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or the alloy can be used as it is. For alloying with steel the ferroniobium is added to molten steel before casting. The largest producers of ferroniobium are the same as for niobium and are located in
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Jorgenson, John D.; Corathers, Lisa A.; Gambogi, Joseph; Kuck, Peter H.; Magyar, Michael J.; Papp, John F.; Shedd, Kim B.
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and covers more than 80% of the worldwide niobium production. The niobium is mined from
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alloy, with a niobium content of 60-70%. It is the main source for niobium alloying of
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ISO 5453:1980 Ferroniobium -- Specification and conditions of delivery
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deposits and is subsequently transformed into the niobium pentoxide Nb
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to niobium and iron. The component metals can be purified in an
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180:"The Production of Ferroniobium at the Niobec mine 1981-2011"
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145:C. K. Gupta; A. K. Suri; Gupta K. Gupta (1994).
210:J. Kouptsidis; F. Peters; D. Proch; W. Singer.
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87:"Minerals Yearbook 2006: Ferroalloys"
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178:Claude Dufresne; Ghislain Goyette.
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108:"Ferroniobium-Alloying Techniques"
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251:This alloy-related article is a
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148:Extractive Metallurgy of Niobium
94:United States Geological Survey
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255:. You can help Knowledge by
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46:. This oxide is mixed with
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16:Alloy of niobium and iron
60:aluminothermic reaction
110:. cbmm. Archived from
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20:Ferroniobium
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312:Alloy stubs
302:Ferroalloys
296:Categories
228:2008-09-02
196:2008-09-02
164:2008-08-29
132:References
118:2008-09-04
99:2009-04-24
48:iron oxide
36:pyrochlore
32:HSLA steel
52:aluminium
56:reduced
54:and is
28:niobium
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73:Canada
69:Brazil
58:in an
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