220:. The Act also limited the amount campaigns could spend on broadcast media to 60% of their total campaign spending limitation. Additionally, the Act required broadcast and non-broadcast media to charge the lowest unit rate for advertisements for all candidates within the 45 days leading up to a primary election and the 60 days leading up to a general election. Despite several debates on the issue, the Act did not repeal Section 315 of the
245:
more than $ 1,000 during a calendar year. Political committees were required to keep track of the name, occupation, address, and amount that any person contributes if that amount exceeded $ 10. Additionally, the Act outlawed making contributions in the name of another person or knowingly accepting contributions that are being made in the name of another person.
232:
Promises of rewards or gifts were prohibited under FECA, meaning that a candidate for office could not offer employment or other benefits in exchange for donations or other forms of political aid. The Act also placed a cap on the amount a candidate could spend of their own money on their campaign at
244:
The Act required candidates for federal office to disclose the expenditures they made and contributions they received if those amounts totaled more than $ 100. Candidates were also required to disclose the structure and membership of their political committees if they intended to receive and spend
180:
In 1970, President Nixon vetoed the
Political Broadcast Act of 1970, a bill that aimed to establish laws regulating campaign spending on television and radio. President Nixon claimed that the Political Broadcast Act did not sufficiently limit campaign expenditures, noting that it "plugged only one
127:
on activities like increasing voter turnout and registration. In 1979, the FEC ruled that political parties could spend unregulated or "soft" money for non-federal administrative and party building activities. Later, this money was used for candidate-related issue ads, which led to a substantial
283:
struck down several key provisions of the 1974 amendments, including limits on spending by candidate campaigns, limits on the ability of citizens to spend money independently of a campaign, and limits on the amount of money a candidate could donate to his or her own campaign. The case also
256:
for
Presidential elections, the Secretary of the Senate for Senatorial elections, and the Clerk of the House for House of Representatives elections. Candidates were also required to report finances to the Secretary of State's office in the state they are running for elected office in.
181:
hole in a sieve." This bill was an attempt to regulate election spending, but despite having the necessary membership to override the veto, Senate
Democrats did not pass the law without the President's signature. Subsequently, Senator
95:. The law originally focused on creating limits for campaign spending on communication media, adding additional penalties to the criminal code for election law violations, and imposing disclosure requirements for federal
2311:
265:
Following the 1972 Presidential election, Congress amended the FECA in 1974 to set limits on contributions by individuals, political parties and PACs. The 1974 amendments also established an independent agency, the
216:
The Act limited campaign expenditures for broadcast media, newspaper advertisement, and telephone calls to $ 0.10 per voter in the district they're running in when adjusted for inflation using the
882:
2031:
270:(FEC) to enforce the law, facilitate disclosure and administer the public funding program. The FEC commenced in 1975 and administered the first publicly funded presidential election in 1976.
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was called. On
December 14, 1971, the Senate agreed to the conference report, and on January 19, 1972, the House agreed to the conference report, sending the bill to President Nixon.
1061:
132:
of 2002 ("BCRA"), effective on
January 1, 2003, which banned soft money expenditure by parties. Some of the legal limits on giving of "hard money" were also changed by BCRA.
590:
525:
506:
2178:
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310:
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308:, more commonly referred to as "McCainâFeingold." However, major portions of McCain-Feingold were struck down by the Supreme Court on constitutional grounds in
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358:
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2419:
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909:
17:
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233:$ 50,000 for Presidential and Vice Presidential candidates, $ 35,000 for Senate candidates, and $ 25,000 for candidates for the House of Representatives.
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in 1947. These acts sought to regulate corporate and union spending in campaigns for federal office, and mandated public disclosure of campaign donors.
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626:
326:(2010). The Citizens United ruling also struck down FECA's complete ban on corporate and union independent spending, originally passed as part of the
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including the structure of the FEC and the limits on campaign expenditures, and again in 1979 to allow parties to spend unlimited amounts of
199:
In the House, the Act passed on
November 30, 1971 by a vote of 372â23. Because the House version was not identical to the Senate version, a
145:
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591:
https://li.proquest.com/legislativeinsight/docview?id=PL92-225&index=1&rsid=183B880B1A5&docType=LEG_HIST&resultsClick=true
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https://li.proquest.com/legislativeinsight/docview?id=PL92-225&index=1&rsid=183B82D5334&docType=LEG_HIST&resultsClick=true
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https://li.proquest.com/legislativeinsight/docview?id=PL92-225&index=1&rsid=183B82D5334&docType=LEG_HIST&resultsClick=true
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196:. After passing the Senate Committee on Commerce by a vote of 18â0, the Act passed the Senate floor on August 5, 1971 by a vote of 88-2.
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The Act was first introduced to the Senate
Subcommittee on Communications of the Committee on Commerce on March 2, 1971 by Senator
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Violations of the policies outlined in the Act carried fines of up to $ 1,000 and up to one year of imprisonment, or both.
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296:. Major amendments were also made in 1979 to streamline the disclosure process and expand the role of political parties.
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1501:
1423:
77:
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Goldman, Jerry; Berry, Jeffrey M. "Congress and Public Policy: a Study of the
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971".
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substantially narrowed the category of independent political expenditures subject to mandatory donor disclosure.
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https://li.proquest.com/legislativeinsight/docview?id=CR-1971-1130-PL92-225-H&p=183B846A58B&uid=1046
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https://li.proquest.com/legislativeinsight/docview?id=CR-1971-1130-PL92-225-H&p=183B846A58B&uid=1046
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https://li.proquest.com/legislativeinsight/docview?id=CR-1971-1130-PL92-225-H&p=183B846A58B&uid=1046
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https://li.proquest.com/legislativeinsight/docview?id=CR-1971-1130-PL92-225-H&p=183B846A58B&uid=1046
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increase in soft money contributions and expenditures in elections. This in turn led to passage of the
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690:
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https://li.proquest.com/legislativeinsight/docview?id=HRG-1971-COM-0049&p=183B82D5B54&uid=1009
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2006:
1847:
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1263:
1222:
88:
401:"Richard Nixon: "Statement on Signing the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971.," February 7, 1972"
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716:
720:
224:, a requirement that media companies offer equal broadcast time to candidates for federal office.
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2343:
2185:
1981:
1941:
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1637:
1607:
482:
Hearings before the
Subcommittee on Communications of the Committee on Commerce (1971, March 2).
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The act was amended again in 1976, in response to the provisions ruled unconstitutional by
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8:
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and called for a ban of corporate contributions for political purposes. In response, the
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863:
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Further amendments to the FECA were made in 1976 to conform the law with the ruling in
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introduced S. 382, later to be known as FECA, to the Senate on
January 26, 1971 in the
141:
96:
2428:
1865:
1773:
1372:
951:
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831:- organization that exposes money's influence on politics to promote political reform
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837:"Making law with lawsuits: understanding judicial review in campaign finance policy"
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156:, which banned the corporate contributions. Further regulation followed in the
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2021:
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360:
Attorney Michael Cohen conviction on Trump 2016 POTUS campaign finance charge
103:
1379:
766:- archived site links to various related court briefs and judicial opinions
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1095:
1024:
779:
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27:
U.S. federal law regulating political campaign spending and fundraising
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438:
Presidential Signing Statement, Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971.
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763:
731:
69:
794:- analysis and reviews on campaign finance, communication and ethics
501:
Report of the Senate Committee on Commerce on S. 382 (1971, May 6).
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785:
160:
enacted in 1910, and subsequent amendments in 1910 and 1925, the
803:
775:
311:
Federal Election Commission v. Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc.
32:
This article is about the campaign act. For other uses, see
917:
458:"Congress Braces for a Battle Over Campaign Spending Curbs"
809:
398:
2296:
Federal Election Campaign Act Amendments of 1974 and 1976
2066:
1760:
National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
782:
site for tracking campaign contributions and expenditures
752:(Federal Election Commission general regulations) of the
73:
1827:
Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972
1624:
Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974
828:
610:"House Delays Vote on Campaign Spending Control Bill".
380:"Campaign Spending: Major Reform Bill Neared Passage".
1673:
Emergency Daylight Saving Time Energy Conservation Act
825:- organization opposed to campaign finance regulations
812:- organization advocating campaign finance regulations
806:- organization advocating campaign finance regulations
304:
In 2002, major revisions to the FECA were made by the
1525:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
800:- organization advocating public funding of campaigns
758:
2257:
Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States
772:- Congressional Quarterly campaign funding news site
1645:
Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act of 1972
1301:
Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants
113:(FEC) and to further regulate campaign spending.
870:
627:"Campaign Spending Curb Is Sent to Nixon by House"
53:
2539:Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products
2326:Vietnam Era Veterans' Readjustment Assistance Act
2667:
2019:
1790:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1652:Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973
2509:Energy Research and Development Administration
1474:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
440:Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents.
323:Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
2052:
1532:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
903:
786:National Institute on Money in State Politics
2706:Campaign finance reform in the United States
676:The FEC and the Federal Campaign Finance Law
2367:National Mass Transportation Assistance Act
1746:Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act
1359:Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973
1324:Equal Educational Opportunities Act of 1974
407:. University of California - Santa Barbara.
287:
227:
109:In 1974, the act was amended to create the
93:political campaign fundraising and spending
2686:United States federal election legislation
2289:Education for All Handicapped Children Act
2229:Vladivostok Summit Meeting on Arms Control
2059:
2045:
1592:Securities Investor Protection Corporation
910:
896:
563:Congressional Record (1971, December 14).
539:Congressional Record (1971, November 30).
239:
211:
1562:Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention Act
585:Congressional Record (1972, January 19).
2030:) is being considered for deletion. See
1331:Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972
881:) is being considered for deletion. See
788:- information on money in state politics
417:
353:McConnell v. Federal Election Commission
2628:Water Resources Development Act of 1976
1855:Water Resources Development Act of 1974
1680:Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act
1569:Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970
1548:U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission
541:United States House of Representatives.
520:Congressional Record (1971, August 5).
14:
2691:Federal elections of the United States
2668:
2591:Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
2584:Hazardous Materials Transportation Act
2351:Federal-Aid Highway Amendments of 1974
2243:National Security Study Memorandum 200
1753:National Ambient Air Quality Standards
1431:Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970
656:Public Law 92-225 (1972, February 7).
624:
587:United States House of Representatives
455:
206:
175:
2696:Campaign finance in the United States
2452:Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board
2093:VP confirmation of Nelson Rockefeller
2040:
1709:Environmental Quality Improvement Act
1481:Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1970
1366:Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act
891:
834:
737:Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971
717:Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971
652:
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605:
603:
601:
581:
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340:Campaign finance in the United States
45:Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971
18:Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971
2621:Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976
2404:Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation
2381:Commodity Futures Trading Commission
1271:Minority Business Development Agency
704:As codified in 52 U.S.C. chapter 301
691:As codified in 52 U.S.C. chapter 301
456:Weaver, Warren (February 15, 1971).
317:Davis v. Federal Election Commission
2358:Federal Bridge Gross Weight Formula
1813:Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement
1578:Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act
1285:Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act
1216:Prevention of Nuclear War Agreement
625:Weaver, Warren (January 20, 1972).
614:(29): 2668â2670. December 25, 1971.
589:. U.S. Government Printing Office.
567:. U.S. Government Printing Office.
34:Federal Employees' Compensation Act
24:
2525:Energy Policy and Conservation Act
2445:Securities Acts Amendments of 1975
1666:Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act
1585:Securities Investor Protection Act
1518:Occupational Safety and Health Act
1502:Economic Stabilization Act of 1970
1424:District of Columbia Home Rule Act
660:. U.S. Government Printing Office
645:
598:
576:
552:
399:Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T.
299:
260:
58:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
25:
2717:
2502:Energy Reorganization Act of 1974
2034:to help reach a consensus. âș
1781:Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1970
1716:National Environmental Policy Act
885:to help reach a consensus. âș
835:Curry, Rebecca (March 22, 2013).
684:
543:U.S. Government Printing Office.
524:U.S. Government Printing Office.
505:U.S. Government Printing Office.
486:U.S. Government Printing Office.
99:. The Act was signed into law by
2570:Federal Noxious Weed Act of 1974
1767:New Source Performance Standards
1702:Council on Environmental Quality
254:Government Accountability Office
1804:Coastal Zone Management Program
1725:Environmental Protection Agency
1488:Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1973
1403:Federal Contested Elections Act
1387:Drug Enforcement Administration
1345:End Stage Renal Disease Program
816:Center for Competitive Politics
750:Title 11 Chapter I Subchapter A
732:Statute Compilations collection
618:
405:The American Presidency Project
382:Congressional Quarterly Almanac
248:Reports were to be sent to the
1841:Endangered Species Act of 1973
1834:Endangered Species Act of 1969
1438:Congressional Research Service
1018:VP confirmation of Gerald Ford
533:
514:
495:
476:
449:
436:Nixon, R. (1972, February 7).
430:
420:Harvard Journal on Legislation
411:
392:
373:
306:Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act
130:Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act
13:
1:
2516:Nuclear Regulatory Commission
1659:Federal Energy Administration
1410:Federal Election Campaign Act
1195:Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty
844:Suffolk University Law Review
366:
158:Federal Corrupt Practices Act
135:
2390:Home Mortgage Disclosure Act
2282:Equal Credit Opportunity Act
1820:Marine Mammal Protection Act
1732:Clean Air Amendments of 1970
1352:Supplemental Security Income
1294:Education Amendments of 1972
7:
2701:Federal Election Commission
2681:92nd United States Congress
2546:Strategic Petroleum Reserve
2303:Federal Election Commission
1797:Coastal Zone Management Act
1555:Consumer Product Safety Act
1338:National Cancer Act of 1971
976:1970 Lincoln Memorial visit
919:Presidency of Richard Nixon
878:Presidency of Richard Nixon
759:Federal Election Commission
754:Code of Federal Regulations
712:US House of Representatives
333:
268:Federal Election Commission
111:Federal Election Commission
10:
2722:
2577:Forestry Incentive Program
2179:Presidential Proclamations
1959:Senate Watergate Committee
1539:Permissible exposure limit
1317:Rehabilitation Act of 1973
1062:Presidential Proclamations
222:Communications Act of 1934
31:
2637:
2605:Maximum contaminant level
2557:
2491:
2468:Tax Reduction Act of 1975
2335:
2266:
2211:
2075:
2068:Presidency of Gerald Ford
2027:Presidency of Gerald Ford
1991:
1864:
1848:Oil Pollution Act of 1973
1689:
1467:Fair Credit Reporting Act
1449:
1264:Revised Philadelphia Plan
1248:
1223:Threshold Test Ban Treaty
1071:
926:
89:United States federal law
2156:Supreme Court candidates
2032:templates for discussion
1998:â Johnson administration
1631:Agricultural Act of 1970
1174:1973 Chilean coup d'Ă©tat
883:templates for discussion
658:United States of America
288:1976 and 1979 amendments
228:Criminal code amendments
2653:Carter administration â
2598:Safe Drinking Water Act
2344:Fair Credit Billing Act
2106:Assassination attempts
1896:Saturday Night Massacre
1638:Farm Credit Act of 1971
1608:Alternative minimum tax
821:March 28, 2014, at the
665:(subscription required)
612:Congressional Quarterly
594:(subscription required)
572:(subscription required)
548:(subscription required)
529:(subscription required)
510:(subscription required)
491:(subscription required)
445:(subscription required)
240:Disclosure requirements
212:Campaign communications
146:campaign finance reform
2644:â Nixon administration
2475:Tax Reform Act of 1976
2459:National Market System
2312:Rockefeller Commission
1950:United States v. Nixon
1601:Tax Reform Act of 1969
1278:Native American policy
1257:Family Assistance Plan
764:RealCampaignReform.org
150:United States Congress
2250:Executive Order 11905
2149:Judicial appointments
2007:Ford administration â
1509:Smithsonian Agreement
1032:Judicial appointments
792:Campaign Legal Center
522:United States Senate.
503:United States Senate.
484:United States Senate.
106:on February 7, 1972.
38:FECA (disambiguation)
2676:1971 in American law
2614:MagnusonâStevens Act
2436:Fast track authority
1912:White House Plumbers
745:US Statutes at Large
565:United States Senate
218:consumer price index
201:conference committee
2319:1975 VRA Amendments
2222:International trips
1966:impeachment process
1882:Operation Sandwedge
1617:Revenue Act of 1971
1417:1970 VRA Amendments
1165:Shanghai Communiqué
1158:1972 visit to China
1110:Paris Peace Accords
1082:International trips
962:Second inauguration
250:Comptroller General
207:Original provisions
176:Legislative history
154:Tillman Act of 1907
144:argued in favor of
97:political campaigns
2482:Whip Inflation Now
2195:Halloween Massacre
1889:Operation Gemstone
1188:1972 Moscow Summit
944:First inauguration
708:United States Code
695:United States Code
631:The New York Times
462:The New York Times
166:SmithâConnally Act
142:Theodore Roosevelt
140:As early as 1905,
2663:
2662:
2429:Trade Act of 1974
2202:Carter transition
2142:1977 SOTU Address
2135:1976 SOTU Address
2128:1975 SOTU Address
2017:
2016:
1942:White House tapes
1933:list of opponents
1774:Noise Control Act
1373:Shafer Commission
1239:Space exploration
1209:Washington Summit
1103:Cambodian bombing
1011:1974 SOTU Address
1004:1973 SOTU Address
997:1972 SOTU Address
990:1971 SOTU Address
983:1970 SOTU Address
952:Bring Us Together
168:of 1943, and the
87:) is the primary
16:(Redirected from
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1126:Vietnamization
1122:
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1089:Nixon Doctrine
1085:
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850:(2): 416â450.
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2005:
1996:
1948:
1926:Enemies List
1409:
1380:War on drugs
876:
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843:
804:Common Cause
770:CQ MoneyLine
739:as enacted (
719:as amended (
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82:§ 30101
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2100:Wilson desk
2070:(1974â1977)
2020:âč The
1975:Resignation
1495:Nixon shock
1096:Vietnam War
1025:Wilson desk
921:(1969â1974)
871:âč The
780:OpenSecrets
320:(2008) and
152:passed the
91:regulating
2670:Categories
2112:Sacramento
937:Transition
864:A346009236
367:References
136:Background
125:hard money
72:, enacted
64:, 86
1866:Watergate
743:) in the
727:) in the
710:from the
697:from the
639:119423709
470:119291485
330:in 1947.
162:Hatch Act
101:President
2077:Timeline
2022:template
1875:Timeline
1308:Title IX
928:Timeline
873:template
829:MapLight
819:Archived
635:ProQuest
466:ProQuest
334:See also
314:(2007),
2024:below (
1181:DĂ©tente
875:below (
856:2109364
741:details
725:details
706:of the
693:of the
252:of the
85:et seq.
54:Pub. L.
2561:policy
2420:NRSROs
1982:Pardon
1953:(1974)
1693:policy
862:
854:
637:
468:
164:, the
80:
68:
62:92â225
60:
2397:ERISA
840:(PDF)
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