519:, centrifugation, applying pressure to the fluid above the filter, applying a vacuum below the filter, or a combination of these factors may all contribute to this force. In both straightforward laboratory filtrations and massive sand-bed filters, gravitational force alone may be utilized. Centrifuges with a bowl holding a porous filter media can be thought of as filters in which a centrifugal force several times stronger than gravity replaces gravitational force. A partial vacuum is typically provided to the container below the filter media when laboratory filtration is challenging to speed up the filtering process. Depending on the type of filter being used, the majority of industrial filtration operations employ pressure or
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complexity of biological interactions, especially in multi-organism communities, it is often not possible to determine which processes are achieving the filtration result. At the molecular level, it may often be by individual catalytic enzyme actions within an individual organism. The waste products of some organisms may subsequently broken down by other organisms to extract as much energy as possible and in so doing reduce complex organic molecules to very simple inorganic species such as water, carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
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turn, would lead to the crystallisation of the solids in the funnel and hinder the filtration process. One of the most important measures to prevent the formation of crystals in the funnel and to undergo effective hot filtration is the use stemless filter funnel. Due to the absence of a stem in the filter funnel, there is a decrease in the surface area of contact between the solution and the stem of the filter funnel, hence preventing re-crystallization of solid in the funnel, and adversely affecting the filtration process.
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867:. Biofilm technology, the formation of biofilms on various filter media, and other factors have an impact on the growth structure and function of these biofilms. To conduct a thorough investigation of the composition, diversity, and dynamics of biofilms, it also takes on a variety of traditional and contemporary molecular approaches.
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is the process of pouring the mixture from a higher location to a lower one. It is frequently accomplished via simple filtration, which involves placing filter paper in a glass funnel with the liquid passing through by gravity while the insoluble solid particles are caught by the filter paper. Filter
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example. In the laboratory, pressure in the form of compressed air on the feed side (or vacuum on the filtrate side) may be applied to make the filtration process faster, though this may lead to clogging or the passage of fine particles. Alternatively, the liquid may flow through the filter by the
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method is mainly used to separate solids from a hot solution. This is done to prevent crystal formation in the filter funnel and other apparatus that come in contact with the solution. As a result, the apparatus and the solution used are heated to prevent the rapid decrease in temperature which in
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An example of a biofilm is a biological slime, which may be found in lakes, rivers, rocks, etc. The utilization of single- or dual-species biofilms is a novel technology since natural biofilms are sluggishly developing. The use of biofilms in the biofiltration process allows for the attachment of
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Surface filters allow the solid particles, i.e. the residue, to be collected intact; depth filters do not. However, the depth filter is less prone to clogging due to the greater surface area where the particles can be trapped. Also, when the solid particles are very fine, it is often cheaper and
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Biological filtration may take place inside an organism, or the biological component may be grown on a medium in the material being filtered. Removal of solids, emulsified components, organic chemicals and ions may be achieved by ingestion and digestion, adsorption or absorption. Because of the
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method is the use of an ice bath to rapidly cool the solution to be crystallized rather than leaving it to cool slowly in the room atmosphere. This technique results in the formation of very small crystals as opposed to getting large crystals by cooling the solution at room temperature.
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of that filter. The separation of solid and fluid is imperfect; solids will be contaminated with some fluid and filtrate will contain fine particles (depending on the pore size, filter thickness and biological activity). Filtration occurs both in nature and in
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cones, fluted filters, or filtering pipets can all be employed, depending on the amount of the substance at hand. Gravity filtration is in widespread everyday use, for example for straining cooking water from food, or removing contaminants from a liquid.
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of the contaminant by the filter medium. This requires intimate contact between the filter medium and the filtrate, and takes time for diffusion to bring the contaminant into direct contact with the medium while passing through it, referred to as
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after post-compression cooling and final product adsorption filtration to remove gaseous hydrocarbons contaminants and excessive water vapour. In some cases prefilters using adsorption media are used to control carbon dioxide levels,
759:. The liquid above can then be decanted. This method is especially useful for separating solids that do not filter well, such as gelatinous or fine particles. These solids can clog or pass through the filter, respectively.
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Small stationary Bauer HP breathing air compressor installation showing water separator (centre), and two high-pressure product filter housings (gold anodised) to produce oxygen compatible breathing air for diving gas
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Fluids flow through a filter due to a pressure difference—fluid flows from the high-pressure side to the low-pressure side of the filter. The simplest method to achieve this is by gravity which can be seen in the
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easier to discard the contaminated granules than to clean the solid sieve. Filter media can be cleaned by rinsing with solvents or detergents or backwashing. Alternatively, in engineering applications, such as
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Dave, Sushma; Churi, Hardik; Litoria, Pratiksha; David, Preethi; Das, Jayashankar (18 June 2021). "Chapter 3 - Biofilms, filtration, microbial kinetics and mechanism of degradation: a revolutionary approach".
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Filter feeders are organisms that obtain their food by filtering their, generally aquatic, environment. Many of the protozoa are filter feeders using a range of adaptations including rigid spikes of
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is filtered. This will prevent gelatinous-type solids from plugging the filter medium and also give a clearer filtrate. They can also be added to the slurry before filtration. This increases the
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and reduces the resistance of the cake during filtration. In a rotary filter, the filter aid may be applied as a precoat; subsequently, thin slices of this layer are sliced off with the cake.
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which form dynamic and complex, frequently gelatinous films on wet substrates. Such biofilms coat the rocks of most rivers and the sea and they provide the key filtration capability of the
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of substances. Separation is achieved by some form of interaction between the substance or objects to be removed and the filter. The substance that is to pass through the filter must be a
260:. It is also used as a general term for macrophage in which organisms use a variety of means to filter small food particles from their environment. Examples range from the microscopic
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Filtration is also used to describe biological and physical systems that not only separate solids from a fluid stream but also remove chemical species and biological organisms by
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Filters may be used for the purpose of removing unwanted liquid from a solid residue, cleaning unwanted solids from a liquid, or simply to separate the solid from the liquid.
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are filter feeders. Some use rhythmical beating of abdominal limbs to create a water current to the mouth whilst the hairs on the legs trap any particle. Others such as some
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layer on top of the filter and may also block the filter lattice, preventing the fluid phase from crossing the filter (blinding). Commercially, the term filter is applied to
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755:. Instead of filtering the mixture of solid and liquid particles, the mixture is centrifuged to force the (usually) denser solid to the bottom, where it often forms a firm
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Many filtration processes include more than one filtration mechanism, and particulates are often removed from the fluid first to prevent clogging of downstream elements.
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production, where the air passes through a particulate filter before entering the compressor, which removes particles likely to damage the compressor, followed by
448:. Some of the major purposes of obtaining the desired outcome are, for the removal of impurities from a mixture or, for the isolation of solids from a mixture.
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where the separation lattice is so thin that the surface becomes the main zone of particle separation, even though these products might be described as sieves.
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is carried out by rapidly rotating the substance to be filtered. The more dense material is separated from the less dense matter by the horizontal rotation.
324:). In filtration, a multilayer lattice retains those particles that are unable to follow the tortuous channels of the filter. Oversize particles may form a
433:. Methods of filtration vary depending on the location of the targeted material, i.e. whether it is dissolved in the fluid phase or suspended as a solid.
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which have a complex ring of cilia which create a vortex in the flow drafting particles into the oral cavity. Similar feeding techniques are used by the
370:) because there is no filter medium. Commercial devices called "magnetic filters" are sold, but the name reflects their use, not their mode of operation.
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is chosen which dissolves one component, while not dissolving the other. By dissolving the mixture in the chosen solvent, one component will go into the
1455:
Sehar, Shama; Naz, Iffat (13 July 2016). "Role of the
Biofilms in Wastewater Treatment". In Dhanasekaran, Dharumadurai; Thajuddin, Nooruddin (eds.).
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may be included in the filtration media of the product. All these processes are broadly referred to as aspects of the filtration of the product.
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that has a complex structure through which only the fluid can pass. Solid particles that cannot pass through the filter medium are described as
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Hot filtration, solution contained in the
Erlenmeyer flask is heated on a hot plate to prevent re-crystallization of solids in the flask itself
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but is much more time-consuming. If very small amounts of solution are involved, most of the solution may be soaked up by the filter medium.
682:, a method commonly used in industry when a reduced filtration time is important. In this case, the filter need not be mounted vertically.
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794:, followed by selective reabsorption of many substances essential for the body to maintain homeostasis. The complete process is termed
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are commonly used to remove airborne particulate matter in building ventilation systems, combustion engines, and industrial processes.
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Filter flask (suction flask, with sintered glass filter containing sample). Note the almost colourless filtrate in the receiver flask.
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In biological filters, oversize particulates are trapped and ingested and the resulting metabolites may be released. For example, in
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desirable biomass and critical nutrients to immobilized support. So that water may be reused for various processes, advances in
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is often used in industrial applications that require changes in the filtrate's properties, such as altering colour or odour.
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filters to remove volatile hydrocarbons, odours, and other contaminants from recirculated breathing gas in closed habitats.
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Cold filtration, the ice bath is used to cool down the temperature of the solution before undergoing the filtration process
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on top of the filter and may also block the filter lattice, preventing the fluid phase from crossing the filter, known as
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technique is mostly preferred for small batches of solution to dry small crystals quickly. This method requires a
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often employs filtration to stop or slow the flow of unwanted material that is transported, through the use of a
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Filtration is used to separate particles and fluid in a suspension, where the fluid can be a liquid, a gas or a
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cannot pass through the lattice structure of the filter, while fluid and small particles pass through, becoming
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Biofilms are often complex communities of bacteria, phages, yeasts and often more complex organisms including
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Only when a driving force is supplied will the fluid to be filtered be able to flow through the filter media.
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Filtration, as a physical operation enables materials of different chemical compositions to be separated. A
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There are several laboratory filtration techniques depending on the desired outcome namely, hot, cold and
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is typically used in pharmaceutical applications or batch processes that need to capture solids.
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are commercially called filters, although filtration is not their principal mechanical function.
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This article is about the process of solid-fluid separation. For the mathematical concept, see
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Chhabra, Raj; Basavaraj, Madivala G., eds. (19 April 2019). "Chapter 10 - Liquid
Filtration".
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These filter aids can be used in two different ways. They can be used as a precoat before the
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Systems for biologically treating wastewater are crucial for enhancing both human health and
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The use of filter aids is usually limited to cases where the cake is discarded or where the
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utilize point-of-suction backwashing to clean the screen without interrupting system flow.
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Filtration differs from sieving, where separation occurs at a single perforated layer (a
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Furnaces use filtration to prevent the furnace elements from fouling with particulates.
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1205: – Physical process where a fluid is passed through a special pore-sized membrane
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forms. In everyday usage the verb "strain" is more often used; for example, using a
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1043:. Slower flow also reduces pressure drop across the filter. Applications include:
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Certain filter aids may be used to aid filtration. These are often incompressible
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Filter media are the materials used to do the separation of materials.
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which are used to create potable water and treat sewage respectively.
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There are many different methods of filtration; all aim to attain the
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1351:"filtration | Definition, Examples, & Processes | Britannica"
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methods assist in removing significant volumes of effluents from
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to speed up filtering and reduce the amount of equipment needed.
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Hot filtration for the separation of solids from a hot solution
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Two main types of filter media are employed in laboratories:
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and pass through the filter, while the other will be retained.
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List of largest biomedical companies by market capitalization
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Coulson and
Richardson's Chemical Engineering (Sixth Edition)
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to direct particles to the mouth including organisms such as
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and other inert porous solids such as the cheaper and safer
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Membrane-Based Hybrid
Processes for Wastewater Treatment
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treatment using biofilm filtration in slow sand filters.
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Diagram of simple filtration: oversize particles in the
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1333:"Filtration - Definition, Types, Functions & Quiz"
1244: – Procedure to assess particle size distribution
490:, filter paper of a smaller diameter than the funnel,
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1302:"ORGANIC LABORATORY TECHNIQUES 3: Filtration Methods"
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selectively removes undesirable constituents such as
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Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
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spin fine webs in the water flow to trap particles.
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to trap solid particles, sometimes with the aid of
494:, and rubber tubing to connect to a vacuum source.
81:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1128:using biofilm filtration using trickling filters.
1015:in automobiles, often as a canister or cartridge.
940:to separate the coffee infusion from the grounds.
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2286:Suspicions about the Hidden Realities of the Air
1457:Microbial Biofilms - Importance and Applications
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694:, or kieselguhr, which is composed primarily of
192:and the fluid that passes through is called the
656:water treatment plants, they may be cleaned by
2063:Book of the Silvery Water and the Starry Earth
1030:Adsorption filtration removes contaminants by
740:Filtration is a more efficient method for the
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1694:pseudo-Apollonius of Tyana (Balīnūs/Balīnās)
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967:Vertical plate filter such as those used in
1374:. Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 555–625.
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786:function by renal filtration whereby the
585:Learn how and when to remove this message
141:Learn how and when to remove this message
38:. For filtration used in winemaking, see
27:Process that separates solids from fluids
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2583:Competitions and prizes in biotechnology
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984:A pneumatic conveying system such as an
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1280:(6th ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann.
40:Clarification and stabilization of wine
14:
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1886:George Starkey (Eirenaeus Philalethes)
1318:from the original on 13 February 2015.
1276:Sparks, Trevor; Chase, George (2015).
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1966:Thomas Vaughan (Eugenius Philalethes)
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4781:
3103:
844:and the film on the filter media of
563:adding citations to reliable sources
530:
79:adding citations to reliable sources
50:
4805:
2117:De consideratione quintae essentiae
889:to various arrangements of beating
354:Filtration differs from removal of
229:to drain cooking water from cooked
24:
4336:Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation
1424:10.1016/b978-0-12-823804-2.00018-5
1380:10.1016/B978-0-08-101098-3.00011-1
1223: – Water purification process
778:Renal physiology § Filtration
510:
34:. For the stochastic concept, see
25:
4864:
4206:Agricultural wastewater treatment
2557:
1495:
1023:Straining water from food with a
932:Particulate filtration includes:
885:held in the water flow as in the
870:
668:Achieving flow through the filter
4804:
4792:
4780:
4769:
4768:
4450:
4449:
3768:
3102:
3091:
3090:
2591:
2512:
2511:
2084:Buch der heiligen Dreifaltigkeit
1181:
1167:
1153:
1139:
751:An alternative to filtration is
535:
274:, all of which are described as
196:. Oversize particles may form a
55:
4266:Industrial wastewater treatment
4236:Decentralized wastewater system
3068:Index of biotechnology articles
2051:Liber de compositione alchemiae
1775:(pseudo-)Arnaldus de Villa Nova
1734:pseudo-Khālid ibn Yazīd (Calid)
1582:Hermes Trismegistus (legendary)
1278:Filters and Filtration Handbook
1076:Combined applications include:
735:
526:
66:needs additional citations for
36:Filtration (probability theory)
4514:Atomic absorption spectrometer
3954:
3534:Fractional excretion of sodium
3073:List of biotechnology articles
2300:Twelve Keys of Basil Valentine
1448:
1361:
1343:
1294:
1269:
1255:
1003:serving as the porous barrier.
986:industrial exhaust duct system
358:contaminants from fluids with
13:
1:
4286:Rotating biological contactor
2917:Genetically modified organism
2684:Biotechnology industrial park
2367:Theatrum chemicum Britannicum
1248:
950:to remove particles from air.
810:provides a similar function.
685:
339:, where separation relies on
305:Filtration is widely used in
1504:(constant rate and pressure)
1229: – filtration technique
771:
7:
4519:Flame emission spectrometer
3512:Effective renal plasma flow
3356:Intracellular fluid/Cytosol
2907:Environmental biotechnology
2339:Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum
2325:Bibliotheca chemica curiosa
1132:
916:
813:
10:
4869:
4853:Industrial water treatment
4351:Wastewater treatment plant
4118:Adsorbable organic halides
3805:Electrostatic precipitator
3461:Glomerular filtration rate
3453:Assessment and measurement
3316:Atrial natriuretic peptide
2218:Rosary of the Philosophers
2204:Papyrus Graecus Holmiensis
2143:Liber Hermetis de alchemia
874:
817:
775:
409:
322:particle size distribution
29:
4764:
4715:
4674:
4618:
4595:Ion mobility spectrometry
4585:Electroanalytical methods
4567:
4504:
4445:
4359:
4186:
4123:Biochemical oxygen demand
4108:
3962:
3906:
3878:
3845:Rotary vacuum-drum filter
3777:
3766:
3602:
3544:Tubuloglomerular feedback
3526:
3471:Augmented renal clearance
3451:
3428:Bicarbonate buffer system
3386:
3344:
3298:
3291:
3249:
3203:
3172:
3162:
3152:Physiology of the kidneys
3086:
3060:
2967:
2847:
2777:
2726:
2717:
2676:
2621:
2600:
2589:
2578:Timeline of biotechnology
2565:
2507:
2387:
2309:
2028:
2019:
1979:
1881:pseudo-Bernard of Treviso
1863:
1762:
1714:Ibn Umayl (Senior Zadith)
1684:Abū Bakr al-Rāzī (Rhazes)
1674:
1648:
1615:
1554:
1545:
1099:pressure swing adsorption
625:rotary vacuum-drum filter
3888:Aqueous two-phase system
3710:Liquid–liquid extraction
3433:Respiratory compensation
3190:Clearance of medications
2934:Microbial biodegradation
2613:Industrial biotechnology
2573:History of biotechnology
1729:Jābir ibn Ḥayyān (Geber)
1562:Agathodaemon (legendary)
1105:, and where the risk of
1101:may be used to increase
1090:Compressed breathing air
607:are solid sieves with a
335:Filtration differs from
32:Filtration (mathematics)
4755:Analytical Biochemistry
4544:Melting point apparatus
4311:Sewage sludge treatment
4251:Fecal sludge management
4211:API oil–water separator
4178:Wastewater surveillance
3785:API oil–water separator
3655:Dissolved air flotation
3539:BUN-to-creatinine ratio
3274:Countercurrent exchange
2608:Colors of biotechnology
1921:Jan Baptist van Helmont
1661:Stephanus of Alexandria
184:from a mixture using a
44:Filter (disambiguation)
4734:Analytica Chimica Acta
4168:Total suspended solids
4163:Total dissolved solids
4128:Chemical oxygen demand
3750:Solid-phase extraction
3002:Biomedical engineering
2709:Pharmaceutical company
2689:Biotechnology products
1754:al-Zahrāwī (Abulcasis)
1109:contamination exists,
1085:
999:is often used, with a
926:
742:separation of mixtures
498:Centrifugal filtration
471:
456:
441:
166:
42:. For other uses, see
4843:Laboratory techniques
4626:Coning and quartering
4534:Infrared spectrometer
4035:Industrial wastewater
3870:Vacuum ceramic filter
3865:Sublimation apparatus
3670:Electrochromatography
3630:Cross-flow filtration
3476:Renal clearance ratio
3395:Darrow Yannet diagram
2190:Nabataean Agriculture
2077:Books of the Balances
1926:Johann Rudolf Glauber
1896:Giovanni da Correggio
1311:. 19 September 2013.
1309:University of Calgary
1227:Cross-flow filtration
1082:
995:In the laboratory, a
969:Merrill–Crowe process
924:
763:Biological filtration
698:. Also used are wood
469:
454:
439:
156:
4848:Alchemical processes
4838:Analytical chemistry
4748:Analytical Chemistry
4590:Gravimetric analysis
4554:Optical spectrometer
4498:Analytical chemistry
4377:Groundwater recharge
3820:Fractionating column
3615:Acid–base extraction
3596:Separation processes
3501:Hemodialysis product
3481:Urea reduction ratio
3466:Creatinine clearance
3306:Antidiuretic hormone
3156:acid–base physiology
3027:Chemical engineering
2890:Reproductive cloning
2754:Hybridoma technology
2704:Human Genome Project
2435:In art/entertainment
1845:(pseudo-)Roger Bacon
1607:Zosimos of Panopolis
1602:Paphnutia the Virgin
1265:. Lenntech BV. 2009.
1126:Wastewater treatment
1114:catalytic converters
1060:life-support systems
559:improve this section
403:slow sand filtration
307:chemical engineering
75:improve this article
4291:Secondary treatment
4276:Membrane bioreactor
4231:Constructed wetland
4030:Infiltration/Inflow
3640:Cyclonic separation
3377:Transcellular fluid
3361:Extracellular fluid
3279:Filtration fraction
2912:Genetic engineering
2895:Therapeutic cloning
2875:Bionic architecture
2855:Animal cell culture
2622:Biological concepts
2455:Philosophers' stone
2450:Pill of Immortality
2346:Fasciculus chemicus
2293:Turba philosophorum
2211:Physika kai mystika
1941:Michael Sendivogius
1820:pseudo-Michael Scot
1656:pseudo-Olympiodorus
1597:Ostanes (legendary)
1502:Filtration modeling
808:contractile vacuole
678:force exerted by a
289:supercritical fluid
252:. Examples include
213:systems; there are
4661:Separation process
4656:Sample preparation
4456:Category: Sewerage
4417:Septic drain field
4382:Infiltration basin
4326:Stabilization pond
4246:Facultative lagoon
4110:Quality indicators
3990:Blackwater (waste)
3970:Acid mine drainage
3700:Gravity separation
3438:Renal compensation
3367:Interstitial fluid
2968:Interdisciplinary
2922:Molecular genetics
2668:Selective breeding
2353:Musaeum Hermeticum
2279:Summa perfectionis
2258:(pseudo-Aristotle)
2248:Secret of Creation
2197:Ordinal of Alchemy
1840:pseudo-Ramon Llull
1744:Maslama al-Qurṭubī
1418:. pp. 25–43.
1355:www.britannica.com
1337:Biology Dictionary
1197:Separation process
1094:droplet separation
1086:
927:
840:on the surface of
692:diatomaceous earth
629:cross-flow filters
504:Gravity filtration
472:
457:
442:
366:oil, coolants and
349:ion-exchange resin
345:activated charcoal
282:Physical processes
174:separation process
167:
18:Filter (chemistry)
4820:
4819:
4702:Standard addition
4697:Internal standard
4687:Calibration curve
4600:Mass spectrometry
4559:Spectrophotometer
4539:Mass spectrometer
4524:Gas chromatograph
4464:
4463:
4241:Extended aeration
4188:Treatment options
4138:Oxygen saturation
3985:Blackwater (coal)
3963:Sources and types
3922:
3921:
3840:Rapid sand filter
3735:Recrystallization
3715:Electroextraction
3675:Electrofiltration
3562:
3561:
3496:Dialysis adequacy
3491:Standardized Kt/V
3447:
3446:
3405:Davenport diagram
3388:Acid–base balance
3287:
3286:
3264:Renal plasma flow
3118:
3117:
3047:Nanobiotechnology
3042:Molecular biology
2843:
2842:
2694:Biotechnology law
2525:
2524:
2383:
2382:
2360:Theatrum chemicum
2176:Mirror of Alchimy
2128:Tabula Smaragdina
2105:Clavis sapientiae
2044:Aurora consurgens
2015:
2014:
1951:Pierre-Jean Fabre
1901:Heinrich Khunrath
1815:Magister Salernus
1790:Guido di Montanor
1577:pseudo-Democritus
1539:Alchemy (general)
1476:978-953-51-2435-1
1389:978-0-08-101098-3
1189:Technology portal
846:trickling filters
842:slow sand filters
595:
594:
587:
483:Vacuum filtration
446:vacuum filtration
258:trickling filters
254:slow sand filters
151:
150:
143:
125:
16:(Redirected from
4860:
4808:
4807:
4796:
4784:
4783:
4772:
4771:
4707:Isotope dilution
4491:
4484:
4477:
4468:
4467:
4453:
4452:
4372:Evaporation pond
4360:Disposal options
4331:Trickling filter
4316:Sewage treatment
4216:Carbon filtering
4196:Activated sludge
3949:
3942:
3935:
3926:
3925:
3772:
3589:
3582:
3575:
3566:
3565:
3517:Extraction ratio
3420:Winters' formula
3296:
3295:
3259:Renal blood flow
3185:Pharmacokinetics
3170:
3169:
3145:
3138:
3131:
3122:
3121:
3106:
3105:
3094:
3093:
2944:Pharmacogenomics
2724:
2723:
2718:Basic techniques
2699:Green Revolution
2677:General concepts
2595:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2529:
2528:
2515:
2514:
2229:Step of the Sage
2169:Mappae clavicula
2136:Leyden papyrus X
2037:Atalanta fugiens
2026:
2025:
2007:Mary Anne Atwood
1992:Eugène Canseliet
1871:Andreas Libavius
1850:Taddeo Alderotti
1625:Fang (alchemist)
1572:pseudo-Cleopatra
1552:
1551:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1509:
1508:
1489:
1488:
1468:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1329:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1306:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1259:
1232:
1191:
1186:
1185:
1177:
1172:
1171:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1149:
1147:Chemistry portal
1144:
1143:
1142:
1070:Activated carbon
1064:scrubber filters
1041:
1040:
948:air conditioning
708:Activated carbon
660:. Self-cleaning
590:
583:
579:
576:
570:
539:
531:
399:sewage treatment
383:renal filtration
146:
139:
135:
132:
126:
124:
83:
59:
51:
21:
4868:
4867:
4863:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4858:
4857:
4823:
4822:
4821:
4816:
4760:
4711:
4670:
4614:
4563:
4506:Instrumentation
4500:
4495:
4465:
4460:
4441:
4407:Reclaimed water
4355:
4281:Reverse osmosis
4182:
4104:
4070:Reverse osmosis
3995:Boiler blowdown
3958:
3953:
3923:
3918:
3902:
3880:
3874:
3835:Protein skimmer
3773:
3764:
3760:Ultrafiltration
3740:Reverse osmosis
3720:Microfiltration
3695:Froth flotation
3635:Crystallization
3598:
3593:
3563:
3558:
3522:
3443:
3382:
3340:
3292:Other functions
3283:
3269:Ultrafiltration
3245:
3199:
3195:Urine flow rate
3158:
3149:
3119:
3114:
3082:
3056:
2997:Biopharmacology
2969:
2963:
2839:
2810:Electrophoresis
2805:Kidney dialysis
2795:Crystallization
2773:
2719:
2713:
2672:
2617:
2596:
2587:
2561:
2556:
2526:
2521:
2503:
2498:Suns in alchemy
2379:
2305:
2244:Sirr al-khalīqa
2225:Rutbat al-ḥakīm
2109:Miftāḥ al-ḥikma
2011:
1997:Frater Albertus
1975:
1971:Wilhelm Homberg
1876:Basil Valentine
1859:
1830:Paul of Taranto
1795:Hugh of Evesham
1770:pseudo-Albertus
1758:
1704:pseudo-Avicenna
1670:
1644:
1617:Ancient Chinese
1611:
1587:Mary the Jewess
1541:
1536:
1498:
1493:
1492:
1477:
1453:
1449:
1434:
1409:
1405:
1390:
1366:
1362:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1339:. 3 March 2017.
1331:
1330:
1323:
1315:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1288:
1274:
1270:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1230:
1221:Reverse osmosis
1209:Ultrafiltration
1203:Microfiltration
1187:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1107:carbon monoxide
1103:oxygen fraction
1038:
1037:
1019:Aquarium filter
958:precious metals
919:
905:. Many aquatic
879:
873:
822:
816:
780:
774:
765:
738:
688:
670:
605:Surface filters
591:
580:
574:
571:
556:
540:
529:
513:
511:Filtering force
475:Cold filtration
412:
395:water treatment
284:
176:that separates
147:
136:
130:
127:
84:
82:
72:
60:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4866:
4856:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4814:
4802:
4790:
4778:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4758:
4751:
4744:
4737:
4730:
4722:
4720:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4678:
4676:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4622:
4620:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4580:Chromatography
4577:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4510:
4508:
4502:
4501:
4494:
4493:
4486:
4479:
4471:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4439:
4434:
4432:Surface runoff
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4412:Sanitary sewer
4409:
4404:
4402:Marine outfall
4399:
4397:Marine dumping
4394:
4389:
4387:Injection well
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4367:Combined sewer
4363:
4361:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4306:Settling basin
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4201:Aerated lagoon
4198:
4192:
4190:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4133:Coliform index
4130:
4125:
4120:
4114:
4112:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4075:Sanitary sewer
4072:
4067:
4062:
4060:Produced water
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4005:Combined sewer
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3966:
3964:
3960:
3959:
3952:
3951:
3944:
3937:
3929:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3914:Unit operation
3910:
3908:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3884:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3781:
3779:
3775:
3774:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3625:Chromatography
3622:
3617:
3612:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3599:
3592:
3591:
3584:
3577:
3569:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3514:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3457:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3422:
3417:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3374:
3369:
3363:
3350:
3348:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3336:Prostaglandins
3333:
3328:
3326:Erythropoietin
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3302:
3300:
3293:
3289:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3255:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3176:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3159:
3148:
3147:
3140:
3133:
3125:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3100:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3064:
3062:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2987:Bioengineering
2984:
2982:Bioelectronics
2979:
2973:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2959:Tissue culture
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2865:Bioinformatics
2862:
2860:Biofabrication
2857:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2800:Chromatography
2797:
2792:
2787:
2785:Centrifugation
2781:
2779:
2778:Chemical field
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2749:Flow cytometry
2746:
2741:
2736:
2730:
2728:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2636:
2631:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2597:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2555:
2554:
2547:
2540:
2532:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2430:Iatrochemistry
2427:
2422:
2420:Elixir of life
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2272:Splendor solis
2268:
2260:
2252:
2240:
2233:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2179:
2172:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2139:
2132:
2124:Emerald Tablet
2120:
2113:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2047:
2040:
2032:
2030:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1709:Ibn Arfaʿ Raʾs
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1680:
1678:
1676:Arabic-Islamic
1672:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1621:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1558:
1556:
1555:Greco-Egyptian
1549:
1543:
1542:
1535:
1534:
1527:
1520:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1497:
1496:External links
1494:
1491:
1490:
1475:
1447:
1432:
1403:
1388:
1360:
1342:
1321:
1293:
1286:
1268:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1242:Sieve analysis
1239:
1233:
1224:
1218:
1215:Nanofiltration
1212:
1206:
1200:
1193:
1192:
1178:
1175:Biology portal
1164:
1150:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1074:
1073:
1067:
1048:Carbon dioxide
1028:
1027:
1021:
1016:
1010:
1004:
997:Büchner funnel
993:
982:
979:
976:Nutsche filter
972:
965:
951:
941:
918:
915:
877:Filter feeders
875:Main article:
872:
871:Filter feeders
869:
818:Main article:
815:
812:
776:Main article:
773:
770:
764:
761:
753:centrifugation
737:
734:
687:
684:
669:
666:
662:screen filters
649:
648:
636:
617:Büchner funnel
593:
592:
543:
541:
534:
528:
525:
512:
509:
488:Büchner funnel
460:Hot filtration
411:
408:
407:
406:
371:
352:
341:surface charge
333:
314:
303:
292:
283:
280:
276:filter feeders
172:is a physical
149:
148:
63:
61:
54:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4865:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4813:
4812:
4803:
4801:
4800:
4795:
4791:
4789:
4788:
4779:
4777:
4776:
4767:
4766:
4763:
4757:
4756:
4752:
4750:
4749:
4745:
4743:
4742:
4738:
4736:
4735:
4731:
4729:
4728:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4719:
4714:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4692:Matrix effect
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4673:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4651:Pulverization
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4617:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4566:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4492:
4487:
4485:
4480:
4478:
4473:
4472:
4469:
4457:
4448:
4447:
4444:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4358:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4296:Sedimentation
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4185:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4111:
4107:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4090:Sewage sludge
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4015:Cooling water
4013:
4011:
4010:Cooling tower
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3975:Ballast water
3973:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3950:
3945:
3943:
3938:
3936:
3931:
3930:
3927:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3905:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3877:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3855:Spinning cone
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3830:Mixer-settler
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3776:
3771:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3745:Sedimentation
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3730:Precipitation
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3590:
3585:
3583:
3578:
3576:
3571:
3570:
3567:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3508:PAH clearance
3506:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3347:
3346:Fluid balance
3343:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3290:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3236:Oligopeptides
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3146:
3141:
3139:
3134:
3132:
3127:
3126:
3123:
3111:
3110:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3089:
3088:
3085:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2966:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2880:Cell immunity
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2836:
2835:Sedimentation
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2744:Cultured meat
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2727:Biology field
2725:
2722:
2716:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2594:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2559:Biotechnology
2553:
2548:
2546:
2541:
2539:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2518:
2510:
2509:
2506:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2460:Prima materia
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2376:
2375:
2374:Tripus aureus
2371:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2318:Aureum vellus
2315:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2264:Sirr al-asrār
2261:
2259:
2257:
2256:Sirr al-asrār
2253:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2237:Seventy Books
2234:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2147:Liber dabessi
2144:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2070:Book of Mercy
2067:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1961:Samuel Norton
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1936:Michael Maier
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1856:
1855:Thomas Norton
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1800:Johann of Laz
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1785:George Ripley
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1763:Late medieval
1761:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1719:Ibn Waḥshiyya
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
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1466:10.5772/63499
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1433:9780128238042
1429:
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1120:Potable water
1118:
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1100:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1068:
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1057:
1053:
1052:breathing gas
1050:removal from
1049:
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949:
945:
942:
939:
938:coffee filter
935:
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930:
923:
914:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
878:
868:
866:
865:water quality
861:
859:
855:
854:biofiltration
849:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
821:
811:
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797:
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697:
693:
683:
681:
676:
665:
663:
659:
655:
654:swimming pool
646:
642:
641:
640:Depth filters
637:
634:
633:screen filter
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
603:
602:
601:
598:
589:
586:
578:
568:
564:
560:
554:
553:
549:
544:This section
542:
538:
533:
532:
524:
522:
518:
508:
505:
501:
499:
495:
493:
492:Büchner flask
489:
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468:
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304:
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297:
293:
290:
286:
285:
279:
277:
273:
272:baleen whales
269:
268:basking shark
265:
264:
259:
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251:
247:
243:
239:
234:
232:
228:
224:
220:
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187:
186:filter medium
183:
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134:
123:
120:
116:
113:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92: –
91:
87:
86:Find sources:
80:
76:
70:
69:
64:This article
62:
58:
53:
52:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4809:
4797:
4785:
4773:
4753:
4746:
4739:
4732:
4725:
4718:publications
4682:Chemometrics
4666:Sub-sampling
4640:
4605:Spectroscopy
4437:Vacuum sewer
4321:Sewer mining
4271:Ion exchange
4255:
4221:Chlorination
4143:Heavy metals
4100:Urban runoff
4040:Ion exchange
4020:Fecal sludge
3815:Filter press
3800:Depth filter
3690:Flocculation
3684:
3660:Distillation
3250:
3211:Solvent drag
3204:Reabsorption
3107:
3095:
3032:Microbiology
3017:Biochemicals
2929:Gene therapy
2870:Biosynthesis
2848:Applications
2824:
2769:Spectroscopy
2739:Cell culture
2648:Fermentation
2517:All articles
2372:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2310:Compilations
2298:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2263:
2255:
2247:
2243:
2235:
2228:
2224:
2216:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2174:
2167:
2160:
2155:Liber ignium
2153:
2146:
2142:
2134:
2127:
2123:
2115:
2108:
2104:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2050:
2042:
2035:
1956:Robert Boyle
1911:Isaac Newton
1906:Hennig Brand
1891:Gerhard Dorn
1864:Early modern
1835:Petrus Bonus
1780:pseudo-Geber
1592:pseudo-Moses
1456:
1450:
1414:
1406:
1370:
1363:
1354:
1345:
1336:
1296:
1277:
1271:
1263:"Filtration"
1257:
1075:
1036:
1029:
1001:filter paper
954:Belt filters
931:
928:
911:caddis flies
894:
880:
862:
850:
838:Schmutzdecke
823:
806:, where the
781:
766:
750:
739:
736:Alternatives
727:
712:
689:
671:
650:
638:
613:filter paper
604:
599:
596:
581:
572:
557:Please help
545:
527:Filter media
514:
503:
502:
497:
496:
481:
480:
474:
473:
459:
458:
443:
416:
413:
261:
242:phagocytosis
235:
205:
201:
193:
189:
185:
169:
168:
162:
158:
137:
128:
118:
111:
104:
97:
90:"Filtration"
85:
73:Please help
68:verification
65:
48:
4811:WikiProject
4675:Calibration
4636:Dissolution
4575:Calorimetry
4427:Storm drain
4422:Sewage farm
4346:Vermifilter
4301:Septic tank
4261:Imhoff tank
4158:Temperature
4065:Return flow
4055:Papermaking
3790:Belt filter
3755:Sublimation
3645:Decantation
3549:Natriuresis
3414:Delta ratio
3400:Base excess
3311:Aldosterone
3022:Biorobotics
3012:Biomimetics
3007:Biomedicine
2440:Magnum opus
2410:Chrysopoeia
2332:De alchemia
2183:Mutus liber
2162:Liber lucis
2029:Major Works
1916:Jakob Böhme
1805:John Dastin
1749:al-Ṭughrāʾī
1635:Master Geng
1161:Beer portal
1056:rebreathers
1007:Air filters
956:to extract
946:filters in
746:decantation
730:precipitate
675:coffeemaker
658:backwashing
645:sand filter
621:belt filter
377:(including
364:lubrication
362:(typically
238:entrainment
198:filter cake
180:matter and
131:August 2018
4833:Filtration
4827:Categories
4716:Prominent
4641:Filtration
4568:Techniques
4549:Microscope
4392:Irrigation
4256:Filtration
3956:Wastewater
3879:Multiphase
3810:Evaporator
3795:Centrifuge
3685:Filtration
3680:Extraction
3620:Adsorption
3610:Absorption
3424:Buffering
3352:Body water
3331:Calcitriol
3251:Filtration
2977:Bioeconomy
2949:Stem cells
2902:Embryology
2825:Filtration
2815:Extraction
2734:Bioreactor
2485:Substances
2425:Homunculus
2091:Cantong Qi
2002:Fulcanelli
1946:Paracelsus
1739:al-Jildakī
1640:Wei Boyang
1547:Alchemists
1249:References
1039:dwell time
1032:adsorption
1013:Oil filter
907:arthropods
903:Ectoprocta
895:Vorticella
883:protoplasm
858:wastewater
788:glomerulus
686:Filter aid
419:separation
337:adsorption
266:up to the
263:Vorticella
250:absorption
246:adsorption
223:industrial
219:geological
215:biological
211:engineered
170:Filtration
101:newspapers
4610:Titration
4226:Clarifier
4173:Turbidity
4025:Greywater
3893:Azeotrope
3603:Processes
3410:Anion gap
3180:Clearance
3173:Secretion
3163:Creating
2820:Fed Batch
2720:and tools
2480:Processes
2445:Ouroboros
2266:(al-Rāzī)
1987:Carl Jung
1825:Ortolanus
1724:al-ʿIrāqī
1699:Artephius
1689:Alphidius
1649:Byzantine
1442:237996887
1398:239117840
1111:hopcalite
1084:mixtures.
800:urination
796:excretion
772:Excretion
700:cellulose
575:July 2020
546:does not
425:, i.e. a
393:, and in
389:from the
368:fuel oils
330:membranes
311:biofilter
206:pore size
4775:Category
4631:Dilution
4619:Sampling
4153:Salinity
4045:Leachate
3980:Bathroom
3907:Concepts
3898:Eutectic
3850:Scrubber
3825:Leachate
3705:Leaching
3650:Dialysis
3299:Hormones
3221:Chloride
3097:Category
3052:Virology
2954:Telomere
2601:Branches
2475:Yliaster
2055:Morienus
2021:Writings
1931:John Dee
1666:Synesius
1313:Archived
1133:See also
1025:colander
990:baghouse
917:Examples
901:and the
899:Rotifera
887:suctoria
834:annelids
830:rotifers
826:protozoa
814:Biofilms
804:protozoa
719:porosity
385:removes
356:magnetic
300:solution
227:colander
202:blinding
194:filtrate
190:oversize
163:filtrate
4787:Commons
4727:Analyst
4646:Masking
4080:Septage
3881:systems
3778:Devices
3725:Osmosis
3241:Protein
3231:Glucose
3109:Commons
2992:Biology
2885:Cloning
2663:Protein
2658:Plasmid
2566:History
2494:Unicode
2490:Symbols
2415:Element
2400:Athanor
2395:Alembic
2388:Various
1630:Ge Hong
1485:5035829
820:Biofilm
784:kidneys
721:of the
704:perlite
567:removed
552:sources
517:Gravity
410:Methods
375:animals
360:magnets
296:solvent
115:scholar
4799:Portal
4454:
4095:Toilet
4085:Sewage
4050:Manure
3665:Drying
3372:Plasma
3216:Sodium
3037:Mining
2970:fields
2629:Allele
2470:Takwin
1980:Modern
1567:Chymes
1483:
1473:
1440:
1430:
1396:
1386:
1284:
1062:using
962:mining
891:cillia
715:slurry
696:silica
615:(e.g.
521:vacuum
427:liquid
379:humans
221:, and
117:
110:
103:
96:
88:
4000:Brine
3860:Still
3554:Urine
3527:Other
3321:Renin
3165:urine
3061:Lists
2939:Omics
2465:Rebis
2405:Azoth
1481:S2CID
1438:S2CID
1394:S2CID
1316:(PDF)
1305:(PDF)
1236:Sieve
744:than
423:fluid
391:blood
387:waste
318:sieve
231:pasta
182:fluid
178:solid
122:JSTOR
108:books
4341:UASB
3486:Kt/V
3226:Urea
3154:and
2790:CSTR
2759:HPLC
2653:Gene
2634:Cell
1471:ISBN
1428:ISBN
1384:ISBN
1282:ISBN
1058:and
974:The
944:HEPA
936:The
832:and
792:urea
757:cake
723:cake
680:pump
609:mesh
550:any
548:cite
397:and
347:and
326:cake
256:and
248:and
159:feed
94:news
2830:PFR
2764:NMR
2643:RNA
2639:DNA
1461:doi
1420:doi
1376:doi
1054:in
960:in
798:by
561:by
431:gas
429:or
381:),
77:by
4829::
4148:pH
3354::
2496:,
1479:.
1469:.
1459:.
1436:.
1426:.
1392:.
1382:.
1353:.
1335:.
1324:^
1307:.
860:.
828:,
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635:).
631:,
627:,
623:,
619:,
278:.
244:,
240:,
233:.
217:,
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129:(
119:·
112:·
105:·
98:·
71:.
46:.
20:)
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