69:
27:
150:
Finnish activists divided into "old" (no compromise on the language question and conservative nationalism) and "young" (liberation from Russia) Finns. The leading liberals were
Swedish-speaking intellectuals who called for more democracy; they became the radical leaders after 1880. The liberals organized for social democracy, labor unions, farm cooperatives, and women's rights.
163:
213:
The
Swedish elites after 1850 also promoted public festivals with patriotic themes, hoping to both instill nationalism and draw the Finnish-speaking peasants and workers away from socialist movements that downplayed nationalism. Team sports and rowing competitions became favorite attractions, and all the festivals began with speeches.
212:
Under
Russian rule there was a strong grass-roots informal people's enlightenment, based on the Society for the Advancement of Popular Education, run by Swedish elites. It promoted folk high schools teaching in Finnish and youth movements with lessons centered around patriotic and nationalist themes.
127:
153:
In 1892, Finnish finally became an equal official language and gained a status comparable to that of
Swedish. Nevertheless, the Swedish language continued to be the language of culture, arts and business into the 1920s. Legislation since 1922 gives Finnish and Swedish equal official status. By 2000,
236:
Independent
Finland used its postage stamps to help construct national narrative, a collective memory, and its self-image. Everyone used stamps routinely so it was an inexpensive way to reach the entire population with a popular heroic version of the national story. The stamps provided a simplified
117:
Nationalism was contested by the pro-Russian element and by the internationalism of the labor movement. The result was a tendency toward class conflict over nationalism, but in the early 1900s the working classes split into the Valpas (class struggle emphasis) and MĂ€kelin (nationalist emphasis).
216:
When independence came, the schools were redesigned to instill
Finnish nationalism. Jokela and Linkola (2013) examined the photographs in Finnish geography textbooks and tourist guides in the 1920s and conclude they were an integral part of the everyday teaching of nationalism. Finnish writers,
149:
In 1863, the
Finnish language gained an official position in administration. The language issue overlapped both liberalism and nationalism, and showed some a class conflict as well, with the peasants pitted against the conservative Swedish-speaking landowners and nobles. Complicating this, the
188:
in the 1830s. Snellman sought to apply philosophy to social action and moved the basis of
Finnish nationalism to establishment of the language in the schools, while remaining loyal to the czar. Fennomania became the Finnish Party in the 1860s.
141:
was spoken by about 15% of the population, especially the upper and middle classes. Swedish was the language of administration, public institutions, education and cultural lifeâonly the peasants spoke
Finnish. The emergence of
87:
starting in the 19th century. The
Finnish national awakening in the mid-19th century was the result of members of the Swedish-speaking upper classes deliberately choosing to promote Finnish culture and language as a means of
154:
Swedish was the first language of about 6% of the population, or 300,000 people. However, since the late 20th century there has been a steady migration of older, better-educated Swedish speakers to Sweden.
92:âi.e. to establish a feeling of unity between all people in Finland including (and not of least importance) between the ruling elite and the ruled peasantry. The publication in 1835 of the Finnish
180:
Movements toward Finnish national pride, as well as liberalism in politics and economics involved ethnic and class dimensions. The nationalist movement against Russia began with the
146:
to predominance resulted from a 19th-century surge of Finnish nationalism, aided by Russian bureaucrats attempting to separate Finns from Sweden and to ensure the Finns' loyalty.
839:
763:
526:
508:
Kantasalmi, Kari; Hake, Barry J. (December 1997). "Popular adult education in Finland 1890-1939: a critical reinterpretation of the 'people's enlightenment project'".
2254:
682:
Huttunen, Matti (2004), "The national composer and the idea of Finnishness: Sibelius and the formation of Finnish musical style", in Grimley, Daniel M. (ed.),
48:
387:
Hedberg, Charlotta; Kepsu, Kaisa (June 2003). "Migration as a mode of cultural expression? The case of the Finland-Swedish minority's migration to Sweden".
253:
Jussila, Osmo (January 1977). "Nationalism and revolution: Political dividing lines in the Grand Duchy of Finland during the last years of Russian rule".
432:
567:
217:
intellectuals and academics saw themselves as part of the authoritative system or "state idea" that represented the entire national territory.
229:(1865â1957) especially used traditional Finnish folk tunes as the basis of nationalistic compositions. Nationalist painters were for example
995:
539:
849:
Coleman, Michael C. (February 2010). "'You Might All Be Speaking Swedish Today': language change in 19th-century Finland and Ireland".
280:
Coleman, Michael C. (February 2010). "'You Might All Be Speaking Swedish Today': language change in 19th-century Finland and Ireland".
35:
618:
Jokela, Salla; Linkola, Hannu (September 2013). "'State idea' in the photographs of geography and tourism in Finland in the 1920s".
583:
Paksuniemi, Merja; Uusiautti, Satu; MÀÀttĂ€, Kaarina (February 2014). "Teacher education in Finland during the war years, 1939â45".
316:
1667:
917:
Liikanen, Ilkka (January 1988). "Light to our people: educational organization and the mobilization of fennomania in the 1870s".
836:
2881:
2500:
2470:
1572:
2495:
2420:
1212:
1176:
465:
Andrew Nestingen: Crime and Fantasy in Scandinavia: Fiction, Film and Social Change. University of Washington Press, 2008.
137:
Particularly following Finland's incorporation into the Swedish central administration during the 16th and 17th centuries,
443:
2661:
470:
172:(1806â1881), who also possessed the professions of philosopher, journalist and author, was one of the most influential
2197:
721:
693:
492:
988:
321:
2746:
2601:
1850:
1657:
2450:
2405:
1662:
1483:
818:
540:"Pre-modern games in a modern world: A case of public festivals as rational recreation in 19th century Finland"
737:
Raento, Pauliina; Brunn, Stanley D. (March 2008). "Picturing a nation: Finland on postage stamps, 1917â2000".
2851:
are listed above. This does not imply that all nationalists with a given ethnicity subscribe to that form of
2540:
2535:
2465:
2425:
2410:
2192:
2147:
1767:
1415:
683:
454:
319:[Nationalism, liberalism and democracy during the first period of the language conflict in Finland].
878:
Kissane, Bill (June 2000). "Nineteenth-century nationalism in Finland and Ireland: a comparative analysis".
2876:
2706:
2651:
2621:
2530:
2505:
2490:
2415:
2395:
1493:
1405:
1181:
775:
Raento, Pauliina (December 2006). "Communicating geopolitics through postage stamps: the case of Finland".
2525:
2162:
1385:
1335:
981:
2520:
2400:
1431:
1694:
1390:
816:
Alapuro, Risto (March 1979). "Nineteenth century nationalism in Finland: a comparative perspective".
2480:
2202:
949:
Territories, boundaries, and consciousness: The changing geographies of the Finnish-Russian boundary
564:
2797:
2455:
2259:
1171:
2239:
1711:
1615:
1526:
1441:
1320:
40:
2817:
1772:
483:
Lavery, Jason (2006), "The creation of autonomous Finland (1809â1890)", in Lavery, Jason (ed.),
225:
In the days of Russian rule, music and opera became vehicles for the expression of nationalism.
2187:
2077:
1855:
1819:
1701:
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169:
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551:
230:
700:
2716:
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2364:
2324:
2299:
2142:
2112:
2097:
2087:
2056:
2051:
2041:
2015:
1976:
1870:
1747:
1742:
1721:
1684:
1652:
1620:
1610:
1589:
1516:
1400:
1315:
1275:
1102:
1049:
8:
2766:
2646:
2440:
2379:
2344:
2249:
2107:
2072:
2036:
2031:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1940:
1886:
1834:
1824:
1757:
1726:
1679:
1584:
1500:
1473:
1436:
1363:
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1310:
1280:
1166:
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620:
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2802:
2555:
2435:
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2284:
2092:
2010:
1981:
1930:
1920:
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1860:
1794:
1784:
1762:
1716:
1594:
1562:
1478:
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1458:
1325:
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1097:
1087:
1082:
1061:
1044:
1004:
895:
866:
831:
792:
754:
655:
Everett, William A. (Spring 2002). "National opera in Croatia and Finland, 1846â1899".
637:
600:
404:
369:
330:
297:
130:
84:
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1986:
1935:
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1123:
899:
870:
796:
758:
717:
689:
641:
604:
488:
466:
408:
373:
352:
Latomaa, Sirkku; NuolijÀrvi, Pirkko (May 2002). "The language situation in Finland".
301:
181:
596:
421:
2741:
2550:
2430:
1945:
1925:
1541:
1536:
1468:
1448:
1342:
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1238:
1118:
1034:
926:
887:
858:
827:
784:
746:
664:
629:
592:
517:
396:
361:
289:
262:
143:
2721:
2691:
2216:
1625:
1531:
1368:
843:
633:
571:
317:"Nationalism, liberalism och demokrati under sprÄkstridens första skede i Finlan"
138:
107:
89:
73:
2771:
2676:
2656:
2224:
1373:
930:
891:
862:
788:
750:
365:
293:
266:
2870:
2319:
2314:
2269:
2264:
2244:
1567:
1243:
521:
226:
93:
400:
2848:
2736:
2586:
2349:
2334:
2304:
2274:
2234:
668:
237:
visual history of the evolution of the Finnish state, nation and society.
2807:
2776:
2756:
2636:
2591:
2545:
2374:
2359:
2354:
2289:
2229:
1706:
1579:
196:
111:
80:
199:, an association that seeks to promote Finnish nationalism was founded.
16:
Nationalistic ideology about the culture and ethnicity of Finnish people
2822:
2666:
2596:
1092:
1054:
2726:
2711:
2701:
2696:
2641:
2626:
1915:
1039:
973:
126:
176:
and perhaps one of the most internationally known Finnish statesmen.
2686:
2611:
2485:
2369:
173:
103:
98:
2751:
68:
2761:
2731:
2681:
2671:
2576:
2329:
2279:
1298:
1207:
688:, Cambridge New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 7â21,
166:
26:
2631:
2616:
2581:
2571:
162:
2781:
102:, a collection of traditional myths and legends which is the
444:
Prime Minister Vanhanen at the Celebration of J.V. Snellman
202:
940:
Conflict and compromise in multilingual societies: Finland
582:
910:
The nation as a zone of civil war in Finland and Ireland
192:
Liberalism was the central issue of the 1860s to 1880s.
714:
Sibelius a composer's life and the awakening of Finland
114:
that later led to Finland's independence from Russia.
455:
Five Facts That You Didnât Know About J.V. Snellman
351:
2868:
433:Snellman, the man who inspired Finns to be Finns
716:. Chicago London: University of Chicago Press.
507:
389:Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography
989:
617:
133:(1777â1852), a layman, led pietistic revivals
386:
736:
2847:: Forms of nationalism based primarily on
2491:Muslim Independence Movement (Philippines)
996:
982:
958:Folklore and nationalism in modern Finland
487:, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press,
964:
916:
681:
537:
203:Educating the Finns in national identity
161:
125:
76:, a sea-blue Nordic cross on white field
67:
51:of all important aspects of the article.
907:
877:
848:
815:
654:
279:
252:
2869:
2451:Galician independence movement (Spain)
1003:
955:
774:
482:
47:Please consider expanding the lead to
2501:Patani United Liberation Organisation
2471:Inner Mongolian independence movement
977:
946:
937:
2496:National Liberation Front of Corsica
2421:East Turkestan independence movement
711:
314:
20:
942:. Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
685:The Cambridge companion to Sibelius
422:Snellman, Johan Vilhelm (1806â1881)
354:Current Issues in Language Planning
157:
13:
832:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1979.tb00203.x
809:
14:
2893:
880:Nationalism & Ethnic Politics
951:. New York: J. Wiley & sons.
25:
2602:Basque Country (greater region)
2461:Guangdong Independence Movement
956:Wilson, William Albert (1976).
919:Scandinavian Journal of History
851:Scandinavian Journal of History
768:
730:
705:
675:
648:
611:
597:10.1179/0729247313Z.00000000029
576:
531:
501:
476:
459:
282:Scandinavian Journal of History
255:Scandinavian Journal of History
106:common to the Finns and to the
39:may be too short to adequately
2406:Assyrian independence movement
819:Scandinavian Political Studies
448:
437:
426:
415:
380:
345:
308:
273:
246:
49:provide an accessible overview
1:
2541:Vojvodina Autonomist Movement
2536:Tibetan independence movement
2466:Hawaiian sovereignty movement
2426:Faroese independence movement
2411:Catalan independence movement
967:Nationalism in modern Finland
965:Wuorinen, John Henry (1931).
240:
2882:Political history of Finland
2622:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
2531:Taiwan independence movement
2506:Ryukyu independence movement
2416:Champa independence movement
2396:Alsace independence movement
969:. Columbia University Press.
634:10.1080/14608944.2013.779644
184:led by Hegelian philosopher
7:
2486:Mapuche separatist movement
960:. Indiana University Press.
121:
83:was a central force in the
10:
2898:
2521:Silesian Autonomy Movement
2401:Assam separatist movements
1556:Northern & Middle Asia
938:McRae, Kenneth D. (1997).
712:Goss, Glenda Dawn (2009).
550:(4): 33â45. Archived from
207:
2838:
2790:
2564:
2526:Székely autonomy movement
2388:
2215:
2180:
2135:
2065:
2024:
2006:
1999:
1954:
1911:
1904:
1879:
1843:
1815:
1808:
1735:
1645:
1638:
1603:
1555:
1509:
1424:
1351:
1263:
1256:
1221:
1200:
1159:
1152:
1132:
1111:
1075:
1027:
1020:
1011:
931:10.1080/03468758808579159
892:10.1080/13537110008428594
863:10.1080/03468750903315215
789:10.1080/14650040600890750
751:10.1080/14608940701819777
366:10.1080/14664200208668040
329:: 357â368. Archived from
294:10.1080/03468750903315215
267:10.1080/03468757708578924
2456:Greenlandic independence
538:Keskinen, Lauri (2011).
522:10.1080/0046760970260402
220:
842:20 October 2016 at the
401:10.1111/1468-0467.00132
2481:MÄori protest movement
908:Kissane, Bill (2011).
904:(Covers 1820 to 1910.)
485:The history of Finland
186:Johan Vilhelm Snellman
177:
170:Johan Vilhelm Snellman
134:
77:
2511:Scottish independence
2476:Kashubian Association
2198:Indigenous Australian
947:Paasi, Anssi (1996).
570:20 April 2014 at the
231:Akseli Gallen-Kallela
165:
129:
71:
2717:Marathi Abhimaangeet
2516:Siberian regionalism
510:History of Education
315:Juva, Mikko (1961).
2877:Finnish nationalism
2808:American Indigenous
2441:Free Papua Movement
1851:Balkar and Karachay
1646:Southeastern Europe
1177:Indigenous Canadian
739:National Identities
669:10.1093/oq/18.2.183
621:National Identities
544:Kasvatus & Aika
322:Historisk Tidskrift
2853:ethnic nationalism
2556:Welsh independence
2436:Free Aceh Movement
1668:in North Macedonia
1510:South-eastern Asia
1005:Ethnic nationalism
178:
135:
131:Paavo Ruotsalainen
85:history of Finland
78:
2864:
2863:
2607:Catalan Countries
2211:
2210:
2176:
2175:
2131:
2130:
1995:
1994:
1900:
1899:
1634:
1633:
1252:
1251:
1148:
1147:
585:War & Society
182:Fennoman movement
66:
65:
2889:
2857:
2742:Republika Srpska
2551:Walloon Movement
2431:Flemish Movement
2004:
2003:
1909:
1908:
1813:
1812:
1643:
1642:
1261:
1260:
1157:
1156:
1025:
1024:
1018:
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998:
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554:on 20 April 2014
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261:(1â4): 289â309.
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158:Social movements
61:
58:
52:
29:
21:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2842:
2834:
2786:
2722:Northern Epirus
2692:Ketuanan Melayu
2560:
2446:Future of Ă
land
2384:
2320:Native American
2217:Pan-nationalism
2207:
2172:
2136:Northern Europe
2127:
2061:
2020:
2000:Southern Europe
1991:
1950:
1896:
1875:
1839:
1804:
1731:
1630:
1599:
1551:
1505:
1420:
1347:
1248:
1217:
1196:
1187:Native American
1144:
1133:Southern Africa
1128:
1107:
1071:
1013:
1007:
1002:
844:Wayback Machine
812:
810:Further reading
807:
773:
769:
735:
731:
724:
710:
706:
696:
680:
676:
657:Opera Quarterly
653:
649:
616:
612:
581:
577:
572:Wayback Machine
557:
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536:
532:
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502:
495:
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385:
381:
350:
346:
336:
334:
333:on 11 July 2020
313:
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160:
124:
108:Karelian people
90:nation building
74:Flag of Finland
62:
56:
53:
46:
34:This article's
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11:
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2677:Karakalpakstan
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2657:East Turkestan
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1955:United Kingdom
1952:
1951:
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1918:
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1906:
1905:Western Europe
1902:
1901:
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1877:
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1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1847:
1845:
1844:North Caucasus
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1809:Eastern Europe
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1739:
1737:
1736:Central Europe
1733:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1717:Romani (Gypsy)
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1649:
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1640:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1607:
1605:
1604:South Caucasus
1601:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1573:South Mongolia
1565:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1513:
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1507:
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1498:
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1466:
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1296:
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1198:
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1015:
1009:
1008:
1001:
1000:
993:
986:
978:
972:
971:
962:
953:
944:
935:
925:(4): 421â438.
914:
905:
875:
846:
811:
808:
806:
805:
783:(4): 601â629.
767:
729:
722:
704:
694:
674:
663:(2): 183â200.
647:
628:(3): 257â275.
610:
575:
530:
516:(4): 353â374.
500:
493:
475:
471:978-8763507936
458:
447:
436:
425:
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379:
344:
307:
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159:
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123:
120:
110:, stirred the
64:
63:
43:the key points
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2894:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2849:ethnic groups
2846:
2841:
2840:
2837:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2798:Local (China)
2796:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2783:
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2778:
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2662:Herzeg-Bosnia
2660:
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2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
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1998:
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1447:
1443:
1442:in Bangladesh
1440:
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1425:Southern Asia
1423:
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723:9780226304793
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695:9780521894609
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511:
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496:
494:9781567509823
490:
486:
479:
472:
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456:
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434:
429:
423:
418:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
383:
375:
371:
367:
363:
360:(2): 95â202.
359:
355:
348:
332:
328:
324:
323:
318:
311:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
276:
268:
264:
260:
256:
249:
245:
238:
234:
232:
228:
227:Jean Sibelius
218:
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155:
151:
147:
145:
140:
132:
128:
119:
115:
113:
109:
105:
101:
100:
95:
94:national epic
91:
86:
82:
75:
70:
60:
50:
44:
42:
37:
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
2844:
2843:
2772:Székely Land
2737:Pashtunistan
2587:Balawaristan
2360:South Slavic
2350:Scandinavian
2152:
1880:Volga Region
1494:in Sri Lanka
1352:Eastern Asia
1213:Puerto Rican
1028:North Africa
1012:Nationalisms
966:
957:
948:
939:
922:
918:
909:
886:(2): 25â42.
883:
879:
857:(1): 44â64.
854:
850:
826:(1): 19â29.
823:
817:
780:
776:
770:
745:(1): 49â75.
742:
738:
732:
713:
707:
684:
677:
660:
656:
650:
625:
619:
613:
591:(1): 12â25.
588:
584:
578:
556:. Retrieved
552:the original
547:
543:
533:
513:
509:
503:
484:
478:
461:
450:
439:
428:
417:
395:(2): 67â84.
392:
388:
382:
357:
353:
347:
335:. Retrieved
331:the original
326:
320:
310:
288:(1): 44â64.
285:
281:
275:
258:
254:
248:
235:
224:
215:
211:
194:
191:
179:
152:
148:
136:
116:
97:
79:
54:
38:
36:lead section
18:
2777:Tamil Eelam
2757:Saraikistan
2637:Hatay State
2592:Balochistan
2546:Wallmapuwen
2240:Bangladeshi
1712:Montenegrin
1616:Azerbaijani
1580:Pan-Turkism
1321:Palestinian
1264:Middle East
1172:Greenlandic
1076:East Africa
777:Geopolitics
337:22 February
197:Suomen Sisu
112:nationalism
81:Nationalism
2871:Categories
2823:Indigenous
2767:Sindhudesh
2747:Santa Cruz
2667:Hutu Power
2597:Bangsamoro
2188:Australian
2163:Lithuanian
2078:Andalusian
1856:Circassian
1820:Belarusian
1768:in Austria
1702:Macedonian
1658:in Albania
1547:Vietnamese
1381:Hongkonger
1374:chauvinist
1055:Pharaonism
837:Full text.
764:Full text.
527:Full text.
241:References
2727:Occitania
2712:Manchukuo
2702:Lezgistan
2697:Kurdistan
2642:Hazarajat
2627:Circassia
2389:Movements
2340:Pakistani
2315:Mongolian
2255:Congolese
2168:Norwegian
2158:Icelandic
2123:Valencian
2118:Navarrese
2103:Castilian
2083:Aragonese
2047:Sardinian
1830:Ukrainian
1800:Slovenian
1780:Hungarian
1695:in Cyprus
1675:Aromanian
1663:in Kosovo
1568:Mongolian
1484:Sinhalese
1454:Dravidian
1411:Taiwanese
1359:Cantonese
1336:in Cyprus
1306:Jordanian
1229:Argentine
1201:Caribbean
1192:Québécois
1140:Afrikaner
900:143599705
871:145122889
797:143964481
759:144868213
642:144049724
605:153853036
409:143049718
374:143288220
302:145122889
174:Fennomans
57:July 2019
41:summarize
2687:Katarism
2612:Chameria
2565:Projects
2370:Turanian
2365:Tunisian
2335:Oceanian
2325:Nigerian
2275:Hispanic
2270:Germanic
2260:European
2193:Hawaiian
2143:Estonian
2113:Galician
2098:Canarian
2088:Asturian
2057:Venetian
2052:Sicilian
2042:Padanian
2016:Corsican
1977:Scottish
1871:Ossetian
1790:Silesian
1773:Völkisch
1748:Bavarian
1743:Austrian
1722:Romanian
1707:Moldovan
1685:Croatian
1653:Albanian
1621:Georgian
1611:Armenian
1590:Siberian
1517:Filipino
1432:Assamese
1401:Okinawan
1386:Japanese
1316:Lebanese
1294:Diaspora
1276:Assyrian
1244:Peruvian
1153:Americas
1103:Tigrayan
1050:Egyptian
912:. Brill.
840:Archived
568:Archived
558:19 April
195:in 2000
122:Language
104:folklore
99:Kalevala
2762:Silesia
2732:Ossetia
2707:Luhansk
2682:Karelia
2672:Ilirida
2652:Donetsk
2577:Assyria
2380:Ugandan
2345:Russian
2290:Iranian
2280:Iberian
2250:Chinese
2225:African
2181:Oceania
2153:Finnish
2148:Faroese
2108:Catalan
2073:Spanish
2037:Lombard
2032:Italian
1972:English
1967:Cornish
1962:British
1946:Walloon
1941:Occitan
1926:Flemish
1916:Arpitan
1887:Chuvash
1835:Yiddish
1825:Russian
1758:Frisian
1727:Serbian
1680:Bosniak
1585:Pashtun
1501:Tripuri
1474:Punjabi
1437:Bengali
1416:Tibetan
1364:Chinese
1331:Turkish
1311:Kurdish
1299:Zionism
1290:Jewish
1281:Iranian
1239:Mapuche
1234:Criollo
1208:Haitian
1167:Chicano
1112:Nigeria
1067:Sahrawi
208:Schools
167:Senator
144:Finnish
139:Swedish
2818:German
2803:Racial
2647:Danzig
2632:Crimea
2617:Champa
2582:Azawad
2572:Arakan
2375:Turkic
2355:Slavic
2330:Nordic
2310:Libyan
2300:Korean
2285:Indian
2265:Finnic
2245:Celtic
2093:Basque
2011:Basque
1982:Ulster
1931:French
1921:Breton
1866:Lezgin
1861:Ingush
1795:Slovak
1785:Polish
1763:German
1639:Europe
1595:Uyghur
1563:Baloch
1479:Sindhi
1464:Meitei
1459:Hazara
1406:Ryukyu
1396:Manchu
1391:Korean
1326:Syrian
1182:Lakota
1098:Somali
1088:Amhara
1083:Acholi
1062:Kabyle
1045:Coptic
1040:Berber
1021:Africa
898:
869:
795:
757:
720:
701:online
692:
640:
603:
491:
469:
407:
372:
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1690:Greek
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