts from interviews with participants and witnesses.
2593:
2529:
2495:
2461:
8220:
6039:
5813:
5576:
5442:
5253:
4134:
2597:
2533:
2499:
2465:
2021:
1450:
1250:
on the water; later aircraft simply aimed near this flaming X. The individual fires caused by the bombs joined to create a general
1172:
727:
652:
579:
35:
4079:
4009:
3803:
7115:
6912:
5949:
5449:
5361:
5297:
3530:
2442:
2179:
1298:'s tour of the destroyed areas of Tokyo in March 1945 was the beginning of his involvement in the peace process, culminating in
7318:
6830:
5680:
5218:
3904:
3869:
3854:
1768:
1373:
The entire bombing campaign against Japan killed more than 300,000 people and injured an additional 400,000, mostly civilians.
1319:
4144:
1743:"Firebombs Over Tokyo: America's 1945 attack on Japan's capital remains undeservedly obscure alongside Hiroshima and Nagasaki"
7914:
7819:
7346:
7092:
6967:
6053:
6027:
5884:
5590:
5507:
4909:
4059:
3974:
3969:
3638:
3483:
3303:
3157:
3117:
2937:
2916:
2893:
2823:
2029:
586:
499:
465:
436:
261:
17:
8147:
7554:
7440:
6605:
6072:
6068:
6046:
5650:
4998:
4956:
4849:
4844:
4829:
4634:
4422:
4114:
4084:
4064:
3979:
3894:
3823:
1324:
742:
700:
533:
410:
322:
301:
296:
266:
4019:
8062:
7526:
6858:
6844:
6057:
4934:
4914:
4673:
4639:
4229:
4189:
4039:
3844:
3798:
2662:
2055:
2006:
844:
509:
369:
337:
332:
317:
3538:
8271:
8140:
8018:
7596:
7311:
7262:
7020:
6575:
5827:
5666:
5514:
5368:
5137:
5056:
4894:
4749:
4340:
4314:
4294:
4264:
4259:
4234:
4204:
4184:
4014:
3964:
3954:
3924:
3909:
3788:
3725:
1952:
1607:
1407:
1267:
1263:
998:, are the single most destructive bombing raid in human history. 16 square miles (41 km; 10,000 acres) of central
504:
327:
4864:
2089:
276:
8387:
7269:
7241:
7058:
6640:
6359:
6326:
4889:
4824:
4709:
4703:
4661:
4401:
4249:
4169:
4054:
3999:
3874:
3859:
3502:
3459:
3421:
3398:
3362:
3341:
3322:
3281:
3242:
3221:
3195:
3176:
3136:
3096:
3068:
3049:
3028:
3001:
2863:
2844:
2687:
1634:
1626:
1030:
391:
286:
221:
5542:
1742:
8424:
7582:
7519:
6654:
6490:
5613:
4923:
4819:
4697:
4453:
4443:
4324:
4304:
4254:
4244:
4219:
4124:
4029:
3959:
3808:
3720:
3684:
2786:
2341:
1204:
995:
429:
281:
232:
6167:
7948:
7789:
7778:
7614:
7373:
7332:
7225:
7163:
6550:
5820:
5689:
5657:
4859:
4839:
4667:
4284:
4269:
2416:
754:
291:
251:
166:
6337:
5905:
8549:
8539:
8334:
8306:
8184:
7977:
7214:
6665:
6591:
6387:
5758:
5477:
5382:
5267:
5068:
4119:
1574:
18 August 1945: The last U.S. air combat casualty of the Pacific War occurred during mission 230 A-8, when two
681:
671:
1711:
The Army Air Forces in World War II, Volume Five, the Pacific: Matterhorn to Nagasaki June 1944 to August 1945
8394:
8327:
8278:
8209:
8034:
7540:
7491:
7255:
7248:
6851:
6612:
6403:
5456:
5152:
4949:
3741:
1449:, a survivor of the 10 March 1945 firebombing, helped start a library about the raid in Koto Ward called the
972:
871:
596:
396:
211:
2153:
1327:
established a figure of 83,793 dead and 40,918 wounded and 286,358 buildings and homes destroyed. Historian
8468:
8364:
7739:
7700:
6619:
6454:
6439:
6366:
6345:
6163:
5841:
5627:
5620:
5604:
5315:
5274:
5246:
4622:
4360:
2005:(May 1965). Office of Civil Defense, Department of the Army, Washington D.C.: 39, 40, 53–54. Archived from
911:
621:
526:
477:
2753:
2348: (archived 2020-10-27) Approx. 80,000 deaths in down town Tokyo in one night on 10, March 1945. Book:
1171:—which carried the bombs off target. Between May and September 1943, bombing trials were conducted on the
8431:
7755:
7707:
7325:
7297:
7150:
6765:
6744:
6265:
5928:
5834:
5324:
4993:
4380:
4370:
3746:
3296:
Among the Dead Cities: The History and Moral Legacy of the WWII Bombing of Civilians in Germany and Japan
1814:
1575:
776:
256:
1686:
8229:
7725:
7644:
7589:
7477:
7433:
7083:
6709:
6633:
6535:
6412:
6284:
6277:
6237:
6210:
5942:
5875:
5470:
5281:
5211:
4744:
4627:
1622:
1579:
1037:. B-29 raids from those islands began on 17 November 1944, and lasted until 15 August 1945, the day of
1007:
866:
695:
666:
550:
159:
3949:
8131:
8048:
7833:
7693:
7665:
7498:
7403:
7193:
6626:
5700:
5354:
3864:
766:
5898:
1239:
large X pattern centered in Tokyo's densely populated working class district near the docks in both
8544:
7870:
7847:
7099:
6900:
6893:
6557:
6217:
6189:
6182:
5569:
4448:
2121:
1160:
931:
712:
572:
5914:
5891:
4309:
4139:
2993:
1894:"The Japanese Village at Dugway Proving Ground: An Unexamined Context to the Firebombing of Japan"
1430:
Between 1948 and 1951 the ashes of 105,400 people killed in the attacks on Tokyo were interred in
8292:
8236:
8106:
7966:
7651:
7304:
7200:
7106:
6674:
6542:
6512:
6476:
6461:
6333:
6225:
6203:
6149:
6135:
6117:
5781:
5562:
5290:
5239:
5074:
4279:
4194:
3756:
2365:
2126:
1642:
1583:
897:
717:
3374:
Airwar Outraged Skies/Wings of Fire. An Illustrated history of Air power in the Second World War
1769:"Tokyo WWII firebombing, the single most deadly bombing raid in history, remembered 70 years on"
7984:
7877:
7679:
7630:
7533:
7426:
7396:
7179:
7067:
6793:
6584:
6175:
6156:
6126:
5673:
5643:
5166:
5040:
5035:
4772:
3659:
1559:
1463:
1247:
1176:
1090:
984:
761:
472:
3849:
3147:
3107:
3020:
2927:
2883:
1852:
994:
The raids that were conducted by the U.S. military on the night of 9–10 March 1945, codenamed
8475:
8198:
8041:
7937:
7907:
7863:
7603:
7568:
7561:
7484:
7382:
6823:
6800:
6647:
6258:
5795:
5535:
5521:
5204:
5181:
4679:
4458:
4069:
2834:
1495:
1370:, stated that there were "at least 100,000" Japanese deaths and "about one million" injured.
1044:
Over half of Tokyo's industry was spread out among residential and commercial neighborhoods;
916:
676:
519:
6093:
4164:
3989:
3944:
1633:, "Hobo Queen II", piloted by 1st Lt. James Klein, was not seriously damaged but the second
1052:
due to the targeting of civilian infrastructure and the ensuing mass loss of civilian life.
8299:
8154:
7805:
7762:
7732:
7658:
7468:
7447:
6373:
5850:
5528:
4767:
4427:
4355:
4214:
4099:
2956:
2233:
1152:
861:
849:
737:
543:
386:
374:
4406:
3889:
3813:
2130:
1381:
8:
8417:
8191:
8069:
8025:
7547:
6681:
6447:
5974:
5804:
5788:
5737:
4904:
4798:
4365:
4049:
3929:
3588:
2986:
2601:
2541:
2507:
2473:
1567:
1391:
1148:
732:
606:
4179:
4074:
4034:
3994:
3607:
2960:
2033:
1501:
29–30 November 1944: two incendiary raids on industrial areas, burning 2,773 structures.
8410:
8243:
8168:
8122:
8092:
8000:
7840:
7505:
7389:
7283:
7234:
7172:
6928:
6879:
6688:
6312:
5967:
5765:
5062:
4929:
4874:
4834:
4782:
4396:
3773:
3584:
3410:
2972:
1858:
1299:
1164:
1130:
1038:
1023:
968:
890:
883:
822:
812:
786:
638:
560:
402:
342:
312:
271:
216:
199:
58:
4655:
4104:
3793:
2183:
8401:
8285:
8175:
8115:
8076:
8009:
7991:
7957:
7900:
7854:
7798:
7623:
7361:
7353:
7290:
7143:
6737:
6269:
5730:
5709:
5419:
5019:
4944:
4884:
4879:
4803:
4777:
4685:
4596:
4511:
4476:
4209:
3704:
3669:
3498:
3479:
3473:
3455:
3438:
3435:
United States air strategy and doctrine as employed in the strategic bombing of Japan
3417:
3394:
3377:
3358:
3352:
3337:
3318:
3299:
3277:
3257:
3254:
The cigar that brought the fire wind: Curtis LeMay and the strategic bombing of Japan
3238:
3232:
3217:
3191:
3172:
3153:
3132:
3113:
3092:
3064:
3045:
3039:
3024:
3013:
2997:
2976:
2968:
2933:
2912:
2905:
2889:
2859:
2856:
Collateral Damage: Atrocities, Noncombatant Immunity, and Atrocity after World War II
2840:
2819:
2798:
2353:
1516:
9 March 1945: 334 B-29s dropping incendiaries destroy 267,000 buildings; 25% of city
1446:
1180:
1156:
1094:
1075:
1015:
923:
876:
781:
626:
611:
555:
241:
4319:
4299:
4239:
4199:
4089:
3818:
1187:'s ordering the bombers to change tactics to utilize these munitions against Japan.
1048:
cut the city's output in half. Some modern post-war analysts have called the raid a
151:
8320:
8313:
8257:
7921:
7686:
7672:
7575:
7512:
7463:
7276:
7129:
7076:
6886:
6837:
6751:
5981:
5958:
5491:
5014:
4899:
4581:
4571:
4506:
4345:
4224:
4174:
4094:
3939:
3879:
3699:
3649:
3564:
3269:
3169:
The Making of Urban Japan: Cities and Planning from Edo to the Twenty First Century
2964:
2567:
2564:"Japanese government says 1945 Tokyo bombing was 'against humanitarian principles'"
1691:
1651:
1363:
1244:
1222:
1133:
645:
631:
601:
514:
494:
246:
5500:
4109:
3899:
3783:
2419:[Bureau of Citizens and Cultural Affairs, Tokyo Metropolitan Government].
2390:
1526:
3 April 1945: 68 B-29s bomb the Koizumi aircraft factory and urban areas in Tokyo.
1101:
short of the airfields designated for landing. One aircraft landed in the neutral
8343:
8055:
7970:
7928:
7826:
7769:
7637:
7419:
7410:
6939:
6521:
6497:
5751:
4869:
4591:
4561:
4531:
3469:
2691:
2345:
1587:
1543:
nuclear bomb) through overcast. It was aimed at, but missed, the Imperial Palace.
1474:
1431:
1230:
1191:
1034:
747:
722:
591:
143:
8455:
4350:
4289:
4004:
3914:
3884:
1617:
1423:
8350:
7886:
7812:
5864:
5723:
4972:
4739:
4586:
4546:
4536:
4516:
4481:
4044:
3291:
1613:
1328:
1067:
1061:
1011:
805:
659:
567:
489:
206:
183:
3984:
2063:
8523:
8505:
8492:
8161:
6086:
5935:
5774:
4601:
4576:
4526:
4521:
4501:
3546:
1960:
1435:
1359:
1251:
1071:
129:
3839:
1473:'s second term, Abe's cabinet stated that the raids were "incompatible with
1470:
1121:
8460:
8264:
6564:
6469:
6100:
5463:
5227:
4541:
4491:
3334:
I Saw Tokyo Burning: An Eyewitness Narrative from Pearl Harbor to Hiroshima
1591:
1536:
1510:
25 February 1945: 174 B-29s dropping incendiaries destroy 28,000 buildings.
1491:
24 November 1944: 111 B-29s hit an aircraft factory on the rim of the city.
1419:
1395:
1184:
1102:
1019:
980:
796:
791:
705:
3518:
2988:
The Politics of War: The World and United States Foreign Policy, 1943–1945
2680:
8099:
8085:
7747:
6423:
6244:
6229:
5583:
4724:
4556:
3751:
2447:
1563:
1367:
1332:
1240:
1045:
976:
482:
453:
187:
79:
62:
31:
2875:
Bombs, Cities, and Civilians: American Airpower Strategy in World War II
7454:
7207:
7186:
6079:
5412:
5340:
4551:
4496:
3565:"Vol. V: The Pacific: Matterhorn to Nagasaki, June 1944 to August 1945"
3442:
3381:
3261:
2537:
2503:
2469:
2357:
1893:
1610:
1214:
1168:
1113:
70:
2947:
Karacas, Cary (2010). "Place, Public Memory and the Tokyo Air Raids".
1594:. Both bombers were attacked by several Japanese fighters of both the
7717:
7122:
6919:
6730:
6528:
6483:
4566:
4486:
3674:
3664:
2929:
The Pacific War: The Strategy, Politics, and Players That Won the War
1344:
1310:
1282:
1255:
1049:
905:
6004:
1209:
5988:
5716:
3452:
The Last Mission: The Secret History of World War II's Final Battle
2393:[Receptionist for registering Tokyo Air Raid Victim List].
1726:
1603:
1411:
1295:
1235:
1098:
1082:
1818:
1314:
Charred remains of Japanese civilians after Operation Meetinghouse
8530:
World War II aerial operations and battles of the Pacific theatre
3061:
The Enola Gay: The B-29 That Dropped the Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima
3041:
The Man Who Flew The Memphis Belle: Memoir of a WWII Bomber Pilot
1932:
1540:
2114:
1529:
7 April 1945: 101 B-29s bomb the Nakajima aircraft factory again
1507:
24 February 1945: 229 B-29s plus over 1600 carrier-based planes.
1348:
The charred body of a woman who was carrying a child on her back
6598:
5196:
1599:
1226:
1141:
1137:
1125:
Leaflet dropped over Tokyo, warning civilians to leave the city
1026:
3149:
A Century of Air Power: The Changing Face of Warfare 1912–2012
2787:
The Last to Die | Military Aviation | Air & Space Magazine
2768:
2616:
1546:
8 August 1945: 60 B-29s bomb the aircraft factory and arsenal.
1494:
27 November 1944: 81 B-29s hit the dock and urban area and 13
421:
6786:
3354:
Inferno: The Fire Bombing of Japan, March 9 – August 15, 1945
2633:
2631:
2287:
1439:
1415:
1385:
1947 U.S. military survey showing bomb-damaged areas of Tokyo
1086:
999:
948:
103:
2694:
Air Force Historical Studies Office. Retrieved 3 March 2009.
2443:
Author sees parallels between prewar, nuclear indoctrination
1721:
1719:
3589:"The Strategic Air War Against Germany and Japan: A Memoir"
3531:
The Center of the Tokyo Raid and War Damages / Introduction
3391:
Superfortress: The Story of the B-29 and American Air Power
2349:
2070:
1873:
1680:
1678:
1523:
2 April 1945: 100 B-29s bomb the Nakajima aircraft factory.
1390:
same time there was runaway inflation devaluing the money.
1014:, a seaborne, small-scale air raid on Tokyo in April 1942.
76:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2643:
2628:
3637:
3131:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. pp. 276–77.
3129:
The Rise of American Airpower: The Creation of Armageddon
2681:
U.S. Army Air Forces in World War II: Combat Chronology.
2198:
1956:
1716:
1286:
A bird's-eye view of Tokyo before and after the air raids
2311:
2263:
1975:
1675:
3416:. Brookfield, Connecticut: Twenty-First Century Books.
2697:
1713:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1953, page 558.
1159:, but these could not reach Tokyo. Operations from the
5858:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
3449:
3234:
Iron Eagle: The Turbulent Life of General Curtis LeMay
1908:
27:
Air raids by the US Army Air Forces in the Pacific War
3545:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from
2275:
2251:
2210:
2115:
Technical Sergeant Steven Wilson (25 February 2010).
1994:
Rodden, Robert M.; John, Floyd I.; Laurino, Richard.
1920:
1783:
1664:
Evacuations of civilians in Japan during World War II
1129:
The key development for the bombing of Japan was the
181:
2726:
2323:
2299:
2182:. CommonDreams.org. Associated Press. Archived from
2180:"1945 Tokyo Firebombing Left Legacy of Terror, Pain"
1833:
1504:
19 February 1945: 119 B-29s hit port and urban area.
1144:) and B-29s could reach Japan for bombing missions.
3372:Jablonski, Edward (1971). "Air War Against Japan".
2117:"This month in history: The firebombing of Dresden"
1687:"March 9, 1945: Burning the Heart Out of the Enemy"
3409:
3012:
3011:Miller, Donald L.; Commager, Henry Steele (2001).
2985:
2904:
2676:
2674:
2090:"9 March 1945: Burning the Heart Out of the Enemy"
1549:10 August 1945: 70 B-29s bomb the arsenal complex.
1418:citizen. Bombing of Tokyo during the Pacific War,
1183:against wood-and-paper buildings, and resulted in
1097:, all of the attacking aircraft either crashed or
8535:World War II strategic bombing by populated place
3274:Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire
2799:1942 USAAF Serial Numbers (42-91974 to 42-110188)
1795:
1179:. These trials demonstrated the effectiveness of
8521:
3562:
2714:
1606:Air Group that made 10 gunnery passes. Japanese
1213:A birds-eye view over the Ningyōchō district of
1089:. The raid was retaliation against the Japanese
3475:Whirlwind: The Air War Against Japan, 1942–1945
3388:
3109:Edokko: Growing Up a Foreigner in Wartime Japan
2746:"American missions against Tokyo and Tokyo Bay"
2671:
2556:
1709:Craven, Wesley Frank, and James Lea Cate, eds.
1590:, Okinawa, for a photo reconnaissance run over
1532:13 April 1945: 327 B-29s bomb the arsenal area.
1358:In his 1968 book, reprinted in 1990, historian
960:
3010:
2789:. Airspacemag.com. Retrieved on 5 August 2010.
2586:
2293:
1938:
954:
5212:
3623:
3519:67 Japanese cities firebombed in World War II
3256:. JGSDF-U.S. Army Military History Exchange.
2801:. Joebaugher.com. Retrieved on 5 August 2010.
1993:
1854:Video: B-29s Rule Jap Skies,1944/12/18 (1944)
437:
167:
3583:
3317:. Jacksonville, Arkansas: Greer Publishing.
3214:A Torch to the Enemy: The Fire Raid on Tokyo
3188:Modern Japan: A Social and Political History
3037:
2154:"Bombings Worse than Nagasaki and Hiroshima"
2076:
1953:"The War: Firebombing (Germany & Japan)"
1879:
1734:
1456:
1442:to have names of victims added to the list.
3298:. New York: Walker Publishing Company Inc.
2902:
2853:
2774:
2649:
2637:
2622:
2317:
1815:"Official Website of The Doolittle Raiders"
1480:
5219:
5205:
3630:
3616:
2877:. Lawrence,KS: University of Kansas Press.
1147:The initial raids were carried out by the
444:
430:
174:
160:
4855:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
3371:
3019:. New York: Simon and Schuster. pp.
2655:
2227:
2225:
2082:
1466:, which rejected their case in May 2013.
1198:
1085:and Tokyo, and then flew to airfields in
989:atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
40:1985 Narita International Airport bombing
3437:. U.S. Air University, Air War College.
3331:
3290:
3166:
3145:
2708:
2342:Approx. 80,000 deaths in down town Tokyo
2329:
1725:United States Strategic Bombing Survey,
1469:In 2013, during Japanese Prime Minister
1451:Center of the Tokyo Raids and War Damage
1406:
1380:
1343:
1309:
1281:
1254:, which would have been classified as a
1208:
1120:
1112:
36:1974 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries bombing
30:For other Tokyo bombings not related to
4965:
3536:
3492:
3468:
3432:
3407:
3105:
2946:
2925:
2885:B-29 Superfortress Units of World War 2
2832:
2377:
2216:
2177:
2053:
1981:
1926:
1914:
1789:
1760:
1513:4 March 1945: 159 B-29s hit urban area.
1070:on 18 April 1942. In the raid, sixteen
134:
14:
8522:
7066:
7044:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
3563:Craven, Wesley Frank; James Lea Cate.
3450:Smith, Jim; Malcolm Mcconnell (2002).
3230:
3211:
3185:
3126:
3086:
3058:
2813:
2732:
2281:
2257:
2231:
2222:
2204:
2019:
1839:
1766:
1117:Aerial view of Tokyo following the war
7915:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
7347:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
6993:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
6949:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
6054:Rape during the occupation of Germany
5200:
3639:Strategic bombing during World War II
3611:
3389:Lemay, Curtis E.; Bill Yenne (1988).
3315:Fire from the Sky: A Diary Over Japan
3312:
3268:
3251:
2983:
2872:
2305:
2269:
2152:Vance, Laurence M. (14 August 2009).
2151:
1891:
1305:
1163:commenced in November 1944 after the
1029:entered service, first deployed from
425:
155:
7037:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
6069:Rape during the liberation of France
4732:
3350:
3038:Morgan, Robert; Powers, Ron (2001).
2882:Dorr, Robert F. (20 December 2012).
2881:
2720:
2383:
1996:"Exploratory Analysis of Firestorms"
1684:
1325:Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department
5174:
3569:The Army Air Forces in World War II
3091:. Simon & Schuster Paperbacks.
3077:
2600:. 共同通信社. 7 May 2013. Archived from
2056:"The night hell fell from the sky'"
2022:"Part I: A Failure of Intelligence"
2020:Dyson., Freeman (1 November 2006),
1801:
1376:
1151:operating out of mainland China in
1022:began in 1944 after the long-range
24:
7263:German invasion of the Netherlands
5543:Weather events during World War II
3595:. U.S. Office of Air Force History
3571:. U.S. Office of Air Force History
3205:
2506:. 14 December 2009. Archived from
2096:. Condé Nast Digital. 9 March 2011
1539:(bomb with same ballistics as the
25:
8561:
7894:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
3512:
3237:. Random House Value Publishing.
2178:Coleman, Joseph (10 March 2005).
1950:
1898:Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus
1740:
1635:Consolidated B-32-35-CF Dominator
1627:Consolidated B-32-20-CF Dominator
1175:set-piece target, located at the
1055:
8454:
5226:
3146:Sloggett, David (18 July 2013).
2969:10.1111/j.1931-0846.2010.00056.x
2158:The Future of Freedom Foundation
2054:McNeill, David (10 March 2005).
1767:Carney, Matthew (8 March 2015).
1217:following Operation Meetinghouse
1205:Bombing of Tokyo (10 March 1945)
1190:The first such raid was against
1066:The first raid on Tokyo was the
136:
122:
69:
3525:Army Air Forces in World War II
3412:Air Raid!: The Bombing Campaign
3080:The Illustrated History of WWII
2807:
2792:
2780:
2738:
2522:
2488:
2454:
2435:
2409:
2371:
2335:
2171:
2145:
2108:
2047:
2013:
1987:
1944:
1885:
1845:
1445:After the war, Japanese author
451:
8141:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945
5851:Territorial changes of Germany
5759:Indonesian National Revolution
2472:. 9 March 2007. Archived from
2423:(in Japanese). 15 January 2013
1892:Plung, Dylan (15 April 2018).
1807:
1703:
13:
1:
7541:Japanese invasion of Thailand
7492:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
7256:German invasion of Luxembourg
5637:Mediterranean and Middle East
3089:The Making of the Atomic Bomb
1669:
1535:20 July 1945: 1 B-29 drops a
1108:
973:United States Army Air Forces
7448:Invasion of the Soviet Union
7137:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
6455:Independent State of Croatia
3493:Werrell, Kenneth P. (1998).
3082:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
2926:Hopkins, William B. (2009).
2818:. New York: Back Bay Books.
2667:. 21st Bomber Command. 1945.
2570:. 7 May 2013. Archived from
2540:. 9 May 2013. Archived from
1728:Summary Report (Pacific War)
1623:20th Reconnaissance Squadron
1576:Consolidated B-32 Dominators
1402:
898:Manchuria and Northern Korea
7:
8432:End of World War II in Asia
8272:Western invasion of Germany
7779:Chinese famine of 1942–1943
7756:Second Battle of El Alamein
7326:Hundred Regiments Offensive
7298:Battle of the Mediterranean
7151:Italian invasion of Albania
5325:Air warfare of World War II
3433:Shannon, Donald H. (1976).
3127:Sherry, Michael S. (1987).
2903:Hillenbrand, Laura (2010).
2395:都立横網町公園 （ Yokoamichō Park ）
2232:Selden, Mark (2 May 2007).
2003:Stanford Research Institute
1685:Long, Tony (9 March 2011).
1657:
1320:US Strategic Bombing Survey
961:
696:Dutch East Indies (1941–42)
653:Strategic bombing (1944–45)
10:
8566:
8358:Naval bombardment of Japan
7726:First Battle of El Alamein
7645:Battle of Christmas Island
7590:Japanese invasion of Burma
7354:Italian invasion of Greece
7270:German invasion of Belgium
7242:German invasion of Denmark
7215:1939–1940 Winter Offensive
7084:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
5348:Comparative military ranks
3231:Coffey, Thomas M. (1987).
2911:. New York: Random House.
2854:Conway-Lanz, Sahr (2006).
2664:Tactical Mission Report 38
2496:"東京大空襲の賠償認めず 「救済対象者の選別困難」"
2294:Miller & Commager 2001
1939:Miller & Commager 2001
1277:
1202:
1059:
845:Volcano and Ryukyu Islands
370:Volcano and Ryukyu Islands
29:
8447:
8279:Bratislava–Brno offensive
8219:
8210:Dutch famine of 1944–1945
7947:
7834:Allied invasion of Sicily
7788:
7694:Aleutian Islands campaign
7666:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
7613:
7604:Greek famine of 1941–1944
7499:Second Battle of Changsha
7404:German invasion of Greece
7372:
7249:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
7224:
7162:
7057:
6938:
6664:
6574:
6422:
6125:
6116:
5874:
5699:
5591:North and Central Pacific
5552:
5314:
5307:
5234:
5165:
5130:
5099:
5088:
5049:
5028:
5007:
4986:
4812:
4791:
4760:
4723:
4648:
4612:
4467:
4436:
4415:
4389:
4333:
4157:
3832:
3772:
3765:
3734:
3713:
3692:
3683:
3645:
3393:. McGraw-Hill Companies.
3332:Guillian, Robert (1982).
3252:Crane, Conrad C. (1994).
3186:Tipton, Elise K. (2002).
3015:The Story of World War II
2888:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
2873:Crane, Conrad C. (1993).
2836:No Strategic Targets Left
2530:"東京大空襲で原告敗訴が確定 最高裁が上告退ける"
1457:Postwar Japanese politics
955:
461:
195:
115:
86:
68:
56:
51:
7871:Allied invasion of Italy
7848:Solomon Islands campaign
7597:Third Battle of Changsha
7194:First Battle of Changsha
7100:Second Sino-Japanese War
6040:German military brothels
5906:United States war crimes
3655:Aerial bombing of cities
3585:Hansell, Jr., Haywood S.
3478:. Simon & Schuster.
3167:Sorensen, Andre (2004).
3087:Rhodes, Richard (1984).
2984:Kolko, Gabriel (1990) .
2462:"東京大空襲、国を提訴 遺族ら12億円賠償請求"
2368:) (一夜に東京の下町一帯で8万人にのぼる死者)
2122:Ellsworth Air Force Base
2077:Morgan & Powers 2001
1880:Morgan & Powers 2001
1553:
1518:(Operation Meetinghouse)
1481:Partial list of missions
1231:M-69 incendiary bomblets
1161:Northern Mariana Islands
983:in 1944–1945, after the
932:Second Sino-Japanese War
772:Estevan Point Lighthouse
527:Indian Ocean (1941–1945)
478:Marshalls–Gilberts raids
8293:Second Guangxi campaign
8148:Philippines (1944–1945)
7652:Battle of the Coral Sea
7555:Fall of the Philippines
7201:Battle of South Guangxi
7107:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
6513:Italian Social Republic
3593:Project Warrior Studies
3351:Hoyt, Edwin P. (2000).
3212:Caidin, Martin (1960).
3106:Shapiro, Isaac (2009).
3059:Polmar, Norman (2004).
2949:The Geographical Review
2858:. New York: Routledge.
2814:Beevor, Antony (2012).
2594:"東京大空襲で答弁書 「人道主義に合致せず」"
2451:, 20 March 2012, p. 12.
2391:"慰霊供養の方 東京空襲犠牲者名簿 登載受付"
2352:：4-00-415021-3 Writer:
2127:United States Air Force
1643:Pottstown, Pennsylvania
1485:
1074:were launched from the
534:Japanese merchant raids
7878:Armistice of Cassibile
7680:Battle of Dutch Harbor
7631:Battle of the Java Sea
7534:Attack on Pearl Harbor
7434:Syria–Lebanon campaign
7427:Battle of South Shanxi
7397:Invasion of Yugoslavia
7180:Battle of the Atlantic
6794:Korean Liberation Army
6507:(until September 1943)
6464:(until September 1944)
6442:(until September 1944)
3660:Area bombing directive
3537:Barrell, Tony (1997).
3078:Ray, Dr. John (2003).
2833:Bradley, F.J. (1999).
1560:carrier-based aircraft
1496:targets of opportunity
1427:
1392:Occupation authorities
1386:
1356:
1349:
1315:
1287:
1272:Hiroshima, or Nagasaki
1218:
1199:Operation Meetinghouse
1177:Dugway Proving Grounds
1126:
1118:
1095:a Japanese picket boat
1091:attack on Pearl Harbor
996:Operation Meetinghouse
985:attack on Pearl Harbor
833:Hiroshima and Nagasaki
677:Burma and India (1944)
500:Gilberts and Marshalls
353:Hiroshima and Nagasaki
8550:Firebombings in Japan
8540:Tokyo in World War II
8042:Second Battle of Guam
7938:Bengal famine of 1943
7908:Second Battle of Kiev
7864:Battle of the Dnieper
7569:Battle of Wake Island
7441:East African campaign
7383:Battle of South Henan
7028:atrocities by Germans
6801:Korean Volunteer Army
5782:Occupation of Germany
5536:Music in World War II
3408:McGowen, Tom (2001).
2839:. Turner Publishing.
1596:302nd Naval Air Group
1558:16–17 February 1945:
1520:killing some 100,000.
1410:
1384:
1351:
1347:
1313:
1285:
1212:
1124:
1116:
743:Philippines (1944–45)
701:Philippines (1941–42)
18:Fire-bombing of Tokyo
8328:Surrender of Germany
7806:Battle of West Hubei
7763:Guadalcanal campaign
7733:Battle of Stalingrad
7659:Battle of Madagascar
6433:Albania protectorate
6220:(formerly Swaziland)
5929:Wehrmacht war crimes
5745:Expulsion of Germans
5529:Art and World War II
5427:British contribution
5376:Governments in exile
4025:Ludwigshafen / Oppau
3757:Saint-Leu-d'Esserent
3216:. Ballantine Books.
2816:The Second World War
2566:. Japan Daily News.
2133:on 29 September 2011
1153:Operation Matterhorn
544:Homfreyganj massacre
411:Hokkaido (cancelled)
8502: /
8418:Potsdam Declaration
8307:Italy (Spring 1945)
8070:Liberation of Paris
7527:Siege of Sevastopol
6545:(until August 1944)
6448:Wang Jingwei regime
6270:from September 1943
6230:from September 1944
6168:from September 1944
6028:Romanian war crimes
6019:Persecution of Jews
6005:Croatian war crimes
5975:Japanese war crimes
5789:Occupation of Japan
5738:First Indochina War
5450:Military production
5362:Declarations of war
5100:Mandatory Palestine
3313:Greer, Ron (2005).
3171:. RoutledgeCurzon.
2961:2010GeoRv.100..521K
2777:, pp. 273–274.
2690:2 June 2013 at the
2625:, pp. 261–262.
2272:, pp. 539–540.
2207:, pp. 276–277.
2066:on 5 December 2008.
1941:, pp. 447–449.
1821:on 30 November 2017
1580:386th Bomb Squadron
1149:Twentieth Air Force
1033:and thereafter the
987:, and prior to the
8506:35.683°N 139.767°E
8411:Surrender of Japan
8244:Battle of Iwo Jima
8093:Belgrade offensive
7506:Siege of Leningrad
7390:Battle of Shanggao
7319:British Somaliland
7284:Dunkirk evacuation
7235:Norwegian campaign
7173:Invasion of Poland
7000:Japanese prisoners
5968:Italian war crimes
5899:British war crimes
5814:Soviet occupations
5598:South-West Pacific
5485:Allied cooperation
5443:Military equipment
4376:Rotterdam (Allied)
2932:. Zenith Imprint.
2604:on 2 December 2013
2510:on 2 December 2013
2476:on 2 December 2013
2380:, pp. 521–523
2009:on 8 October 2012.
1859:Universal Newsreel
1650:, was scrapped at
1428:
1387:
1350:
1316:
1306:Casualty estimates
1302:six months later.
1288:
1274:as single events.
1225:which released 38
1219:
1165:XXI Bomber Command
1131:B-29 Superfortress
1127:
1119:
1039:Japanese surrender
1024:B-29 Superfortress
969:air raids on Japan
891:Japanese surrender
857:Naval bombardments
787:Fire balloon bombs
510:Volcano and Ryukyu
505:Marianas and Palau
382:Naval bombardments
75:Tokyo burns under
59:air raids on Japan
8485:
8484:
8443:
8442:
8286:Battle of Okinawa
8185:Burma (1944–1945)
8019:Mariana and Palau
7799:Tunisian campaign
7624:Fall of Singapore
7548:Fall of Hong Kong
7291:Battle of Britain
7144:Operation Himmler
7053:
7052:
6717:Dutch East Indies
6360:Southern Rhodesia
6112:
6111:
6012:Genocide of Serbs
5915:German war crimes
5892:Soviet war crimes
5885:Allied war crimes
5731:Division of Korea
5710:Chinese Civil War
5508:Strategic bombing
5420:Manhattan Project
5194:
5193:
5190:
5189:
5161:
5160:
5090:Mediterranean and
5084:
5083:
4982:
4981:
4719:
4718:
4492:Barrow-in-Furness
4477:Battle of Britain
4153:
4152:
3930:Freiburg (Allies)
3670:Strategic bombing
3539:"Tokyo's Burning"
3485:978-1-4165-8440-7
3357:. Madison Books.
3305:978-0-8027-1565-4
3270:Frank, Richard B.
3226:. D767.25.T6 C35.
3159:978-1-78159-192-5
3152:. Pen and Sword.
3119:978-1-4401-4124-9
3063:. Potomac Books.
2939:978-0-7603-3435-5
2918:978-1-4000-6416-8
2895:978-1-78200-835-4
2825:978-0-316-02375-7
2756:on 5 October 2023
2354:Katsumoto Saotome
2186:on 3 January 2015
2026:Technology Review
1984:, pp. 34–35.
1951:Crane, Conrad C.
1741:Rauch, Jonathan.
1447:Katsumoto Saotome
1300:Japan's surrender
1236:M-47 incendiaries
1157:XX Bomber Command
1016:Strategic bombing
940:
939:
782:Lookout Air Raids
689:Southwest Pacific
419:
418:
150:
149:
111:
110:
16:(Redirected from
8557:
8517:
8516:
8514:
8513:
8512:
8507:
8503:
8500:
8499:
8498:
8495:
8478:
8471:
8464:
8461:World portal
8459:
8458:
8434:
8427:
8420:
8413:
8404:
8397:
8390:
8381:
8374:
8367:
8360:
8353:
8346:
8337:
8330:
8323:
8321:Prague offensive
8316:
8314:Battle of Berlin
8309:
8302:
8295:
8288:
8281:
8274:
8267:
8260:
8258:Vienna offensive
8253:
8246:
8239:
8237:Battle of Manila
8232:
8212:
8203:
8194:
8187:
8178:
8171:
8164:
8157:
8150:
8143:
8136:
8127:
8118:
8111:
8102:
8095:
8088:
8081:
8072:
8065:
8058:
8051:
8044:
8037:
8030:
8021:
8014:
8005:
7996:
7987:
7980:
7978:Korsun–Cherkassy
7973:
7962:
7940:
7931:
7924:
7917:
7910:
7903:
7896:
7889:
7880:
7873:
7866:
7859:
7850:
7843:
7836:
7829:
7822:
7820:Bombing of Gorky
7815:
7808:
7801:
7781:
7774:
7765:
7758:
7751:
7742:
7735:
7728:
7721:
7710:
7703:
7696:
7689:
7687:Battle of Midway
7682:
7675:
7673:Battle of Gazala
7668:
7661:
7654:
7647:
7640:
7633:
7626:
7606:
7599:
7592:
7585:
7583:Battle of Borneo
7578:
7576:Malayan campaign
7571:
7564:
7557:
7550:
7543:
7536:
7529:
7522:
7520:Bombing of Gorky
7515:
7513:Battle of Moscow
7508:
7501:
7494:
7487:
7480:
7473:
7457:
7450:
7443:
7436:
7429:
7422:
7413:
7406:
7399:
7392:
7385:
7365:
7356:
7349:
7342:
7335:
7328:
7321:
7314:
7307:
7300:
7293:
7286:
7279:
7277:Battle of France
7272:
7265:
7258:
7251:
7244:
7237:
7217:
7210:
7203:
7196:
7189:
7182:
7175:
7153:
7146:
7139:
7132:
7130:Munich Agreement
7125:
7118:
7109:
7102:
7095:
7086:
7079:
7064:
7063:
7046:
7039:
7030:
7023:
7016:
7015:Soviet prisoners
7009:
7002:
6995:
6986:
6979:
6970:
6963:
6956:
6955:German prisoners
6951:
6931:
6922:
6915:
6908:
6903:
6896:
6889:
6882:
6875:
6868:
6861:
6854:
6847:
6840:
6833:
6826:
6819:
6812:
6803:
6796:
6789:
6782:
6775:
6768:
6761:
6754:
6747:
6740:
6733:
6726:
6719:
6712:
6705:
6698:
6691:
6684:
6677:
6657:
6650:
6643:
6636:
6629:
6622:
6615:
6608:
6601:
6594:
6587:
6567:
6560:
6553:
6546:
6538:
6531:
6524:
6515:
6508:
6500:
6493:
6491:French Indochina
6486:
6479:
6472:
6465:
6457:
6450:
6443:
6435:
6415:
6406:
6399:
6390:
6383:
6376:
6369:
6362:
6355:
6348:
6341:
6338:from August 1944
6329:
6322:
6315:
6308:
6301:
6294:
6287:
6280:
6273:
6261:
6254:
6247:
6240:
6233:
6221:
6213:
6206:
6199:
6192:
6185:
6178:
6171:
6159:
6152:
6145:
6138:
6123:
6122:
6103:
6096:
6089:
6082:
6075:
6064:
6049:
6042:
6035:
6030:
6021:
6014:
6007:
5998:
5991:
5984:
5982:Nanjing Massacre
5977:
5970:
5961:
5959:Nuremberg trials
5952:
5945:
5938:
5931:
5924:
5917:
5908:
5901:
5894:
5887:
5867:
5860:
5853:
5844:
5837:
5830:
5823:
5816:
5809:
5800:
5791:
5784:
5777:
5770:
5761:
5754:
5747:
5740:
5733:
5726:
5719:
5712:
5692:
5683:
5676:
5669:
5660:
5653:
5646:
5639:
5630:
5623:
5616:
5607:
5600:
5593:
5586:
5579:
5572:
5565:
5563:Asia and Pacific
5545:
5538:
5531:
5524:
5517:
5510:
5503:
5494:
5492:Mulberry harbour
5487:
5480:
5473:
5466:
5459:
5452:
5445:
5438:
5429:
5422:
5415:
5406:
5399:
5392:
5385:
5378:
5371:
5364:
5357:
5350:
5343:
5334:
5327:
5312:
5311:
5300:
5293:
5284:
5277:
5270:
5263:
5256:
5249:
5242:
5221:
5214:
5207:
5198:
5197:
5172:
5171:
5097:
5096:
4994:Allied Singapore
4963:
4962:
4730:
4729:
4688:(Czechoslovakia)
4371:Rotterdam (Axis)
3770:
3769:
3690:
3689:
3685:European theatre
3650:Area bombardment
3632:
3625:
3618:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3549:on 3 August 1997
3508:
3495:Blankets of Fire
3489:
3470:Tillman, Barrett
3465:
3446:
3427:
3415:
3404:
3385:
3368:
3347:
3328:
3309:
3287:
3265:
3248:
3227:
3201:
3182:
3163:
3142:
3123:
3102:
3083:
3074:
3055:
3034:
3018:
3007:
2991:
2980:
2943:
2922:
2910:
2899:
2878:
2869:
2850:
2829:
2802:
2796:
2790:
2784:
2778:
2775:Hillenbrand 2010
2772:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2752:. Archived from
2742:
2736:
2730:
2724:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2695:
2678:
2669:
2668:
2659:
2653:
2650:Hillenbrand 2010
2647:
2641:
2638:Hillenbrand 2010
2635:
2626:
2623:Hillenbrand 2010
2620:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2574:on 9 August 2015
2568:Mainichi Shimbun
2560:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2458:
2452:
2441:Aukema Justin, "
2439:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2369:
2339:
2333:
2327:
2321:
2318:Conway-Lanz 2006
2315:
2309:
2303:
2297:
2291:
2285:
2279:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2229:
2220:
2214:
2208:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2129:. Archived from
2112:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2062:. Archived from
2051:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2032:, archived from
2017:
2011:
2010:
2000:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1959:. Archived from
1948:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1889:
1883:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1849:
1843:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1817:. Archived from
1811:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1738:
1732:
1723:
1714:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1682:
1652:Kingman, Arizona
1586:, launched from
1584:312th Bomb Group
1571:eighty planes."
1377:Postwar recovery
1364:Donald L. Miller
1181:incendiary bombs
1173:Japanese Village
1134:strategic bomber
971:launched by the
967:was a series of
966:
964:
958:
957:
912:Manchuria (1945)
767:Aleutian Islands
617:Indochina (1945)
587:Indochina (1940)
573:2nd Indian Ocean
556:1st Indian Ocean
551:Christmas Island
456:
446:
439:
432:
423:
422:
190:
176:
169:
162:
153:
152:
146:
142:
140:
139:
128:
126:
125:
88:
87:
80:firebomb assault
73:
52:Bombing of Tokyo
49:
48:
21:
8565:
8564:
8560:
8559:
8558:
8556:
8555:
8554:
8545:1940s conflicts
8520:
8519:
8511:35.683; 139.767
8510:
8508:
8504:
8501:
8496:
8493:
8491:
8489:
8488:
8486:
8481:
8474:
8467:
8453:
8451:
8439:
8430:
8423:
8416:
8409:
8400:
8393:
8386:
8377:
8372:Atomic bombings
8370:
8363:
8356:
8349:
8342:
8333:
8326:
8319:
8312:
8305:
8298:
8291:
8284:
8277:
8270:
8263:
8256:
8249:
8242:
8235:
8228:
8215:
8208:
8197:
8190:
8183:
8174:
8167:
8160:
8153:
8146:
8139:
8130:
8121:
8114:
8105:
8098:
8091:
8084:
8075:
8068:
8063:Eastern Romania
8061:
8056:Warsaw Uprising
8054:
8049:Tannenberg Line
8047:
8040:
8035:Western Ukraine
8033:
8024:
8017:
8008:
7999:
7990:
7983:
7976:
7965:
7956:
7943:
7936:
7927:
7920:
7913:
7906:
7899:
7892:
7885:
7876:
7869:
7862:
7853:
7846:
7839:
7832:
7827:Battle of Kursk
7825:
7818:
7811:
7804:
7797:
7784:
7777:
7768:
7761:
7754:
7745:
7738:
7731:
7724:
7715:
7706:
7699:
7692:
7685:
7678:
7671:
7664:
7657:
7650:
7643:
7638:St Nazaire Raid
7636:
7629:
7622:
7609:
7602:
7595:
7588:
7581:
7574:
7567:
7560:
7553:
7546:
7539:
7532:
7525:
7518:
7511:
7504:
7497:
7490:
7483:
7476:
7462:
7453:
7446:
7439:
7432:
7425:
7420:Anglo-Iraqi War
7418:
7411:Battle of Crete
7409:
7402:
7395:
7388:
7381:
7368:
7359:
7352:
7345:
7340:Eastern Romania
7338:
7331:
7324:
7317:
7310:
7303:
7296:
7289:
7282:
7275:
7268:
7261:
7254:
7247:
7240:
7233:
7220:
7213:
7206:
7199:
7192:
7185:
7178:
7171:
7158:
7149:
7142:
7135:
7128:
7121:
7114:
7105:
7098:
7091:
7082:
7075:
7049:
7042:
7035:
7026:
7019:
7014:
7005:
6998:
6991:
6982:
6975:
6966:
6959:
6954:
6947:
6934:
6927:
6918:
6911:
6906:
6901:Western Ukraine
6899:
6892:
6885:
6878:
6871:
6864:
6857:
6850:
6845:Northeast China
6843:
6836:
6829:
6822:
6815:
6808:
6799:
6792:
6785:
6778:
6771:
6764:
6757:
6750:
6743:
6736:
6729:
6722:
6715:
6708:
6701:
6694:
6687:
6680:
6673:
6660:
6653:
6646:
6639:
6632:
6625:
6618:
6611:
6604:
6597:
6590:
6583:
6570:
6563:
6556:
6551:Slovak Republic
6549:
6541:
6534:
6527:
6522:Empire of Japan
6520:
6511:
6503:
6496:
6489:
6482:
6475:
6468:
6460:
6453:
6446:
6438:
6431:
6418:
6411:
6402:
6395:
6386:
6379:
6372:
6365:
6358:
6351:
6344:
6332:
6325:
6318:
6311:
6304:
6297:
6290:
6283:
6276:
6264:
6257:
6250:
6243:
6236:
6224:
6216:
6209:
6202:
6195:
6188:
6181:
6174:
6162:
6155:
6148:
6141:
6134:
6108:
6099:
6092:
6085:
6078:
6067:
6052:
6045:
6038:
6034:Sexual violence
6033:
6026:
6017:
6010:
6003:
5994:
5987:
5980:
5973:
5966:
5957:
5948:
5941:
5934:
5927:
5920:
5913:
5904:
5897:
5890:
5883:
5870:
5863:
5856:
5849:
5840:
5833:
5826:
5819:
5812:
5803:
5794:
5787:
5780:
5773:
5764:
5757:
5752:Greek Civil War
5750:
5743:
5736:
5729:
5722:
5715:
5708:
5695:
5688:
5679:
5672:
5665:
5656:
5649:
5642:
5635:
5626:
5619:
5612:
5603:
5596:
5589:
5582:
5577:South-East Asia
5575:
5568:
5561:
5548:
5541:
5534:
5527:
5520:
5513:
5506:
5499:
5490:
5483:
5476:
5469:
5462:
5455:
5448:
5441:
5436:Military awards
5434:
5425:
5418:
5411:
5402:
5395:
5388:
5381:
5374:
5367:
5360:
5353:
5346:
5339:
5330:
5323:
5303:
5296:
5289:
5280:
5273:
5266:
5261:
5252:
5245:
5238:
5230:
5225:
5195:
5186:
5157:
5126:
5091:
5080:
5045:
5024:
5003:
4978:
4961:
4808:
4787:
4756:
4715:
4644:
4608:
4469:
4463:
4432:
4411:
4385:
4329:
4275:Reggio Calabria
4149:
4130:Wiener Neustadt
3935:Friedrichshafen
3925:Freiburg (Axis)
3828:
3775:
3761:
3730:
3709:
3679:
3641:
3636:
3598:
3596:
3574:
3572:
3552:
3550:
3515:
3505:
3497:. Smithsonian.
3486:
3462:
3424:
3401:
3365:
3344:
3325:
3306:
3292:Grayling, A. C.
3284:
3245:
3224:
3208:
3206:Further reading
3198:
3179:
3160:
3139:
3120:
3099:
3071:
3052:
3031:
3004:
2940:
2919:
2896:
2866:
2847:
2826:
2810:
2805:
2797:
2793:
2785:
2781:
2773:
2769:
2759:
2757:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2731:
2727:
2719:
2715:
2707:
2698:
2692:Wayback Machine
2679:
2672:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2648:
2644:
2636:
2629:
2621:
2617:
2607:
2605:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2577:
2575:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2547:
2545:
2544:on 11 June 2013
2528:
2527:
2523:
2513:
2511:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2479:
2477:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2440:
2436:
2426:
2424:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2400:
2398:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2376:
2372:
2362:Iwanami Shinsho
2346:Wayback Machine
2340:
2336:
2328:
2324:
2316:
2312:
2304:
2300:
2292:
2288:
2280:
2276:
2268:
2264:
2256:
2252:
2242:
2240:
2230:
2223:
2215:
2211:
2203:
2199:
2189:
2187:
2176:
2172:
2162:
2160:
2150:
2146:
2136:
2134:
2113:
2109:
2099:
2097:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2075:
2071:
2052:
2048:
2039:
2037:
2036:on 2 March 2012
2018:
2014:
1998:
1992:
1988:
1980:
1976:
1966:
1964:
1949:
1945:
1937:
1933:
1925:
1921:
1913:
1909:
1890:
1886:
1878:
1874:
1864:
1862:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1838:
1834:
1824:
1822:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1800:
1796:
1788:
1784:
1774:
1772:
1771:. ABC Australia
1765:
1761:
1751:
1749:
1739:
1735:
1724:
1717:
1708:
1704:
1683:
1676:
1672:
1660:
1654:after the war.
1588:Yontan Airfield
1556:
1488:
1483:
1475:humanitarianism
1459:
1432:Yokoamicho Park
1405:
1379:
1308:
1280:
1207:
1201:
1111:
1064:
1058:
1035:Mariana Islands
977:Pacific Theatre
952:
943:
942:
941:
936:
928:
840:Mariana Islands
713:Solomon Islands
682:Burma (1944–45)
672:Burma (1942–43)
667:Burma (1941–42)
660:Burma and India
592:Franco-Thai War
539:Andaman Islands
466:Central Pacific
457:
452:
450:
420:
415:
401:
365:Mariana Islands
306:
226:
191:
182:
180:
137:
135:
123:
121:
107:
94:1942, 1944–1945
74:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8563:
8553:
8552:
8547:
8542:
8537:
8532:
8483:
8482:
8480:
8479:
8472:
8465:
8448:
8445:
8444:
8441:
8440:
8438:
8437:
8436:
8435:
8428:
8421:
8407:
8406:
8405:
8391:
8388:South Sakhalin
8384:
8383:
8382:
8368:
8361:
8354:
8347:
8340:
8339:
8338:
8324:
8317:
8310:
8303:
8296:
8289:
8282:
8275:
8268:
8261:
8254:
8247:
8240:
8233:
8225:
8223:
8217:
8216:
8214:
8213:
8206:
8205:
8204:
8188:
8181:
8180:
8179:
8165:
8158:
8151:
8144:
8137:
8128:
8119:
8112:
8103:
8096:
8089:
8082:
8073:
8066:
8059:
8052:
8045:
8038:
8031:
8022:
8015:
8006:
7997:
7988:
7981:
7974:
7963:
7953:
7951:
7945:
7944:
7942:
7941:
7934:
7933:
7932:
7925:
7911:
7904:
7897:
7890:
7883:
7882:
7881:
7867:
7860:
7851:
7844:
7837:
7830:
7823:
7816:
7813:Battle of Attu
7809:
7802:
7794:
7792:
7786:
7785:
7783:
7782:
7775:
7766:
7759:
7752:
7743:
7736:
7729:
7722:
7713:
7712:
7711:
7704:
7690:
7683:
7676:
7669:
7662:
7655:
7648:
7641:
7634:
7627:
7619:
7617:
7611:
7610:
7608:
7607:
7600:
7593:
7586:
7579:
7572:
7565:
7562:Battle of Guam
7558:
7551:
7544:
7537:
7530:
7523:
7516:
7509:
7502:
7495:
7488:
7485:Battle of Kiev
7481:
7474:
7460:
7459:
7458:
7444:
7437:
7430:
7423:
7416:
7415:
7414:
7400:
7393:
7386:
7378:
7376:
7370:
7369:
7367:
7366:
7357:
7350:
7343:
7336:
7329:
7322:
7315:
7308:
7301:
7294:
7287:
7280:
7273:
7266:
7259:
7252:
7245:
7238:
7230:
7228:
7222:
7221:
7219:
7218:
7211:
7204:
7197:
7190:
7183:
7176:
7168:
7166:
7160:
7159:
7157:
7156:
7155:
7154:
7147:
7140:
7133:
7126:
7112:
7111:
7110:
7103:
7089:
7088:
7087:
7072:
7070:
7061:
7055:
7054:
7051:
7050:
7048:
7047:
7040:
7033:
7032:
7031:
7024:
7012:
7011:
7010:
6996:
6989:
6988:
6987:
6984:United Kingdom
6980:
6973:
6972:
6971:
6952:
6944:
6942:
6936:
6935:
6933:
6932:
6925:
6924:
6923:
6916:
6904:
6897:
6890:
6883:
6876:
6869:
6862:
6855:
6848:
6841:
6834:
6827:
6820:
6813:
6806:
6805:
6804:
6797:
6783:
6776:
6769:
6762:
6755:
6748:
6741:
6734:
6727:
6720:
6713:
6706:
6699:
6692:
6685:
6678:
6670:
6668:
6662:
6661:
6659:
6658:
6651:
6644:
6637:
6630:
6623:
6616:
6609:
6602:
6595:
6588:
6580:
6578:
6572:
6571:
6569:
6568:
6561:
6554:
6547:
6539:
6532:
6525:
6518:
6517:
6516:
6501:
6494:
6487:
6480:
6473:
6466:
6458:
6451:
6444:
6436:
6428:
6426:
6420:
6419:
6417:
6416:
6409:
6408:
6407:
6393:
6392:
6391:
6388:British Empire
6381:United Kingdom
6377:
6370:
6363:
6356:
6349:
6342:
6330:
6323:
6316:
6309:
6302:
6295:
6288:
6281:
6274:
6262:
6255:
6248:
6241:
6234:
6222:
6214:
6207:
6200:
6197:Czechoslovakia
6193:
6186:
6179:
6172:
6160:
6153:
6146:
6139:
6131:
6129:
6120:
6114:
6113:
6110:
6109:
6107:
6106:
6105:
6104:
6097:
6094:Rape of Manila
6090:
6083:
6076:
6065:
6050:
6043:
6031:
6024:
6023:
6022:
6015:
6001:
6000:
5999:
5992:
5985:
5971:
5964:
5963:
5962:
5955:
5954:
5953:
5946:
5932:
5925:
5911:
5910:
5909:
5902:
5895:
5880:
5878:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5868:
5865:United Nations
5861:
5854:
5847:
5846:
5845:
5838:
5831:
5824:
5810:
5801:
5792:
5785:
5778:
5771:
5762:
5755:
5748:
5741:
5734:
5727:
5724:Decolonization
5720:
5713:
5705:
5703:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5693:
5686:
5685:
5684:
5670:
5663:
5662:
5661:
5654:
5647:
5633:
5632:
5631:
5624:
5610:
5609:
5608:
5601:
5594:
5587:
5580:
5573:
5558:
5556:
5550:
5549:
5547:
5546:
5539:
5532:
5525:
5518:
5511:
5504:
5497:
5496:
5495:
5488:
5474:
5467:
5460:
5453:
5446:
5439:
5432:
5431:
5430:
5416:
5409:
5408:
5407:
5400:
5397:United Kingdom
5393:
5379:
5372:
5365:
5358:
5351:
5344:
5337:
5336:
5335:
5320:
5318:
5309:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5301:
5294:
5287:
5286:
5285:
5278:
5271:
5259:
5258:
5257:
5243:
5235:
5232:
5231:
5224:
5223:
5216:
5209:
5201:
5192:
5191:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5184:
5178:
5176:
5169:
5163:
5162:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5134:
5132:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5103:
5101:
5094:
5086:
5085:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5078:
5072:
5066:
5060:
5053:
5051:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5043:
5038:
5032:
5030:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5017:
5011:
5009:
5005:
5004:
5002:
5001:
4999:Axis Singapore
4996:
4990:
4988:
4984:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4976:
4969:
4967:
4960:
4959:
4954:
4953:
4952:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4816:
4814:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4806:
4801:
4795:
4793:
4789:
4788:
4786:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4764:
4762:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4753:
4752:
4750:Allied Rangoon
4747:
4740:Burma campaign
4736:
4734:
4727:
4721:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4713:
4707:
4701:
4695:
4689:
4683:
4677:
4671:
4665:
4659:
4652:
4650:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4631:
4630:
4625:
4616:
4614:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4484:
4482:Baedeker Blitz
4479:
4473:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4440:
4438:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4425:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4393:
4391:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4337:
4335:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3990:Kaiserslautern
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3836:
3834:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3780:
3778:
3767:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3738:
3736:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3717:
3715:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3696:
3694:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3635:
3634:
3627:
3620:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3581:
3560:
3534:
3528:
3522:
3514:
3513:External links
3511:
3510:
3509:
3503:
3490:
3484:
3466:
3460:
3447:
3429:
3428:
3422:
3405:
3399:
3386:
3369:
3363:
3348:
3342:
3336:. Jove Pubns.
3329:
3323:
3310:
3304:
3288:
3282:
3266:
3249:
3243:
3228:
3222:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3196:
3183:
3177:
3164:
3158:
3143:
3137:
3124:
3118:
3103:
3097:
3084:
3075:
3069:
3056:
3050:
3035:
3029:
3008:
3002:
2981:
2955:(4): 521–537.
2944:
2938:
2923:
2917:
2900:
2894:
2879:
2870:
2864:
2851:
2845:
2830:
2824:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2791:
2779:
2767:
2750:Pacific Wrecks
2737:
2725:
2713:
2711:, p. 154.
2696:
2670:
2654:
2652:, p. 274.
2642:
2640:, p. 263.
2627:
2615:
2585:
2555:
2521:
2487:
2453:
2434:
2408:
2382:
2370:
2334:
2322:
2310:
2308:, p. 140.
2298:
2296:, p. 456.
2286:
2284:, p. 141.
2274:
2262:
2260:, p. 599.
2250:
2221:
2209:
2197:
2170:
2144:
2107:
2081:
2079:, p. 314.
2069:
2046:
2012:
1986:
1974:
1963:on 2 June 2017
1943:
1931:
1919:
1917:, p. 322.
1907:
1884:
1882:, p. 279.
1872:
1844:
1842:, p. 698.
1832:
1806:
1804:, p. 126.
1794:
1792:, p. 115.
1782:
1759:
1733:
1715:
1702:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1659:
1656:
1614:Sadamu Komachi
1566:, escorted by
1555:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1492:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1458:
1455:
1404:
1401:
1378:
1375:
1329:Richard Rhodes
1307:
1304:
1279:
1276:
1203:Main article:
1200:
1197:
1110:
1107:
1072:B-25 Mitchells
1068:Doolittle Raid
1062:Doolittle Raid
1060:Main article:
1057:
1056:Doolittle Raid
1054:
1012:Doolittle Raid
938:
937:
927:
926:
921:
920:
919:
909:
901:
900:
894:
893:
888:
881:
880:
879:
869:
867:South Sakhalin
864:
859:
854:
847:
842:
837:
836:
835:
830:
825:
820:
809:
808:
802:
801:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
758:
757:
751:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
703:
698:
692:
691:
685:
684:
679:
674:
669:
663:
662:
656:
655:
650:
643:
636:
629:
624:
622:Malacca Strait
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
583:
582:
580:Southeast Asia
576:
575:
570:
565:
564:
563:
553:
548:
547:
546:
536:
530:
529:
523:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
490:Doolittle Raid
487:
480:
475:
469:
468:
462:
459:
458:
449:
448:
441:
434:
426:
417:
416:
414:
413:
408:
399:
394:
392:South Sakhalin
389:
384:
379:
372:
367:
361:
360:
356:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
238:
237:
224:
219:
214:
209:
207:Doolittle Raid
203:
202:
196:
193:
192:
184:Japan campaign
179:
178:
171:
164:
156:
148:
147:
132:
118:
117:
113:
112:
109:
108:
102:
100:
96:
95:
92:
84:
83:
82:, 26 May 1945.
66:
65:
54:
53:
47:
46:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8562:
8551:
8548:
8546:
8543:
8541:
8538:
8536:
8533:
8531:
8528:
8527:
8525:
8518:
8515:
8477:
8473:
8470:
8466:
8463:
8462:
8457:
8450:
8449:
8446:
8433:
8429:
8426:
8422:
8419:
8415:
8414:
8412:
8408:
8403:
8399:
8398:
8396:
8395:Kuril Islands
8392:
8389:
8385:
8380:
8376:
8375:
8373:
8369:
8366:
8362:
8359:
8355:
8352:
8348:
8345:
8341:
8336:
8332:
8331:
8329:
8325:
8322:
8318:
8315:
8311:
8308:
8304:
8301:
8297:
8294:
8290:
8287:
8283:
8280:
8276:
8273:
8269:
8266:
8262:
8259:
8255:
8252:
8248:
8245:
8241:
8238:
8234:
8231:
8227:
8226:
8224:
8222:
8218:
8211:
8207:
8202:
8201:
8196:
8195:
8193:
8189:
8186:
8182:
8177:
8173:
8172:
8170:
8166:
8163:
8162:Syrmian Front
8159:
8156:
8152:
8149:
8145:
8142:
8138:
8135:
8134:
8129:
8126:
8125:
8120:
8117:
8113:
8110:
8109:
8108:Market Garden
8104:
8101:
8097:
8094:
8090:
8087:
8083:
8080:
8079:
8074:
8071:
8067:
8064:
8060:
8057:
8053:
8050:
8046:
8043:
8039:
8036:
8032:
8029:
8028:
8023:
8020:
8016:
8013:
8012:
8007:
8004:
8003:
7998:
7995:
7994:
7989:
7986:
7982:
7979:
7975:
7972:
7968:
7967:Monte Cassino
7964:
7961:
7960:
7955:
7954:
7952:
7950:
7946:
7939:
7935:
7930:
7926:
7923:
7919:
7918:
7916:
7912:
7909:
7905:
7902:
7898:
7895:
7891:
7888:
7884:
7879:
7875:
7874:
7872:
7868:
7865:
7861:
7858:
7857:
7852:
7849:
7845:
7842:
7838:
7835:
7831:
7828:
7824:
7821:
7817:
7814:
7810:
7807:
7803:
7800:
7796:
7795:
7793:
7791:
7787:
7780:
7776:
7773:
7772:
7767:
7764:
7760:
7757:
7753:
7750:
7749:
7744:
7741:
7737:
7734:
7730:
7727:
7723:
7720:
7719:
7714:
7709:
7705:
7702:
7698:
7697:
7695:
7691:
7688:
7684:
7681:
7677:
7674:
7670:
7667:
7663:
7660:
7656:
7653:
7649:
7646:
7642:
7639:
7635:
7632:
7628:
7625:
7621:
7620:
7618:
7616:
7612:
7605:
7601:
7598:
7594:
7591:
7587:
7584:
7580:
7577:
7573:
7570:
7566:
7563:
7559:
7556:
7552:
7549:
7545:
7542:
7538:
7535:
7531:
7528:
7524:
7521:
7517:
7514:
7510:
7507:
7503:
7500:
7496:
7493:
7489:
7486:
7482:
7479:
7475:
7471:
7470:
7465:
7461:
7456:
7452:
7451:
7449:
7445:
7442:
7438:
7435:
7431:
7428:
7424:
7421:
7417:
7412:
7408:
7407:
7405:
7401:
7398:
7394:
7391:
7387:
7384:
7380:
7379:
7377:
7375:
7371:
7364:
7363:
7358:
7355:
7351:
7348:
7344:
7341:
7337:
7334:
7333:Baltic states
7330:
7327:
7323:
7320:
7316:
7313:
7309:
7306:
7302:
7299:
7295:
7292:
7288:
7285:
7281:
7278:
7274:
7271:
7267:
7264:
7260:
7257:
7253:
7250:
7246:
7243:
7239:
7236:
7232:
7231:
7229:
7227:
7223:
7216:
7212:
7209:
7205:
7202:
7198:
7195:
7191:
7188:
7184:
7181:
7177:
7174:
7170:
7169:
7167:
7165:
7161:
7152:
7148:
7145:
7141:
7138:
7134:
7131:
7127:
7124:
7120:
7119:
7117:
7113:
7108:
7104:
7101:
7097:
7096:
7094:
7090:
7085:
7081:
7080:
7078:
7074:
7073:
7071:
7069:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7056:
7045:
7041:
7038:
7034:
7029:
7025:
7022:
7018:
7017:
7013:
7008:
7004:
7003:
7001:
6997:
6994:
6990:
6985:
6981:
6978:
6977:United States
6974:
6969:
6965:
6964:
6962:
6958:
6957:
6953:
6950:
6946:
6945:
6943:
6941:
6937:
6930:
6926:
6921:
6917:
6914:
6913:Quốc dân Đảng
6910:
6909:
6905:
6902:
6898:
6895:
6891:
6888:
6884:
6881:
6877:
6874:
6870:
6867:
6863:
6860:
6856:
6853:
6849:
6846:
6842:
6839:
6835:
6832:
6828:
6825:
6821:
6818:
6814:
6811:
6807:
6802:
6798:
6795:
6791:
6790:
6788:
6784:
6781:
6777:
6774:
6770:
6767:
6763:
6760:
6756:
6753:
6749:
6746:
6742:
6739:
6735:
6732:
6728:
6725:
6721:
6718:
6714:
6711:
6707:
6704:
6700:
6697:
6693:
6690:
6686:
6683:
6679:
6676:
6672:
6671:
6669:
6667:
6663:
6656:
6652:
6649:
6645:
6642:
6638:
6635:
6631:
6628:
6624:
6621:
6617:
6614:
6613:Liechtenstein
6610:
6607:
6603:
6600:
6596:
6593:
6589:
6586:
6582:
6581:
6579:
6577:
6573:
6566:
6562:
6559:
6555:
6552:
6548:
6544:
6540:
6537:
6533:
6530:
6526:
6523:
6519:
6514:
6510:
6509:
6506:
6502:
6499:
6495:
6492:
6488:
6485:
6481:
6478:
6474:
6471:
6467:
6463:
6459:
6456:
6452:
6449:
6445:
6441:
6437:
6434:
6430:
6429:
6427:
6425:
6421:
6414:
6410:
6405:
6401:
6400:
6398:
6397:United States
6394:
6389:
6385:
6384:
6382:
6378:
6375:
6371:
6368:
6364:
6361:
6357:
6354:
6350:
6347:
6343:
6339:
6335:
6331:
6328:
6324:
6321:
6317:
6314:
6310:
6307:
6303:
6300:
6296:
6293:
6289:
6286:
6282:
6279:
6275:
6271:
6267:
6263:
6260:
6256:
6253:
6249:
6246:
6242:
6239:
6235:
6231:
6227:
6223:
6219:
6215:
6212:
6208:
6205:
6201:
6198:
6194:
6191:
6187:
6184:
6180:
6177:
6173:
6169:
6165:
6161:
6158:
6154:
6151:
6147:
6144:
6140:
6137:
6133:
6132:
6130:
6128:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6115:
6102:
6098:
6095:
6091:
6088:
6087:Comfort women
6084:
6081:
6077:
6074:
6071: /
6070:
6066:
6063:
6060: /
6059:
6056: /
6055:
6051:
6048:
6047:Camp brothels
6044:
6041:
6037:
6036:
6032:
6029:
6025:
6020:
6016:
6013:
6009:
6008:
6006:
6002:
5997:
5993:
5990:
5986:
5983:
5979:
5978:
5976:
5972:
5969:
5965:
5960:
5956:
5951:
5947:
5944:
5940:
5939:
5937:
5936:The Holocaust
5933:
5930:
5926:
5923:
5922:forced labour
5919:
5918:
5916:
5912:
5907:
5903:
5900:
5896:
5893:
5889:
5888:
5886:
5882:
5881:
5879:
5877:
5873:
5866:
5862:
5859:
5855:
5852:
5848:
5843:
5839:
5836:
5832:
5829:
5825:
5822:
5818:
5817:
5815:
5811:
5808:
5807:
5802:
5799:
5798:
5793:
5790:
5786:
5783:
5779:
5776:
5775:Marshall Plan
5772:
5769:
5768:
5763:
5760:
5756:
5753:
5749:
5746:
5742:
5739:
5735:
5732:
5728:
5725:
5721:
5718:
5714:
5711:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5702:
5698:
5691:
5687:
5682:
5678:
5677:
5675:
5671:
5668:
5664:
5659:
5655:
5652:
5648:
5645:
5641:
5640:
5638:
5634:
5629:
5628:Eastern Front
5625:
5622:
5621:Western Front
5618:
5617:
5615:
5611:
5606:
5602:
5599:
5595:
5592:
5588:
5585:
5581:
5578:
5574:
5571:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5560:
5559:
5557:
5555:
5551:
5544:
5540:
5537:
5533:
5530:
5526:
5523:
5519:
5516:
5515:Puppet states
5512:
5509:
5505:
5502:
5498:
5493:
5489:
5486:
5482:
5481:
5479:
5475:
5472:
5468:
5465:
5461:
5458:
5457:Naval history
5454:
5451:
5447:
5444:
5440:
5437:
5433:
5428:
5424:
5423:
5421:
5417:
5414:
5410:
5405:
5404:United States
5401:
5398:
5394:
5391:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5380:
5377:
5373:
5370:
5366:
5363:
5359:
5356:
5352:
5349:
5345:
5342:
5338:
5333:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5322:
5321:
5319:
5317:
5313:
5310:
5306:
5299:
5295:
5292:
5288:
5283:
5279:
5276:
5272:
5269:
5265:
5264:
5260:
5255:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5244:
5241:
5237:
5236:
5233:
5229:
5222:
5217:
5215:
5210:
5208:
5203:
5202:
5199:
5183:
5180:
5179:
5177:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5164:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5129:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5087:
5077:(Philippines)
5076:
5073:
5070:
5067:
5064:
5061:
5058:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5048:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5033:
5031:
5029:United States
5027:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5006:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4989:
4985:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4964:
4958:
4955:
4951:
4948:
4947:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4925:
4924:10 March 1945
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4811:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4790:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4759:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4742:
4741:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4722:
4711:
4708:
4705:
4702:
4699:
4696:
4694:(Switzerland)
4693:
4690:
4687:
4684:
4681:
4678:
4675:
4672:
4669:
4666:
4663:
4660:
4657:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4647:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4611:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4489:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4466:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4435:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4414:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4388:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4332:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4156:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4135:Wilhelmshaven
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3814:Gelsenkirchen
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3777:
3771:
3768:
3764:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3644:
3640:
3633:
3628:
3626:
3621:
3619:
3614:
3613:
3610:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3570:
3566:
3561:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3506:
3504:1-56098-871-1
3500:
3496:
3491:
3487:
3481:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3461:0-7679-0778-7
3457:
3453:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3423:0-7613-1810-0
3419:
3414:
3413:
3406:
3402:
3400:0-07-037164-4
3396:
3392:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3376:. Doubleday.
3375:
3370:
3366:
3364:1-56833-149-5
3360:
3356:
3355:
3349:
3345:
3343:0-86721-223-3
3339:
3335:
3330:
3326:
3324:0-9768712-0-3
3320:
3316:
3311:
3307:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3283:0-14-100146-1
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3250:
3246:
3244:0-517-55188-8
3240:
3236:
3235:
3229:
3225:
3223:0-553-29926-3
3219:
3215:
3210:
3209:
3199:
3197:0-585-45322-5
3193:
3190:. Routledge.
3189:
3184:
3180:
3178:0-415-35422-6
3174:
3170:
3165:
3161:
3155:
3151:
3150:
3144:
3140:
3138:0-415-97829-7
3134:
3130:
3125:
3121:
3115:
3112:. iUniverse.
3111:
3110:
3104:
3100:
3098:0-684-81378-5
3094:
3090:
3085:
3081:
3076:
3072:
3070:1-57488-836-6
3066:
3062:
3057:
3053:
3051:0-525-94610-1
3047:
3043:
3042:
3036:
3032:
3030:9780743227186
3026:
3022:
3017:
3016:
3009:
3005:
3003:9780679727576
2999:
2995:
2990:
2989:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2945:
2941:
2935:
2931:
2930:
2924:
2920:
2914:
2909:
2908:
2901:
2897:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2867:
2865:0-415-97829-7
2861:
2857:
2852:
2848:
2846:9781563114830
2842:
2838:
2837:
2831:
2827:
2821:
2817:
2812:
2811:
2800:
2795:
2788:
2783:
2776:
2771:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2741:
2735:, p. 24.
2734:
2729:
2722:
2717:
2710:
2709:Sloggett 2013
2705:
2703:
2701:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2677:
2675:
2666:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2646:
2639:
2634:
2632:
2624:
2619:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2589:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2559:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2457:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2438:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2397:(in Japanese)
2396:
2392:
2386:
2379:
2374:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2338:
2331:
2330:Sorensen 2004
2326:
2319:
2314:
2307:
2302:
2295:
2290:
2283:
2278:
2271:
2266:
2259:
2254:
2239:
2235:
2228:
2226:
2219:, p. 38.
2218:
2213:
2206:
2201:
2185:
2181:
2174:
2159:
2155:
2148:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2111:
2095:
2091:
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2078:
2073:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2050:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2016:
2008:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1978:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1935:
1929:, p. 33.
1928:
1923:
1916:
1911:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1876:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1836:
1820:
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1798:
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1706:
1699:
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1609:
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1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1464:Supreme Court
1454:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1383:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1360:Gabriel Kolko
1355:
1346:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1312:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1284:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1252:conflagration
1249:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1228:
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1216:
1211:
1206:
1196:
1193:
1188:
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1123:
1115:
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1096:
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1084:
1080:
1079:
1073:
1069:
1063:
1053:
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1047:
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1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1001:
997:
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990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
963:
951:
950:
935:
934:
933:
925:
922:
918:
915:
914:
913:
910:
908:
907:
903:
902:
899:
896:
895:
892:
889:
887:
886:
882:
878:
875:
874:
873:
872:Kuril Islands
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
852:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
815:
814:
811:
810:
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803:
800:
799:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
759:
756:
755:North America
753:
752:
749:
748:Borneo (1945)
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
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664:
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637:
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623:
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600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
584:
581:
578:
577:
574:
571:
569:
568:Bay of Bengal
566:
562:
559:
558:
557:
554:
552:
549:
545:
542:
541:
540:
537:
535:
532:
531:
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525:
524:
521:
518:
516:
513:
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508:
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501:
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479:
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467:
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463:
460:
455:
447:
442:
440:
435:
433:
428:
427:
424:
412:
409:
407:
405:
400:
398:
397:Kuril Islands
395:
393:
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388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
377:
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371:
368:
366:
363:
362:
358:
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194:
189:
185:
177:
172:
170:
165:
163:
158:
157:
154:
145:
133:
131:
130:United States
120:
119:
114:
105:
101:
98:
97:
93:
90:
89:
85:
81:
78:
72:
67:
64:
60:
55:
50:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
8487:
8469:Bibliography
8452:
8265:Project Hula
8230:Vistula–Oder
8199:
8132:
8123:
8107:
8077:
8026:
8010:
8001:
7992:
7958:
7855:
7770:
7746:
7716:
7467:
7360:
7305:North Africa
7007:Soviet Union
6961:Soviet Union
6887:Soviet Union
6655:Vatican City
6565:Vichy France
6470:German Reich
6367:Soviet Union
6353:South Africa
6346:Sierra Leone
6299:Newfoundland
6118:Participants
6101:Marocchinate
5805:
5796:
5766:
5644:North Africa
5605:Indian Ocean
5464:Nazi plunder
5355:Cryptography
5228:World War II
5167:North Africa
5069:Kuala Lumpur
5050:Other cities
5036:Pearl Harbor
4919:
4692:Schaffhausen
4649:Other cities
4437:Soviet Union
3870:Braunschweig
3850:Aschersleben
3833:Other cities
3597:. Retrieved
3592:
3573:. Retrieved
3568:
3551:. Retrieved
3547:the original
3542:
3494:
3474:
3454:. Broadway.
3451:
3434:
3411:
3390:
3373:
3353:
3333:
3314:
3295:
3273:
3253:
3233:
3213:
3187:
3168:
3148:
3128:
3108:
3088:
3079:
3060:
3040:
3014:
2987:
2952:
2948:
2928:
2906:
2884:
2874:
2855:
2835:
2815:
2808:Bibliography
2794:
2782:
2770:
2758:. Retrieved
2754:the original
2749:
2740:
2728:
2716:
2682:
2663:
2657:
2645:
2618:
2606:. Retrieved
2602:the original
2588:
2576:. Retrieved
2572:the original
2558:
2546:. Retrieved
2542:the original
2524:
2512:. Retrieved
2508:the original
2490:
2478:. Retrieved
2474:the original
2456:
2446:
2437:
2425:. Retrieved
2420:
2411:
2399:. Retrieved
2394:
2385:
2378:Karacas 2010
2373:
2361:
2337:
2325:
2320:, p. 1.
2313:
2301:
2289:
2277:
2265:
2253:
2241:. Retrieved
2237:
2217:Bradley 1999
2212:
2200:
2188:. Retrieved
2184:the original
2173:
2161:. Retrieved
2157:
2147:
2135:. Retrieved
2131:the original
2120:
2110:
2098:. Retrieved
2093:
2084:
2072:
2064:the original
2059:
2049:
2038:, retrieved
2034:the original
2025:
2015:
2007:the original
2002:
1989:
1982:Bradley 1999
1977:
1965:. Retrieved
1961:the original
1946:
1934:
1927:Bradley 1999
1922:
1915:Hopkins 2009
1910:
1901:
1897:
1887:
1875:
1863:. Retrieved
1853:
1847:
1835:
1823:. Retrieved
1819:the original
1809:
1797:
1790:Shapiro 2009
1785:
1773:. Retrieved
1762:
1750:. Retrieved
1747:The Atlantic
1746:
1736:
1727:
1710:
1705:
1696:
1690:
1647:
1638:
1630:
1618:Saburō Sakai
1592:Tokyo, Japan
1573:
1564:dive bombers
1562:, including
1557:
1537:Pumpkin bomb
1517:
1468:
1460:
1444:
1429:
1424:Taitō, Tokyo
1396:Joseph Dodge
1388:
1372:
1357:
1352:
1336:
1317:
1293:
1289:
1261:
1223:cluster bomb
1220:
1189:
1185:Curtis LeMay
1146:
1128:
1103:Soviet Union
1077:
1065:
1043:
1020:area bombing
1010:mounted the
1005:
993:
981:World War II
946:
944:
930:
929:
904:
884:
850:
817:
797:
792:Project Hula
777:Fort Stevens
706:
646:
639:
632:
520:Ocean Island
483:
473:Pearl Harbor
403:
375:
234:Meetinghouse
233:
227:
116:Belligerents
57:Part of the
44:
8509: /
8200:Bodenplatte
8086:Gothic Line
7312:West Africa
6859:Philippines
6838:Netherlands
6703:Czech lands
6641:Switzerland
6585:Afghanistan
6536:Philippines
6404:Puerto Rico
6320:Philippines
6306:New Zealand
6292:Netherlands
6245:Free France
5996:Prosecution
5797:Osoaviakhim
5667:West Africa
5651:East Africa
5298:Conferences
5131:Other areas
5092:Middle East
5065:(Sri Lanka)
4725:Pacific War
4597:Southampton
4512:Bournemouth
4334:Netherlands
4165:Alessandria
4105:Schweinfurt
4100:Saarbrücken
3945:Halberstadt
3905:Dietzenbach
3855:Baden-Baden
3599:12 December
3575:12 December
3276:. Penguin.
2992:. pp.
2760:31 December
2733:Polmar 2004
2608:22 November
2578:22 November
2548:22 November
2514:22 November
2480:22 November
2448:Japan Times
2417:"東京空襲犠牲者名簿"
2282:Tipton 2002
2258:Rhodes 1984
2238:Japan Focus
2205:Sherry 1987
2060:Japan Focus
1865:20 February
1840:Beevor 2012
1436:Sumida Ward
1414:for 80,000
1368:Knox Burger
1338:Japan Focus
1333:Mark Selden
1046:firebombing
975:during the
962:Tōkyō kūshū
947:bombing of
917:Mutanchiang
738:New Britain
454:Pacific War
406:(cancelled)
188:Pacific War
63:Pacific War
61:during the
32:Pacific War
8524:Categories
8300:West Hunan
8133:Pointblank
7469:Silver Fox
7455:Summer War
7208:Winter War
7187:Phoney War
6968:Azerbaijan
6929:Yugoslavia
6824:Luxembourg
6666:Resistance
6413:Yugoslavia
6278:Luxembourg
6080:Sook Ching
5876:War crimes
5478:Technology
5471:Opposition
5413:Lend-Lease
5390:Australian
5383:Home front
5341:Blitzkrieg
5291:Casualties
5282:Commanders
5254:Operations
5071:(Malaysia)
5059:(Thailand)
4940:Utsunomiya
4700:(Bulgaria)
4668:Hammerfest
4613:Yugoslavia
4582:Nottingham
4572:Manchester
4507:Birmingham
4459:Stalingrad
4361:Middelburg
4080:Peenemünde
4060:Nordhausen
4010:Königsberg
3975:Hildesheim
3890:Crailsheim
3804:Düsseldorf
3553:3 November
3543:ABC Online
3443:B0006WCQ86
3382:B000NGPMSQ
3262:B0006PGEIQ
3044:. Dutton.
2683:March 1945
2538:Kyodo News
2504:Kyodo News
2470:Kyodo News
2306:Crane 1993
2270:Kolko 1990
1670:References
1471:Shinzō Abe
1248:city wards
1229:-carrying
1215:Nihonbashi
1169:jet stream
1109:B-29 raids
1018:and urban
862:Sagami Bay
851:Starvation
733:New Guinea
387:Sagami Bay
376:Starvation
308:Utsunomiya
8365:Manchuria
8251:Indochina
8027:Bagration
7478:Lithuania
7123:Anschluss
6920:Viet Minh
6817:Lithuania
6759:Hong Kong
6529:Manchukuo
6484:Azad Hind
6143:Australia
5943:Aftermath
5806:Paperclip
5701:Aftermath
5501:Total war
5369:Diplomacy
5332:In Europe
5182:Fort Lamy
5148:Gibraltar
5008:Australia
4987:Singapore
4957:Yokkaichi
4950:June 1944
4930:Toyohashi
4850:Hiratsuka
4845:Hamamatsu
4792:Indonesia
4773:Hong Kong
4768:Chongqing
4712:(Croatia)
4706:(Austria)
4676:(Finland)
4664:(Ireland)
4658:(Hungary)
4635:Podgorica
4619:Belgrade
4592:Sheffield
4562:Liverpool
4532:Clydebank
4487:The Blitz
4449:Leningrad
4423:Bucharest
4381:The Hague
4356:Enkhuizen
4346:Eindhoven
4341:Amsterdam
4180:Benevento
4115:Stuttgart
4085:Pforzheim
4075:Paderborn
4070:Osnabrück
4065:Nuremberg
4035:Magdeburg
3995:Karlsruhe
3980:Innsbruck
3970:Heilbronn
3920:Frankfurt
3895:Darmstadt
3824:Wuppertal
3774:Battle of
3675:V-weapons
3665:Firestorm
2977:153372067
2721:Dorr 2012
1967:24 August
1698:homeless.
1648:42-108578
1639:42-108578
1631:42-108532
1403:Memorials
1366:, citing
1335:wrote in
1256:firestorm
1076:USS
1050:war crime
906:Kantokuen
813:Air raids
728:Australia
718:Coral Sea
612:Singapore
607:Hong Kong
323:Yokkaichi
313:Toyohashi
302:Hiratsuka
297:Hamamatsu
200:Air raids
8497:139°46′E
8476:Category
8425:document
8335:document
8192:Ardennes
8176:Budapest
8124:Crossbow
8002:Overlord
7841:Smolensk
7059:Timeline
6894:Slovakia
6880:Thailand
6731:Ethiopia
6696:Bulgaria
6620:Portugal
6558:Thailand
6440:Bulgaria
6218:Eswatini
6211:Ethiopia
6164:Bulgaria
5989:Unit 731
5950:Response
5767:Keelhaul
5717:Cold War
5690:Americas
5681:timeline
5674:Atlantic
5554:Theaters
5122:Tel Aviv
5041:Unalaska
4975:(Taiwan)
4966:Colonies
4935:Toyokawa
4915:Shizuoka
4804:Surabaya
4799:Sukabumi
4783:Shanghai
4745:Mandalay
4682:(Norway)
4674:Helsinki
4670:(Norway)
4656:Budapest
4640:Sarajevo
4587:Plymouth
4547:Greenock
4537:Coventry
4517:Brighton
4428:Ploiești
4366:Nijmegen
4351:Enschede
4230:Grosseto
4215:Frascati
4190:Cagliari
4145:Würzburg
4040:Mannheim
3965:Hannover
3885:Chemnitz
3845:Augsburg
3799:Duisburg
3794:Dortmund
3776:the Ruhr
3747:Le Havre
3587:(1986).
3472:(2010).
3294:(2007).
3272:(2001).
2907:Unbroken
2688:Archived
2421:東京都生活文化局
2190:8 August
2163:8 August
2137:8 August
2100:8 August
1825:25 March
1802:Ray 2003
1731:, p. 18.
1658:See also
1604:Yokosuka
1602:and the
1416:deceased
1412:Cenotaph
1394:such as
1296:Hirohito
1294:Emperor
1083:Yokohama
924:Chongjin
885:Downfall
823:Yokosuka
640:Tiderace
597:Thailand
404:Downfall
348:2nd Kure
343:Yokosuka
338:Kumagaya
333:Shizuoka
318:Toyokawa
257:1st Kure
99:Location
8494:35°41′N
8402:Shumshu
8169:Hungary
8116:Estonia
8100:Lapland
8078:Dragoon
8011:Neptune
7993:Ichi-Go
7959:Tempest
7901:Changde
7856:Cottage
7748:Jubilee
7464:Finland
7362:Compass
7068:Prelude
7021:Finland
6907:Vietnam
6873:Romania
6745:Germany
6724:Estonia
6710:Denmark
6689:Belgium
6682:Austria
6675:Albania
6606:Ireland
6592:Andorra
6576:Neutral
6543:Romania
6477:Hungary
6462:Finland
6334:Romania
6226:Finland
6204:Denmark
6150:Belgium
6136:Algeria
5842:Romania
5828:Hungary
5584:Pacific
5308:General
5262:Leaders
5247:Battles
5240:Outline
5138:Bahrain
5063:Colombo
5057:Bangkok
4973:Taihoku
4895:Okazaki
4875:Nagaoka
4835:Fukuoka
4778:Nanjing
4602:Swansea
4577:Norwich
4527:Cardiff
4522:Bristol
4502:Belfast
4470:Kingdom
4416:Romania
4397:Frampol
4320:Viterbo
4315:Vicenza
4300:Trieste
4295:Treviso
4265:Pescara
4260:Palermo
4240:Messina
4235:Livorno
4205:Ferrara
4200:Catania
4195:Cassino
4185:Bologna
4095:Rostock
4090:Potsdam
4050:Münster
4015:Leipzig
3955:Hamburg
3940:Giessen
3910:Dresden
3880:Breslau
3865:Bocholt
3819:Krefeld
3789:Cologne
3766:Germany
3726:Tallinn
3714:Estonia
3693:Denmark
3021:447–449
2957:Bibcode
2358:Publish
2344:at the
2243:18 July
2040:9 March
1775:13 June
1752:13 June
1578:of the
1568:Hellcat
1541:Fat Man
1278:Results
1268:Hamburg
1264:Dresden
1099:ditched
877:Shumshu
762:Ellwood
627:Vietnam
359:Battles
328:Okazaki
272:Fukuoka
217:Nagaoka
186:of the
106:, Japan
8379:Debate
8351:Taipei
8344:Borneo
7922:Tarawa
7116:Europe
7077:Africa
6866:Poland
6852:Norway
6831:Malaya
6810:Latvia
6752:Greece
6738:France
6634:Sweden
6599:Bhutan
6327:Poland
6313:Norway
6285:Mexico
6252:Greece
6238:France
6176:Canada
6157:Brazil
6127:Allies
6073:Serbia
6062:Poland
5835:Poland
5821:Baltic
5614:Europe
5316:Topics
5268:Allied
5143:Cyprus
5075:Manila
5020:Darwin
5015:Broome
4945:Yawata
4910:Sendai
4905:Rabaul
4890:Numazu
4880:Nagoya
4825:Aomori
4710:Zagreb
4704:Vienna
4686:Prague
4680:Namsos
4662:Dublin
4567:London
4542:Exeter
4468:United
4407:Wieluń
4402:Warsaw
4390:Poland
4310:Verona
4280:Rimini
4250:Naples
4210:Foggia
4170:Ancona
4110:Siegen
4055:Munich
4020:Lübeck
4000:Kassel
3900:Dessau
3875:Bremen
3860:Berlin
3840:Aachen
3784:Bochum
3735:France
3501:
3482:
3458:
3441:
3420:
3397:
3380:
3361:
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3321:
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3000:
2994:539–40
2975:
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2892:
2862:
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2598:47NEWS
2534:47NEWS
2500:47NEWS
2466:47NEWS
2427:7 June
2401:5 June
1861:. 1944
1600:Atsugi
1422:park,
1420:Sumida
1227:napalm
1155:under
1142:Tinian
1138:Saipan
1078:Hornet
1027:bomber
647:Zipper
633:Jurist
602:Malaya
561:Ceylon
495:Midway
287:Aomori
262:Sendai
242:Nagoya
222:Numazu
212:Yawata
141:
127:
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8155:Leyte
7985:Narva
7971:Anzio
7929:Makin
7887:Burma
7771:Torch
7740:Rzhev
7701:Kiska
6787:Korea
6773:Japan
6766:Italy
6648:Tibet
6627:Spain
6505:Italy
6266:Italy
6259:India
6183:China
6058:Japan
5658:Italy
5570:China
5522:Women
5153:Malta
5117:Jaffa
5112:Haifa
4920:Tokyo
4900:Osaka
4830:Fukui
4820:Akita
4813:Japan
4761:China
4733:Burma
4698:Sofia
4557:Leeds
4454:Minsk
4444:Gorky
4325:Zadar
4305:Turin
4290:Terni
4255:Padua
4245:Milan
4225:Gorla
4220:Genoa
4158:Italy
4140:Worms
4125:Wesel
4045:Moers
4030:Mainz
4005:Kleve
3960:Hanau
3950:Halle
3915:Emden
3809:Essen
3752:Royan
3721:Narva
3705:Rønne
2973:S2CID
2094:Wired
1999:(PDF)
1692:Wired
1608:IJNAS
1554:Other
1440:Tokyo
1087:China
1031:China
1000:Tokyo
949:Tokyo
818:Tokyo
806:Japan
723:Timor
282:Akita
267:Fukui
247:Osaka
228:Tokyo
144:Japan
104:Tokyo
8221:1945
7949:1944
7790:1943
7718:Blue
7708:Attu
7615:1942
7374:1941
7226:1940
7164:1939
7093:Asia
6940:POWs
6780:Jews
6498:Iraq
6424:Axis
6374:Tuva
6190:Cuba
5275:Axis
5175:Chad
5107:Acre
4885:Naha
4870:Kure
4865:Kōfu
4860:Kobe
4840:Gifu
4628:1944
4623:1941
4552:Hull
4497:Bath
4285:Rome
4270:Pisa
4175:Bari
3985:Jena
3742:Caen
3700:Nexø
3601:2006
3577:2006
3555:2006
3499:ISBN
3480:ISBN
3456:ISBN
3439:ASIN
3418:ISBN
3395:ISBN
3378:ASIN
3359:ISBN
3338:ISBN
3319:ISBN
3300:ISBN
3278:ISBN
3258:ASIN
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3065:ISBN
3046:ISBN
3025:ISBN
2998:ISBN
2934:ISBN
2913:ISBN
2890:ISBN
2860:ISBN
2841:ISBN
2820:ISBN
2762:2018
2610:2013
2580:2013
2550:2013
2516:2013
2482:2013
2429:2021
2403:2021
2366:岩波新書
2350:ISBN
2245:2015
2192:2011
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2042:2008
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1777:2019
1754:2019
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1192:Kobe
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1008:U.S.
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