249:
476:
566:'s Andrew Marr show on 13 February 2009. His comments were that other regulatory bodies throughout the world, which had a variety of different structures and which are perceived either as heavy touch or light touch also failed to predict the economic collapse. In line with the other regulators, the FSA had failed intellectually by focusing too much on processes and procedures rather than looking at the bigger economic picture. In response as to why Sir James Crosby had been appointed deputy chairman when his bank
36:
3803:
3813:
645:, the FSA only successfully prosecuted two insider dealing cases, both involving defendants who did not contest the charges. Likewise, since 2001, the FSA only sought insider trading fines eight times against individuals and companies it regulated, despite the FSA's own studies indicating that unexplained price movements occur prior to around 25 percent of all UK
428:) and being paid initial and annual renewal commission by the fund provider to an outsourcing model: recommending that clients appoint a discretionary fund manager to manage the client's portfolio(s) and charging the client an annual oversight fee. A recent survey found that 89% of IFAs are considering outsourcing to discretionary managers as a result of RDR.
697:
cross-border regulation of banks. There were no further promises to improve consumer protection or to directly intervene against financial institutions who treat their customers badly. The review was reportedly met with widespread relief in the city of London where firms had feared a 'revolution' in the way that they would be regulated.
543:
It was announced in
November 2008, that despite self-acknowledged failures by the FSA in effectively regulating the financial services industry, FSA staff would receive bonuses. On 31 May 2008, The Times confirmed that FSA staff had received £20m in bonuses for 2008/09, a 40% increase on the previous
673:
The FSA was held by some observers to be weak and inactive in allowing irresponsible banking to precipitate the credit crunch which commenced in 2007, and which has involved the shrinking of the UK housing market, increasing unemployment (especially in the financial and building sectors), the public
443:
etc. The larger discretionary fund managers are finding it difficult to adapt their business models to cope with these changes, given that the small average portfolio size is better suited to multi-manager (portfolio of funds) solutions, via wrap platforms, when these fund managers tend to prefer to
383:
The RDR was expected to have a significant impact on the way in which financial services are delivered to retail investors in the UK. The primary delivery mechanism of financial services to retail customers was via approximately 30,000 financial intermediaries (FIs) who were authorised and regulated
371:
The FSA had a priority of making retail markets for financial products and services work more effectively, and so help retail consumers to get a fair deal. Over several years, the FSA developed work to raise levels of confidence and capability among consumers. From 2004, this work was described as a
320:
and came into force on 1 April 2013. The act created a new regulatory framework for financial services and abolished the FSA. Specifically, the Act gave the Bank of
England responsibility for financial stability, bringing together macro and micro prudential regulation, and created a new regulatory
696:
In March 2009, Lord Turner published a regulatory review of the global financial crisis. The review broadly acknowledges that 'light touch' regulation had failed and that the FSA should concentrate on macroeconomic regulation as well as scrutinising individual companies. The review also proposed
581:
On 17 April 2009, a whistleblower (former FSA employee) alleged that the FSA had turned a blind eye to the explosion in purchases of whole sale loans taken on by various UK building societies from 2005 onwards. The FSA denied the claims – "This is not whistleblowing, it is green ink" a spokesman
526:
The FSA was criticised in the final report of the
European Parliament's inquiry into the crisis of the Equitable Life Assurance Society. It is widely reported that the long-awaited Parliamentary Ombudsman's investigation into the government's handling of Equitable Life is equally scathing of the
404:
The combination of these factors was expected to significantly reduce the profitability of many FI practices. In anticipation of the new regulatory environment being enforced the industry landscape is undergoing significant change. Despite the fact that many in the industry are considered to be
652:
After the HBOS insider trading scandal, the FSA informed MPs on 6 May 2008 that they planned to crack down on inside trading more effectively and that the results of their efforts would be seen in 2008/09 On 22 June, the Daily
Telegraph reported that the FSA had wrapped up their case into HBOS
268:, who was the sole member of the company and who delegated certain statutory regulatory powers to it under the then Financial Services Act 1986. It had the legal form of a company limited by guarantee (number 01920623). After a series of scandals in the 1990s, culminating in the collapse of
284:
that replaced the earlier legislation and came into force on 1 December 2001. At that time the FSA also took over the role of the
Securities and Futures Authority (SFA) which had been a self-regulatory organisation responsible for supervising the trading in shares and futures in the UK.
539:
Although one of the prime responsibilities of the FSA was to protect consumers, the FSA was active in trying to ensure companies' anonymity when they were involved in misselling activity, preferring to side with the companies that have been found guilty rather than consumers.
608:
The Prime
Minister's criticisms were viewed as particularly surprising since the FSA's brand of light-touch financial regulation was typically popular with banks and financial institutions in comparison with the more prescriptive rules-based regulation employed by the US
338:
From 14 January 2005 the FSA also regulated the motor industry, applicable when insurance products were sold in conjunction with the vehicle purchase. This regulation, which covered around 5,000 motor dealers, focused heavily on the FSA's "Treating
Customers Fairly".
409:
Consolidators buying up small firms of FIs as a result of the higher qualifications threshold and downward pressures on profitability resulting from RDR – E&Y estimate that the number of
Registered Individuals will fall from 30,000 to 20,000 within the next 5
1267:
660:
On 29 July 2008, however, it was announced that the Police, acting on information supplied by the FSA, had arrested workers at UBS and JP Morgan
Cazenove for alleged insider dealing and that this was the third case within a week. A year after the
577:
on 25 February 2009, especially over failures to spot or act on reckless lending by banks before the crisis of 2008 occurred. He attributed much of the blame on the politicians at the time for pressuring the FSA into "light touch" regulation.
1307:
582:
said. "The allegations are a farrago of lies, distortions and half truths made by an obviously disgruntled former employee who clearly has an axe to grind. It does not paint a realistic picture of our supervision of building societies."
1413:
522:
Plc described themselves as inadequate. It was reported that to prevent such a situation occurring again, the FSA was considering allowing a bank to delay revealing to the public when it gets into financial difficulties.
2815:
379:
In June 2006, the FSA created its Retail
Distribution Review (RDR) programme which they maintained would enhance consumer confidence in the retail investment market. The RDR came into force on 31 December 2012.
498:
was CEO until the end of June 2012, having announced his resignation on 16 March 2012. The FSA was also provided with advice on the interests and concerns of consumers by the Financial Services Consumer Panel.
628:
was based on their violation of principle six of the FSA's Principles for Business, rather than requiring the use of the sort of complex technical regulations that many in financial services find burdensome.
1271:
348:
1678:
1311:
272:, there was a desire to bring to an end the self-regulation of the financial services industry and to consolidate regulatory responsibilities which had been split amongst multiple regulators.
3314:
620:
The FSA countered that its move away from rules-based regulation towards more principles-based regulation, far from weakening its consumer protection goals, could in fact strengthen them: "
613:
and by other European regulators; by contrast, most critiques of the FSA accused it of instigating a regulatory "race to the bottom" aimed at attracting foreign companies at the expense of
530:
The FSA ignored warning signals from Northern Rock building society and continued to allow the bank to operate without a risk mitigation programme for months before the bank's collapse.
2118:
1868:
1823:
1571:
830:
1421:
280:
The name of the Securities and Investments Board was changed to the Financial Services Authority on 28 October 1997 and it started to exercise statutory powers given to it by the
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2820:
2455:
653:
insider trading and no action would be taken. On 26 June, the HBOS chairman said that "There is a strong case for believing that the UK is exceptionally bad at dealing with
622:
Our Principles are rules. We can take enforcement action on the basis of them; we have already done so; and we intend increasingly to do so where it is appropriate to do so.
3847:
777:
570:
had been highlighted by the FSA as using risky lending practises, Lord Turner said that they had files on almost every financial institution indicating a degree of risk.
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2968:
2277:
3842:
3837:
2564:
731:
1650:
3773:
3584:
2539:
2511:
420:
IFAs are rapidly moving from the traditional investment solution for clients: recommending a portfolio of largely equity-oriented collective investment schemes (
1544:
3887:
2827:
2198:
1517:
1604:
894:
3877:
3705:
2005:
2480:
Lawrence A. Cunningham, A Prescription to Retire the Rhetoric of 'Principles-Based Systems' in Corporate Law, Securities Regulation and Accounting (2007)
1762:
1730:
1442:
1675:
3902:
3897:
3882:
597:
There were suggestions that the FSA stifled the UK financial services industry through over-regulation, following a leaked letter from Prime Minister
3857:
3852:
1400:
814:
3685:
721:
310:
194:
70:
460:
The Payment Services Regulations 2009 came into force on 1 November 2009 and shifted the onus onto the banks to prove negligence by the holder of
2303:
2024:
1127:
934:
2404:
2051:
1217:
3816:
3656:
1795:
850:
3631:
507:
The FSA rarely took on wider implication cases. For example, thousands of consumers have complained to the Financial Ombudsman Service about
313:
would carry out the prudential regulation of financial firms, including banks, investment banks, building societies and insurance companies.
674:
acquisition of Northern Rock in mid-February 2008, and the takeover of HBOS by Lloyds TSB. On 18 September 2008, the FSA announced a ban on
3668:
3561:
3358:
1031:
3651:
2504:
2115:
1865:
1820:
1693:
1581:
1454:
1244:
827:
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2594:
2450:
2093:
1333:
690:
1991:
Speech by SEC Chairman: 'The Hunters and the Stag': Why National Securities Regulators Must Collaborate In the Era of Global Investing
605:, then Chief Executive of the FSA, to formally write to the Prime Minister asking him to either explain his opinions or retract them.
248:
3892:
3626:
3496:
3118:
491:
431:
Several new entrants are making major in-roads into this market at the expense of the incumbent retail-oriented funds groups such as
355:
The Financial Services Act 2010, which was passed by Parliament on 8 April 2010, gave the FSA the additional statutory objective of "
1938:
1063:
3678:
3621:
3449:
2938:
2858:
2843:
1355:
20:
2800:
2795:
2646:
2281:
2134:
638:
281:
868:
3806:
3353:
3343:
3328:
3263:
2760:
2695:
2497:
3715:
3710:
3636:
2911:
1195:
1293:
3611:
3528:
2153:
1110:
3700:
3616:
3469:
1958:
394:
Commission-bias is removed from the system and recommendations made by advisers are not influenced by product providers.
3646:
3297:
3285:
3241:
2755:
2355:
2255:
610:
189:, abolishing the FSA with effect from 1 April 2013. Its responsibilities were then split between two new agencies: the
3474:
2461:
1476:
1089:
400:
All investment advisers will be qualified to a new, higher level, regarded as equivalent to the first year of a degree
3758:
3661:
3606:
3385:
3368:
3338:
3103:
2953:
2616:
2611:
1443:
FSA: The Banking Conduct Regime and the Banking Conduct of Business sourcebook (BCOBS), in force from 1 November 2009
174:
2790:
1548:
3594:
3373:
2653:
2206:
1174:
1612:
1521:
3748:
3695:
3556:
3501:
3333:
3236:
2715:
2663:
2589:
2002:
301:, announced plans to abolish the FSA and separate its responsibilities between a number of new agencies and the
3862:
3768:
3673:
3579:
3432:
3280:
3268:
3189:
2675:
264:
The Securities and Investments Board Ltd ("SIB") was incorporated on 7 June 1985 at the instigation of the UK
1769:
1737:
417:– incumbent fund supermarkets and Life Assurance Companies are in response launching their own Wrap Platforms.
3690:
3599:
3538:
3464:
3251:
3231:
3010:
2534:
2520:
781:
751:
475:
425:
805:
3753:
3574:
3437:
3415:
3395:
3324:
3246:
3123:
3113:
3108:
2780:
2745:
2601:
2229:
625:
508:
167:
2451:
European Parliament Temporary Committee of Inquiry into the Crisis of the Equitable Life Assurance Society
1956:
Freedom of Information request for disclosure of the letter from Sir Callum McCarthy to the Prime Minister
533:
Despite heavily criticising split-cap investment trusts, in 2007 it suddenly abandoned its investigation.
384:
by the FSA. They were expected to bear the brunt of the force of the RDR. The key elements of RDR were:
3589:
3569:
3410:
3273:
3055:
2958:
2668:
2641:
2621:
1634:
Final report of the European Parliament's inquiry into the crisis of the Equitable Life Assurance Society
711:
306:
294:
265:
190:
182:
178:
147:
74:
1912:
3788:
3400:
2606:
2413:
2042:
479:
322:
223:. When acting as the competent authority for listing of shares on a stock exchange and maintaining the
205:
2307:
2021:
1494:
1131:
665:
had made global headlines, the FSA levied a record £900,000 on an IFA for selling subprime mortgages.
3420:
3258:
3194:
3184:
3179:
1711:
1518:"Case for OFT investigation into payment protection insurance now overwhelming, says Citizens Advice"
574:
309:
would be responsible for policing the financial activities of the City and the banking system. A new
2072:
585:
On 18 August 2012, the Treasury Select Committee criticised the FSA for its poor enforcement of the
19:
This article is about Financial Services Authority in the United Kingdom. For FSA in Indonesia, see
2685:
1633:
1376:
716:
685:
for banks was lax relative to some other countries. For example, it was reported that Australia's
662:
1572:"The FSA Northern Rock report: condemned in its own words, the regulator that missed the collapse"
518:
The FSA in an internal report into the handling of the collapse in confidence of customers of the
405:
poorly prepared for the changes coming into effect, The most significant identifiable trends are:
3093:
2680:
2631:
2878:
1840:
3778:
2485:
Cristie L. Ford, New Governance, Compliance, and Principles-Based Securities Regulation (2007)
1038:
1885:
987:
3533:
3523:
3290:
3138:
3005:
2983:
2916:
2720:
2626:
726:
2090:
3872:
3513:
3506:
3161:
3098:
3070:
3045:
3040:
3015:
2973:
2775:
2730:
2725:
2554:
706:
440:
373:
143:
357:
Contributing to the protection and enhancement of the stability of the UK financial system
181:
decided to restructure financial regulation and abolish the FSA. On 19 December 2012, the
8:
3133:
3088:
3080:
3025:
2933:
2868:
2559:
1636:
1067:
1009:
693:, but this would be measured as 10.1% if the bank was under the jurisdiction of the FSA.
682:
614:
139:
1990:
3209:
3199:
3166:
3065:
3035:
2928:
2903:
2863:
654:
637:
The FSA was criticised for its supposedly weak enforcement program. For example, while
562:
Lord Adair Turner, the then FSA chairman, defended the actions of the regulator on the
253:
212:
was CEO until the end of June 2012, having announced his resignation on 16 March 2012.
95:
397:
Investors know up-front how much advice is going to cost and how they will pay for it.
347:
2978:
2948:
2444:
2380:
2171:
872:
686:
624:" As an example, the enforcement action taken in late 2006 against firms mis-selling
3763:
3204:
3153:
2963:
2943:
646:
548:
3491:
2473:
2467:
2329:
1974:
3459:
3380:
2785:
2750:
2740:
2710:
2584:
2230:"UK is weak on tackling white collar crime and short sellers, says HBOS chairman"
2157:
2122:
2097:
2028:
2009:
1962:
1872:
1827:
1682:
965:
834:
642:
602:
302:
198:
2489:
2150:
1838:
3486:
3030:
2770:
2658:
2549:
2544:
2138:
1153:
515:. This was despite determining that there was a problem in the selling of PPI.
298:
151:
35:
1955:
391:
People can clearly identify and understand the service they are being offered.
3831:
3363:
3143:
2921:
2873:
2853:
2765:
1716:
675:
552:
519:
449:
224:
3390:
170:
and was funded entirely by fees charged to the financial services industry.
3481:
3128:
3000:
2439:
2102:
2077:
1480:
495:
414:
325:, the Prudential Regulation Authority and the Financial Conduct Authority.
317:
269:
257:
216:
209:
186:
166:, although it operated independently of government. It was structured as a
118:
916:
3172:
3020:
2995:
2988:
2809:
2636:
678:
to reduce volatility in difficult markets lasting until 16 January 2009.
536:
There were also some questions raised about the competence of FSA staff.
512:
487:
163:
2848:
2381:"The Turner Review: A regulatory response to the global banking crisis"
1414:"Card fraud: banks now have to prove your guilt, 12 February 2010"
598:
461:
421:
2012:
Clive Briault, managing director for Retail Markets, FSA, 24 July 2006
1651:"Government disputes order to pay billions to Equitable policyholders"
1455:"FSA chairman Lord Turner: we got it wrong but we'll keep our bonuses"
388:
Independent advice is truly independent and reflects investors’ needs.
2735:
1839:
Graeme Wearden, Simon Bowers and Deborah Summers (11 February 2009).
1698:
1576:
1401:
FSA: Payment Services Regulations 2009, in force from 1 November 2009
432:
220:
1913:"Building societies face awful truth about boom-time spending spree"
1866:
FSA chairman Lord Turner: we got it wrong but we'll keep our bonuses
2484:
2479:
1377:"FG22/5 Final non-Handbook Guidance for firms on the Consumer Duty"
436:
755:
668:
3783:
2306:. Financial Services Authority. 18 September 2008. Archived from
2022:
FSA fines home shopping company £270,000 for PPI selling failures
1910:
935:"U.K. Scraps FSA in Biggest Bank Regulation Overhaul Since! 1997"
689:
is measured as having 7.6% Tier 1 capital under the rules of the
1796:"FSA staff will get bonuses despite overseeing financial crisis"
802:
2805:
555:, Paul Moore, who had warned of dangerous lending practices at
2135:
FSA Struggles With Insider Trading That Doesn't Happen in U.K.
2003:
Treating Customers Fairly and more principles based regulation
1605:"FSA unveils plans for banks to seek secret emergency funding"
3518:
586:
316:
On 19 December 2012 the Financial Services Act 2012 received
1542:
173:
Due to perceived regulatory failure of the banks during the
567:
556:
2227:
1064:"Retail Distribution Review, Financial Services Authority"
1978:
828:
Lord Turner confirmed chairman of FSA in its hour of need
563:
732:
List of financial regulatory authorities by jurisdiction
1694:
FSA ends split-cap scandal investigation with no scalps
1268:"Saltus-portfolios-witness-increase-in-IFA-outsourcing"
467:
On the same date the Banking Conduct Regime commenced.
3868:
Financial regulatory authorities of the United Kingdom
2304:"FSA statement on short positions in financial stocks"
1536:
1509:
490:. At the time of abolition its executive chairman was
1515:
1308:"Multi-managers to prosper at expense of fund groups"
2356:"Boyd, Tony, "A Capital Idea", 21 October 2008"
2172:"We'll crack down on insider dealing, FSA tells MPs"
3848:
Financial services companies disestablished in 2013
1911:Patrick Collinson and Tony Levene (17 April 2009).
1642:
592:
551:resigned after it was revealed that he had fired a
2412:
2041:
1495:"FSA update on payment protection insurance (PPI)"
804:
3497:Glasgow International Financial Services District
2519:
2190:
1787:
1763:"MODEL DECISION NOTICE AND ADVICE] Version 3"
1731:"MODEL DECISION NOTICE AND ADVICE] Version 3"
1596:
1405:
1218:"should-you-outsource-your-investment-management"
1111:"Concise-Guide-to-the-Retail-Distribution-Review"
803:George Parker and Brooke Masters (16 June 2010).
3843:Financial services companies established in 2001
3838:Financial services companies established in 1985
3829:
2221:
2163:
1904:
1877:
1832:
1676:FSA allowed Northern Rock to keep breaking rules
1543:Citizens Advice Press office (19 October 2006).
464:and credit cards in cases of disputed payments.
444:retain custody and investing in direct equities.
2462:Telegraph: Nationalising Northern Rock is right
2256:"Eight arrested in FSA insider dealing inquiry"
1821:Bank watchdog ‘failures’ pocket £20m in bonuses
966:"Financial Services Bill receives Royal Assent"
669:Actions relating to the 2007—2009 credit crisis
559:when he had been in charge of risk regulation.
482:, Chairman of the Financial Services Authority.
2043:"'London loophole' leaves US at odds with FSA"
1477:"Financial Services Consumer Panel – Our work"
1066:. Fsa.gov.uk. 17 February 2009. Archived from
321:structure consisting of the Bank of England's
2505:
2116:Law and the Market: the Impact of Enforcement
1545:"Citizens Advice urges swifter action on PPI"
1196:"Pension Age article on Wrap Platform Growth"
1090:"Evidence submitted to parliamentary enquiry"
486:The FSA was governed by a Board appointed by
154:between 2001 and 2013. It was founded as the
3888:2013 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
2456:The Herald: Northern Rock to be nationalised
2169:
3878:Defunct public bodies of the United Kingdom
2474:BBC News: FSA under fire after Blair speech
2468:BBC News: City watchdog revises probe rules
2322:
2278:"FSA levies record sub-prime fine on Thinc"
2228:Phillip Inman in Edinburgh (27 June 2008).
1487:
960:
958:
956:
848:
2512:
2498:
2397:
2034:
1939:"TSC slams FSA over role in Libor scandal"
1382:. Financial Conduct Authority. 1 July 2002
691:Australian Prudential Regulation Authority
547:On 11 February 2009, FSA deputy chairman,
162:) in 1985. Its board was appointed by the
3903:1985 establishments in the United Kingdom
3898:Consumer protection in the United Kingdom
3883:2001 establishments in the United Kingdom
1602:
1516:Your name: (required) (4 November 2005).
796:
3858:Defunct financial regulatory authorities
3853:Financial services in the United Kingdom
2405:"City relief as Turner shuns revolution"
2196:
953:
573:Turner faced further criticism from the
474:
346:
247:
21:Financial Services Authority (Indonesia)
2806:2020 Withdrawal from the European Union
2746:Second Industrial Revolution 1860s–1914
1883:
1547:. Citizensadvice.org.uk. Archived from
1520:. Citizensadvice.org.uk. Archived from
806:"Osborne abolishes FSA and boosts Bank"
681:Certainly, the FSA's implementation of
342:
282:Financial Services and Markets Act 2000
3830:
1793:
928:
926:
844:
842:
817:from the original on 10 December 2022.
2493:
2054:from the original on 10 December 2022
1648:
1603:Griffiths, Katherine (22 July 2008).
1411:
448:In July 2022, the FCA introduced new
3812:
3529:London Platinum and Palladium Market
2445:HBOS whistleblower concerns over FSA
2199:"FSA admits defeat after HBOS probe"
1569:
1353:
1154:"Article referring to Defaqto study"
988:"Treating Customers Fairly web page"
632:
1841:"Sir James Crosby resigns from FSA"
1294:"Boutiques come out of the shadows"
923:
851:"FSA chief exec Hector Sants quits"
839:
455:
366:
13:
2330:"FSA introduces short-selling ban"
1884:Pratley, Nils (26 February 2009).
1412:Evans, Richard (15 October 2009).
1265:
1175:"Ernst & Young industry study"
611:Securities and Exchange Commission
413:IFAs are embracing the concept of
14:
3914:
3759:Confederation of British Industry
2954:Expansion plans for Milton Keynes
2617:Department for Business and Trade
2612:Competition and Markets Authority
2433:
1886:"Past failings catch up with FSA"
1794:Kirkup, James (3 November 2008).
1570:Seib, Christine (27 March 2008).
1334:"Discretionary Manager Directory"
219:, London, with another office in
3893:Regulators of the United Kingdom
3811:
3802:
3801:
2654:Office for Budget Responsibility
2091:FSA chiefs hit back at criticism
1242:
932:
780:. NDS.coi.gov.uk. Archived from
593:More principles-based regulation
156:Securities and Investments Board
34:
16:2001–2013 UK quasi-judicial body
2590:Governor of the Bank of England
2411:. 18 March 2009. Archived from
2373:
2348:
2296:
2270:
2248:
2197:Kleinman, Mark (22 June 2008).
2144:
2128:
2109:
2084:
2066:
2015:
1996:
1984:
1975:FTSE firms will 'keep UK rules'
1968:
1949:
1931:
1859:
1814:
1755:
1723:
1705:
1687:
1669:
1627:
1563:
1469:
1447:
1436:
1394:
1369:
1347:
1326:
1300:
1286:
1259:
1236:
1210:
1188:
1167:
1146:
1120:
1103:
1082:
1056:
1024:
1002:
980:
968:. HM Treasury. 19 December 2012
919:. Financial Services Authority.
722:Prudential Regulation Authority
601:during 2005. This incident led
470:
311:Prudential Regulation Authority
195:Prudential Regulation Authority
71:Prudential Regulation Authority
3769:Federation of Small Businesses
1128:"Study by Plimsoll Consulting"
909:
887:
861:
821:
770:
744:
372:national strategy on building
1:
3539:Alternative Investment Market
3519:London Interbank Offered Rate
3475:List of UK building societies
2521:Economy of the United Kingdom
1649:Daley, James (17 July 2008).
1497:. Fsa.gov.uk. 4 November 2005
1354:Holt, Natalie (2 June 2011).
1010:"Financial Services Act 2010"
737:
502:
328:
175:financial crisis of 2007–2008
3754:British Chambers of Commerce
3749:British Bankers' Association
2151:Measuring Market Cleanliness
1457:. Business.timesonline.co.uk
1270:. FT Adviser. Archived from
871:. FSA.gov.uk. Archived from
754:. FSA.gov.uk. Archived from
626:payment protection insurance
527:FSA's handling of this case
509:payment protection insurance
288:
227:, it was referred to as the
168:company limited by guarantee
132:Financial Services Authority
29:Financial Services Authority
7:
2642:Chancellor of the Exchequer
2622:Financial Conduct Authority
2170:Jill Treanor (6 May 2008).
897:. FT Adviser. 23 March 2012
712:Financial Conduct Authority
700:
307:Financial Conduct Authority
295:Chancellor of the Exchequer
266:Chancellor of the Exchequer
208:was the FSA's chairman and
191:Financial Conduct Authority
183:Financial Services Act 2012
148:financial services industry
75:Financial Conduct Authority
10:
3921:
3789:UK Payments Administration
2741:New Imperialism 1830s–1945
2565:Government-owned companies
2073:How can this still happen?
323:Financial Policy Committee
238:
206:Lord Turner of Ecchinswell
18:
3797:
3732:
3549:
3448:
3313:
3306:
3222:
3152:
3079:
3054:
2902:
2891:
2864:National champions policy
2859:Recessions and recoveries
2836:
2776:1979 Winter of Discontent
2711:1659–1849 Navigation Acts
2703:
2694:
2686:UK Trade & Investment
2595:Monetary Policy Committee
2573:
2527:
2156:27 September 2007 at the
1961:27 September 2007 at the
1681:23 September 2008 at the
1245:"saltus-gets-set-for-rdr"
833:23 September 2008 at the
575:Treasury Select Committee
111:
103:
91:
83:
63:
55:
47:
42:
33:
2801:2009 bank rescue package
2796:2008 bank rescue package
2761:1929–39 Great Depression
2632:HM Revenue & Customs
2540:Employee-owned companies
2205:. London. Archived from
2008:14 February 2007 at the
1611:. London. Archived from
1420:. London. Archived from
895:"50 years of regulation"
717:ORRF Risk Research Forum
663:subprime mortgage crisis
333:
260:, London) – FSA building
2969:List of counties by GVA
2751:1873–79 Long Depression
2716:Agricultural Revolution
2681:UK Statistics Authority
2096:31 October 2007 at the
1712:Regulator, heal thyself
215:Its main office was in
3779:Institute of Directors
3744:Business organisations
3669:Science and technology
3562:International students
3274:Working Time Directive
2647:Debt Management Office
2027:6 January 2007 at the
1356:"IFAs Still in Denial"
939:Bloomberg BusinessWeek
483:
352:
351:25 The North Colonnade
275:
261:
243:
99:London, United Kingdom
3863:Quasi-judicial bodies
3774:Industry trade groups
3534:London Stock Exchange
3524:London Metal Exchange
3291:Trades Union Congress
2984:East London Tech City
2828:Cost-of-living crisis
2766:1948–52 Marshall Plan
2721:Industrial Revolution
2121:28 March 2007 at the
2031:FSA, 20 December 2006
727:Securities commission
478:
350:
293:On 16 June 2010, the
251:
204:Until its abolition,
3568:Entertainment &
2791:Late-2000s recession
2786:1992 Black Wednesday
2726:Financial Revolution
2555:FTSE Fledgling Index
2440:Money Advice Service
2125:, John C. Coffee Jnr
1943:moneymarketing.co.uk
1871:12 June 2011 at the
1826:12 June 2011 at the
1584:on 23 September 2008
1012:. Legislation.gov.uk
707:Financial regulation
683:capital requirements
589:rate setting rules.
441:Fidelity Investments
374:financial capability
343:Statutory objectives
229:UK Listing Authority
142:accountable for the
3264:Equal opportunities
2869:Economic liberalism
2771:1974 Three-Day Week
2756:1926 general strike
2560:FTSE SmallCap Index
2417:on 10 December 2022
2336:. 19 September 2008
2203:The Daily Telegraph
1800:The Daily Telegraph
1637:European Parliament
1609:The Daily Telegraph
1418:The Daily Telegraph
615:consumer protection
140:quasi-judicial body
30:
3679:Telecommunications
2844:Economic geography
2360:Business Spectator
1965:. FSA, 29 May 2007
1424:on 21 October 2009
758:on 17 October 2015
655:white-collar crime
484:
359:" and removed the
353:
262:
254:25 North Colonnade
96:25 North Colonnade
64:Superseding agency
28:
3825:
3824:
3728:
3727:
3507:Lloyd's of London
3218:
3217:
3190:Industrialisation
3104:Industrialisation
2887:
2886:
2816:COVID-19 pandemic
2736:1815–46 Corn Laws
2160:, FSA, March 2006
2081:, 18 January 2003
1945:. 18 August 2012.
1720:, 20 January 2005
1274:on 3 October 2011
1266:Girard, Simoney.
855:New Model Adviser
849:Michelle Abrego.
687:Commonwealth Bank
633:Enforcement cases
128:
127:
3910:
3815:
3814:
3805:
3804:
3764:Co-operatives UK
3354:Hydroelectricity
3329:Renewable energy
3311:
3310:
3195:Renewable energy
3176:
3124:Renewable energy
2912:Atlantic Gateway
2900:
2899:
2731:Panic of 1796–97
2701:
2700:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2491:
2490:
2464:18 February 2008
2458:18 February 2008
2447:10 February 2009
2427:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2416:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2385:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2280:. Archived from
2274:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2167:
2161:
2148:
2142:
2132:
2126:
2113:
2107:
2088:
2082:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2045:
2038:
2032:
2019:
2013:
2000:
1994:
1993:16 November 2006
1988:
1982:
1972:
1966:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1881:
1875:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1836:
1830:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1774:
1768:. Archived from
1767:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1742:
1736:. Archived from
1735:
1727:
1721:
1709:
1703:
1691:
1685:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1646:
1640:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1580:. Archived from
1567:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1483:on 3 April 2008.
1479:. Archived from
1473:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1451:
1445:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1409:
1403:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1381:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1310:. Archived from
1304:
1298:
1297:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1247:. Wealth Manager
1243:Levy, Danielle.
1240:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1130:. Archived from
1124:
1118:
1117:
1116:. EA Consulting.
1115:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1070:on 1 August 2011
1060:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1044:on 2 August 2011
1043:
1037:. Archived from
1036:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1006:
1000:
999:
997:
995:
984:
978:
977:
975:
973:
962:
951:
950:
948:
946:
930:
921:
920:
913:
907:
906:
904:
902:
891:
885:
884:
882:
880:
865:
859:
858:
846:
837:
825:
819:
818:
808:
800:
794:
793:
791:
789:
784:on 26 March 2009
778:"NDS.coi.gov.uk"
774:
768:
767:
765:
763:
748:
647:corporate merger
549:Sir James Crosby
456:2009 regulations
367:Retail consumers
361:public awareness
252:Main entrance –
112:Agency executive
38:
31:
27:
3920:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3907:
3828:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3793:
3736:
3734:
3724:
3632:Pharmaceuticals
3545:
3460:Baltic Exchange
3451:
3444:
3316:
3302:
3224:
3214:
3170:
3148:
3075:
3057:
3050:
2895:
2893:
2883:
2879:Nationalisation
2832:
2690:
2585:Bank of England
2577:
2575:
2569:
2523:
2518:
2436:
2431:
2430:
2420:
2418:
2409:Financial Times
2403:
2402:
2398:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2364:
2362:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2339:
2337:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2313:
2311:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2287:
2285:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2261:
2259:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2239:
2237:
2226:
2222:
2212:
2210:
2209:on 24 June 2008
2195:
2191:
2181:
2179:
2168:
2164:
2158:Wayback Machine
2149:
2145:
2133:
2129:
2123:Wayback Machine
2114:
2110:
2106:, 12 March 2003
2098:Wayback Machine
2089:
2085:
2071:
2067:
2057:
2055:
2050:. 7 July 2008.
2048:Financial Times
2040:
2039:
2035:
2029:Wayback Machine
2020:
2016:
2010:Wayback Machine
2001:
1997:
1989:
1985:
1973:
1969:
1963:Wayback Machine
1954:
1950:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1922:
1920:
1909:
1905:
1895:
1893:
1882:
1878:
1873:Wayback Machine
1864:
1860:
1850:
1848:
1837:
1833:
1828:Wayback Machine
1819:
1815:
1805:
1803:
1792:
1788:
1778:
1776:
1775:on 25 July 2011
1772:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1746:
1744:
1743:on 25 July 2011
1740:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1710:
1706:
1692:
1688:
1683:Wayback Machine
1674:
1670:
1660:
1658:
1655:The Independent
1647:
1643:
1632:
1628:
1618:
1616:
1615:on 22 July 2008
1601:
1597:
1587:
1585:
1568:
1564:
1554:
1552:
1551:on 16 July 2011
1541:
1537:
1527:
1525:
1524:on 16 July 2011
1514:
1510:
1500:
1498:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1460:
1458:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1441:
1437:
1427:
1425:
1410:
1406:
1399:
1395:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1360:
1358:
1352:
1348:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1317:
1315:
1314:on 18 June 2011
1306:
1305:
1301:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1277:
1275:
1264:
1260:
1250:
1248:
1241:
1237:
1227:
1225:
1222:Money Marketing
1216:
1215:
1211:
1201:
1199:
1198:. 4 August 2009
1194:
1193:
1189:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1137:
1135:
1134:on 7 April 2011
1126:
1125:
1121:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1073:
1071:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1015:
1013:
1008:
1007:
1003:
993:
991:
986:
985:
981:
971:
969:
964:
963:
954:
944:
942:
933:Vina, Gonzalo.
931:
924:
915:
914:
910:
900:
898:
893:
892:
888:
878:
876:
875:on 13 June 2011
867:
866:
862:
847:
840:
835:Wayback Machine
826:
822:
811:Financial Times
801:
797:
787:
785:
776:
775:
771:
761:
759:
750:
749:
745:
740:
703:
671:
649:announcements.
643:insider trading
635:
603:Callum McCarthy
595:
505:
473:
458:
369:
345:
336:
331:
303:Bank of England
291:
278:
246:
241:
199:Bank of England
124:
98:
79:
43:Agency overview
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3918:
3917:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
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3795:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3740:
3738:
3730:
3729:
3726:
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3723:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3703:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3682:
3681:
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3666:
3665:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3641:
3640:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3614:
3612:Legal services
3609:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3553:
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3543:
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3516:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3499:
3494:
3492:Euronext.liffe
3489:
3484:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3472:
3462:
3456:
3454:
3446:
3445:
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3425:
3424:
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3418:
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3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
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3308:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3300:
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3283:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3244:
3239:
3237:Businesspeople
3234:
3228:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3213:
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3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3164:
3158:
3156:
3150:
3149:
3147:
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3141:
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3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
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3083:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3062:
3060:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3031:Thames Gateway
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
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2998:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
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2931:
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2925:
2924:
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2908:
2906:
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2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
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2846:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2813:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
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2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2707:
2705:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2659:Pound sterling
2656:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2581:
2579:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2550:FTSE 250 Index
2547:
2545:FTSE 100 Index
2542:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2524:
2517:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2471:
2465:
2459:
2453:
2448:
2442:
2435:
2434:External links
2432:
2429:
2428:
2396:
2372:
2347:
2321:
2310:on 8 June 2017
2295:
2284:on 8 July 2012
2269:
2247:
2220:
2189:
2162:
2143:
2141:, 11 June 2007
2127:
2108:
2083:
2065:
2033:
2014:
1995:
1983:
1981:, 12 June 2006
1967:
1948:
1930:
1903:
1876:
1858:
1831:
1813:
1786:
1754:
1722:
1704:
1686:
1668:
1641:
1626:
1595:
1562:
1535:
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1486:
1468:
1446:
1435:
1404:
1393:
1368:
1346:
1325:
1299:
1285:
1258:
1235:
1224:. 5 April 2011
1209:
1187:
1166:
1145:
1119:
1102:
1081:
1055:
1023:
1001:
979:
952:
922:
908:
886:
860:
838:
820:
795:
769:
742:
741:
739:
736:
735:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
702:
699:
670:
667:
634:
631:
594:
591:
504:
501:
472:
469:
457:
454:
446:
445:
429:
418:
411:
402:
401:
398:
395:
392:
389:
368:
365:
344:
341:
335:
332:
330:
327:
299:George Osborne
290:
287:
277:
274:
245:
242:
240:
237:
152:United Kingdom
126:
125:
123:
122:
115:
113:
109:
108:
105:
101:
100:
93:
89:
88:
87:United Kingdom
85:
81:
80:
78:
77:
67:
65:
61:
60:
57:
53:
52:
49:
45:
44:
40:
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3:
2:
3916:
3915:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3818:
3810:
3808:
3800:
3799:
3796:
3790:
3787:
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3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3737:organisations
3731:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3697:
3694:
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3644:
3642:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3617:Manufacturing
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
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3571:
3567:
3563:
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3558:
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3537:
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3532:
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3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3470:List of banks
3468:
3467:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3447:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3364:North Sea oil
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3312:
3309:
3305:
3299:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3286:Trades unions
3284:
3282:
3279:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3221:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3174:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3063:
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3053:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2922:Big City Plan
2920:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2898:
2890:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2874:Privatisation
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2854:Gold standard
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2829:
2826:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2781:1986 Big Bang
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2704:Chronological
2702:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2535:Co-operatives
2533:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2515:
2510:
2508:
2503:
2501:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2415:
2410:
2406:
2400:
2382:
2376:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2335:
2331:
2325:
2309:
2305:
2299:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2257:
2251:
2235:
2231:
2224:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2193:
2177:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2155:
2152:
2147:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2112:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2087:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2018:
2011:
2007:
2004:
1999:
1992:
1987:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1952:
1944:
1940:
1934:
1918:
1914:
1907:
1891:
1887:
1880:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1862:
1846:
1842:
1835:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1817:
1801:
1797:
1790:
1771:
1764:
1758:
1739:
1732:
1726:
1719:
1718:
1717:The Economist
1713:
1708:
1702:, 22 May 2007
1701:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1672:
1656:
1652:
1645:
1639:, 25 May 2007
1638:
1635:
1630:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1599:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1566:
1550:
1546:
1539:
1523:
1519:
1512:
1496:
1490:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1439:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1408:
1402:
1397:
1378:
1372:
1357:
1350:
1335:
1329:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1295:
1289:
1273:
1269:
1262:
1246:
1239:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1197:
1191:
1176:
1170:
1155:
1149:
1133:
1129:
1123:
1112:
1106:
1091:
1085:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1040:
1033:
1032:"Final Cover"
1027:
1011:
1005:
989:
983:
967:
961:
959:
957:
940:
936:
929:
927:
918:
917:"FSA History"
912:
896:
890:
874:
870:
864:
856:
852:
845:
843:
836:
832:
829:
824:
816:
812:
807:
799:
783:
779:
773:
757:
753:
752:"Who are we?"
747:
743:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
704:
698:
694:
692:
688:
684:
679:
677:
676:short selling
666:
664:
658:
656:
650:
648:
644:
640:
630:
627:
623:
618:
616:
612:
606:
604:
600:
590:
588:
583:
579:
576:
571:
569:
565:
560:
558:
554:
553:whistleblower
550:
545:
541:
537:
534:
531:
528:
524:
521:
520:Northern Rock
516:
514:
510:
500:
497:
493:
489:
481:
477:
468:
465:
463:
453:
451:
450:Consumer Duty
442:
438:
434:
430:
427:
423:
419:
416:
412:
408:
407:
406:
399:
396:
393:
390:
387:
386:
385:
381:
377:
375:
364:
362:
358:
349:
340:
326:
324:
319:
314:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
286:
283:
273:
271:
267:
259:
255:
250:
236:
234:
230:
226:
225:Official List
222:
218:
213:
211:
207:
202:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
179:UK government
176:
171:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
120:
117:
116:
114:
110:
106:
102:
97:
94:
90:
86:
82:
76:
72:
69:
68:
66:
62:
58:
54:
51:December 2001
50:
46:
41:
37:
32:
26:
22:
3686:Supermarkets
3652:Construction
3647:Architecture
3482:Canary Wharf
3315:Resource and
3298:Unemployment
3269:Minimum wage
3232:Billionaires
3129:Silicon Glen
3001:M11 Corridor
2470:19 July 2005
2419:. Retrieved
2414:the original
2408:
2399:
2387:. Retrieved
2375:
2363:. Retrieved
2359:
2350:
2338:. Retrieved
2333:
2324:
2312:. Retrieved
2308:the original
2298:
2286:. Retrieved
2282:the original
2272:
2260:. Retrieved
2250:
2238:. Retrieved
2234:The Guardian
2233:
2223:
2211:. Retrieved
2207:the original
2202:
2192:
2180:. Retrieved
2176:The Guardian
2175:
2165:
2146:
2130:
2111:
2103:The Scotsman
2101:
2086:
2078:The Guardian
2076:
2068:
2056:. Retrieved
2047:
2036:
2017:
1998:
1986:
1970:
1951:
1942:
1933:
1921:. Retrieved
1917:The Guardian
1916:
1906:
1894:. Retrieved
1890:The Guardian
1889:
1879:
1861:
1849:. Retrieved
1845:The Guardian
1844:
1834:
1816:
1804:. Retrieved
1799:
1789:
1777:. Retrieved
1770:the original
1757:
1745:. Retrieved
1738:the original
1725:
1715:
1707:
1697:
1689:
1671:
1659:. Retrieved
1654:
1644:
1629:
1617:. Retrieved
1613:the original
1608:
1598:
1586:. Retrieved
1582:the original
1575:
1565:
1553:. Retrieved
1549:the original
1538:
1526:. Retrieved
1522:the original
1511:
1499:. Retrieved
1489:
1481:the original
1471:
1459:. Retrieved
1449:
1438:
1426:. Retrieved
1422:the original
1417:
1407:
1396:
1384:. Retrieved
1371:
1359:. Retrieved
1349:
1337:. Retrieved
1328:
1316:. Retrieved
1312:the original
1302:
1288:
1276:. Retrieved
1272:the original
1261:
1249:. Retrieved
1238:
1226:. Retrieved
1221:
1212:
1200:. Retrieved
1190:
1178:. Retrieved
1169:
1157:. Retrieved
1148:
1136:. Retrieved
1132:the original
1122:
1105:
1093:. Retrieved
1084:
1072:. Retrieved
1068:the original
1058:
1046:. Retrieved
1039:the original
1026:
1014:. Retrieved
1004:
992:. Retrieved
982:
970:. Retrieved
943:. Retrieved
938:
911:
899:. Retrieved
889:
877:. Retrieved
873:the original
869:"FSA.gov.uk"
863:
854:
823:
810:
798:
786:. Retrieved
782:the original
772:
760:. Retrieved
756:the original
746:
695:
680:
672:
659:
651:
636:
621:
619:
607:
596:
584:
580:
572:
561:
546:
542:
538:
535:
532:
529:
525:
517:
513:bank charges
506:
496:Hector Sants
492:Adair Turner
485:
471:Organisation
466:
459:
447:
415:wrap account
403:
382:
378:
370:
360:
356:
354:
337:
318:royal assent
315:
292:
279:
270:Barings Bank
263:
258:Canary Wharf
232:
228:
217:Canary Wharf
214:
210:Hector Sants
203:
187:royal assent
172:
159:
155:
135:
131:
129:
119:Adair Turner
92:Headquarters
84:Jurisdiction
25:
3873:HM Treasury
3662:Real estate
3386:Agriculture
3173:Cardiff Bay
3162:Agriculture
3119:Oil and gas
3094:Agriculture
3021:Silicon Fen
2996:M4 corridor
2989:London Plan
2810:Growth deal
2637:HM Treasury
2607:Company law
2576:governance,
2476:6 June 2005
2314:21 February
1588:21 February
1296:. Fund Web.
941:. Bloomberg
488:HM Treasury
480:Lord Turner
422:Unit trusts
376:in the UK.
363:objective.
3832:Categories
3716:High-speed
3711:Inter-city
3627:Automotive
3607:Healthcare
3595:Television
3585:Newspapers
3429:Materials
3344:Geothermal
3317:production
3259:Labour law
3242:Demography
3225:and labour
3006:Manchester
2917:Birmingham
2849:Free trade
2578:regulation
738:References
641:prohibits
599:Tony Blair
511:(PPI) and
503:Criticisms
329:Activities
144:regulation
121:, Chairman
59:April 2013
3733:Trade and
3696:Transport
3643:Property
3622:Aerospace
3557:Education
3502:Insurance
3450:Financial
3334:Biodiesel
3210:Transport
3139:Transport
3099:Edinburgh
3071:Transport
3046:Wiltshire
3041:Transport
3016:Sheffield
2974:Liverpool
2837:Recurrent
2664:Banknotes
2574:Currency,
2528:Companies
2139:Bloomberg
1699:The Times
1577:The Times
972:4 January
433:Schroders
289:Abolition
221:Edinburgh
185:received
104:Employees
56:Dissolved
3807:Category
3735:business
3701:Aviation
3674:Internet
3580:Gambling
3487:The City
3452:services
3433:Forestry
3416:Scottish
3407:Fishing
3349:Fracking
3281:Pensions
3089:Aberdeen
3081:Scotland
3056:Northern
3026:Somerset
2934:Cornwall
2894:regions,
2892:Nations,
2676:Taxation
2421:9 August
2389:9 August
2365:9 August
2334:BBC News
2288:22 April
2262:9 August
2258:. Yahoo!
2240:9 August
2236:. London
2213:9 August
2182:9 August
2178:. London
2154:Archived
2119:Archived
2094:Archived
2058:9 August
2052:Archived
2025:Archived
2006:Archived
1959:Archived
1923:9 August
1919:. London
1892:. London
1869:Archived
1851:9 August
1847:. London
1824:Archived
1806:9 August
1802:. London
1779:9 August
1747:9 August
1679:Archived
1661:9 August
1657:. London
1619:9 August
1555:9 August
1528:9 August
1501:9 August
1428:9 August
1386:20 March
1074:9 August
1048:9 August
1016:9 August
994:9 August
901:3 August
879:9 August
831:Archived
815:Archived
788:9 August
701:See also
437:Gartmore
193:and the
164:Treasury
138:) was a
3817:Commons
3784:Make UK
3691:Tourism
3657:Housing
3637:Exports
3600:Theatre
3465:Banking
3411:English
3307:Sectors
3252:Poverty
3205:Tourism
3200:Swansea
3185:History
3180:Fishing
3167:Cardiff
3134:Tourism
3114:History
3109:Fishing
3066:Belfast
3058:Ireland
3036:Tourism
3011:Reading
2959:Fishing
2939:Croydon
2929:Bristol
2904:England
2696:History
2669:Coinage
2340:2 April
1896:2 April
945:16 June
762:9 April
452:rules.
239:History
197:of the
150:in the
146:of the
3575:Cinema
3438:Mining
3359:Marine
3325:Energy
3247:Income
3223:People
3169:
3144:Whisky
2979:London
2949:Dorset
2896:cities
2821:Impact
2602:Budget
1361:3 June
1339:4 June
1318:4 June
1278:3 June
1251:3 June
1228:4 June
1202:4 June
1180:4 June
1159:4 June
1138:4 June
1095:4 June
544:year.
410:years.
305:. The
177:, the
48:Formed
3590:Radio
3570:Media
3550:Other
3421:Welsh
3391:Cider
3369:Solar
3154:Wales
2964:Leeds
2944:Devon
2627:Gilts
2384:(PDF)
1773:(PDF)
1766:(PDF)
1741:(PDF)
1734:(PDF)
1461:7 May
1380:(PDF)
1114:(PDF)
1042:(PDF)
1035:(PDF)
990:. FSA
587:LIBOR
462:debit
426:OEICs
334:Scope
107:3,801
3706:Rail
3401:Beer
3396:Wine
3381:Food
3374:Wind
3339:Coal
2423:2011
2391:2011
2367:2011
2342:2010
2316:2018
2290:2008
2264:2011
2242:2011
2215:2011
2184:2011
2060:2011
1925:2011
1898:2010
1853:2011
1808:2011
1781:2011
1749:2011
1663:2011
1621:2011
1590:2018
1557:2011
1530:2011
1503:2011
1463:2014
1430:2011
1388:2023
1363:2011
1341:2011
1320:2011
1280:2011
1253:2011
1230:2011
1204:2011
1182:2011
1161:2011
1140:2011
1097:2011
1076:2011
1050:2011
1018:2011
996:2011
974:2013
947:2010
903:2021
881:2011
790:2011
764:2012
639:FSMA
568:HBOS
557:HBOS
424:and
233:UKLA
130:The
3514:LCH
1979:BBC
657:".
564:BBC
276:FSA
244:SIB
235:).
160:SIB
136:FSA
3834::
2407:.
2358:.
2332:.
2232:.
2201:.
2174:.
2137:,
2100:,
2075:,
2046:.
1977:.
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