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Fernando Amorsolo

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namely Manuel (who followed in his father's footstep, with a degree in Fine Arts from the University of the Philippines), Jorge and Norma before he met his would-be second wife, Maria del Carmen. While they were still together, Virginia found an engagement ring in one of Amorsolo's drawers; she knew the ring was for Maria, that prompted her to leave his house with her three children.
899: 514:, which became his artistic trademark and his greatest contribution to Philippine painting. In a typical Amorsolo painting, figures are outlined against a characteristic glow, and intense light on one part of the canvas highlights nearby details. Philippine sunlight was a constant feature of Amorsolo's work; he is believed to have painted a rainy-day scene only once. 243:, his mother's cousin, who was also a Filipino painter. At the age of 13, Amorsolo became an apprentice to De la Rosa, who would eventually become the advocate and guide to Amorsolo's painting career. During this time, Amorsolo's mother did embroidery to earn money, while Amorsolo helped by selling water color postcards to a local bookstore for 10 348: 741:
Another critic, however, while noting that most of Amorsolo's estimated ten thousand works were underwhelming, considering his talent, argues that Amorsolo's oeuvre should nonetheless be judged by his best works instead of his worst. Amorsolo's small landscapes, especially those of his early career,
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During the war, he documented the destruction of many landmarks in Manila and the pain, tragedy and death experienced by Filipino people, with his subjects including "women mourning their dead husbands, files of people with pushcarts and makeshift bags leaving a dark burning city tinged with red from
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Amorsolo, acclaimed as “Painter of Philippine Sunlight,”is best known for his illuminated landscapes, which often portrayed traditional Filipino customs, culture, fiestas and occupations. His pastoral works presented "an imagined sense of nationhood in counterpoint to American colonial rule" and were
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The volume of paintings, sketches, and studies of Amorsolo is believed to have reached more than 10,000 pieces. Amorsolo was an important influence on contemporary Filipino art and artists, even beyond the so-called "Amorsolo school." Amorsolo's influence can be seen in many landscape paintings by
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During the 1950s until his death in 1972, Amorsolo averaged finishing 10 paintings a month. However, during his later years, diabetes, cataracts, arthritis, headaches, dizziness and the death of two of his sons affected the execution of his works. Amorsolo underwent a cataract operation when he was
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wrote in 1948 that Amorsolo's paintings "have nothing to say" and that they were not hard to understand because "there is nothing to understand." Critics have criticized Amorsolo's portraits of Philippine Commonwealth personalities, his large, mid-career anecdotal works, and his large historical
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During his lifetime, Amorsolo had a total of 20 children from two marriages and a common-law-wife. In 1916, he married Salud Tolentino Jorge, with whom he had six children; Salud died in 1931. He then met and lived with common-law wife, Virginia Guevarra Santos, with whom he had three children,
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required numerous detailed sketches and colored studies of its elements. These diverse elements were meticulously and carefully set by the artist before being transferred to the final canvas. For his pre-colonial and 16th-century depiction of the Philippines, Amorsolo referred to the written
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and Luz. But while they were married and Maria was giving birth to his children, Fernando had three more children with Virginia. His reputation was growing as fast as his brood and his work was more than enough to provide for his rather large family. Six of Amorsolo's children became artists
416:. Due to his popularity, Amorsolo had to resort to photographing his works, sticking and mounting them in an album allowing patrons to choose from this catalog of his work. Amorsolo avoided creating exact replicas of his trademark themes by recreating the paintings by varying some elements. 219:. He was recognized as such for his "pioneering use of impressionistic technique" as well as his skill in the use of lighting and backlighting in his paintings, "significant not only in the development of Philippine art but also in the formation of Filipino notions of self and identity." 475: 813:
In 2003, Amorsolo's children founded the Fernando C. Amorsolo Art Foundation, which is dedicated to preserving Fernando Amorsolo's legacy, promoting his style and vision, and preserving a national heritage through the conservation and promotion of his works.
390:. During his seven months in Spain, Amorsolo sketched at museums and along the streets of Madrid experimenting with the use of light and color. Still through the Zóbel grant, Amorsolo was also able to travel to New York City, where he encountered postwar 690:
After the onset of World War II, Amorsolo's typical pastoral scenes were replaced by the depictions of a war-torn nation. During the Japanese occupation of the Philippines during World War II, Amorsolo spent his days at his home near the Japanese
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for the Bureau of Public Works as a chief artist at the Pacific Commercial Company and as a part-time instructor at the University of the Philippines. He taught at the University for 38 years, including 14 years as director of the Art Department.
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at the Missionary Art Exhibit in Rome. In 1979, Fernando Amorsolo's legacy as a painter was celebrated through an exhibition of his works at the Art Center of the Manila Hilton. His art was also featured in a 2007 exhibition in Havana.
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By the 2010s, the prominence of local auction houses in the country has substantially increased the value of Amorsolo's works with the constant repatriation of Philippine art. On June 9, 2018, a 1931 work called the
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that previously was in the collection of American industrialist Edward J. Nell was sold at a record price of PHP 57.676 million at Leon Gallery in Manila, thus becoming the world record price for the artist.
557:. Amorsolo's impressionistic tendencies, which may be seen in his paintings as well, were at their height in his sketches. His figures were not completely finished but were mere "suggestions" of the image. 488:
important to the formation of Filipino national identity. He was educated in the classical tradition and aimed "to achieve his Philippine version of the Greek ideal for the human form." In his paintings of
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months after Fernando's birth, and the family lived there until his father died when Amorsolo was 11. While he studied in a public school in Daet, his parents taught him to read and write Spanish at home.
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as it was previously in the collection of Antonio Méilan Zóbel, the 4th Count of Peracamps, was sold at a Leon Gallery auction in Manila for a then-world record price of PHP46.720 million (US$ 883,883).
2245: 1960: 674: 215:(May 30, 1892 – April 24, 1972) was a portraitist and painter of rural Philippine landscapes. Nicknamed the "Grand Old Man of Philippine Art," he was the first-ever to be recognized as a 2298: 2012: 699:
fire and blood." Amorsolo frequently portrayed the lives and suffering of Filipina women during World War II. Other World War II-era paintings by Amorsolo include a portrait
2493: 1831: 1397:. In 1948 an Amorsolo exhibit was sponsored by the Art Association of the Philippines in the National Museum. In 1950, Amorsolo exhibited two more historical paintings, 822:
Since the 2000s, works by Amorsolo have achieved record prices at auction with the growth of the Philippine art market. On April 28, 2002, an early work from 1915 called
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paintings. Of the latter, critics have said that his "artistic temperament was simply not suited to generating the sense of dramatic tension necessary for such works."
537:. Vicki Bello further affirmed that her mother's 5 sisters had Amorsolo paintings. The painting stood at the National Museum of the Philippines' Gallery VI since 2015. 427:
His works later appeared on the cover and pages of children textbooks, in novels, in commercial designs, in cartoons and illustrations for Philippine publications such
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have been judged as his best works, "hold well together plastic-ally." Amorsolo may "be considered a master of the Philippine landscape as landscape, even outranking
1937: 1684: 887: 289:' School of Fine Arts, where De la Cruz taught at that time. During college, Fernando Amorsolo's primary influences were the Portuguese people court painter 1523: 270:
was his painting of a young man and a young woman in a garden, which won him the first prize in the art school exhibition during his graduation year.
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reached PHP 30.368 million at a Salcedo Auctions sale on March 13, 2021, presently the world record price for a post-war work by the artist.
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Amorsolo has been accused, however, of succumbing to commercialism and merely producing souvenir paintings for American soldiers. Critic
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as well as self-portraits and paintings of Japanese occupation soldiers. In 1948, Amorsolo's wartime paintings were exhibited at the
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In its wake, other works by Amorsolo have surpassed the PHP20 million mark including a 1946 genre work by Amorsolo titled
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Amorsolo also painted a series of historical paintings on pre-Colonial and Spanish Colonization events. Amorsolo's
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in 1955, has been frequently reproduced in commercial goods and has become a mainstay in Filipino popular culture.
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Amorsolo's supporters consider his portrayals of the countryside as "the true reflections of the Filipino Soul."
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in Quezon City for about two months, Amorsolo passed away of heart failure at the age of 79 on April 24, 1972.
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In 1935, Fernando married Maria del Carmen who gave him eight more children. Among her daughters with her are
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on November 6, 1948. During the 1931 Paris Exposition, Amorsolo exhibited one of his anecdotal paintings,
767: 617: 447:. He served as the director of the University of the Philippine's College of Fine Arts from 1938 to 1952. 1378: 648: 401:
Amorsolo set up his own studio upon his return to Manila and painted during the 1920s and the 1930s. His
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After his father's death, the family moved back to Manila, where they stayed with one of his uncles, Don
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After three years as an instructor and commercial artist, Amorsolo was given a grant to study at the
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previously held by an American-based collector sold for PHP20.83 million (US$ 434,067) also at a
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Amorsolo was sought after by influential Filipinos including Luis Araneta, Antonio Araneta and
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of the late Florencia "Nena" Singson Gonzalez-Belo (September 29, 1927-May 11, 2016), wife of
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auction in Hong Kong. This record on May 30, 2010, was later broken as a work from 1923
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Frank Castle, Castle Fine Arts, expert appraiser on the Antiques Roadshow, PBS, 2005
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Outside the Philippines, his exhibitions were held in Belgium, at the Exposicion de
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at the University of Washington, and the Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center at the
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Sketch of a woman, whose unfinished style is representative of Amorsolo's sketching
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Philippine Department of Foreign Affairs, March 2, 2007. Retrieved August 1, 2007.
2246:"Fernando Amorsolo's 'Under the Mango Tree' sold for P57 million, sets new record" 1900: 419: 3219: 3031: 3025: 2877: 2818: 2800: 2376: 2337: 1995: 1907: 1876: 1835: 1747: 863: 629: 588: 413: 339:. Amorsolo graduated with medals from the University of the Philippines in 1914. 314: 244: 3259: 3073: 2629: 1353:
In 1972, Fernando Amorsolo became the first Filipino to be distinguished as the
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in Painting. He was named as the "Grand Old Man of Philippine Art" during the
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After graduating from the University of the Philippines, Amorsolo worked as a
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23.360 million on February 23, 2019. More recently, a 1949 genre work called
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Amorsolo's first success as a young painter came in 1908, when his painting
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70 years old, a surgery that did not impede him from drawing and painting.
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Filipino artists, including early landscape paintings by abstract painter
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Four days after his death, Amorsolo was posthumously honored as the first
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in Panama were a portrait of U.S. President Woodrow Wilson and the piece
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1922 – 1st Prize, Commercial and Industrial Fair in the Manila Carnival
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who also did some Philippine landscapes of the same dimensions."
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sold for a record price of PHP19.136 million (US$ 376,177) at a
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Amorsolo used natural light in his paintings and developed the
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1963 – Diploma of Merit from the University of the Philippines
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1940 – Outstanding University of the Philippines Alumnus Award
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officially identified Amorsolo's last known painting of an
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in Manila displays a major collection of Amorsolo's work.
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Sketch of Florencia "Nena" Singson Gonzalez-Belo, wife of
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by Fernando Amorsolo, depicting Filipinos celebrating the
2201:"Lot 39: FERNANDO AMORSOLO (1892 - 1972) - Planting Rice" 1881:
What is Philippine about Philippine Art? and Other Essays
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Amorsolo was a close friend of the Philippine sculptor
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Jorge B. Vargas Museum and Filipiniana Research Center
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La destruccion de Manila por los salvajes japoneses
762:Amorsolo's grave in Loyola Memorial Park, Marikina 398:which would become major influences on his work. 3401: 2096:"Fernando Amorsolo (1892-1972)- Mango Gatherers" 1062:The Destruction of Manila by the Savage Japanese 2370:"Havana Inaugurates Philippine Modern Exhibit." 2224: 2120:Khaye Dave, Kimberly Kathreen (June 20, 2018). 2035:. FernandoAmorsolo.com. Retrieved July 2, 2007. 549:artist, often drawing sketches at his home, at 227:Fernando Amorsolo was born on May 30, 1892, in 31: and the second or maternal family name is 2290: 1924: 1922: 1920: 1618: 1616: 1614: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1606: 1550:"Order of National Artists: Fernando Amorsolo" 309:, but mostly his contemporary Spanish masters 3148: 2487: 2028: 2026: 2024: 2022: 1349:, from the Cultural Center of the Philippines 1301:1929 – 1st Prize, New York's World Fair, for 1102:Fruit Pickers Harvesting Under the Mango Tree 636:. He also painted the wedding picture of Don 3117:National Commission for Culture and the Arts 1554:National Commission for Culture and the Arts 592:, in particular, was widely reproduced. His 204:Order of National Artists of the Philippines 2342:. CRIBS Foundation, Inc. 2008. p. 25. 1917: 1603: 873:On 14 September 2024, Amorsolo's 1929 work 660:Warren G. Magnuson Health Sciences Building 222: 3155: 3141: 2494: 2480: 2244:Yap, Jade Veronique (September 15, 2024). 2119: 2019: 1864: 1572: 1570: 1221: 50: 2339:Fernando Amorsolo Seven-Museum Exhibition 2173:"The Asian Cultural Council Auction 2019" 1983: 1981: 1895: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1862: 1860: 1858: 1856: 1854: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1846: 1844: 1622: 1272:Learn how and when to remove this message 955:Learn how and when to remove this message 685: 576:is representative of Amorsolo's sketching 2512:Pambansang Alagad ng Sining ng Pilipinas 1767: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1755: 897: 860:Compañía General de Tabacos de Filipinas 804: 788: 757: 713: 672: 559: 473: 418: 346: 272: 1792: 1714: 1576: 1567: 1342:1963 – Republic Cultural Heritage Award 1194:US Senator Warren Magnuson Oil Portrait 616:Amorsolo also painted oil portraits of 482: 469: 165: 1916; died 1931) 3402: 1978: 1886: 1841: 1819: 1817: 1518: 1516: 1337:Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinangan Award 725: 3136: 2475: 2033:"Fernando C. Amorsolo Art Foundation" 1958: 1752: 1381:in New York City in 1925, and at the 677:Detail from Fernando Amorsolo's 1945 3460:University of the Philippines alumni 2296: 1793:Singian, Lala (September 11, 2024). 1715:Gallery, Ateneo Art (July 5, 2022). 1710: 1708: 1706: 1704: 1702: 1683:. September 27, 2007. Archived from 1675: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1649: 1423:themselves. His descendants include 1368: 1254:adding citations to reliable sources 1225: 1153:(Multiple versions: 1946, 1949 with 1085:The First Baptism in the Philippines 1025:Confeccion de la Standarte Nacionale 987:Assassination of Governor Bustamante 937:adding citations to reliable sources 908: 858:previously in the collection of the 679:Defence of a Filipina Woman's Honour 607:Confeccion de la Standarte Nacionale 594:The First Baptism in the Philippines 264:Asociacion Internacional de Artistas 81:Captaincy General of the Philippines 3430:Burials at the Loyola Memorial Park 3410:National Artists of the Philippines 2503:National Artists of the Philippines 2418:Fernando C. Amorsolo Art Foundation 2243: 2225:@salcedoauctions (March 16, 2021). 1959:Tunac, Hermes Joy (July 10, 2024). 1814: 1650:Wang, Nickie (September 13, 2008). 1513: 1290:Asocacion Internacional de Artistas 1052:Defense of a Filipina Woman's Honor 647:He also did a portrait of American 458:, the creator of Filipino patriot 321:’ first novel in Tagalog language, 13: 3122:Cultural Center of the Philippines 2297:Cruz, Jasmine (January 28, 2015). 2277:Leon Gallery Fine Art and Antiques 2180:Leon Gallery Fine Art and Antiques 2152:Leon Gallery Fine Art and Antiques 2100:Leon Gallery Fine Art and Antiques 1930:"Fernando C. Amorsolo (1892-1972)" 1643: 1584:. Asian Art Museum. Archived from 1377:in 1914, at a one-man show at the 817: 784:Cultural Center of the Philippines 780:National Artist of the Philippines 581:Historical paintings and portraits 519:National Museum of the Philippines 217:National Artist of the Philippines 14: 3471: 3375:Fernando Zóbel de Ayala y Montojo 2411: 1699: 1666: 1329:, from the Far Eastern University 1325:1961 – Honorary Doctorate in the 1288:1908 – 2nd Prize, Bazar Escolta ( 1091:The First Mass in the Philippines 967:Major works by Amorsolo include: 3386: 3385: 3164: 2565: 2002:(2003). Retrieved June 30, 2007. 1914:(2003). Retrieved June 30, 2007. 1577:Hallman, Tim (August 11, 2006). 1409: 1307:Noonday Meal of the Rice Workers 1230: 981:Noonday Meal of the Rice Workers 913: 386:, Spain by Filipino businessman 198: 2382: 2363: 2330: 2316: 2265: 2237: 2218: 2193: 2165: 2140: 2113: 2088: 2063: 2038: 2005: 1989:"Amorsolo's Brush with History" 1952: 1786: 1771:Paras-Perez, Rodriguez (1992). 1629:Encyclopedia of World Biography 1387:The Conversion of the Filipinos 1241:needs additional citations for 1035:The Conversion of the Filipinos 924:needs additional citations for 407:Commonwealth of the Philippines 277:Young Fernando Amorsolo in 1917 182: 162: 3425:20th-century Filipino painters 1773:Fernando C. Amorsolo: Drawings 1734: 1542: 1487: 1303:Afternoon Meal of Rice Workers 997:The Bombing of the Intendencia 893: 640:and Doña Caridad Pamintuan of 1: 1481: 1389:. Amorsolo's entries at the 1322:1961 – Rizal Pro Patria Award 1029:Making of the Philippine Flag 977:Afternoon Meal of the Workers 824:Portrait of Fernanda de Jesus 793:Amorsolo grave-statue in 2023 664:National Institutes of Health 611:Making of the Philippine Flag 287:University of the Philippines 262:, a contest organized by the 130:University of the Philippines 1355:Philippine's National Artist 1188:Sunday Morning Going to Town 1134:(1920; lost in World War II) 1068:Early Filipino State Wedding 856:Cooking under the Mango Tree 766:After being confined at the 23:, the first or paternal 7: 3445:People from Camarines Norte 3435:Filipino landscape painters 2375:September 27, 2007, at the 1875:September 28, 2007, at the 1834:September 27, 2007, at the 1623:Gale, Thomson (2005–2006). 1434: 1379:Grand Central Art Galleries 848:Conde de Peracamps Amorsolo 540: 366:depicted in the background. 247:each. His younger brother, 10: 3476: 3440:Filipino portrait painters 3391:Category:Filipino painters 3255:Félix Resurrección Hidalgo 2422:Photographs of Amorsolo's 1681:"Cultural Heritage - Home" 1476:Félix Resurrección Hidalgo 1003:The Building of Intramuros 881: 658:from Washington, whom the 545:Amorsolo was an incessant 281:After graduating from the 18: 3383: 3175: 3112: 2999: 2940: 2845: 2738: 2721: 2644: 2621: 2574: 2563: 2518: 2509: 1800:Philippine Daily Inquirer 1339:, from the City of Manila 1119:St. Michael the Archangel 773: 342: 258:took second place at the 251:, also became a painter. 213:Fernando Amorsolo y Cueto 193: 145: 135: 125: 110: 91: 63:Fernando Amorsolo y Cueto 58: 49: 42: 3455:People from Paco, Manila 1838:(requires registration). 1775:. Manila: Lopez Museum. 1403:Baptism of Rajah Humabon 1347:Gawad CCP para sa Sining 753: 523:unfinished creative work 441:El Renacimiento Filipino 380:Academia de San Fernando 223:Early life and education 3190:Federico Aguilar Alcuaz 3092:Federico Aguilar Alcuaz 2985:Amelia Lapeña-Bonifacio 2645:Film and Broadcast Arts 2545:Ildefonso P. Santos Jr. 1899:Amorsolo Lazo, Sylvia. 1654:. Manila Standard Today 1441:Arts of the Philippines 1222:Awards and achievements 800:Federico Aguilar Alcuaz 325:("Punishment of God"), 311:Joaquín Sorolla Bastida 3360:Romeo Villalva Tabuena 2890:Felipe Padilla de León 2432:other personal effects 1994:June 21, 2007, at the 1870:"An Amorsolo Festival" 1746:July 23, 2020, at the 1524:"Fernando C. Amorsolo" 906: 838:auction in Hong Kong. 810: 794: 763: 722: 686:World War II-era works 682: 603:Epifanio de los Santos 577: 504: 479: 424: 423:Amorsolo in his studio 388:Enrique Zóbel de Ayala 367: 278: 114:Loyola Memorial Park, 2955:Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero 2932:Fides Cuyugan-Asensio 2866:Antonino Buenaventura 2722:Historical Literature 2636:Salvacion Lim Higgins 2000:Lopez Memorial Museum 1912:Lopez Memorial Museum 1906:July 2, 2007, at the 1823:"Fernando Amorsolo". 1687:on September 27, 2007 1631:. Thomson Corporation 1399:Faith Among the Ruins 1395:La Muerte de Socrates 1013:The Burning of Manila 901: 808: 792: 761: 717: 676: 652:Warren Grant Magnuson 563: 494: 477: 422: 350: 307:Pierre-Auguste Renoir 276: 233:Daet, Camarines Norte 152:Salud Tolentino Jorge 2653:Lamberto V. Avellana 2467:. November 26, 2019. 2444:at Allinson Gallery. 1825:Filipinos in History 1591:on February 20, 2012 1451:José Honorato Lozano 1420:Sylvia Amorsolo-Lazo 1250:improve this article 933:improve this article 875:Under the Mango Tree 846:better known as the 654:(1905–1989), of the 638:Mariano Garchitorena 483:Women and landscapes 470:Style and techniques 256:Leyendo el periódico 3062:J. 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Index

Spanish name
surname

Paco, Manila
Captaincy General of the Philippines
Spanish Empire
Quezon City
Marikina
Philippines
University of the Philippines
Painting

Order of National Artists of the Philippines
National Artist of the Philippines
Metro Manila
Daet, Camarines Norte
Fabián de la Rosa
centavos
Pablo Amorsolo

University of the Philippines
Diego Velázquez
John Singer Sargent
Anders Zorn
Claude Monet
Pierre-Auguste Renoir
Joaquín Sorolla Bastida
Ignacio Zuloaga
Severino Reyes
Iñigo Ed. Regalado

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