209:. In the South, there was "an unprecedented social experiment in women's education". Southern female seminaries educated daughters, and "education in a renowned and fashionable seminary conferred social capital as well as intellectual and artistic satisfaction". Trends throughout the United States included expanding facilities in a more institutional format, with more academic classes. Classical building structures became a norm, in sharp contrast to earlier forms of female education. By midcentury, "female seminaries and academies were everywhere, replacing the homelike atmosphere of boarding schools with a more institutional setting". Within were housed chapels, classrooms, dining halls, and dormitories.
17:
216:
in the 1830s. The movement was heavily informed by the female seminary movement in New
England, from which it drew many of its teachers. In states that had not yet instituted free public secondary schools, both female and coeducational seminaries often emerged as private solutions to this need.
169:
towns, female seminaries were a vital and influential force in the "training of New
England women between 1815 and 1840... they were scattered throughout the region." Such seminaries offered advanced training for daughters of farmers and professionals. While sentimental values were core, emotional
86:, which had offered a more family-like atmosphere. In contrast, seminaries were often larger institutions run by more professional teachers, equivalent to men's colleges. Such parity between men's and women's education had been demanded by notable educators and women's rights activists such as
194:. While they may not have been a force for freeing women, "many teachers, some missionaries, many ministers' wives, and numerous other useful citizens" were counted among alumnae. New England seminaries propagated numerous direct descendants including
123:. The new word connoted a certain seriousness. The seminary saw its task primarily as professional preparation. The male seminary prepared men for the ministry; the female seminary took as its earnest job the training of women for teaching and for
106:
in 1823, promoted female education and teaching in the
American West in the 1830s, and in 1851 started the American Women's Educational Association. Much was at stake in women's education, which was reflected in the very name "seminary":
244:
75:. Originally established as a primary school, it later became an academy (high school) and finally a college. It is the oldest female educational establishment that is still a women's college (
67:. Established as a seminary for girls, it eventually became the Moravian Seminary and College for Women and later merged with nearby schools to become the coeducational
584:
47:. Some trace its roots to 1815, and characterize it as at the confluence of various liberation movements. Some of the seminaries gradually developed as
630:
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134:
Of 6085 seminaries and academies operating in the United States in the period circa 1850, fully half were devoted to women, many of them started by
35:
educational institution for women, popular especially in the United States in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, when opportunities in
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Many of these institutions received state aid, and many subsequently merged into the local public school districts. A few, such as the
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178:. Discipline was a main goal, not student liberation or a "broadening of their limited horizons". The seminaries managed to inculcate
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in the period 1820–1850. Supporting academic education for women, the seminaries were part of a large and growing trend toward
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Southern iterations were among the country's most advanced, offering the equivalent of four-year college programs before the
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82:
Female seminaries were a cultural phenomenon across the United States in the mid-nineteenth century. They succeeded the
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329:
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585:"Supreme Court Associate Justice James Clark McReynolds (1862–1946): Principled Defender of the Federal Constitution"
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Alma Mater: Design and
Experience in the Women's Colleges from Their Nineteenth-Century Beginnings to the 1930s (2e)
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in 1821, which is hailed as the first institute in the US for women's higher education. Beecher (the sister of
40:
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Malkmus, Doris (2003). "Frances Wood Shimer, Cindarella
Gregory, and the 1853 founding of Shimer College".
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Sweet, Leonard I. (March 1985). "The Female
Seminary Movement and Woman's Mission in Antebellum America".
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Women's
Education Evolves, 1790–1890 – Selected Primary Works from the W.L. Clements Library
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admitted men and changed its name. It is now known as the
University of the Cumberlands.
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piety and religious revival were key features. They served to propagate and disseminate
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List of current and historical women's universities and colleges in the United States
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71:. The Girls' School of the Single Sister's House was founded in 1772 in what is now
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were scarce. The movement was a significant part of a remarkable transformation in
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Some seminaries were converted to coeducational institutions. For example, the
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782:. Vol. 1. New York: The Science Press (reprinted by Octagon Books).
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Beginnings of
Sisterhood: The American Woman's Rights Movement, 1800–1850
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225:), avoided this fate and continued as independent women's institutions.
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138:. The female seminary movement helped foster a huge growth in female
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79:), and the oldest female institution in the Southern United States.
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The
Development of the Free Public High School in Illinois to 1860
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631:"Aspects of the Changing Status of New England Women, 1790–1840"
562:(2nd ed.). University of Massachusetts Press. p. 11.
142:; the rate went from being half that of males to matching it.
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456:"Academies & Seminaries Women's Education Home Page"
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A History of Women's Education in the United States
756:. Illinois Historic Preservation Agency: 195–214.
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659:Farnham, Christie Anne (January 1, 1994).
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375:. The Student Historical Journal 1984–1985
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212:Female seminaries began to emerge in the
111:In the early nineteenth century the word
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281:(1966 reprint ed.). Octagon Books.
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255:Women's colleges in the United States
240:Female education in the United States
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423:. New York: Schocken Books. p.
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295:. Illinois State Historical Society.
662:The Education of the Southern Belle
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330:American Society of Church History
266:widely referred to as a "seminary"
37:educational institutions for women
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532:. Rutgers UP. pp. xii–xiii.
526:(2002). Nicole Tonkovich (ed.).
262:- an educational institution in
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73:Winston-Salem, North Carolina
21:Mount Holyoke Female Seminary
583:Smith, Megan (Summer 2006).
358:article consists of 15 pages
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750:Journal of Illinois History
464:William L. Clements Library
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10:
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326:Cambridge University Press
147:Green River Female Academy
117:began to replace the word
54:
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893:
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635:Sturbridge, Massachusetts
554:Horowitz, Helen Lefkowitz
529:The American Woman's Home
415:Melder, Keith E. (1977).
61:Bethlehem Female Seminary
986:Female education in STEM
637:: Old Sturbridge Village
104:Hartford Female Seminary
65:Germantown, Pennsylvania
923:Lists of girls' schools
63:was founded in 1742 in
778:Woody, Thomas (1929).
524:Stowe, Harriet Beecher
468:University of Michigan
396:Cite journal requires
277:Woody, Thomas (1929).
219:Mount Carroll Seminary
136:Evangelical Christians
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94:. Willard founded the
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520:Beecher, Catharine A.
498:People of Connecticut
161:Regional developments
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100:Harriet Beecher Stowe
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976:Socioeconomic impact
221:(which later became
96:Troy Female Seminary
1017:Women and education
702:, pp. 366–368.
604:: 1. Archived from
494:"Emma Hart Willard"
172:sexual stereotypes
49:four-year colleges
41:American education
25:
994:
993:
689:978-0-8147-2615-0
602:Upsilon Sigma Phi
539:978-0-8135-3079-6
371:Donnaway, Laura.
328:on behalf of the
92:Catharine Beecher
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88:Emma Willard
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641:January 17,
478:January 17,
271:Works cited
192:domesticity
167:New England
151:Todd County
1001:Categories
712:Woody 1929
700:Woody 1929
615:2010-11-17
504:21 January
379:21 January
301:References
188:discipline
128:motherhood
125:Republican
933:Hong Kong
928:Australia
833:Geography
762:1522-0532
670:NYU Press
354:145365062
332:: 41–55.
207:Civil War
196:Lake Erie
971:Timeline
918:Seminary
865:Pakistan
845:Cambodia
788:15153322
556:(1993).
289:(1919).
260:Midrasha
229:See also
155:Kentucky
140:literacy
114:seminary
906:College
860:Nigeria
346:3165749
214:Midwest
184:decorum
180:manners
120:academy
55:History
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850:India
609:(PDF)
588:(PDF)
350:S2CID
342:JSTOR
324:(1).
31:is a
911:list
855:Laos
784:OCLC
758:ISSN
685:ISBN
674:ISBN
643:2012
564:ISBN
534:ISBN
506:2012
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