Ethiopia - Knowledge

3878: 4159: 6895:. A large portion of users in the country access the internet through mobile devices. As of July 2016, there are around 4.29 million people who have internet access at their home as compared to a quarter of a million users a decade before that. The Ethiopian government has at times intentionally shut down internet service in the country or restricted access to certain social media sites during periods of political unrest. In August 2016, following protest and demonstration in the Oromia Region, all access to the internet was shut down for a period of two days. In June 2017, the government shut down access to the internet for mobile users during a period that coincided with the administration of university entrance examination. Although the reason for the restriction was not confirmed by the government, the move was similar to a measure taken during the same period in 2016, after a leak of test questions. 3642: 4483: 4738:

necessary data on changes in climate and weather-related phenomena that would be used for the country's key targets in agriculture, forestry as well as natural resources protection initiatives." By January 2020, satellite manufacturing, assembling, integrating and testing began. This would also incremented facility built by French company funded by European Investment Bank (EIB). The main observatory Entoto Observatory and Space Science Research Center (EORC) allocated space programmes. The Ethiopian Biotechnology Institute is a part of Scientific Research & Development Services Industry, responsible for environmental and climate conservation. Numerous profound scientists have contributed degree of honours and reputations. Some are

5964: 5622:. However, poverty in Ethiopia fell from 44% to 29.6% during 2000–2011, according to the World Bank. In the capital city of Addis Ababa, 55% of the population used to live in slums. Now, however, a construction boom in both the private and the public sector has led to a dramatic improvement in living standards in major cities, particularly in Addis Ababa. Notably, government-built condominium housing complexes have sprung up throughout the city, benefiting close to 600,000 individuals. Sanitation is the most pressing need in the city, with most of the population lacking access to waste treatment facilities. This contributes to the spread of illness through unhealthy water. 4465: 6106: 266: 6198: 6167: 5239: 6237: 3350: 4318:

most productive user. Land distribution and administration is considered an area where corruption is institutionalized, and facilitation payments as well as bribes are often demanded when dealing with land-related issues. As there is no land ownership, infrastructural projects are most often simply done without asking the land users, which then end up being displaced and without a home or land. A lot of anger and distrust sometimes results in public protests. In addition, agricultural productivity remains low, and frequent droughts still beset the country, also leading to internal displacement.

3649: 19265: 2728: 19538: 3073: 4310: 4268: 3310: 7285: 3928: 3575: 2172:. They were given positions of trust by the monarch, and they converted members of the royal court to Christianity. Frumentius became the first bishop of Aksum. A coin dated to 324 shows that Ethiopia was the second country to officially adopt Christianity (after Armenia did so in 301), although the religion may have been at first confined to court circles; it was the first major power to do so. The Aksumites were accustomed to the Greco-Roman sphere of influence, but embarked on significant cultural ties and trade connections between the 19598: 19325: 4703: 2401: 4501: 2544: 5186: 7055: 6915: 4058: 2712: 2277: 5626: 5196: 3625:(FJAC) on the basis of transparent criteria and the Prime Minister's recommendation for appointment in the HoPR. In all cases, judges cannot be removed from their duty unless they retired, violated disciplinary rules, gross incompatibility, or inefficiency to unfit due to ill health. Contrary, the majority vote of HoPR have the right to sanction removal in federal judiciary level or state council in cases of state judges. In 2015, the realities of this provision were questioned in a report prepared by 3199: 2063: 4372:, which gave both countries exclusive maritime rights over the Nile waters. Ever since, Egypt has discouraged almost all projects in Ethiopia that sought to use the local Nile tributaries. This had the effect of discouraging external financing of hydropower and irrigation projects in western Ethiopia, thereby impeding water resource-based economic development projects. However, Ethiopia is in the process of constructing a large 6,450 MW hydroelectric dam on the Blue Nile river. When completed, this 3851: 5599: 4679: 2594:. Tewodros II began a process of consolidation, centralisation, and state-building that would be continued by succeeding emperors. This process reduced the power of regional rulers, restructured the empire's administration, and created a professional army. These changes created the basis for establishing the effective sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Ethiopian state. In 1875 and 1876, Ottoman and Egyptian forces, accompanied by many European and American advisors, twice 19277: 200: 2900: 19550: 1051: 6454: 186: 6387: 2528: 910: 891: 2127: 6823: 5583: 3409: 3519: 17926: 1865: 7271: 5098:

agriculture since food production was not keeping up with population growth over the period of 1970–1983. This program encouraged the formation of peasant associations, large villages based on agriculture. The legislation did lead to an increase in food production, although there is debate over the cause; it may be related to weather conditions more than the reform. Urban populations have continued to grow with an 8.1% increase from 1975 to 2000.

19574: 19301: 6419:(branna, or ብራና in Amharic). It is prepared by gathering parchment leaves and sewing to stick together. The codex size varies considerably depending on volumes and preparation. For example, pocket size codex lengthens 45 cm, which is heavier in weight. Historians speculated that archaic codex existed in Ethiopia. Today manuscripts resembling primitive codex are still evident for existence where parchment leaves are convenient for writing. 7199: 3380:, a development project that aims to reduce the negative effects of climate change – among other things – in the capital city Addis Ababa. In the following May, the government held "Dine for Sheger", a fundraising event in order to cover some of the $ 1 billion needed through the public. $ 25 million was raised through the expensive event, both through the cost of attending and donations. Two Chinese railway companies under the 19562: 19289: 19229: 19241: 19586: 19313: 16890: 19502: 19514: 19253: 6329: 5249: 19526: 1076: 1028: 1009: 976: 957: 5079: 1833: 16857: 16833: 6264: 4283:, Ethiopia was one of the fastest growing economies in the world, registering over 10% economic growth from 2004 through 2009. It was the fastest-growing non-oil-dependent African economy in the years 2007 and 2008. In 2015, the World Bank highlighted that Ethiopia had witnessed rapid economic growth with real domestic product (GDP) growth averaging 10.9% between 2004 and 2014. 4341: 2123:. As early as 2000 BC, other Semitic speakers were living in Ethiopia and Eritrea where Ge'ez developed. Sabaean influence is now thought to have been minor, limited to a few localities, and disappearing after a few decades or a century. It may have been a trading or military colony in alliance with the Ethiopian civilization of Dʿmt or some other proto-Axumite state. 6556: 6146:

been limited. For example, the burden of depression is estimated to have increased 34.2% from 2007 to 2017. Furthermore, the prevalence of stigmatizing attitudes, inadequate leadership and co-ordination of efforts, as well as a lack of mental health awareness in the general population, all remain as obstacles to successful mental health care.

15657: 2312:, the Ethiopian Empire reached its pinnacle. His rule was marked by the consolidation of territorial acquisitions from earlier rulers, the oversight of the construction of numerous churches and monasteries, the active promotion of literature and art, and the strengthening of central imperial authority. Ifat's successor, the 3233:, which is the easternmost part of the African landmass. The territories that have frontiers with Ethiopia are Eritrea to the north and then, moving in a clockwise direction, Djibouti, Somalia, Kenya, South Sudan and Sudan. Within Ethiopia is a vast highland complex of mountains and dissected plateaus divided by the 4398:. Many other economic activities depend on agriculture, including marketing, processing, and export of agricultural products. Production is overwhelmingly by small-scale farmers and enterprises, and a large part of commodity exports are provided by the small agricultural cash-crop sector. Principal crops include 13953:

Floriculture has become a flourishing business in Ethiopia in the past five years, with the industry's exports earnings set to grow to $ 100-million by 2007, a five-fold increase on the $ 20-million earned in 2005. Ethiopian flower exports could generate an estimated $ 300-million within two to three

6411:

language, but the latter was discontinued in 350. Unlike most Sub-Saharan African countries, Ethiopia has ancient distinct language, the Ge'ez, which dominated political and educational aspects. In spite of the current political instability in the country endangering cultural heritage of these works,

6210:

As of 2022, there are 83 universities, 42 public universities, and more than 35 higher education institutions. Foreign students constitute 16,305 in higher education level. The overall number of tertiary students in both public and private institutions exploded by more than 2,000 percent, from 34,000

6145:

The National Mental Health Strategy, published in 2012, introduced the development of policy designed to improve mental health care in Ethiopia. This strategy mandated that mental health be integrated into the primary health care system. However, the success of the National Mental Health Strategy has

3321:

cover most of the country and have a climate which is generally considerably cooler than other regions at similar proximity to the Equator. Most of the country's major cities are located at elevations of around 2,000–2,500 m (6,562–8,202 ft) above sea level, including historic capitals such

6177:

The current system follows school expansion schemes which are very similar to the system in the rural areas during the 1980s, with an addition of deeper regionalization, providing rural education in students' own languages starting at the elementary level, and with more budgetary financing allocated

5614:

reduces the production of fodder for livestock, which causes low milk yields. Since the community burns livestock manure as fuel, rather than plowing the nutrients back into the land, the crop production is reduced. The low productivity of agriculture leads to inadequate incomes for farmers, hunger,

5059:

In 2009, Ethiopia hosted a population of refugees and asylum seekers numbering approximately 135,200. The majority of this population came from Somalia (approximately 64,300 persons), Eritrea (41,700) and Sudan (25,900). The Ethiopian government required nearly all refugees to live in refugee camps.

5002:

Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world. Its total population has grown from 38.1 million in 1983 to 109.5 million in 2018. According to UN estimations in 2013, life expectancy had improved substantially over time, with male life expectancy reported to be 56 years and

3481:

Ethiopia loses an estimated 1,410 km of natural forests each year due to firewood collection, conversion to farmland, overgrazing, and use of forest wood for building material. Between 1990 and 2005 the country lost approximately 21,000 km of forests. Current government programs to control

12313:

Federal Courts Proclamation 25/1996, as amended by Federal Courts (Amendment) Proclamation 138/1998, Federal Courts (Amendment) Proclamation 254/2001, Federal Courts (Amendment) Proclamation 321/2003, and Federal Courts Proclamation (Reamendment) Proclamation 454/2005 (Federal Courts Proclamation),

6113:

Only a minority of Ethiopians are born in hospitals, while most are born in rural households. Those who are expected to give birth at home have elderly women serve as midwives who assist with the delivery. The "WHO estimates that a majority of maternal fatalities and disabilities could be prevented

5089:

Population growth, migration, and urbanization are all straining both governments' and ecosystems' capacity to provide people with basic services. Urbanization has steadily been increasing in Ethiopia, with two periods of significantly rapid growth. First, in 1936–1941 during the Italian occupation

3754:

in late 2010, Ethiopia was an "authoritarian regime", ranking as the 118th-most democratic out of 167 countries. Ethiopia had dropped 13 places on the list since 2008, and the 2010 report attributed the drop to the government's crackdown on opposition activities, media, and civil society before the

3326:

at an elevation of around 2,400 metres (7,900 ft). It experiences a mild climate year round. With temperatures fairly uniform year round, the seasons in Addis Ababa are largely defined by rainfall: a dry season from October to February, a light rainy season from March to May, and a heavy rainy

2656:

with Italy in May 1889, by which Italy would recognize Ethiopia's sovereignty so long as Italy could control an area north of Ethiopia (now part of modern Eritrea). In return, Italy was to provide Menelik with weapons and support him as emperor. The Italians used the time between the signing of the

12172:

Grantham HS, Duncan A, Evans TD, Jones KR, Beyer HL, Schuster R, Walston J, Ray JC, Robinson JG, Callow M, Clements T, Costa HM, DeGemmis A, Elsen PR, Ervin J, Franco P, Goldman E, Goetz S, Hansen A, Hofsvang E, Jantz P, Jupiter S, Kang A, Langhammer P, Laurance WF, Lieberman S, Linkie M, Malhi Y,

4520:

since cultivation began in the 9th century. Exports from Ethiopia in the 2009–2010 financial year totalled US$ 1.4 billion. Ethiopia produces more coffee than any other nation on the continent. "Coffee provides a livelihood for close to 15 million Ethiopians, 16% of the population. Farmers in

4317:

The Ethiopian constitution specifies that rights to own land belong only to "the state and the people", but citizens may lease land for up to 99 years, but are unable to mortgage or sell. Renting out land for a maximum of twenty years is allowed and this is expected to ensure that land goes to the

2373:

Ethiopia saw major diplomatic contact with Portugal from the 17th century, mainly related to religion. Beginning in 1555, Portuguese Jesuits attempted to develop Roman Catholicism as the state religion. After several failures, they sent several missionaries in 1603, including the most influential,

7103:

flour. This is not eaten with utensils, but instead the injera is used to scoop up the entrées and side dishes. Almost universally in Ethiopia, it is common to eat from the same dish in the middle of the table with a group of people. It is also a common custom to feed others within a group or own

6221:

in 2011 showed that the literacy rate in Ethiopia was 46.7%. The same report also indicated that the female literacy rate had increased from 27 to 39 per cent from 2004 to 2011, and the male literacy rate had increased from 49 to 59 per cent over the same period for persons 10 years and older. By

6126:

are lower in cities than in rural areas due to better access to education, medicines, and hospitals. Life expectancy is better in cities compared to rural areas, but there have been significant improvements witnessed throughout the country as of 2016, the average Ethiopian living to be 62.2 years

4773:

since millennia. The first epidemic occurred in Ethiopia was in 849, causing the Aksumite Emperor Abba Yohannes evicted from place due to "God's punishment for misdeeds". The first traditional medicine was claimed to be derived from this catastrophe, but the exact source is debated. Though differ

6244:

Ethiopia's culture heavily influenced by the local population, an interaction of Semitic, Cushitic and less populous Nilo-Saharan speaking people, which evolved from first millennium BC. Semitic Tigrayans and Amharas, who dominated the politics in the past, distinguished from other population by

5990:

According to the 2007 National Census, Christians make up 62.8% of the country's population, Muslims 33.9%, practitioners of traditional faiths 2.6%, and other religions 0.6%. The ratio of the Christian to Muslim population has largely remained stable when compared to previous censuses conducted

5637:

Despite the living conditions in the cities, the people of Addis Ababa are much better off than people living in the peasant associations owing to their educational opportunities. Unlike rural children, 69% of urban children are enrolled in primary school, and 35% of those are eligible to attend

4558:

This trade helps lower food prices, increase food security, relieve border tensions, and promote regional integration. However, the unregulated and undocumented nature of this trade runs risks, such as allowing disease to spread more easily across national borders. Furthermore, the government of

3473:

is a major concern for Ethiopia as studies suggest loss of forest contributes to soil erosion, loss of nutrients in the soil, loss of animal habitats, and reduction in biodiversity. At the beginning of the 20th century, around 420,000 km (or 35%) of Ethiopia's land was covered by trees, but

3434:

Historically, throughout the African continent, wildlife populations have been rapidly declining due to logging, civil wars, pollution, poaching, and other human factors. A 17-year-long civil war, along with severe drought, negatively affected Ethiopia's environmental conditions, leading to even

6578:, with characteristically long intervals between some notes. As with many other aspects of Ethiopian culture and tradition, tastes in music and lyrics are strongly linked with those in neighbouring Eritrea, Somalia, Djibouti, and Sudan. Traditional singing in Ethiopia presents diverse styles of 6474:

is the most used element of Ethiopian poetry – regarded as a form of Amharic poetry, though the term generally refers to any poems. True qene requires advanced ingenious mindset. By providing two metaphorical words, i.e. one with obvious clues and the other is too convoluted conundrum, one must

6297:

such as crowns. Most historical arts were commissioned by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, the state religion for a millennium. The earlier Aksumite period arts were stone carvings as evidenced in their stelae, though there is no surviving Christian art from this era. As Christianity was

6213:

Access to education in Ethiopia has improved significantly. Approximately three million people were in primary school in 1994–95 but by 2008–09, primary enrolment had risen to 15.5 million – an increase of over 500%. In 2013–14, Ethiopia had witnessed a significant boost in gross enrolment

4305:

In spite of fast growth in recent years, GDP per capita is one of the lowest in the world, and the economy faces a number of serious structural problems. However, with a focused investment in public infrastructure and industrial parks, Ethiopia's economy is addressing its structural problems to

1599:

According to an Ethiopian tradition, the term Ethiopia is derived from the word Ethiopis, a name of the Ethiopian king, the seventh in the ancestral lines. Metshafe Aksum or the Ethiopian Book of Aksum identifies Itiopis as the twelfth king of Ethiopia and the father of Aksumawi. The Ethiopians

6440:

and healings. About 30 cm scroll is portable whereas 2 cm is often unrolled and hanged to the walls of houses. Scrolls emulating original medium of Ethiopia literature is highly disputed, where there is overwhelming evidence that Ge'ez language books were written in codex. In lesser,

4355:

The electrification rate for the total population in 2016 was 42%, with 85% coverage in urban areas and 26% coverage in rural areas. As of 2016, total electricity production was 11.15 TW⋅h and consumption was 9.062 TW⋅h. There were 0.166 TW⋅h of electricity exported, 0 kW⋅h

13236: 5606:

Most poor families (75%) share their sleeping quarters with livestock, and 40% of children sleep on the floor, where nighttime temperatures average 5 degrees Celsius in the cold season. The average family size is six or seven, living in a 30 square metre mud and thatch hut, with less than two

5097:

This pattern slowed due to the 1975 Land Reform program instituted by the government, which provided incentives for people to stay in rural areas. As people moved from rural areas to the cities, there were fewer people to grow food for the population. The Land Reform Act was meant to increase

3620:

On the basis of Article 78 of the 1994 Ethiopian Constitution, the judiciary is completely independent of the executive and the legislature. To ensure this, the President and Vice President of the Supreme Court are appointed by Parliament on the nomination of Prime Minister. Once elected, the

3330:

There are on average seven hours of sunshine per day. The dry season is the sunniest time of the year, though even at the height of the rainy season in July and August there are still usually several hours per day of bright sunshine. The average annual temperature in Addis Ababa is 16 °C

4737:

is responsible for conducting multifaceted tasks regarding space and technology. In addition, Ethiopia also launched 70 kg ET-RSS1 multi-spectral remote sensing satellite in December 2019. The President Sahle-Work Zewde told prior in October 2019 that "the satellite will provide all the

4562:

With the private sector growing slowly, designer leather products like bags are becoming a big export business, with Taytu becoming the first luxury designer label in the country. Additional small-scale export products include cereals, pulses, cotton, sugarcane, potatoes, and hides. With the

15665: 5093:

In 1936, Italy annexed Ethiopia, building infrastructure to connect major cities, and a dam providing power and water. This, along with the influx of Italians and labourers, was the major cause of rapid growth during this period. The second period of growth was from 1967 to 1975, when rural

3482:

deforestation consist of education, promoting reforestation programs, and providing raw materials which are alternatives to timber. In rural areas the government also provides non-timber fuel sources and access to non-forested land to promote agriculture without destroying forest habitat.

15817:

Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia and Sudan have significant similarities emanating not only from culture, religion, traditions, history and aspirations ... They appreciate similar foods and spices, beverages and sweets, fabrics and tapestry, lyrics and music, and jewellery and

245: 254: 6178:

to the education sector. Public education is free at primary levels and usually offers between age 7 and 12. The sequence of general education in Ethiopia is six years of primary school, then four years of lower secondary school followed by two years of higher secondary school.

1600:

pronounce Ethiopia እትዮጵያ with a Sades or the sixth sound እ as in incorporate and the graph ጰ has no equivalent in English or Latin graphs. Ethiopis is believed to be the twelfth direct descendant of Adam. His father is identified as Kush, while his grandfather is known as Kam.

5590:

Migration to urban areas is usually motivated by the hope of better lives. In peasant associations, daily life is a struggle to survive. About 16% of the population in Ethiopia lives on less than one dollar per day (2008). Only 65% of rural households in Ethiopia consume the

3435:

greater habitat degradation. Habitat destruction is a factor that leads to endangerment. When changes to a habitat occur rapidly, animals do not have time to adjust. Human impact threatens many species, with greater threats expected as a result of climate change induced by

248: 247: 2629:

Ethiopia, in roughly its current form, began under the reign of Menelik II, who was Emperor from 1889 until his death in 1913. From his base in the central province of Shewa, Menelik set out to annex territories to the south, east, and west — areas inhabited by the Oromo,

2152:

listed Axum with Rome, Persia, and China as one of the four great powers of his era, during the 3rd century. It is also believed that there was a connection between Egyptian and Ethiopian churches. There is diminutive evidence that the Aksumites were associated with the

250: 249: 7813: 2292:. He launched campaigns against his Muslim adversaries to the east, resulting in a significant shift in the balance of power in favor of the Christians for the next two centuries. After Amda Seyon's successful eastern campaigns, most of the Muslim principalities in the 252: 251: 253: 246: 3087:

composed of an 87-member Council of Representatives and guided by a national charter that functioned as a transitional constitution. In 1994, a new constitution was written that established a parliamentary republic with a bicameral legislature and a judicial system.

3424:

Ethiopia is a global centre of avian diversity. To date more than 856 bird species have been recorded in Ethiopia, twenty of which are endemic to the country. Sixteen species are endangered or critically endangered. Many of these birds feed on butterflies, like the

16603:, Centre Français des Études Éthiopiennes / Shama Books. Édition bilingue français / anglais. Traduction : Yves-Marie Stranger. Postface : Jean-Christophe Belliard. Avec des photographies de Matthieu Germain Lambert et Pierre Javelot. Addis Abeba, 2012, 13976: 14010:

The label inside the luxuriously soft black leather handbag reads Taytu: Made In Ethiopia. But the embroidered print on the outside, the chunky bronze rings attached to the fashionably short straps and the oversized "it" bag status all scream designer

6445:) which were dated to late 15th or 16th century, made up of folded parchment paper, with or without cover. Those books usually contain pictorial representation of life and death of religious figures, or significant texts have also juxtaposed. 244: 6185:

and its cycle consists of a 4+4+2+2 system; elementary education consists of eight years, divided into two cycles of four years, and four years of secondary education, divided into two stages of two years. National exams are conducted by the

4246:

related subjects of matter and domestic financial crimes. At the regional level Ethiopia has 12 regionals statewide police departments, and 2 federally chartered police forces, those being the Addis Ababa Police, and Dire Dawa Police forces.

6367:

In the Gondarine period, the architecture of Ethiopia was influenced by Baroque, Arab, Turkish and Gujarati Indian styles independently taught by Portuguese emissaries in the 16th and 17th centuries. Examples include the imperial fortress

2044:, which date to around 279,000 years ago. In 2019, additional Middle Stone Age projectile weapons were found at Aduma, dated 100,000–80,000 years ago, in the form of points considered likely to belong to darts delivered by spear throwers. 4336:

Ethiopia has 14 major rivers flowing from its highlands, including the Nile. It has the largest water reserves in Africa. As of 2012, hydroelectric plants represented around 88.2% of the total installed electricity generating capacity.

6842:. Radio broadcasting was commenced earlier in 1935 before the television service began in 1962 with assistance of British firm Thomson and Emperor Haile Selassie. Since 2015, EBC has upgraded its studios with modernized transmission. 3847:(wards). The country comprises 12 regions and two city administrations under these regions, plenty of zones, woredas and neighbourhood administration: kebeles. The two federal-level city administrations are Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa. 12173:

Maxwell S, Mendez M, Mittermeier R, Murray NJ, Possingham H, Radachowsky J, Saatchi S, Samper C, Silverman J, Shapiro A, Strassburg B, Stevens T, Stokes E, Taylor R, Tear T, Tizard R, Venter O, Visconti P, Wang S, Watson JE (2020).

2029:, this dwelling is proof of the earliest permanent human occupation at high altitude yet discovered. Thousands of animal bones, hundreds of stone tools, and ancient fireplaces were discovered, revealing a diet that featured giant 11764: 14852: 7921: 3571:(HoPR) with 547 seats. The House of Federation is chosen by the regional councils whereas MPs of the HoPR are elected directly, in turn, they elect the president for a six-year term and the prime minister for a 5-year term. 5645:

Many NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) are working to solve this problem; however, most are far apart, uncoordinated, and working in isolation. The Sub-Saharan Africa NGO Consortium is attempting to coordinate efforts.

6741:), but falls on 12 September in years before the Gregorian leap year. It is approximately seven years and three months behind the Gregorian calendar because of an alternate calculation in determining the date of the 4521:

the eastern part of the country, where a warming climate is already impacting production, have struggled in recent years, and many are currently reporting largely failed harvests as a result of a prolonged drought".

6359:

The Aksumite continued to flourish its architecture around the 4th century CE. Aksumite stelae commonly used single block and rocks. The Tomb of the False Door built for Aksumite emperors used monolithic style. The

15932: 13973: 2795:

in early October 1935, and by subsequent Italian rule of the country (1936–1941) after Italian victory in the war. Italy, however, never managed to secure the country in its totality, due to resistance from the

6138:. Over 58 million people (nearly half the population) do not have access to clean water as of 2023. These problems are exacerbated by the shortage of trained doctors and nurses and health facilities. The 9430:

Miehe G, Opgenoorth L, Zech W, Woldu Z, Vogelsang R, Veit H, Nemomissa S, Negash A, Nauss T (9 August 2019). "Middle Stone Age foragers resided in high elevations of the glaciated Bale Mountains, Ethiopia".

15395: 8081:

Li J, Absher D, Tang H, Southwick A, Casto A, Ramachandran S, Cann H, Barsh G, Feldman M, Cavalli-Sforza L, Myers R (2008). "Worldwide Human Relationships Inferred from Genome-Wide Patterns of Variation".

13607: 12612: 7559: 242: 6860:

launched as the first private television channel. Moreover, numerous private channels were commenced in 2016, culminating in the growth of privately owned media companies in the country. As an example,

14483: 6653:. During the Derg regime, these artists were prohibited to perform in the country and often forced into exile in North America and Europe, mixing with jazz and funk influences. For example, Roha Band, 3446:

species of mammals. Ethiopia has many species listed as critically endangered and vulnerable to global extinction. The threatened species in Ethiopia can be broken down into three categories (based on

5882:

Amharic was the language of primary school instruction, but has been replaced in many areas by regional languages such as Oromo, Somali or Tigrinya. All languages enjoy equal state recognition in the

13531: 11024: 6217:

The literacy rate has increased in recent years: according to the 1994 census, the literacy rate in Ethiopia was 23.4%. In 2007 it was estimated to be 39% (male 49.1% and female 28.9%). A report by

3272:("Simien fox"). The wide range of altitude has given the country a variety of ecologically distinct areas, and this has helped to encourage the evolution of endemic species in ecological isolation. 16125: 3373:

in these forms threatens food security and the economy, which is agriculture based. Many Ethiopians have been forced to leave their homes and travel as far as the Gulf, Southern Africa and Europe.

2004:. The majority of scholars today propose that the Afroasiatic family developed in northeast Africa because of the higher diversity of lineages in that region, a telltale sign of linguistic origin. 3712:

was elected its president. Meles' government was consistently re-elected; however, these results were heavily criticized by international observers, and denounced by the opposition as fraudulent.

2800:, making the colonization of Ethiopia brief, with Italy being able to operate just a few changes, including building some infrastructures and abolishing slavery. Following the entry of Italy into 11363: 2582:

Ethiopian isolationism ended following a British mission that concluded with an alliance between the two nations, but it was not until 1855 that the Amhara kingdoms of northern Ethiopia (Gondar,

2982:

region. Ethiopia recovered it after it began receiving massive military aid from the Soviet bloc countries. By the end of the seventies, Mengistu presided over the second-largest army in all of

4242:

cooperate internationally and enforce border regulations and peoples and products coming in and out in Ethiopia. The EFP mostly enforcing non-international, and non-espionage crimes, enforcing

3877: 3036:

coincided with the Soviet Union stopping aid to Ethiopia altogether in 1990. EPRDF forces advanced on Addis Ababa in May 1991, and Mengistu fled the country and was granted asylum in Zimbabwe.

15787:

Somali music, a unique kind of music that might be mistaken at first for music from nearby countries such as Ethiopia, the Sudan, or even Arabia, can be recognized by its own tunes and styles.

11628: 7686: 14748: 243: 14414:

landlocked – entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993; Ethiopia is, therefore, the most populous landlocked country in the world

14125: 6622:

to Addis Ababa. By 1924, the band was almost established as orchestral; but after World War II, several similar bands emerged such as Imperial Bodyguard Band, Army Band, and Police Band.

13930: 4380:

hydroelectric project is so far the largest in the country with an installed capacity of 1,870 MW. For the year 2017–18 (2010 E.C) this hydroelectric dam generated 4,900 GW⋅h.

2168:

accompanied their uncle on a voyage to Ethiopia. When the vessel stopped at a Red Sea port, the natives killed all the travellers except the two brothers, who were taken to the court as

5875:

English is the most widely spoken foreign language, the medium of instruction in secondary schools and all tertiary education; federal laws are also published in British English in the

3140:

anyway on 9 September 2020. Relations between the federal government and Tigray deteriorated rapidly, and in November 2020, Ethiopia began a military offensive in Tigray in response to

4174:. Due to Ethiopia's location between the Middle East and Africa, it has long been in the middle of Eastern and Western politics and has been subject to foreign invasions. In 1579, the 2148:, the kingdom's first capital, Mazaber, was built by Itiyopis, son of Cush. Aksum would later at times extend its rule into Yemen on the other side of the Red Sea. The Persian prophet 14859: 7913: 2245:

and sporadic rainfall precipitation from 730 to 760, these factors likely caused the kingdom to decline in power as part of an important trade route. Aksum came to an end in 960 when

4158: 3739:

became prime minister following Hailemariam's resignation. He made a historic visit to Eritrea in 2018, ending the state of conflict between the two countries, and was awarded the

2206:

in 330, the Aksumite territory reached its peak between the 5th and 6th centuries. This period was interrupted by several incursions into the South Arabian protectorate, including

16954: 12444: 9829:"Ethiopia The Zagwe Dynasty – Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System" 6594:). Traditionally, lyricism in Ethiopian song writing is strongly associated with views of patriotism or national pride, romance, friendship, and a unique type of memoire known as 7593: 13294: 12288:

Parry, J (2003). Tree choppers become tree planters. Appropriate Technology, 30(4), 38–39. Retrieved 22 November 2006, from ABI/INFORM Global database. (Document ID: 538367341).

4230:

serving both as a spy agency and domestic law enforcement agency has national jurisdiction for counterterrorism, and foreign related counter espionage activities and protecting

3176:(EHRC), mass human rights violations carried out by ENDF troops including door-to-door searches, extrajudicial killings, massacres and detentions. Notable incident includes the 6245:

hierarchical structure and agrarian life derived partly from South Arabia as a result of back migration, while the southern Cushitic (Oromo and Somali) are strong adherents to

3334:

Most major cities and tourist sites in Ethiopia lie at a similar elevation to Addis Ababa and have a comparable climate. In less elevated regions, particularly the lower lying

3331:(60.8 °F), with daily maximum temperatures averaging 20–25 °C (68.0–77.0 °F) throughout the year, and overnight lows averaging 5–10 °C (41.0–50.0 °F). 12299:

See Federal High Court Establishment Proclamation No.322/2003. Federal High Courts have been placed in the following states: Afar, Benshngul/Gumuz, Gambela, Somali, and SNNPR

10998: 6191: 5125: 1371:, which resulted in the formation of Ethiopia's current border. Externally, during the late 19th century, Ethiopia defended itself against foreign invasions, including from 5836:. Together, these four groups make up about three-quarters of Ethiopia's population. Other Afroasiatic languages with a significant number of speakers include the Cushitic 8473: 6018:. In the 4th century, the Ethiopian empire was one of the first in the world to officially adopt Christianity as the state religion. As a result of the resolutions of the 19112: 13338: 1977:

site in Morocco have since been dated to an earlier period, about 300,000 years ago, while Omo-Kibish I (Omo I) from southern Ethiopia is the oldest anatomically modern

14099: 2779:

ruler of the Ethiopian Empire. Following Zewditu's death, on 2 November 1930, he succeeded her as emperor. In 1931, Haile Selassie endowed Ethiopia with its first-ever

17826: 5610:

The peasant associations face a cycle of poverty. Since the landholdings are so small, farmers cannot allow the land to lie fallow, which reduces soil fertility. This

14710: 10939: 6733:—is added every four years without exception on 29 August of the Julian calendar, six months before the Julian leap day. Thus, the first day of the Ethiopian year, 1 6607:, a 6th-century Aksumite composer, is widely regarded as the forerunner of traditional music of Eritrea and Ethiopia, creating liturgical music of the Ethiopian and 1930:

fossils ever uncovered. Lucy's taxonomic name refers to the region where the discovery was made. This hominid is estimated to have lived 3.2 million years ago.

13009: 7537: 3602:

in established five states at any states of federal levels or "area designated for its jurisdiction" if deemed "necessary for the efficient rendering of justice".

924: 15406: 14071: 2100:

in what is now northern Ethiopia. Most modern historians consider this civilization to be a native Ethiopian one, although in earlier times many suggested it was

13615: 11796: 11738: 5454: 5386: 5370: 5352: 5318: 4117:. In 2020, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed warned that "No force can stop Ethiopia from building a dam. If there is need to go to war, we could get millions readied." 17: 7567: 4729:

Science and technology in Ethiopia emerging as progressive due to lack of organized institutions. Manufacturing and service providers often place themselves in

3605:

The Federal Supreme Proclamation granted three subject matter principles: laws, parties and place to federal court jurisdiction, first "cases arising under the

1800:

In English, and generally outside of Ethiopia, the country was historically known as Abyssinia. This toponym was derived from the Latinized form of the ancient

6931: 6187: 3275:

The nation is a land of geographical contrasts, ranging from the vast fertile west, with its forests and numerous rivers, to the world's hottest settlement of

14487: 6941:

which then offered to Emperor Menelik II. The early 20th century appearance with spectacle was around 1909 and embraced by documentary or biographical films.

4563:

construction of various new dams and growing hydroelectric power projects around the country, Ethiopia also plans to export electric power to its neighbours.

4210:

although it is landlocked. With an annual budget of over $ 1 billion dollars, it is the largest armed force in East Africa, and one of the largest in Africa.

14307: 13061: 6949:, then coronation of Emperor Haile Selassie was filmed. The 1990s saw international booming of Ethiopian films. The most influential people in this era were 13535: 11032: 4306:

become a hub for light manufacturing in Africa. In 2019 a law was passed allowing expatriate Ethiopians to invest in Ethiopia's financial service industry.

13113: 12804: 9814: 3782: 3022: 1436: 15472: 12341: 1250:. Ethiopia covers a land area of 1,112,000 square kilometres (472,000 sq. miles). As of 2024, it is home to around 109 million inhabitants, making it the 18995: 18732: 18637: 17958: 11672: 11531: 9405: 4559:

Ethiopia is purportedly unhappy with lost tax revenue and foreign exchange revenues. Recent initiatives have sought to document and regulate this trade.

3168:, the federal government relations with Fano militias, who previously allied to the government in the Tigray War, deteriorated in mid-2023, resulting in 13359: 11371: 7843: 4356:

imported, and 2.784 GW of installed generating capacity. Ethiopia delivers roughly 81% of water volume to the Nile through the river basins of the

19158: 18863: 14501: 13908: 3932: 2819: 2138:

After the fall of Dʿmt during the 4th century BC, the Ethiopian plateau came to be dominated by smaller successor kingdoms. In the 1st century AD, the

1758:

eventually conquered Nubia the following century, and the Aksumites thereafter appropriated the designation "Ethiopians" for their own kingdom. In the

1412: 19010: 18897: 18561: 14594: 13312: 11863: 8135: 5118: 4543:, over 95% of cross-border trade is through unofficial channels. The unofficial trade of live cattle, camels, sheep, and goats from Ethiopia sold to 3439:. With carbon dioxide emissions in 2010 of 6,494,000 tonnes, Ethiopia contributes just 0.02% to the annual human-caused release of greenhouse gases. 2857:

causing a sharp increase in gasoline prices starting on 13 February 1974, leading to student and worker protests. The feudal oligarchical cabinet of

13215: 11864:"Ethiopia, Climate Change and Migration: A little more knowledge and a more nuanced perspective could greatly benefit thinking on policy – Ethiopia" 10049: 6756:

relies on astronomical observations of the moon in conjunction with seven particular stars or constellations. Oromo months (stars/lunar phases) are

4774:

from ethnic groups, traditional medicine often implements herbs, spiritual healing, bone-setting and minor surgical procedures in treating disease.

3103:, which lasted until June 2000 and cost both countries an estimated $ 1 million a day. This had a negative effect on Ethiopia's economy, and a 1685:, where it is used to refer to two people groups, one in Africa and one in the east from eastern Turkey to India. This Greek name was borrowed into 18907: 18901: 13274: 7698: 4734: 1339:. By the 14th century, the empire had grown in prestige through territorial expansion and fighting against adjacent territories; most notably, the 1251: 895: 15631: 12946:, second edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2001), believes that the Suez Canal brought strategic value to the Red Sea region (p. 73), Sven Rubenson, 10762: 8626: 4492:, which has an annual revenue of 6.1 billion dollars making it the 14th biggest airlines in revenue, contributes to the country's export business. 4128:, since 1923. UN taskforces in Ethiopia deal primarily with humanitarian issues and development. Some of its agencies maintain regional ties with 18692: 16428: 14752: 13432: 11610: 7161: 4650: 3485:

Organizations such as SOS and Farm Africa are working with the federal government and local governments to create a system of forest management.

3244:

Ethiopia is an ecologically diverse country, ranging from the deserts along the eastern border to the tropical forests in the south to extensive

2665:

on 1 March 1896, in which Italy's colonial forces were defeated by the Ethiopians. During this time, about a third of the population died in the

14133: 13028:"Decision on the Report of the Fifth Ordinary Session of the Specialized Technical Committee on Defence, Security and Safety Doc. EX.CL/698(XX)" 10305: 9748: 9328: 7116:

Christian and Islamic faiths; Ethiopian Orthodox Christians also fast from meat on Wednesdays, Fridays, and leading up to Easter and Christmas.

6930:

The first cinema was introduced in 1898, three years after the first world film was projected. Cinematic artifacts ascribed by Italian minister

6722:

days, which form a thirteenth month. The Ethiopian months begin on the same days as those of the Coptic calendar, but their names are in Ge'ez.

3590:

consists of dual system with two court structures: the federal and state courts. The FDRE Constitution vested federal judicial authority to the

2652:

For his leadership, despite opposition from more traditional elements of society, Menelik II was heralded as a national hero. He had signed the

19127: 19122: 18272: 17819: 16596:, above the second cataract of the Nile: exhibiting the state of that country, and its various inhabitants, under the dominion of Mohammed Ali. 16150: 14451: 11713: 10795: 10556: 3153: 18453: 17172: 6131:

report. Despite sanitation being a problem, use of improved water sources is also on the rise; 81% in cities compared to 11% in rural areas.

4129: 4109:) signing the Nile Basin Initiative in 2010, Egypt and Sudan rejected a water sharing treaty, citing the reduction of amount of water to the 4043: 3047: 1511: 1032: 13793: 12587: 12508: 11592: 11480: 5568:

As of at least 2024, Ethiopia is one of the most rapidly urbanizing countries in the world, although its population is still largely rural.

3241:, or semi-desert. There is a great diversity of terrain with wide variations in climate, soils, natural vegetation and settlement patterns. 19795: 17300: 14543: 14155: 14045: 12950:(Hollywood: Tsehai,1991) argues that only with the Mahdi War did the United Kingdom interest themselves once again in Ethiopia (pp. 283ff). 12119:

Khoury CK, Achicanoy HA, Bjorkman AD, Navarro-Racines C, Guarino L, Flores-Palacios X, Engels JM, Wiersema JH, Dempewolf H (15 June 2016).

10373: 8921:

White T, Asfaw B, Degusta D, Gilbert H, Richards G, Suwa G, Clark Howell F (2003). "Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia".

8396: 7034:

showcase amateur and professional filmmakers works; the latter being voted by judges. They were established in 2007 and 2005 respectively.

5111: 4039: 3685:

Post-1995, Ethiopia's politics has been liberalized which promotes all-encompassing reforms to the country. Today, its economy is based on

3641: 1559: 1507: 1087: 16030: 13974:

Working across borders – Harnessing the potential of cross-border activities to improve livelihood security in the Horn of Africa drylands

12538: 11458: 8650: 2382:, Roman Catholicism became the state religion of the Ethiopian Empire in 1622. This decision caused an uprising by the Orthodox populace. 19785: 19031: 18858: 18516: 17199: 13940: 12448: 12384: 11938: 9302: 9113: 3794: 3112: 3076: 3057: 3002: 2932: 2882: 2249:

defeated the last king of Aksum. In response, the remnant of the Aksumite population to shift into the southern region and establish the

2111:

Other scholars regard Dʿmt as the result of a union of Afroasiatic-speaking cultures of the Cushitic and Semitic branches; namely, local

1456: 1307:

maintained a unified civilization in the region for 900 years. Christianity was embraced by the kingdom in 330, and Islam arrived by the

805: 597: 16548: 12929:

The political history of the Ethiopian community, and their struggle for ownership of this small monastery, is retold in Chris Proutky,

10862: 4034:, which later renamed itself the African Union, was founded in Addis Ababa, which today hosts the secretariat of the African Union, the 18946: 18838: 18833: 16330: 12986: 11505: 7597: 7152: 7131: 6570:

is extremely diverse, with each of the country's 80 ethnic groups being associated with unique sounds. Ethiopian music uses a distinct

4239: 4227: 4223: 3732: 2956: 859: 57: 11419: 11249: 8370: 1754:, indicates that Aksum's ruler governed an area that was flanked to the west by the territory of Ethiopia and Sasu. The Aksumite King 18848: 17812: 17522: 17006: 3335: 980: 13557: 11433: 19061: 19036: 18883: 18878: 17848: 17745: 12024: 9969:

Fortunes of Africa: A 5,000 Year History of Wealth, Greed and Endeavour By Martin Meredith, In the Land of Prestor John, chapter 11

8973: 7127: 15524: 12175:"Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material" 3693:

principles. Ethiopia has eleven semi-autonomous administrative regions that have the power to raise and spend their own revenues.

17951: 17682: 17386: 16057: 15909: 12086: 11169: 7123: 5619: 4482: 3622: 3206:

At 1,104,300 square kilometres (426,372.61 sq mi), Ethiopia is the world's 28th-largest country, comparable in size to

1535: 1408: 1255: 749: 11890: 5044:

communities make up the majority of the population. Among these, Semitic speakers often collectively refer to themselves as the

17182: 5595:'s (WHO's) minimum standard of food per day (2,200 kilocalories), with 42% of children under five years old being underweight. 3288: 3104: 3067: 3053: 12057: 7637: 7026:

held in Addis Ababa. The award, which was started in 2014, broadcast on live television in some stations. Festivals including

6372:, which is influenced by a mix of these styles. The medieval architecture also affected the later 19th- and 20th-century era. 18554: 17403: 16822: 16760: 16738: 16664: 16627: 16608: 16581: 16526: 16496: 16477: 16441: 16384: 15892: 15810: 15780: 15327: 15094: 15045: 14895: 14835: 14727: 14351: 14103: 13322: 13075: 12273: 11080: 10904: 10426: 10355: 10325: 10288: 10156: 10129: 10074: 9988: 9954: 9915: 9888: 9862: 9731: 9664: 9249: 9224: 9199: 8825: 8694: 8207: 8020: 7694: 7031: 3513: 3121:

during the late 2010s and early 2020s, with various clashes and conflicts leading to millions of Ethiopians being displaced.

3096: 2970:

gained undisputed leadership of the Derg. In 1977, Somalia, which had previously been receiving assistance and arms from the

14426: 11657: 9878: 8166: 7865: 7777: 6336:

in the northern part of Ethiopia, dating well over a thousand years, serve as a remembrance of Ethiopia's past architecture.

3594:

which can overturn and review decisions of subordinate federal courts; itself has regular division assigned for fundamental

19676: 17142: 17115: 15265:

Hanlon C, Eshetu T, Alemayehu D, Fekadu A, Semrau M, Thornicroft G, Kigozi F, Marais DL, Petersen I, Alem A (8 June 2017).

14707: 11320: 7872: 6031: 5069: 4234:. It also has authority related to international economic crimes related of which to Ethiopia as a whole. It alongside the 3568: 3522: 2815: 1846: 1404: 662: 10616:

The United Nations University – Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT)

10342: 4394:

Agriculture constitutes around 85% of the labour force. However, the service sector represents the largest portion of the

11140: 10251: 9828: 9380: 3724: 3161: 3141: 3084: 3018: 1850: 818: 265: 231: 16100: 11394: 7529: 4566:

Most regard Ethiopia's large water resources and potential as its "white oil" and its coffee resources as "black gold".

2490:

or "Age of Princes," a period of isolation. Emperors became figureheads, controlled by regional lords and noblemen like

19780: 19658: 17944: 17771: 17019: 14075: 8794: 7298: 7049: 6835: 6403:

traces back to the Aksumite period in the 4th century, mostly religious motifs. In royal inscription, it employed both

6364:

civilization was largely of Aksumite influence, but the layer of stones or wood is quite different for some dwellings.

6202: 6042: 5972: 5911: 5615:

malnutrition and disease. These unhealthy farmers have difficulty working the land and the productivity drops further.

5006:

Ethiopia's population is highly diverse, containing over 80 different ethnic groups, the four largest of which are the

4662: 4331: 3968: 3790: 3715:

Meles died on 20 August 2012 in Brussels, where he was being treated for an unspecified illness. Deputy Prime Minister

2838: 2757: 2702: 2670: 1013: 16303: 15744: 15432: 11742: 6945:

was the first film directed by Charles Martel. The first 16mm black-and-white film dedicated to coronation of Emperor

2503: 19653: 19648: 19481: 19451: 18446: 17216: 16723: 16699: 16648: 16565: 14670: 14281: 13715: 13506: 12778: 10837: 10544: 7256: 7244: 7027: 6608: 5915: 4979: 4800: 3770: 3723:, and remained so afterwards with his party in control of every parliamentary seat. On 15 February 2018, Hailemariam 3591: 3579: 3173: 2019:

at an elevation of 3,469 metres (11,381 feet) above sea level. At this high altitude, humans are susceptible both to

1571: 1467: 1448: 612: 459: 14516:

Ofcansky, T and Berry, L. "Ethiopia: A Country Study". Edited by Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1991.

12726: 11290: 10421:. Rasmussen, R. Kent (2nd ed., expanded and updated ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 1. 9695: 8516: 2092:

and the northern part of Ethiopia in Tigray and Amhara regions, and is widely believed to be the successor state to

19476: 19466: 18547: 18506: 17436: 17187: 16359:

Ethiopia: The Era of the Princes; The Challenge of Islam and the Re-unification of the Christian Empire (1769–1855)

15128: 13580: 10064: 10025:"Ethiopia: The Trials of the Christian Kingdom and the Decline of Imperial Power ~a HREF="/et_00_00.html#et_01_02"" 9944: 8474:"Agriculture in Ethiopia: data shows for a large part Agriculture still retained its majority share of the economy" 7966: 6182: 5968: 4615: 4555:

generates an estimated total value of US$ 250–300 million annually (100 times more than the official figure).

4369: 4163: 4149: 3991: 3756: 3720: 3475: 3399: 3118: 3108: 3010: 2894: 2622:. On 10 March 1889, Yohannes IV was killed by the Sudanese Khalifah Abdullah's army whilst leading his army in the 2242: 17152: 15229: 13479: 13139: 13053: 6134:

Ethiopia's main health problems are said to be communicable (contagious) diseases worsened by poor sanitation and

2920: 1420: 285: 19770: 19760: 19201: 17393: 17267: 15498: 12489: 9907:

Ethiopia and the Red Sea: The Rise and Decline of the Solomonic Dynasty and Muslim European Rivalry in the Region

8423: 8274:

Abbink J (1998). "An Historical-Anthropological Approach to Islam in Ethiopia: Issues of Identity and Politics".

7240: 6142:'s 2006 World Health Report gives a figure of 1,936 physicians (for 2003), which comes to about 2.6 per 100,000. 5056:) is the etymological basis of "Abyssinia", the former name of Ethiopia in English and other European languages. 4373: 4345: 4082: 3697: 3125: 2561: 1239: 16270: 14561: 13881: 12418: 9266: 7720: 6314:

intervention in Ethiopian art began in the 20th century, with also maintaining traditional Ethiopian character.

5238: 1343:(1529–1543) contributed to fragmentation of the empire, which ultimately fell under a decentralization known as 18521: 17909: 17542: 17398: 17374: 17194: 16807:, Vol. 5: Y–Z and addenda, corrigenda, overview tables, maps and general index. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. 15469: 13984: 12345: 12085:(collected by CDIAC) Human-produced, direct emissions of carbon dioxide only. Excludes other greenhouse gases; 6345: 3700:

took place in May 1995, which was won by the EPRDF. The president of the transitional government, EPRDF leader

3526: 3417: 3358: 3001:

campaign by the Derg against various opposition groups. In 1987, the Derg dissolved itself and established the

961: 632: 554: 14766: 14206: 10146: 8769: 6856:. Over several decades, the state television has served as the major mass media until in the late 2000s, when 6718:. Like the Coptic calendar, the Ethiopian calendar has twelve months of exactly 30 days each plus five or six 5090:

under Mussolini's fascist government, and then from 1967 to 1975 when the populations of urban areas tripled.

2792: 19775: 17652: 17633: 17507: 17413: 17352: 17262: 17247: 16999: 16678: 14802: 13279: 11964: 6626: 6550: 5883: 4627: 4585: 4454: 4262: 4031: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3872: 3606: 3137: 3129: 3006: 2850: 2780: 2658: 1588:

Tradition holds that the name Ethiopia (ኢትዮጵያ) comes from the name of the first King of Ethiopia, Ethiop, or

1519: 1499: 1440: 1384: 1170: 1146: 13900: 12829:

Mulatu Wubneh (2017). "Ethnic Identity Politics and the Restructuring of Administrative Units in Ethiopia".

6664:

Modern music became developed shortly in the 1990s and 2000s. In this period, the most popular artists were

3327:

season from June to September. The average annual rainfall is approximately 1,200 millimetres (47 in).

736: 19755: 19625: 19620: 18526: 18439: 17904: 17864: 17571: 17456: 17451: 17065: 16861: 16748: 8143: 6161: 5983: 5963: 4668: 4286:

In 2008 and 2011, Ethiopia's growth performance and considerable development gains were challenged by high

4187: 4153: 4078: 4074: 3960: 3944: 3913: 3728: 3474:

recent research indicates that forest cover is now approximately 11.9% of the area. The country had a 2018

3149: 2846: 2706: 2222: 1479: 1215: 1136: 517: 19506: 15037: 15031: 12470: 19602: 19446: 18395: 17677: 17662: 17628: 16937: 16926: 16842: 10983: 8744: 7953: 7821: 7252: 4276: 3751: 3234: 2193: 1658: 1223: 1207: 18539: 14231: 13637:

Wilkin P, Demissew S, Willis K, Woldeyes F, Davis AP, Molla EL, Janssens S, Kallow S, Berhanu A (2019).

11059:

Eurasian Empires as Blueprints for Ethiopia: From Ethnolinguistic Nation-State to Multiethnic Federation

10634:

Eurasian Empires as Blueprints for Ethiopia: From Ethnolinguistic Nation-State to Multiethnic Federation

10090: 9354: 6676:. Ethiopian music further modernized in the next decade, employing electronic type and more popular. DJ 6625:

In the 1960s and 1970s, traditional infused modern Ethiopian music was revived in what is known as the "

6214:

across all regions. The national GER was 104.8% for boys, 97.8% for girls and 101.3% across both sexes.

19765: 19471: 19461: 19441: 19436: 18405: 17914: 17588: 17381: 17317: 17272: 17252: 17177: 17125: 16469:

The Ethiopian Borderlands: Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century

15033:

The First Seven Ecumenical Councils (325–787): Their History and Theology (Theology and Life Series 21)

14394: 11990: 6979: 6813: 6267:

An Orthodox bible dated at least 1,500 years, being the oldest illustrated bible in the world, depicts

5902:

for several of the country's languages, it first came into usage in the 6th and 5th centuries BC as an

5167: 5151: 4646: 4243: 4183: 3882: 3705: 3674: 3540: 3346:

in this eastern zone, has the world's highest average annual temperature of 34 °C (93.2 °F).

3304: 3100: 2788: 2690: 2646: 2595: 2569: 1902: 1372: 1114: 582: 19711: 16447: 15605: 12041: 10830:

The Ethiopian revolution, 1974–1987: a transformation from an aristocratic to a totalitarian autocracy

7746: 6249:

and pastoral life. Others including Kaffa, Sidamo, and Afar tradition derived from the latter people.

5773: 5085:

is the largest park in the country, hosting hundreds of thousands of visitors a year since its opening

3777:, who has worked on Ethiopia since 2008, indicates that Ethiopia is "Not Free" state due to very poor 3773:, the Ethiopian government resorted to authoritarian structure, severing democratic and human rights. 2673:

swept through the area, destroying much of the herd economy. On 11 October 1897, Ethiopia adopted the

19686: 19456: 17967: 17603: 17532: 17494: 17357: 17307: 17257: 17120: 16848: 15267:"Health system governance to support scale up of mental health care in Ethiopia: a qualitative study" 9759: 9490:

Sahle Y, Hutchings WK, Braun DR, Sealy JC, Morgan LE, Negash A, Atnafu B (2013). Petraglia MD (ed.).

9141: 6614:

Modern music is traced back to the reign of Emperor Haile Selassie, where 40 Armenian orphans called

6505:

Ethiopian philosophy has been superlatively prolific since ancient times in Africa, though offset of

6139: 6105: 6058: 5992: 5592: 4810: 3859: 3832: 3814: 3403: 3366: 2827: 2573: 2218: 1543: 1527: 1376: 1247: 1231: 779: 488: 33: 16905: 14461: 14380: 10729: 6197: 4464: 4445:

producer. According to UN estimations, the per capita GDP of Ethiopia has reached $ 357 as of 2011.

4352:

The remaining electrical power was generated from fossil fuels (8.3%) and renewable sources (3.6%).

1878:

Several important finds have propelled Ethiopia and the surrounding region to the forefront of

18486: 17640: 17593: 17583: 17552: 17287: 17211: 17070: 16992: 16803: 16794: 16771: 15061: 14651:

The Belt and Road City: Geopolitics, Urbanization, and China's Search for a New International Order

12074: 9641: 6514: 6506: 6323: 6277:

were largely influenced by Christian iconography throughout much of its history. This consisted of

5763: 5577: 5073: 4790: 4718: 4235: 4219: 4035: 3983: 3806: 3381: 2040:), the stone tips of javelins or throwing spears, were discovered in 2013 at the Ethiopian site of 1819: 1567: 1474:

is the most widely professed faith in the country, with significant minorities of the adherents of

877: 831: 482: 14627: 14333: 12160: 10687: 7619: 6166: 6114:

if deliveries were to take place at well-equipped health centres, with adequately trained staff".

4536:

sector means Ethiopia is poised to become one of the top flower and plant exporters in the world.

3912:, who during his reign sought to re-establish a cohesive Ethiopian state, but was thwarted by the 19612: 17645: 17527: 17517: 17489: 17441: 17418: 17132: 17107: 16710: 14023: 13771: 13743: 11136: 7466: 7451: 7334: 6936: 6710:, one of the oldest alphabets still in use in the world. It is based on the older Alexandrian or 6278: 5918:

Churches. During the 1980s, the Ethiopic character set was computerized. It is today part of the

4778: 4730: 4581: 4539:

Cross-border trade by pastoralists is often informal and beyond state control and regulation. In

4441:

exports), and coffee is the largest foreign exchange earner. Ethiopia is Africa's second biggest

4389: 4199: 4133: 3824: 2367: 2036:

Evidence of some of the earliest known stone-tipped projectile weapons (a characteristic tool of

2012: 1907: 1547: 1368: 1065: 938: 15543: 14159: 14049: 13821: 12020:

Bakerova, Katarina et al. (1991) Wildlife Parks Animals Africa. Retrieved 24 May 2008, from the

10897:

The commitment of the German Democratic Republic in Ethiopia: a study based on Ethiopian sources

10370: 7412:

read "ΑΧΩΜΙΤΩ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ" ("King of Axum") and "ΕΝΔΥΒΙΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ" ("King Endubis"); Greek was the

6513:

philosophy. The best known philosophical revival was in the early modern period figures such as

6302:. Most remaining arts beyond the early modern period were ruined as a result of invasion of the 5185: 4218:

Ethiopia has two main federal law enforcement agencies at the federal level, to which being the

3357:

during winter provides over 86 percent of the Nile river's water coming from melted snow in the

2119:, the ancient Semitic language of Ethiopia, is thought to have developed independently from the 1790:. Derivatives of this are used in some languages that use loanwords from Arabic, for example in 1360:

at the beginning of his reign in 1855, marking the reunification and modernization of Ethiopia.

199: 19790: 19218: 19107: 18617: 18286: 17623: 17364: 17092: 16968: 15708: 14540: 13385: 12752: 12546: 9136: 8541: 7462: 7439: 6171: 6100: 5876: 5639: 5618:

Although conditions are drastically better in cities, all of Ethiopia suffers from poverty and

4395: 3621:

executive power has no authority to remove them from office. Other judges are nominated by the

3614: 3567:

is the upper chamber of the bicameral legislature with 108 seats, and the lower chamber is the

3536: 3499: 3317:

The predominant climate type is tropical monsoon, with wide topographic-induced variation. The

3157: 2936: 2657:

treaty and its ratification by the Italian government to expand their territorial claims. This

2565: 2463:

Wolde Leul, to Gondar, making him Ras Bitwaded. This led to regnal conflict between Mentewab's

2317: 1551: 1452: 1340: 1308: 988: 932: 16516: 15800: 15770: 14825: 12376: 11797:"While Egypt Struggles, Ethiopia Builds over the Blue Nile: Controversies and the Way Forward" 10611: 10119: 9721: 9381:"This Rock Shelter in Ethiopia May Be the Earliest Evidence of Humans Living in the Mountains" 6236: 4140:, educational and healthcare provisions, increasing employment, and environmental protection. 2727: 2590:) were briefly united after the power of the emperor was restored beginning with the reign of 1965:

valley. Dated to approximately 160,000 years ago, they may represent an extinct subspecies of

1444: 19491: 18632: 18481: 18420: 18400: 18082: 17975: 17657: 17598: 17557: 17408: 17369: 17312: 17226: 16972: 16916: 14993: 14654: 14588: 12263: 11611:"Tigray war has seen up to half a million dead from violence and starvation, say researchers" 10317: 10278: 9905: 8709: 8684: 7985: 7484: 7248: 7217: 7206: 6155: 6119: 6080: 6071:

dates back to the founding of the religion in 622 when a group of Muslims were counselled by

5793: 5663: 5655: 5041: 4575: 4137: 4047: 4003: 3978:

was the first incumbent U.S. president to visit Ethiopia in July 2015; the speech he gave in

3837: 3818: 3760: 3661: 3587: 3548: 3507: 3451: 3193: 2994: 2967: 2928: 2913: 2903: 2890: 2735: 2420:

as the state religion. Fasilides' reign solidified imperial power, relocating the capital to

1985: 1747: 1515: 1262:, and the most populated landlocked country on Earth. The national capital and largest city, 846: 567: 377: 15986: 10341:

Keller EJ (2005). "Making and Remaking State and Nation in Ethiopia". In Laremont RR (ed.).

7943: 7560:"Ethiopia is adding four more official languages to Amharic as political instability mounts" 7105: 6348:. Perhaps the most impressive architecture in antiquity was founded during the Dʿmt period. 5195: 2331:

into northern parts of the region fragmented the empire's power. Embarking from present-day

185: 19691: 19566: 19329: 18742: 18652: 18501: 18496: 18471: 18415: 17735: 17720: 17672: 17537: 17428: 17340: 17277: 17147: 17035: 16537: 16370:. Lisbon: Junta de Investigações do Ultramar and Centro de Estudos Históricos Ultramarinos. 15961: 15555: 15451: 13954:

years, according to the head of the government export-promotion department, Melaku Legesse.

13433:"With Continued Rapid Growth, Ethiopia is Poised to Become a Middle Income Country by 2025" 13080: 12641: 12629: 12186: 11891:"Ethiopia is launching a global crowdfunding campaign to give its capital a green facelift" 11827: 11220: 9562: 9503: 9440: 9128: 9025: 8930: 8879: 8093: 6849: 6500: 6480: 6457: 6400: 6381: 6019: 5958: 4770: 4689: 4309: 4023: 3995: 3716: 3393: 3287:

contains the largest cave on the continent. Ethiopia also has the second-largest number of

3029: 2998: 2874: 2862: 2321: 1993: 1948: 1859: 1491: 1296: 549: 523: 11782: 10501:

Keefer, Edward C. (1973). "Great Britain and Ethiopia 1897–1910: Competition for Empire".

6426:, serving as written amulet. Some of these were intended for magical purpose, for example 5941:

have also been used over the years by different Ethiopian communities. The latter include

3648: 3349: 2020: 8: 19194: 18687: 18657: 18491: 18132: 17835: 17764: 17697: 17608: 17547: 17477: 17446: 17295: 17239: 17162: 17137: 17060: 17027: 16542: 15709:"Ethiopian Manuscripts and Ethiopian Manuscript Studies. A brief Overview and Evaluation" 15153: 13686: 13197: 13076:"An Egyptian cyber attack on Ethiopia by hackers is the latest strike over the Grand Dam" 13027: 9492:"Earliest Stone-Tipped Projectiles from the Ethiopian Rift Date to >279,000 Years Ago" 8491: 8448: 7303: 6307: 6231: 6015: 5979: 5931: 5927: 5172: 5156: 4859: 4709: 4509:

is one of the country's biggest companies which generates over a billion dollars annually

4377: 4291: 4267: 4256: 4203: 4171: 4086: 3999: 3987: 3927: 3855: 3828: 3810: 3564: 3318: 3300: 3280: 3215: 3033: 2987: 2960: 2886: 2698: 2674: 2666: 2173: 2169: 1813: 1563: 1463: 1428: 1396: 1380: 1350: 766: 669: 647: 411: 16895: 16082: 15559: 13453: 12805:"Abiy put Ethiopia on the road to democracy: but major obstacles still stand in the way" 12190: 12021: 11831: 9775:

Karl W. Butzer, "Rise and Fall of Axum, Ethiopia: A Geo-Archaeological Interpretation",

9566: 9507: 9444: 9132: 9029: 8934: 8883: 8327: 8097: 7895: 7763: 6026:, which included the vast majority of Christians in Egypt and Ethiopia, were accused of 4733:

in order to advance innovative and technological solutions through in-house arenas. The

3574: 3384:

between China and Ethiopia had supplied funds to develop 12 of the total 56 kilometres.

3309: 19168: 19077: 19000: 18757: 18752: 18717: 18627: 18607: 18511: 18476: 18410: 17984: 17618: 17512: 17050: 16921: 16415: 16202: 16169: 15587: 15293: 15266: 14949: 14941: 14676: 14368: 14256: 13935: 13767:"Ethiopian Airlines flies high with 20% increase in earnings despite global challenges" 13663: 13638: 12838: 12683: 12516: 12217: 12174: 12145: 12120: 11845: 10518: 10467: 10399: 10121:

The Process of International Legal Reproduction: Inequality, Historiography, Resistance

9585: 9550: 9526: 9491: 9472: 9271: 9170: 9154: 9094: 9086: 8954: 8903: 8580: 8309: 8256: 8248: 8117: 7948: 7229: 7113: 6904: 6877: 6738: 6703: 6693: 6222:

2015, the literacy rate had further increased, to 49.1% (57.2% male and 41.1% female).

6096: 6046: 6035: 5861: 5797: 4489: 4423: 4327: 3778: 3544: 3459: 3455: 3377: 3343: 3223: 3219: 3211: 2983: 2784: 2623: 2619: 2230: 2226: 1952: 1934: 1770:(Ḥabashat), and denotes for the first time the highland inhabitants of Aksum. This new 1539: 1392: 1292: 1284: 1191: 205: 15917: 15200: 14967: 11116:"Restructuring the Soviet–Ethiopian Relationship: A Csse Study in Asymmetric Exchange" 8864: 8686:

Aksum and Nubia: Warfare, Commerce, and Political Fictions in Ancient Northeast Africa

5792:

lists 90 individual languages spoken in the country. Most people in the country speak

1637:, "an Ethiopian") is a compound word, later explained as derived from the Greek words 19750: 19590: 19420: 19415: 19410: 19405: 19400: 19395: 19390: 19143: 18951: 18737: 18682: 18677: 18667: 18647: 18612: 18092: 17780: 17740: 17730: 17725: 17710: 17687: 17322: 17077: 16818: 16812: 16756: 16734: 16719: 16695: 16660: 16644: 16623: 16604: 16577: 16561: 16522: 16492: 16473: 16437: 16419: 16380: 16278: 16207: 16189: 15888: 15884:

Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500), Volume 2

15806: 15776: 15579: 15571: 15343: 15323: 15298: 15090: 15041: 14953: 14891: 14831: 14666: 14580: 14502:"Future Shock: How Environmental Change and Human Impact Are Changing the Global Map" 14347: 13668: 13318: 13095: 12887: 12875: 12675: 12269: 12222: 12204: 11849: 11257: 11076: 10900: 10870: 10843: 10833: 10803: 10770: 10737: 10592: 10540: 10432: 10422: 10351: 10321: 10284: 10152: 10125: 10070: 9994: 9984: 9950: 9911: 9884: 9858: 9789: 9727: 9660: 9590: 9531: 9476: 9464: 9456: 9276: 9245: 9220: 9195: 9162: 9098: 9051: 9043: 8946: 8895: 8821: 8690: 8572: 8301: 8260: 8240: 8203: 8171: 8109: 8084: 8063: 8026: 8016: 7372: 7255:. Ethiopia has Sub-Saharan Africa's longest basketball tradition as it established a 7193: 7165: 7075: 7043: 7023: 6857: 6817: 6715: 6567: 6544: 6390: 6068: 5923: 5907: 5829: 5801: 5723: 5703: 4231: 4121: 3843: 3740: 3560: 3466: 3322:

as Gondar and Axum. The modern capital, Addis Ababa, is situated on the foothills of

3072: 3013:

affected around 8 million people, resulting in 1 million dead. Insurrections against

2907: 2858: 2853:(OAU). Opinion within Ethiopia turned against Haile Selassie, owing to the worldwide 2653: 2417: 2305: 2214: 2066: 2025: 1555: 1475: 1324: 1267: 511: 356: 343: 160: 16718:.: An account of the author's travels in Ethiopia. 280 p., ill. with a b&w map. 16682: 15591: 14628:"Population Projection of Ethiopia for All Regions At Wereda Level from 2014 – 2017" 13275:"Ethiopia, Republic Of Korea Agree To Jointly Combat Terrorism, Cross-Border Crimes" 9551:"Assessment of complex projectiles in the early Late Pleistocene at Aduma, Ethiopia" 9174: 9069:

Zarins J (1990). "Early Pastoral Nomadism and the Settlement of Lower Mesopotamia".

8121: 6205:

serves as the country's biggest hub which showcases the country's newest innovations

3021:(TPLF) merged with other ethnically based opposition movements in 1989, to form the 2339:, the Oromos were largely motivated by several folkloric conceptions—beginning with 19643: 19385: 19380: 19375: 19370: 19365: 19360: 19355: 19148: 19117: 19082: 19051: 19005: 18982: 18828: 18722: 18712: 18672: 18602: 18354: 18179: 18149: 18012: 17804: 17613: 17097: 17087: 17055: 17045: 16932: 16407: 16197: 16181: 15720: 15563: 15288: 15278: 14933: 14658: 14576: 14339: 13658: 13650: 12667: 12212: 12194: 12140: 12132: 12054: 11835: 11054: 10629: 10584: 10510: 10459: 10313: 9580: 9570: 9521: 9511: 9448: 9146: 9078: 9033: 8987: 8982: 8958: 8938: 8907: 8887: 8291: 8283: 8232: 8101: 8055: 8050: 7648: 7348: 7325: 6885: 6873: 6634: 6630: 6575: 6532: 6394: 6299: 6268: 6084: 5865: 5853: 5845: 5753: 5733: 5611: 5026:

are the largest ethnic group in Ethiopia, at 34.4% of the nation's population. The

4619: 4419: 3964: 3786: 3656: 3427: 3339: 3276: 3181: 3014: 2694: 2615: 2425: 2405: 2391: 2281: 2270: 2238: 2139: 2131: 2120: 2057: 2008: 1927: 1779: 1751: 1432: 1320: 1304: 1120: 1040: 762: 708: 695: 603: 573: 191: 81: 16518:

Women and Slavery: Africa, the Indian Ocean world, and the medieval north Atlantic

15831:"About St. Yared – St. Yared Ethiopian Cuisine & Coffeehaus – Indianapolis IN" 15396:"Ethiopia's progress in education: A rapid and equitablension of access – Summary" 14308:"Ethiopian Traditional Medications and their Interactions with Conventional Drugs" 13997: 13858: 12240: 11840: 11815: 11096: 10920: 10487:

International Crisis Group, "Ethnic Federalism and its Discontents". Issue 153 of

7054: 5872:, which also belongs to the Afroasiatic family, is likewise spoken in some areas. 4238:(Ethiopian Federal Police) who both enforce federal laws domestically and for the 3916:. Since then, the country was seen redundant by world powers until the opening of 2606:

allied to Britain, Turkey, and Egypt against the Sudanese Mahdist State. In 1887,

19554: 19350: 19345: 19046: 19041: 18868: 18793: 18727: 18622: 18299: 18257: 18042: 17102: 16978: 16949: 16467: 16368:

The Question of the Union of the Churches in Luso-Ethiopian Relations (1500–1632)

16271:"50 stunning Olympic moments: Abebe Bikila's 1960 marathon victory – in pictures" 16004: 15882: 15476: 15317: 15084: 14885: 14717:. April 2003. International Development Research Centre. Retrieved on 24 May 2008 14714: 14547: 13980: 13410: 13216:"Ethiopia's military spending in 2022 increased by 88% to $ 1 billion – research" 12588:"Ethiopia declares 6 months state of emergency over Oromia protests | Africanews" 12568: 12106: 12061: 12028: 11915: 11714:"Statement on the Indiscriminate Massacre of the Residents of Merawi in Ethiopia" 11690: 11647: 11574: 11556: 11345: 11187: 10575:

Pankhurst R (1966). "The Great Ethiopian Famine of 1888–1892: A New Assessment".

10561: 10536: 10377: 10024: 9815:"A New History Changes the Balance of Power Between Ethiopia and Medieval Europe" 9575: 9516: 9189: 9038: 9013: 8654: 8601: 8345: 8176: 7363: 7276: 7213: 6958: 6726: 6711: 6707: 6642: 6638: 6562:

in a piece of 15th century Ethiopian sacred art holding a mequamia (prayer stick)

6286: 6004: 5895: 5857: 5837: 5813: 5713: 5693: 4763: 4743: 4693: 4623: 4295: 4057: 3747: 3556: 3503: 3420:, one of the national symbols of Ethiopia, found only in the north of the country 3354: 3177: 2948: 2854: 2510:. Before the Zemene Mesafint, Emperor Iyoas I had introduced the Oromo language ( 2487: 2472: 2441: 2395: 2203: 1923: 1840: 1732: 1728: 1483: 1455:. From 2018, regional and ethnically based factions carried out armed attacks in 1388: 1345: 1278: 722: 618: 372: 367: 338: 146: 13608:"Power generation begins at 1,870-MW Gibe III hydroelectric project in Ethiopia" 13157: 12856: 12731:

The Institute for Peace and Diplomacy - l’Institut pour la paix et la diplomatie

11312: 10763:"Ethiopia Executes 60 Former Officials, Including 2 Premiers and Military Chief" 7778:"Population Size by Sex, Area and Density by Region, Zone and Wereda: July 2024" 7645:

Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census Results

7119: 6914: 6737:

Mäskäräm, for years between 1901 and 2099 (inclusive), is usually 11 September (

6404: 5625: 4702: 3017:

rule sprang up, particularly in the northern regions of Eritrea and Tigray. The

2711: 2400: 2276: 1427:

and the Solomonic dynasty, and ruled the country for nearly 17 years amidst the

19518: 19187: 19153: 19087: 19015: 18961: 18912: 18592: 18571: 18314: 18262: 18197: 18105: 17714: 17499: 17461: 13220: 12199: 11282: 10957: 10491:

report (4 September 2009) p. 2; Italy lost over 4,600 nationals in this battle.

8139: 7495: 7354: 7012: 6985: 6827: 6753: 6697: 6488: 6484: 6408: 6349: 6340:

The "Bete Medhane Alem" or "House of our Saviour" is one of the 12 churches in

6303: 6246: 6062: 6050: 5946: 5938: 5849: 5805: 5673: 5449: 5045: 4919: 4611: 4207: 4191: 4175: 4170:

The Ethiopian army's origins and military traditions date back to the earliest

4125: 4066: 3972: 3893: 3709: 3690: 3436: 3370: 3284: 3269: 3230: 3198: 3165: 2834: 2805: 2746: 2731: 2716: 2678: 2662: 2635: 2507: 2495: 2313: 2293: 2154: 2149: 2077: 2062: 2016: 1791: 1697: 1628: 1531: 1424: 1332: 1303:

extended its realm over Eritrea and the northern region of Ethiopia, while the

1195: 1098: 494: 435: 333: 129: 16959: 16753:

My Life and Ethiopia's Progress: The Autobiography of Emperor Haile Selassie I

16411: 16185: 15283: 14937: 11145: 11115: 10255: 10211: 8991: 8287: 4500: 2927:, a committee made up of military and police officers. After the execution of 2543: 19744: 19726: 19713: 19530: 19163: 19056: 18697: 18597: 18329: 18154: 18144: 18127: 18100: 18077: 18067: 18057: 18032: 18002: 17899: 17705: 17082: 16944: 16837: 16705: 16282: 16193: 15575: 15499:"National Human Development Report 2015 Ethiopia | Human Development Reports" 13766: 13738: 13054:"For Thousands of Years, Egypt Controlled the Nile. A New Dam Threatens That" 12905: 12891: 12727:"Failure to Stand for Democracy in Ethiopia Has Weakened Democracy Worldwide" 12679: 12208: 11261: 10874: 10807: 10774: 10741: 10588: 9998: 9460: 9280: 9047: 8576: 8305: 8244: 8067: 8030: 7414: 7409: 7390: 7290: 7221: 7181: 7177: 7147: 7008: 6996: 6954: 6892: 6869: 6669: 6646: 6587: 6274: 6258: 6054: 6027: 5841: 5825: 5743: 5556: 5540: 5522: 5506: 5488: 5472: 5420: 5404: 5336: 5302: 5284: 5268: 5229: 5027: 5011: 4949: 4904: 4889: 4844: 4755: 4506: 4299: 3979: 3774: 3686: 3626: 3599: 3552: 3470: 3237:, which runs generally southwest to northeast and is surrounded by lowlands, 3169: 3160:

in the intervening years, Ethiopia and the Tigrayan rebel forces agreed to a

3133: 2769: 2642: 2631: 2437: 2288:

The Ethiopian Empire initiated territorial expansion under the leadership of

2258: 2250: 2199: 2165: 2070: 1755: 1736: 1724: 1681:(habitable world). The earliest mention of the term is found in the works of 1503: 1312: 1271: 1163: 441: 429: 423: 405: 328: 300: 287: 112: 17936: 17791: 15830: 15745:"20 Of The Best Poets And Poems of Ethiopia (Qene included) — allaboutETHIO" 15724: 14924:

Hayward R, Hassan M (2009). "The Oromo orthography of Shaykh Bakri Saṗalō".

13314:

Ethiopia Business Law Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Basic Laws

12701: 10847: 10612:"U.S. and Soviet Foreign Aid during the Cold War – A Case Study of Ethiopia" 10436: 9452: 9303:"Archaeologists Uncover Evidence of an Ancient High-Altitude Human Dwelling" 9150: 8105: 6194:(EGSECE), also known as Grade 10 national exam and Grade 12 national exam. 5598: 5248: 4437:

Exports are almost entirely agricultural commodities (with the exception of

3963:

as well as neighboring countries. Ethiopia is a strategic partner of Global

3338:

in the east of Ethiopia, the climate can be significantly hotter and drier.

2375: 2142:

emerged in what is now Tigray Region and Eritrea. According to the medieval

19281: 19276: 18990: 18788: 18762: 18379: 18374: 18369: 18359: 18344: 18339: 18334: 18324: 18319: 18309: 18304: 18294: 18252: 18247: 18242: 18237: 18222: 18212: 18207: 18202: 18192: 18164: 18137: 18115: 18052: 18047: 18027: 18022: 18017: 17874: 16981:(which includes current State Dept. press releases and reports on Ethiopia) 16225: 16211: 15567: 15369: 15302: 15178: 14680: 13672: 12960: 12226: 12136: 11816:"Farmer's response to climate change and variability in Ethiopia: A review" 11691:"Amhara conflict: Ethiopians massacred in their homes by government troops" 10463: 9594: 9535: 9468: 9166: 9055: 8950: 8899: 8561:"Ethiopica: Some Historical Reflections on the Origin of the Word Ethiopia" 8113: 7225: 7202: 7139: 7000: 6950: 6891:

The sole internet service provider is the national telecommunications firm

6749: 6742: 6658: 6591: 6571: 6518: 6369: 6353: 6135: 6023: 5942: 5809: 5517: 5023: 5007: 4827: 4759: 4751: 4747: 4685: 4678: 4533: 4525: 4114: 4011: 3975: 3885: 3850: 3701: 3582:

is the highest court determining constitutionality of ordeals in the nation

3323: 2801: 2739: 2645:'s Shewan Oromo militia, which occupied lands that had not been held since 2468: 2433: 2328: 2289: 2262: 2144: 2093: 1974: 1962: 1915: 1897: 1888: 1879: 1762:

version of the Ezana inscription, Aἰθίοπες is equated with the unvocalized

1701: 1617: 1606: 1471: 1400: 1316: 1275: 399: 387: 16866: 14486:. U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants. 19 June 2008. Archived from 12671: 12159:

Mongabay.com Ethiopia statistics. (n.d). Retrieved 18 November 2006, from

11575:"Ethiopia Tigray crisis: Rights commission to investigate 'mass killings'" 10596: 10557:"Famine Hunger stalks Ethiopia once again – and aid groups fear the worst" 8059: 6065:

with Rome, with adherents making up less than 1% of the total population.

2899: 1933:

Ethiopia is also considered one of the earliest sites of the emergence of

19681: 19635: 18923: 18803: 18569: 18349: 18232: 18227: 18217: 18187: 18120: 18110: 18062: 18037: 17997: 17992: 17889: 16592: 15548:

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences

14456: 14181: 13654: 11648:"Ethiopia civil war: Hyenas scavenge on corpses as Tigray forces retreat" 7004: 6839: 6665: 6654: 6615: 6583: 6453: 6333: 6311: 5630: 5213: 5208: 5190: 5094:

populations migrated to towns seeking work and better living conditions.

5082: 4964: 4934: 4739: 4645:

Ethiopia had 58 airports as of 2012, and 61 as of 2016. Among these, the

4631: 4540: 4471: 4427: 4361: 4195: 4027: 4019: 4007: 3936: 3921: 3909: 3610: 3595: 3245: 2952: 2823: 2649:'s war, as well as other areas that had never been under Ethiopian rule. 2603: 2599: 2591: 2577: 2534: 2480: 2460: 2360: 2336: 2237:

was plundered by Arab Muslims in the 8th century; along with irrevocable

2181: 2112: 1944: 1919: 1495: 1487: 1353: 1263: 1235: 1199: 656: 641: 453: 447: 279: 15856: 15583: 14827:

Language Ideologies and Challenges of Multilingual Education in Ethiopia

14662: 14343: 13198:"Ethiopian Treasures - Emperor Yohannes IV, Battle of Metema - Ethiopia" 13096:"Row over Africa's largest dam in danger of escalating, warn scientists" 13010:"Obama visit highlights Ethiopia's role in fighting Islamist terrorists" 12842: 12687: 12655: 12539:"At least 33 protesters killed in Ethiopia's Oromiya region: opposition" 10832:. Thomas Leiper Kane Collection. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10645:

Clapham, Christopher (2005) "Ḫaylä Śəllase" in Siegbert von Uhlig, ed.,

10403: 9329:"The first people to live at high elevations snacked on giant mole rats" 8942: 8891: 8865:"Stratigraphic placement and age of modern humans from Kibish, Ethiopia" 8841: 8746:

The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: travel and trade in the Indian Ocean

8584: 8560: 6386: 6057:) churches have recently gained ground. Since 1930, a relatively small 6049:. It is by far the largest Christian denomination, although a number of 3083:

In July 1991, the EPRDF convened a National Conference to establish the

19578: 19542: 18267: 18169: 18007: 17869: 17667: 17204: 17167: 16677:, Acta Universitatis Danubius Œconomica, VI, n. 1/2010, pp. 5–16. 14794: 13639:"Enset in Ethiopia: a poorly characterized but resilient starch staple" 13457: 10471: 9158: 9090: 8313: 8252: 7224:

gold medals in track and field, most of them in long distance running.

7084: 7066: 7016: 6920: 6822: 6719: 6673: 6123: 6115: 6109:

Declining child mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa and Ethiopia since 1950

6014:

Ethiopia has close historical ties with all three of the world's major

6000: 5996: 5788: 5582: 5347: 5297: 5243: 5224: 4796: 4376:

is slated to be the largest hydroelectric power station in Africa. The

4120:

Ethiopia is one of the African countries that was a founding member of

4110: 4062: 3917: 3736: 3669: 3533: 3518: 3413: 3408: 3376:

Since April 2019, the Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed has promoted

3369:. These include increases in temperature and changes in precipitation. 3265: 3145: 3061: 2975: 2842: 2720: 2607: 2550: 2527: 2379: 2309: 2161: 2126: 2030: 1364: 588: 542: 527: 500: 53: 49: 14945: 13114:"Who Owns the Nile? Egypt, Sudan, and Ethiopia's History-Changing Dam" 12118: 10522: 9267:"In the Ethiopian Mountains, Ancient Humans Were Living the High Life" 6468:. Most poets recount past events, social unrests, poverty and famine. 4198:. Ethiopia only has 3 branches inside the military, consisting of the 4136:

in Ethiopia, including fighting poverty, sustainable economic growth,

3563:

vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament. The

3478:

mean score of 7.16/10, ranking it 50th globally out of 172 countries.

2023:

and to extreme weather. According to a study published in the journal

1864: 18662: 18431: 18364: 18159: 17894: 15247: 14910:

Fattovich, Rodolfo (2003) "Akkälä Guzay" in von Uhlig, Siegbert, ed.

13901:"World Cattle Inventory: Ranking of countries (FAO) | Cattle Network" 10050:"Oromo: Migration and Expansion: Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries" 8713: 8296: 7198: 7168:), are other popular dishes, originating from northwestern Ethiopia. 7096: 7093: 6991: 6619: 6579: 6510: 6294: 5833: 5783: 5602:

Addis Ababa seen at nighttime, the financial epicenter of the country

5438: 5433: 5399: 5035: 5019: 4874: 4639: 4415: 4357: 4287: 3253: 3249: 2940: 2810: 2797: 2753: 2413: 2332: 2210: 2177: 2041: 2001: 1989: 1957: 1883: 1870: 1670: 1583: 1336: 1288: 417: 52:

names rather than family names. These persons are addressed by their

16984: 15688: 14553: 14517: 13237:"Somalia refuses to accept Ethiopian naval base in breakaway region" 12656:"The Ethiopian Transition: Democratization or New Authoritarianism?" 9082: 8236: 6629:". Several notable musical artists emerged thereafter, for example, 3124:

The federal government decided that elections for 2020 (later being

2849:. Haile Selassie also played a leading role in the formation of the 2432:. During his rule, Fasilides constructed the iconic royal fortress, 2184:, tortoise shell, gold and emeralds, and importing silk and spices. 1969:, or the immediate ancestors of anatomically modern humans. Archaic 1739:, the Greek term Aithiops does occur, referring to a servant of the 1550:

is the country's largest economic sector, accounting for 36% of the

1315:

ruled the north-central parts of Ethiopia until being overthrown by

18843: 18808: 18778: 18642: 17925: 16395: 14562:"Development of agriculture in Ethiopia since the 1975 land reform" 11939:"Ethiopia PM raises over $ 25m for project to beautify Addis Ababa" 11652: 11532:"Ethiopia's Tigray region holds vote, defying Abiy's federal gov't" 11481:"Ethiopian parliament allows PM Abiy to stay in office beyond term" 10514: 8044:

Hopkin M (16 February 2005). "Ethiopia is top choice for cradle of

7233: 7173: 6967: 6848:

is the most popular TV channel in Ethiopia. It is mainly known for

6748:

Another calendrical system was developed around 300 BC by the

6730: 6702:

Ethiopia has several local calendars. The most widely known is the

6437: 6361: 6341: 6282: 6072: 5642:

as well as many other secondary schools. The literacy rate is 82%.

5279: 4548: 4407: 4348:

currently under construction is set to be the largest dam in Africa

4294:

situation. Inflation surged to 40% in August 2011 because of loose

4106: 3257: 3148:. By March 2022, as many as 500,000 people had died as a result of 2944: 2935:

abolished the monarchy in March 1975 and established Ethiopia as a

2456: 2452: 2356: 2296:

came under the suzerainty of the Ethiopian Empire. Stretching from

2266: 2254: 2101: 1612: 1589: 1211: 1158: 1102: 16247: 16151:"The Simpsons Episode Well-Received by Ethiopians On Social Media" 14970:. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 11557:"Ethiopia Tigray crisis: Rockets hit outskirts of Eritrea capital" 8397:"5 reasons why Ethiopia could be the next global economy to watch" 7236:

at the 1960 Rome Olympic Games in a world record time of 2:15:16.

4532:, gold, leather products, and oilseeds. Recent development of the 2116: 1759: 1673:

used the appellation to denote those parts of Africa south of the

18971: 18966: 18931: 18873: 18823: 18818: 18747: 18072: 16836:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

15933:"Ethiopia's New Addiction – And What It Says About Media Freedom" 13798: 13256: 13241: 11506:"Ethiopia's Tigray region defies PM Abiy with 'illegal' election" 8346:"Ethiopia attack: Dozens 'rounded up and killed' in Oromia state" 7814:"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Ethiopia)" 7157: 7088:

in Ethiopian culture, and vegetable side dishes served on top of

6962: 6946: 6862: 6853: 6845: 6706:, also known as the Ge'ez calendar, and written with the ancient 6677: 6432: 6263: 5919: 5899: 5821: 5817: 5683: 5483: 5381: 5365: 5031: 5015: 4713: 4544: 4179: 4102: 3905: 3443: 3207: 3092: 2772: 2476: 2448: 2440:. He is also credited with building seven stone bridges over the 2429: 2105: 2089: 2073: 1771: 1740: 1686: 1678: 1328: 1259: 1219: 1203: 537: 323: 40: 17040: 16541: 13507:"Ethiopia to Open Banks for Ethiopian Investors in the Diaspora" 10066:

The Missionary Strategies of the Jesuits in Ethiopia (1555–1632)

9883:. University of California Press. 3 November 1992. p. 283. 7638:"Table 2.2 Percentage distribution of major ethnic groups: 2007" 7150:, is one of the country's most popular delicacies. In addition, 6680:

was renowned for pioneering EDM after releasing his debut album

6430:

is used for magical defence. Scrolls were typically produced by

6328: 4113:

and the challenge it would pose to their historic connection of

2085: 2053: 1886:

discovered to date in Ethiopia is the 4.2 million-year-old

1447:. Since then, Ethiopia has suffered from prolonged and unsolved 1300: 682: 19245: 19240: 19233: 19228: 18956: 18941: 18707: 18702: 16963: 16612: 16331:"History makers: Ethiopia's role in the creation of CAF, AFCON" 16101:"Addis International Film Festival | Human Rights Film Network" 13184:

The Rising Tide of Cultural Pluralism: The Nation-State at Bay?

11420:"Ethnic violence displaces hundreds of thousands of Ethiopians" 9946:

The Saho of Eritrea: Ethnic Identity and National Consciousness

9749:"The wealth of Africa – The kingdom of Aksum – Teachers' notes" 7594:"One to five: Ethiopia gets four new federal working languages" 7135: 7089: 7060: 6973: 6596: 6523: 6465: 6423: 6008: 5976: 5869: 5551: 5535: 5467: 5263: 5200: 5049: 4635: 4580:

Two trans-African automobile routes pass through Ethiopia: the

4517: 4411: 4403: 4399: 4365: 4098: 4094: 4015: 3261: 3238: 2979: 2583: 2428:". He expelled Jesuits, reclaimed lands, and relocated them to 2421: 2352: 2297: 2234: 1988:-speaking populations arrived in the region during the ensuing 1787: 1674: 16659:(updated ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. 15036:. Collegeville, MN: Michael Glazier/Liturgical Press. p. 13480:"Ethiopia to launch four more industry parks within two years" 12987:"Obama Becomes First Sitting U.S. President To Visit Ethiopia" 11025:"Ethiopia After the Revolution: Vultures in the Land of Sheba" 10796:"Ethiopia's Military Government Abolishes Monarchy and Titles" 10201:(Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie University Press, 1968), pp. 297f 9746: 8371:"Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Ethiopia formally join BRICS" 3283:

are the largest continuous mountain ranges in Africa, and the

2919:

Haile Selassie's rule ended on 12 September 1974, when he was

2553:

defended Ethiopia's sovereignty during the age of imperialism.

1295:

period. Southwestern Ethiopia has been proposed as a possible

19293: 19269: 19264: 19257: 19252: 19210: 18936: 18893: 18888: 18853: 18813: 18798: 18783: 17884: 17879: 16792:

Siegbert Uhlig & Alessandro Bausi, et al. (eds.) (2010).

15689:"Gondarine Art and Architecture (HaAh 523) – Course Syllabus" 15319:

African Higher Education: An International Reference Handbook

13158:"The United Nations in Ethiopia | United Nations in Ethiopia" 11629:"The World's Deadliest War Isn't in Ukraine, But in Ethiopia" 9406:"Earliest evidence of high-altitude living found in Ethiopia" 7176:—is prepared from roasted barley flour and originated in the 7169: 7143: 6604: 6559: 6416: 6415:

The Ethiopian literary works mostly consisted of handwritten

6192:

Ethiopian General Secondary Education Certificate Examination

6076: 5903: 5501: 5415: 5331: 5253: 4552: 4442: 4090: 3939:

since its conception, Ethiopia is a founding member to the AU

3901: 3039: 2833:

On 24 October 1945, Ethiopia became a founding member of the

2611: 2587: 2499: 2301: 2246: 1939: 1709: 1682: 1644: 1638: 1632: 1523: 1379:; as a result, Ethiopia preserved its sovereignty during the 1243: 1227: 1151: 16396:"Closing the Transition: the May 1995 Elections in Ethiopia" 15201:"Global distribution of health workers in WHO Member States" 13636: 11460:

Fano Will Not Lay Down Arms If Demands Are Not Met: Chairman

11101:

Library of Congress – American Memory: Remaining Collections

9924: 5078: 3797:, jailing opposition group members and limit media freedom. 2198:

The kingdom adopted the name "Ethiopia" during the reign of

19317: 17859: 17157: 15962:"Why has Ethiopia pulled its mobile internet access again?" 15264: 12961:"Ethiopia – Agoa.info – African Growth and Opportunity Act" 12471:"Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles has died: state television" 11593:"Ethiopia: Tigray leader confirms bombing Eritrean capital" 9355:"Earliest Evidence of Human Mountaineers Found in Ethiopia" 7530:"Ethiopia to Add 4 more Official Languages to Foster Unity" 7418:

by that time, so its use in coins simplified foreign trade.

7109: 7100: 7079: 6470: 6356:

architecture with most architectural structure similarity.

6290: 6218: 6128: 5313: 4529: 4438: 4431: 4313:

An Ethiopian logistics shipping cargo docked at the Red Sea

3897: 3447: 2971: 2924: 2878: 2347:—many of whom related to their raids. This persisted until 2207: 2097: 1997: 1926:, and is one of the most complete and best-preserved adult 1893: 1621: 1546:

in expansion of agricultural and manufacturing industries;

1419:, a Soviet-backed military junta, took power in 1974 after 1416: 792: 14883: 14476: 12613:"Ethiopian Prime Minister wins the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize" 11395:"Thousands Are Arrested in Ethiopia After Ethnic Violence" 9981:

The Oromo and the Christian Kingdom of Ethiopia, 1300–1700

7647:. Population Census Commission. p. 16. Archived from 6995:. The modern era saw several reoccurring actors including 6865:

has been the largest TV network since its launch in 2017.

5910:. Ge'ez now serves as the liturgical language of both the 5022:. According to the Ethiopian national census of 2007, the 4368:. In 1959, Egypt and Sudan signed a bilateral treaty, the 3982:

during this trip focused on combatting Islamic terrorism.

3888:(bottom row, fourth from left) in G8 Group meeting in 2007 2745:

The early 20th century was marked by the reign of Emperor

16872: 14858:. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Archived from 14402: 13585: 13558:"Six million children threatened by Ethiopia drought: UN" 12876:"Comparison of local governments in Hungary and Ethiopia" 12642:

The Economist Intelligence Unit's Index of Democracy 2010

12630:

The Economist Intelligence Unit's Index of Democracy 2010

12377:"Ethiopia | Country report | Freedom in the World | 2015" 11673:"Parties in Ethiopia conflict agree to cease hostilities" 10450:

Young J (1998). "Regionalism and democracy in Ethiopia".

10390:

CAULK R (1971). "The Occupation of Harar: January 1887".

4340: 4280: 4089:

in the region. Despite six upstream countries (Ethiopia,

4051: 3465:

Ethiopia is one of the eight fundamental and independent

3115:

continues, mainly due to destabilization of the country.

2993:

In 1976–78, up to 500,000 were killed as a result of the

2479:

in 1769, the reigning emperor, and installed 70-year-old

1175: 19179: 14535: 14533: 14531: 14529: 14527: 14525: 13822:"Ethiopian Coffee Culture – Legend, History and Customs" 13794:"Ethio Telecom forecasts 19% rise in revenue in 2023/24" 13739:"Fixing Addis light rail may cost at least $ 60 million" 13257:"National Intelligence and Security Services – Ethiopia" 12171: 11364:"At least 23 die in weekend of Ethiopia ethnic violence" 11198: 11113: 10252:"Political Program of the Oromo People's Congress (OPC)" 10005: 9489: 9429: 8920: 6555: 5038:

represent 6.2% and 6.1% of the population respectively.

3771:

internal and intercommunal conflicts in the 21st century

3180:

in early 2024, which left 50 to 100 residents deaths in

3128:) be cancelled, due to health and safety concerns about 3099:. In May 1998, a border dispute with Eritrea led to the 2677:

with green, yellow and red stripes in representation of

1610:, the name is ascribed to a legendary individual called 16801:

Alessandro Bausi & S. Uhlig, et al. (eds.) (2014).

16755:. Translated by Edward Ullendorff. Chicago: Frontline. 16620:

Revolutionary Ethiopia From Empire to People's Republic

14614: 14282:"Timnit Gebru: The 100 Most Influential People of 2022" 12779:"The Ethiopia of Abiy Ahmed and the Pending Transition" 12509:"Profile: Ethiopia's 'placeholder' PM quietly holds on" 11250:"Eritrea Marks Independence After Years Under Ethiopia" 9657:

Ancient Ethiopia. Aksum: Its Antecedents and Successors

8136:"Humans Moved From Africa Across Globe, DNA Study Says" 6190:(NEAEA). Since 2018, there are two national exams: the 6083:

via modern-day Eritrea, which was at the time ruled by

4766:

most influential people in 2022, was born in Ethiopia.

4162:

Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) training under

2638:, and other peoples. He achieved this with the help of 1955:, around 200,000 years ago. Additionally, skeletons of 168: 89: 32:

This article is about the country. For other uses, see

14926:

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies

14512: 14510: 10863:"Ethiopian Official Is Believed to Have Been Executed" 10661:

Italiani in Africa Orientale: La conquista dell'Impero

10577:

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences

7383: 6961:. Films began modernized in the 2000s and implemented 6868:

The most widely circulated newspapers in Ethiopia are

6422:

Another notable writing book is protective (or magic)

5991:

decades ago. Sunnis form the majority of Muslims with

4712:

in 2013. He was best known for discovering fossilized

4422:

centre of diversity for domesticated crops, including

4275:

Ethiopia registered the fastest economic growth under

2787:. The independence of Ethiopia was interrupted by the 2598:

but were initially defeated. From 1885 to 1889 (under

2416:

halted Roman Catholic state administration, restoring

2327:

By the 16th century, an influx of migration by ethnic

1562:, the country is regarded as poor, with high rates of 16639:

The Life and Times of Menelik II: Ethiopia, 1844–1913

14522: 12399: 11188:"Why a photo of Mengistu has proved so controversial" 9071:

Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research

8862: 8770:"Oldest human skeleton offers new clues to evolution" 8080: 7339: 7232:

country to win an Olympic gold medal when he won the

6965:

language. The most internationally grossed films are

6298:

introduced, its iconography was partly influenced by

4474:, Ethiopia which hosts over 50,000 passengers a day. 2007:

In 2019, archaeologists discovered a 30,000-year-old

1287:

emerged from modern-day Ethiopia and set out for the

170:

Nayəʾitəyop̣əya Federalawi Demokərasiyawi Ripsäbəlikə

17834: 16683:

Monetary developments and decolonization in Ethiopia

16679:

Monetary Developments and Decolonization in Ethiopia

16675:

Monetary developments and decolonization in Ethiopia

16058:"Ethiopia has shut down social media and here's why" 14610: 14608: 14606: 14604: 13411:"Ethiopia: IMF Positive on Country's Growth Outlook" 12753:"Ethiopia: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report" 11765:"UNESCO World Heritage Centre – World Heritage List" 10539:. Uppsala, Sweden: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet (2005) 10254:. Gargaaraoromopc.org. 23 April 1996. Archived from 10240:. London: Oxford University Press. pp. 139–143. 9719: 7266: 6188:

National Education Assessment and Examination Agency

6030:

and designated as heretics under the common name of

5786:, there are 109 languages spoken in Ethiopia, while 5030:

represent 27.0% of the country's inhabitants, while

4085:

project, which was escalated in 2020, would have on

3789:

regimes. Under Abiy Ahmed, Ethiopia is experiencing

3708:

of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, and

3617:", second over "parties specified by federal laws". 2104:-influenced because of the latter's hegemony of the 1746:

Following the Hellenic and biblical traditions, the

1522:

focused on Africa. Ethiopia became a full member of

120:

Rippabliikii Federaalawaa Dimokraatawaa Itiyoophiyaa

16817:(2nd ed.). Athens, OH: Ohio University Press. 16514: 16174:

Korean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources

16031:"Ethiopia blocks social media sites over exam leak" 14853:"Federal Negarit Gazeta Establishment Proclamation" 14507: 14504:. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. 14232:"Zeresenay Alemseged – National Geographic Society" 13581:"Ethiopia powers on with controversial dam project" 12165: 12121:"Origins of food crops connect countries worldwide" 11965:"News: China's reprieve on interest-free loan only" 11731: 10827: 9114:"Farmers and Their Languages: The First Expansions" 9011: 8013:

The Falashas: a Short History of the Ethiopian Jews

4302:wage increase in early 2011, and high food prices. 2684: 15802:Eritrea and Ethiopia: from conflict to cooperation 15082: 14642: 14158:. AKH Project owners. January 2017. Archived from 14097: 14024:"Largest hydro electric power plant goes smoothly" 13446: 11783:"Does It Snow In Ethiopia [Winter Travel]" 10537:Eritrea and Ethiopia : The Federal Experience 10235: 9645:, "Ge'ez". Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, p. 732. 8649:For all references to Ethiopia in Herodotus, see: 4516:Ethiopia is often considered as the birthplace of 2861:was toppled, and a new government was formed with 2715:Ethiopian troops sent by the government under the 2385: 1900:in 1994. The most well-known hominid discovery is 91:Ye'ītiyop'iya Fēdēralawī Dēmokirasīyawī Rīpebilīki 15632:"Aksumite architecture: Architecture of Ethiopia" 14601: 13534:. Business Anti-Corruption Portal. Archived from 13140:"Are Egypt and Ethiopia heading for a water war?" 12857:"Ethiopia Political Map and Regions | Mappr" 12490:"Ethiopia acting PM to remain at helm until 2015" 11215: 11213: 10500: 9740: 9713: 8863:Mcdougall I, Brown H, Fleagle G (February 2005). 7220:) and football. Ethiopian athletes have won many 6729:, the sixth epagomenal day—which in essence is a 4524:Ethiopia also has the fifth largest inventory of 4190:was also able to defeat the Egyptians in 1876 at 3908:. Modern Ethiopian foreign relations began under 3781:(political and civil liberties) recorded in both 3023:Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front 2517: 1437:Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front 858:1,112,000 km (429,000 sq mi) ( 19742: 16430:Aksum: An African Civilization of Late Antiquity 15405:. Overseas Development Institute. Archived from 14728:"Poverty in Ethiopia Down 33 Percent Since 2000" 13716:"National Accounts Estimates of Main Aggregates" 11434:"12 killed in latest attack in western Ethiopia" 11123:London School of Economics and Political Science 10688:"(1963) Haile Selassie, "Towards African Unity"" 7587: 7585: 5139:CSA (Urban population projection values of 2016) 4653:in Dire Dawa accommodate international flights. 4038:. In addition, Ethiopia is also a member of the 3986:is primarily directed towards Europe, including 3943:Today, Ethiopia maintains strong relations with 3719:was appointed as a new prime minister until the 2537:(r. 1855–1868) brought an end to Zemene Mesafint 2355:, the earliest expansion occurred under Emperor 1311:in 615. After the collapse of Aksum in 960, the 16789:, Vol. 3: He–N. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. 16782:, Vol. 2: D–Ha. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. 14126:"Ethiopia–Djibouti electric railway line opens" 13578: 12933:(Trenton: The Red Sea Press, 1986), pp. 247–256 10310:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History 10148:National Geographic Visual History of the World 10091:"Latin Letters of Jesuits -Wendy Laura Belcher" 9659:. The British Museum Press. pp. 7, 48–50. 9352: 9111: 7914:"Population Projections for Ethiopia 2007–2037" 7764:"Overview About Ethiopia - Embassy of Ethiopia" 7612: 6475:answer parallel meanings. Thus, this is called 6310:, but were revived by Catholic emissaries. The 5995:being the second largest group of Muslims, and 4994:Population in millions according to 2007 Census 4651:Aba Tenna Dejazmach Yilma International Airport 2467:and the Wollo group led by Wubit. In 1767, Ras 16798:, Vol. 4: O–X. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. 16775:, Vol. 1: A–C. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. 16552:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). pp. 82–95. 15433:"Search Result: Ethiopia's plans and policies" 15315: 15271:International Journal of Mental Health Systems 14789: 14787: 12873: 12328:Federal Courts Proclamation 25/1996, Article 3 11392: 11210: 10270: 10113: 10111: 9726:. Westport, CN: Greenwood Press. p. 171. 9610: 9608: 9606: 9604: 9012:Hammond AS, Royer DF, Fleagle JG (July 2017). 7691:2007 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia 4081:are somewhat fraught owing to the effects the 3759:, which the report argued had made Ethiopia a 2486:Between 1769 and 1855, Ethiopia witnessed the 1943:. The oldest of these local fossil finds, the 152: 137:Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Federaalka Itoobiya 19195: 18555: 18447: 17966: 17952: 17820: 17796: 17000: 16374: 16005:"What is behind Ethiopia's wave of protests?" 15322:. Indiana University Press. pp. 316–25. 15230:"National Mental Health Strategy of Ethiopia" 14923: 14593:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of March 2024 ( 14100:"Ethiopia hopes to power neighbors with dams" 13378: 13186:. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 139. 12828: 12500: 11962: 10999:"Addis Ababa Emerges From a Long, Bloody War" 10649:. Wiesbaden:Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 1062–63. 10124:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 225–. 9930: 8856: 8223:Moore DH (1936). "Christianity in Ethiopia". 7582: 6203:Addis Ababa Science Museum of Art and Science 5119: 4130:United Nations Economic Commission for Africa 4044:United Nations Economic Commission for Africa 3598:. In addition, the Supreme Court can perform 3469:for cultivated plants in the world. However, 3048:History of the federal government of Ethiopia 1750:, a 3rd-century inscription belonging to the 1512:United Nations Economic Commission for Africa 220: 73: 16938:World Bank Ethiopia Summary Trade Statistics 16535: 16167: 15023: 14338:. World Intellectual Property Organization. 12437: 12363:Ethiopia – Country Governance Profile EN.pdf 12342:"Constitution of Ethiopia – 8 December 1994" 12265:Land Management: Challenges & Strategies 12101: 12099: 12089:(LULUCF); and natural background flows of CO 11670: 11645: 10976: 10380:. Vislardica.com. Retrieved on 3 March 2012. 10350:. Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 89–92. 10151:. National Geographic Society. p. 333. 9630:. London: Oxford University Press, pp. 5–13. 9181: 8815: 8795:"Mother of man – 3.2 million years ago" 8606:. Rock View International. 2003. p. 366 7808: 7806: 7804: 7802: 7681: 7679: 7677: 7675: 7673: 7671: 7669: 7108:". Traditional Ethiopian cuisine employs no 4178:'s attempt to expand from a coastal base at 4040:Pan African Chamber of Commerce and Industry 2404:Fasil Ghebbi, one of the key castles of the 2225:following the assassination of its governor 2115:and Sabaeans from Southern Arabia. However, 1508:Pan African Chamber of Commerce and Industry 135: 16747: 16366:Beshah, Girma, Aregay, Merid Wolde (1964). 15775:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 170. 15430: 15252:Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation 15016:Pew Forum on Religious & Public life. 9 14884:Mpoche, Kizitus, Mbuh, Tennu, eds. (2006). 14784: 14708:"Breaking the Cycle of Poverty in Ethiopia" 14702: 14700: 14698: 14696: 14694: 14692: 14690: 14648: 12867: 11916:"Ethiopia PM hosts 'most expensive dinner'" 10443: 10344:Borders, Nationalism, and the African State 10108: 9601: 9548: 9191:Archaeology, Language, and the African Past 8978:fossil claim rewrites our species' history" 8761: 8200:Archaeology, Language, and the African Past 6479:(gold and wax). The most notable poets are 6460:in 1980s one of Ethiopia's renowned writers 6412:preservation has improved in recent years. 6181:The Ethiopian education is governed by the 3800: 3559:is exercised by the government and federal 3162:cessation of hostilities on 2 November 2022 2933:Provisional Military Administrative Council 2929:60 former government and military officials 2447:Gondar's power declined after the death of 1297:homeland of the Afroasiatic language family 118: 19202: 19188: 18562: 18548: 18454: 18440: 17959: 17945: 17827: 17813: 17007: 16993: 16491:. New York, NY: International Publishers. 15762: 15370:"Ethiopian National Exam Result 2022–2023" 14914:. Weissbaden: Otto Harrassowitz KG, p.169. 14335:Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition 13234: 12831:International Journal of Ethiopian Studies 11936: 11814:Gezie M (1 January 2019). Moral MT (ed.). 11393:Ahmed H, Goldstein J (24 September 2018). 10937: 10419:Dictionary of African historical biography 10138: 9654: 9483: 8842:"Institute of Human Origins: Lucy's Story" 8818:Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins 8643: 8565:International Journal of Ethiopian Studies 8424:"Ethiopia Can Be Africa's Next Superpower" 8191: 7936: 7022:One of the most prestigious film award is 6649:. It also employed tradition style called 5638:secondary school. Addis Ababa has its own 5126: 5112: 4588:. Ethiopia has 926 km of electrified 4132:and the African Union. The UN prioritizes 4124:, which served as the predecessor for the 3488: 3229:The major portion of Ethiopia lies in the 3095:gained independence from Ethiopia after a 3079:: territorial control as of September 2023 3041:Federal Democratic Republic (1991–present) 2814:, liberated Ethiopia in the course of the 2320:, but was ultimately defeated at the 1543 2202:in the 4th century. After the conquest of 613:Chief Justice of the Federal Supreme Court 264: 104: 16465: 16201: 15768: 15706: 15292: 15282: 15089:. Kessinger Publishing. pp. 130–41. 15076: 14830:. African Books Collective. p. 143. 13687:"Get the gangsters out of the food chain" 13662: 13181: 12644:. (PDF). p.17. Retrieved on 3 March 2012. 12530: 12268:. Global India Publications. p. 16. 12216: 12198: 12144: 12096: 11839: 11412: 11346:"Ethiopia and Eritrea declare end of war" 11070: 10574: 10416: 10276: 10042: 10011: 9852: 9584: 9574: 9525: 9515: 9214: 9140: 9037: 8809: 8343: 8295: 7799: 7666: 6211:in 1991 to 757,000 in 2014, per UIS data. 4656: 3793:since 2019 marked by turbulent period of 3336:Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands 3313:Köppen climate classification of Ethiopia 3107:between the two countries would continue 2837:. In 1952, Haile Selassie orchestrated a 2436:, built forty-four churches, and revived 1661:, the designation properly translates as 1659:Liddell-Scott Jones Greek-English Lexicon 1502:. Addis Ababa is the headquarters of the 1457:multiple ongoing wars throughout Ethiopia 1050: 17880:Harar Jugol, the Fortified Historic Town 17849:List of World Heritage Sites in Ethiopia 16953:) is being considered for deletion. See 16728: 15874: 15606:"The Use of DMT in Early Masonic Ritual" 15154:"WaterAid UK – Where we work – Ethiopia" 14994:"Ethiopia: A Model Nation of Minorities" 14687: 13764: 13718:. The United Nations Statistics Division 13710: 13708: 13360:""One Hundred Ways of Putting Pressure"" 12365:. OSGE and OREB. March 2009. p. 14. 11739:"CIA World Factbook – Rank Order – Area" 10503:International Journal of African Studies 9942: 9696:"Solomonic Descent in Ethiopian History" 9239: 8971: 8820:. Crown Publishing Group. pp. 8–9. 8678: 8676: 8624: 8596: 8594: 7893: 7243:was one of four founding members of the 7197: 7078:consists of various types of thick meat 7053: 6821: 6554: 6452: 6385: 6327: 6262: 6235: 6196: 6165: 6104: 5962: 5894:Ethiopia's principal orthography is the 5624: 5597: 5581: 5077: 4339: 4321: 4308: 4266: 4157: 4056: 3926: 3876: 3849: 3573: 3517: 3407: 3348: 3308: 3248:in the northern and southwestern parts. 3197: 3172:. According to reports conducted by the 3071: 3003:People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia 2898: 2883:People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia 2726: 2710: 2399: 2275: 2125: 2061: 1981:skeleton currently known (196 ± 5 kya). 1863: 1723:also occurs in many translations of the 1367:launched a series of conquests known as 909: 890: 18570:Kingdoms and dynasties of the medieval 16814:A History of Modern Ethiopia, 1855–1991 16733:(4th ed.). Hollywood, CA: Tsehai. 16694:Reprint, New York: Olive Branch, 2003. 16687: 16328: 16126:"Ethiopian International Film Festival" 16055: 15930: 15496: 14960: 14917: 14877: 14767:"Glottolog 4.8 - Languages of Ethiopia" 14387: 13995: 13968: 13966: 13964: 13962: 13931:"Ethiopia's flower trade in full bloom" 12776: 12653: 12087:land use, land-use change, and forestry 12075:Millennium Development Goals indicators 11711: 11167: 11114:Crowell Anderson-Jaquest T (May 2002). 10996: 10860: 10483: 10481: 10117: 9628:Church and State in Ethiopia: 1270–1527 9378: 9217:The Languages and Linguistics of Africa 8558: 8337: 8010: 7980: 7978: 7976: 7974: 7836: 7522: 7070:(stew) is typical of Ethiopian cuisine. 5571: 4073:Ethiopia's foreign relations with both 3623:Federal Judicial Administration Council 3058:Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present) 2868: 2424:in 1636, marking the beginning of the " 2316:, tried to conquer Ethiopia during the 2096:. This polity's capital was located at 1984:According to some linguists, the first 1851:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 1188:Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia 69:Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia 18:Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia 14: 19743: 18461: 16969:Key Development Forecasts for Ethiopia 16785:Siegbert Uhlig, et al. (eds.) (2007). 16778:Siegbert Uhlig, et al. (eds.) (2005). 16769:Siegbert Uhlig, et al. (eds.) (2003). 16731:The Survival of Ethiopian Independence 16654: 16636: 16617: 16515:Campbell G, Miers S, Miller J (2007). 16170:"Meat Consumption Culture in Ethiopia" 15959: 15955: 15953: 15792: 15738: 15736: 15734: 15702: 15700: 15698: 15686: 15544:"The peoples and cultures of Ethiopia" 15449: 15020:August 2012. Retrieved 29 October 2013 14991: 14987: 14985: 14823: 14559: 14026:. English.people.com.cn. 12 April 2006 13736: 13064:from the original on 10 February 2020. 13007: 12948:The Survival of Ethiopian Independence 12849: 12802: 12585: 12569:"Ethiopia declares state of emergency" 12536: 12506: 12419:"President expelled from ruling party" 12357: 12355: 11671:Winning A, Cocks T (2 November 2022). 11646:Chothia F, Bekit T (19 October 2022). 11340: 11338: 11147:Mengistu Haile Mariam Interview (1990) 10609: 10340: 10318:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.279 10303: 10144: 9978: 9747:The British Museum, The CarAf Centre. 9264: 9242:Historical Linguistics, Fourth Edition 9187: 9068: 9062: 8767: 8742: 8542:"Major problems facing Ethiopia today" 8421: 8273: 8197: 8164: 8043: 6441:Ethiopia used accordion books (called 5633:the epicenter of the nation's economy 4735:Ethiopian Space Science and Technology 4240:National Intelligence Security Service 4224:National Intelligence Security Service 3750:published by the United Kingdom-based 3365:Ethiopia is vulnerable to many of the 3068:Eritrean independence referendum, 1993 2818:in 1941. The country was placed under 2723:fighting for South Korean independence 2304:. Among these Muslim entities was the 1266:, lies several kilometres west of the 226:"Wedefīt Gesigishī Wid Inat ītiyop’iy" 19183: 18543: 18435: 17940: 17808: 17795: 17014: 16988: 16810: 16643:Reprint, Trenton, NJ: Red Sea, 1995. 16574:Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia 16571: 16400:The Journal of Modern African Studies 16393: 16268: 15798: 15541: 15029: 14844: 13998:"Ethiopia's designs on leather trade" 13879: 13705: 13579:Eastwood V, Elbagir N (31 May 2012). 13051: 12822: 12487: 12447:. Freedom House. 2007. Archived from 12405: 12261: 11888: 11813: 11660:from the original on 22 October 2022. 11204: 11057:and Christopher Van der Beken. 2021. 10894: 10632:and Christopher Van der Beken. 2021. 10449: 10389: 10062: 9690: 9688: 9542: 9326: 8749:. Longmans, Green, and Co. p. 62 8682: 8673: 8591: 8222: 7858: 7787:. Ethiopian Statistical Service (ESS) 7552: 7347: 7138:are the most popular dishes from the 7032:Ethiopian International Film Festival 6838:(EBC), formerly known as ETV, is the 6661:was critical of the Derg government. 4418:, and vegetables. Ethiopia is also a 4018:. Ethiopia is founding member of the 3514:Rulers and Heads of State of Ethiopia 2826:was restored with the signing of the 1947:, were excavated in the southwestern 1439:(EPRDF) dominated the country with a 106:ityoppiah federalih demokrasih ummuno 19677:BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement 16979:Ethiopia pages – U.S. Dept. of State 16714:. London: Century, 1984, cop. 1968. 15880: 15658:"Architecture of Aksun and Lalibela" 14539:Shivley, K. "Addis Ababa, Ethiopia" 14331: 14148: 14098:Independent Online (18 April 2006). 13959: 13911:from the original on 31 January 2017 13898: 13331: 13304: 12387:from the original on 18 January 2017 12073:United Nations Statistics Division, 11313:"War 'devastated' Ethiopian economy" 11293:from the original on 12 January 2017 11022: 10950: 10940:"The Superpowers and the Ogaden War" 10921:"The Mengistu Regime and Its Impact" 10658: 10478: 10306:"Ethiopia in the Nineteenth Century" 9903: 9194:. Rowman Altamira. pp. 143–44. 9105: 8834: 8202:. AltaMira Press. pp. 150–163. 7971: 7906: 7873:United Nations Development Programme 5070:List of cities and towns in Ethiopia 4528:. Other main export commodities are 3866: 3555:but with largely ceremonial powers. 3525:is the lower house of the Ethiopian 3144:there, marking the beginning of the 1853: instead of Ethiopic characters. 1486:is a founding member of the UN, the 1451:and political instability marked by 1383:. In 1936, Ethiopia was occupied by 1327:, claimed descent from the biblical 19796:Member states of the United Nations 15950: 15910:"The Borana Calendar Reinterpreted" 15857:"Music in Ethiopia — allaboutETHIO" 15731: 15695: 15118:(Dorman et al., 2009, p. 622). 14982: 13814: 13504: 13310: 13287: 12984: 12632:. (PDF). Retrieved on 3 March 2012. 12352: 11370:. 17 September 2018. Archived from 11335: 10958:"US admits helping Mengistu escape" 9949:. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 170. 9897: 9782: 9244:. The MIT Press. pp. 399–400. 8603:Africa Geoscience Review, Volume 10 8276:Journal of African Cultural Studies 8167:"Around the world from Addis Ababa" 7727:. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) 6436:, non-ordained clergy expertise on 6393:, prolific religious author in the 6240:Cultural performance in Addis Ababa 5999:are a minority. Sunnis are largely 5586:Addis Ababa seen from the air, 2024 5135:Largest cities or towns in Ethiopia 3085:Transitional Government of Ethiopia 2791:, beginning when it was invaded by 2758:a nationwide modernization campaign 2475:, seized Gondar, killing the child 1708:was a specific toponym for ancient 1620:, said to have founded the city of 1574:, and a literacy rate of only 49%. 1387:and annexed with Italian-possessed 232:March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia 24: 19786:Member states of the African Union 16601:Un Train en Afrique. African Train 16507: 16349: 15805:. The Red Sea Press. p. 197. 14887:Language, literature, and identity 14805:from the original on 18 March 2017 14395:"Explore All Countries – Ethiopia" 14182:"List of all airports in Ethiopia" 14048:. Addistribune.com. Archived from 13939:. 19 February 2006. Archived from 13859:"Starbucks in Ethiopia coffee vow" 11988: 10175:(Africa World Press, 2005), pp.1–4 10017: 9685: 9219:. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 311. 8142:. 21 February 2008. Archived from 7924:from the original on 3 August 2020 7866:"Human Development Report 2023/24" 7630: 7591: 7540:from the original on 14 March 2020 7299:Index of Ethiopia-related articles 7104:hands—a tradition referred to as " 7050:List of Ethiopian dishes and foods 6836:Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation 6830:former headquarters in Addis Ababa 6828:Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation 6464:Ethiopia is highly popularized in 6043:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church 5973:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church 5804:branches. The former includes the 4722:or "Lucy's baby" in December 2000. 4663:Science and technology in Ethiopia 4332:List of power stations in Ethiopia 4213: 3969:African Growth and Opportunity Act 3252:in the north is the source of the 3054:Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict 3040: 2703:Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea 1727:in allusion to Nubia. The ancient 1669:in adjectival form. The historian 1616:. He was an extra-biblical son of 25: 19807: 16957:to help reach a consensus. › 16881: 16250:. International Olympic Committee 16226:"Culture of the people of Tigrai" 15907: 15393: 14749:"Condominium housing in Ethiopia" 14046:"Hydroelectric Power Plant built" 13532:"Business Corruption in Ethiopia" 12880:De Iurisprudentia et Iure Publico 12241:"Ethiopia: Environmental Profile" 11256:. Associated Press. 25 May 1993. 9353:Charles Q. Choi (9 August 2019). 8625:Liddell HG, Scott R. "Aithiops". 8328:"Ethnicity and Power in Ethiopia" 7245:Confederation of African Football 7028:Addis International Film Festival 6752:. A lunar-stellar calendar, this 6714:, which in turn derives from the 6657:, and Ethio Stars. By this time, 6609:Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church 6531:) in 1667 as an argument for the 5879:including the 1995 constitution. 5629:Over 5 million residents live in 4801:List of ethnic groups in Ethiopia 4777:Ethiopia was ranked 125th in the 3569:House of Peoples' Representatives 3523:House of Peoples' Representatives 3174:Ethiopian Human Rights Commission 2783:in emulation of Imperial Japan's 1554:as of 2020. However, in terms of 1270:that splits the country into the 663:House of Peoples' Representatives 19596: 19584: 19572: 19560: 19548: 19536: 19524: 19512: 19500: 19323: 19311: 19299: 19287: 19275: 19263: 19251: 19239: 19227: 18586:Islamic sultanates & Empires 17924: 16888: 16860: This article incorporates 16855: 16831: 16486: 16377:Historical Dictionary of Eritrea 16322: 16304:"Athletics – Abebe Bikila (ETH)" 16296: 16262: 16240: 16218: 16161: 16143: 16118: 16093: 16075: 16049: 16023: 15997: 15979: 15924: 15901: 15848: 15823: 15680: 15650: 15624: 15598: 15535: 15516: 15490: 15463: 15443: 15424: 15387: 15362: 15336: 15309: 15258: 15240: 15234:Mental Health Innovation Network 15222: 15193: 15171: 15146: 15121: 15112: 15103: 15054: 15010: 14904: 14850: 14817: 14759: 14741: 14720: 14620: 14494: 14444: 14419: 14325: 14300: 14274: 14249: 14224: 14199: 14174: 14132:. 5 October 2016. Archived from 14118: 14091: 14064: 14038: 14016: 13989: 13923: 13892: 13873: 13851: 13839: 13786: 13758: 13730: 13679: 13630: 13600: 13572: 13550: 13524: 13498: 13472: 13425: 13403: 13352: 13267: 13249: 13228: 13208: 13190: 13175: 13150: 13132: 13106: 13088: 13068: 13045: 13020: 13001: 12978: 12953: 12936: 12923: 12898: 12796: 12770: 12745: 12719: 12694: 12647: 12635: 12623: 12605: 12579: 12561: 12481: 12463: 12411: 12369: 12334: 12320: 12305: 12291: 12282: 12255: 12233: 12153: 12112: 12067: 12047: 12034: 12014: 12005: 11982: 11956: 11930: 11908: 11882: 11856: 11807: 11789: 11775: 11757: 11705: 11683: 11664: 11639: 11621: 11603: 11585: 11567: 11549: 11524: 11498: 11473: 11451: 11426: 11422:. irinnews.com. 8 November 2017. 11386: 11356: 11323:from the original on 4 July 2016 11305: 11275: 11242: 11180: 11161: 11129: 11107: 11089: 11064: 11047: 11016: 10990: 10931: 10913: 10888: 10854: 10821: 10788: 10755: 10722: 10716: 10710: 10704: 10698: 10680: 10667: 10652: 10639: 10622: 10603: 10568: 10550: 10529: 10494: 10410: 10383: 10364: 10334: 10297: 10244: 10229: 9880:UNESCO General History of Africa 9300: 7421: 7283: 7269: 7228:became the first athlete from a 7212:The main sports in Ethiopia are 6913: 5969:Church of Saint George, Lalibela 5247: 5237: 5194: 5184: 4701: 4677: 4499: 4481: 4463: 4150:Ethiopian National Defense Force 3647: 3640: 3476:Forest Landscape Integrity Index 3400:Environmental issues in Ethiopia 3019:Tigray People's Liberation Front 3005:(PDRE) upon the adoption of the 2966:After a power struggle in 1977, 2841:. He dissolved this in 1962 and 2685:Haile Selassie I era (1916–1974) 2542: 2526: 2370:before invading Adal Sultanate. 1951:area and have been dated to the 1914:, the specimen was found in the 1831: 1731:texts identify Nubia instead as 1677:that were then known within the 1526:in 2024. Ethiopia is one of the 1075: 1074: 1049: 1027: 1026: 1008: 1007: 975: 974: 956: 955: 923:92.7/km (240.1/sq mi) ( 908: 889: 240: 198: 184: 16558:Minutes of an Ethiopian Century 16436:. Edinburgh: University Press. 16308:International Olympic Committee 16168:Seleshe S, Jo C, Lee M (2014). 15937:Inter Press Service News Agency 15854: 15742: 15522: 15179:"Ethiopia – Health and Welfare" 15062:"The History of Ethiopian Jews" 14460:. 9 August 1926. Archived from 14102:. Int.iol.co.za. Archived from 13261:Action On Armed Violence (AOAV) 12011:Bicyclus, Site of Markku Savela 11963:Addisstandard (25 April 2019). 11073:A History of Genocide in Africa 10861:Kaufman MT (15 November 1977). 10204: 10191: 10178: 10165: 10083: 10056: 9972: 9963: 9936: 9871: 9846: 9821: 9807: 9769: 9673: 9648: 9633: 9620: 9423: 9398: 9372: 9346: 9320: 9294: 9258: 9233: 9208: 9005: 8965: 8914: 8787: 8736: 8727: 8718: 8703: 8660: 8618: 8552: 8534: 8509: 8484: 8466: 8441: 8415: 8389: 8363: 8320: 8267: 8216: 8158: 8128: 8074: 8037: 8004: 7887: 7770: 7747:"Zenawism as ethnic-federalism" 7725:www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/ 7402: 7316: 7241:Ethiopia national football team 7180:. Tihlo is now very popular in 6317: 5607:hectares of land to cultivate. 5063: 4784: 4374:Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam 4346:Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam 4083:Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam 3387: 3142:attacks on army units stationed 2820:British military administration 2675:colours of the pan-African flag 2562:British expedition to Abyssinia 2514:) at court, replacing Amharic. 2386:Early Modern Period (1632–1855) 2273:(known by exonym "Abyssinia"). 2157:, via their royal inscription. 2134:at its peak in the 6th century. 2088:was established in present-day 1992:era from the family's proposed 1530:but is sometimes considered an 1407:, and its full sovereignty was 141:code: som promoted to code: so 124:code: orm promoted to code: om 18772:Christian kingdoms and Empires 16426: 16105:www.humanrightsfilmnetwork.org 15931:Jeffrey J (21 December 2017). 15887:. Facts on File. p. 230. 15772:Culture and Customs of Somalia 15316:Teferra D, Altbach PG (2003). 14968:"Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela" 14890:. Cuvillier. pp. 163–64. 14452:"Abyssinia: Ethiopian Protest" 13985:Overseas Development Institute 13235:Paravicini G (12 April 2024). 12077:: Carbon dioxide emissions (CO 12055:How to Help Endangered Species 11991:"Bird Checklists of the World" 10736:. Reuters. 13 September 1974. 10647:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: D-Ha 10636:. London: Routledge, pp 23–34. 10280:World Monarchies and Dynasties 10238:The Ethiopian Royal Chronicles 9679: 9614: 9112:Diamond J, Bellwood P (2003). 7900:Embassy Of Ethiopia Washington 7756: 7739: 7721:"Ethiopia- The World Factbook" 7713: 7697:. 13 July 2010. Archived from 7475:Anti-federal government rebels 4614:railways, 656 km for the 4383: 3665:(representative head of state) 3527:Federal Parliamentary Assembly 3418:Simien Mountains National Park 2957:resettlement and villagization 2518:Age of Imperialism (1855–1916) 2308:. During the reign of Emperor 2229:. The Red Sea was left to the 2187: 1520:non-governmental organizations 633:Federal Parliamentary Assembly 555:Federal parliamentary republic 48:This article contains several 13: 1: 16942: 16329:Mehrish A (31 October 2022). 16248:"Ethiopian Olympic Committee" 15083:Thomas P Ofcansky LB (2004). 14912:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C 14072:"The "white oil" of Ethiopia" 13280:Fana Broadcasting Corporation 12874:Vértesy L, Lemango T (2022). 11841:10.1080/23311932.2019.1613770 11820:Cogent Food & Agriculture 11061:. London: Routledge, pp 35–43 11023:Katz DR (21 September 1978). 10769:. Reuters. 24 November 1974. 10173:History of the City of Gondar 10118:Parfitt R (17 January 2019). 9910:. Routledge. pp. 22–70. 9720:Adejumobi, Saheed A. (2007). 9639:Uhlig, Siegbert (ed.) (2005) 8689:. NYU Press. pp. 52–53. 8517:"Ethiopia Poverty Assessment" 8344:BBC Staff (3 November 2020). 8165:Kaplan K (21 February 2008). 7596:. Africa News. Archived from 7510: 7430:Pro-federal government troops 7184:and spreading further south. 7146:, which originated among the 6551:Ethiopian Golden Age of music 6494: 6375: 6087:, a pious Christian emperor. 6079:. The disciples subsequently 5884:1995 Constitution of Ethiopia 4769:Ethiopia is known for use of 4455:Coffee production in Ethiopia 4277:Meles Zenawi's administration 4271:Development of GDP per capita 4263:Industrial sector in Ethiopia 4032:Organization of African Unity 3873:Foreign relations of Ethiopia 3727:as Prime Minister, following 3493: 3158:peace and mediation proposals 3007:1987 Constitution of Ethiopia 2851:Organisation of African Unity 2760:from 1916 when he was made a 2257:. Zagwe's rule ended when an 2233:in 646, and the port city of 2176:and the Roman Empire via the 2164:and his brother Edesius from 1996:("original homeland") in the 1824: 1774:was subsequently rendered as 1713: 1500:Organisation of African Unity 27:Country in the Horn of Africa 19128:Second Ajuran-Portuguese war 18527:Little Ethiopia, Los Angeles 17905:Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela 17865:Bale Mountains National Park 16622:. Indiana University Press. 16560:, Shama Books, Addis Ababa, 16375:Connel D, Killion T (2011). 16361:. London, England: Longmans. 15662:kolibri.teacherinabox.org.au 15208:The World Health Report 2006 15129:"Ethiopia MDG Report (2014)" 14581:10.1016/0169-5150(91)90022-D 13737:Tikuye E (21 January 2023). 13202:www.ethiopiantreasures.co.uk 12944:A History of Modern Ethiopia 12931:Empress Taytu and Menelik II 11769:UNESCO World Heritage Centre 11712:Account (16 February 2024). 10997:Ottaway DB (21 March 1979). 10828:ʼAndārgāčaw Ṭerunah (1993). 10392:Journal of Ethiopian Studies 10199:Economic History of Ethiopia 10069:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. 9576:10.1371/journal.pone.0216716 9517:10.1371/journal.pone.0078092 9039:10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.04.004 8816:Johanson DC, Wong K (2010). 7894:Ethiopia EO (30 July 2023). 7515: 7463:Ethiopian federal government 7440:Ethiopian federal government 6957:, Yemane Demissie, and 6923:is an Ethiopian-born actress 6517:(1599–1692) and his student 6162:Higher education in Ethiopia 6149: 5984:Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela 5649: 4688:. In 1964, he discovered an 4669:List of Ethiopian scientists 4630:between Addis Ababa and the 4618:between Addis Ababa and the 4616:Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway 4569: 4188:Army of the Ethiopian Empire 4154:Military history of Ethiopia 3896:that exported goods such as 3892:Ethiopia was historically a 3187: 2895:1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia 2847:Eritrean War of Independence 2707:Eritrean War of Independence 2047: 1961:were found at a site in the 1577: 1405:occupied by the British Army 1299:. In 980 BC, the Kingdom of 806:People's Democratic Republic 169: 90: 39:For the genus of moths, see 7: 19123:First Ajuran-Portuguese war 17875:Fasil Ghebbi, Gondar Region 17173:Federal Democratic Republic 16927:Central Intelligence Agency 16365: 16130:ethiopianfilminitiative.org 15636:RTF | Rethinking The Future 15542:Lewis IM (27 August 1976). 15210:. World Health Organization 14617:. Retrieved 5 October 2008 14484:"World Refugee Survey 2008" 13899:Cook R (2 September 2015). 13765:Mengesha S (15 June 2023). 13295:"Proclamation No. 804/2013" 13052:Walsh D (9 February 2020). 12702:"Ethiopia: Country Profile" 12243:. Mongabay. 4 February 2006 11168:Tessema S (November 2017). 10984:The Black Book of Communism 10938:Oberdorfer D (March 1978). 10283:. Routledge. pp. 39–. 10277:Middleton J (1 June 2015). 10236:Pankhurst, Richard (1967). 9549:Sahle Y, Brooks AS (2018). 9379:Dvorsky G (9 August 2019). 8768:Ansari A (7 October 2009). 8422:Africa S (29 August 2020). 7954:Central Intelligence Agency 7822:International Monetary Fund 7384: 7340: 7262: 6687: 5952: 5912:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo 4488:Ethiopia's biggest company 4194:, led by Ethiopian Emperor 4143: 3757:2010 parliamentary election 3752:Economist Intelligence Unit 3632: 3289:UNESCO World Heritage Sites 3138:proceeded to hold elections 2865:serving as Prime Minister. 2822:, and then Ethiopia's full 2756:was deposed, and undertook 2366:), when they encroached to 2194:Ethiopia in the Middle Ages 1363:From 1878 onwards, Emperor 1256:2nd-most populous in Africa 154:ናይኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ 100:In other official languages 10: 19812: 16487:Valdes Vivo, Raul (1977). 16427:Munro-Hay, Stuart (1991). 16056:Sharkov D (12 July 2016). 15497:Nations U (January 2015). 15064:. Jewishvirtuallibrary.org 14649:Curtis S, Klaus I (2024). 14427:"Population, total | Data" 14236:www.nationalgeographic.org 13339:"Ethiopian Federal Police" 12777:Velasco G (1 April 2022). 12537:Maasho A (8 August 2016). 12488:Lough R (22 August 2012). 12200:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 11937:AfricaNews (14 May 2019). 10673:Clapham, "Ḫaylä Śəllase", 10663:(in Italian). p. 131. 10371:The Egyptians in Abyssinia 9904:Abir M (28 October 2013). 9855:History of Ethiopian Towns 9794:World History Encyclopedia 9700:World History Encyclopedia 9327:Smith KN (9 August 2019). 9265:Zimmer C (8 August 2019). 9018:Journal of Human Evolution 8972:Callaway E (7 June 2017). 7191: 7047: 7041: 7037: 6902: 6814:Communications in Ethiopia 6811: 6691: 6548: 6542: 6498: 6379: 6321: 6256: 6229: 6225: 6159: 6153: 6094: 6007:, and there are also many 5993:non-denominational Muslims 5975:; the site is part of the 5956: 5916:Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo 5906:to transcribe the Semitic 5653: 5575: 5236: 5183: 5104: 5067: 4794: 4788: 4666: 4660: 4647:Bole International Airport 4626:) and 270 km for the 4586:N'Djamena-Djibouti Highway 4573: 4452: 4448: 4387: 4370:1959 Nile Waters Agreement 4325: 4260: 4254: 4250: 4184:Ottoman conquest of Habesh 4147: 4006:, while emigration to the 3933:African Union Headquarters 3914:British expedition of 1868 3870: 3804: 3511: 3497: 3397: 3391: 3305:Climate change in Ethiopia 3298: 3294: 3191: 3136:'s TPLF opposed this, and 3065: 3051: 3045: 2986:, as well as a formidable 2974:, invaded Ethiopia in the 2872: 2845:Eritrea, resulting in the 2808:forces, together with the 2789:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 2691:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 2688: 2647:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi 2559: 2455:'s death in 1755, Empress 2389: 2253:, changing its capital to 2223:besieged and retook Sana'a 2191: 2051: 1935:anatomically modern humans 1903:Australopithecus afarensis 1857: 1817: 1811: 1807: 1657:"face"). According to the 1645: 1639: 1633: 1604:In the 15th-century Ge'ez 1581: 1478:and a small percentage to 1319:in 1270, inaugurating the 1285:Anatomically modern humans 1254:country in the world, the 75:የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ 47: 38: 31: 19781:Least developed countries 19687:BRICS Universities League 19669: 19634: 19611: 19490: 19429: 19338: 19217: 19209: 19136: 19113:Adal conquest of Ethiopia 19100: 19070: 19024: 18980: 18921: 18771: 18585: 18578: 18467: 18388: 18285: 18178: 18091: 17983: 17974: 17968:Ethnic groups in Ethiopia 17921: 17900:Melka Kunture and Balchit 17890:Lower Valley of the Awash 17855: 17846: 17802: 17797:Links to related articles 17758: 17696: 17579: 17570: 17485: 17476: 17427: 17348: 17339: 17286: 17238: 17234: 17225: 17026: 16849:Federal Research Division 16692:. New York: Random House. 16556:Deguefé, Taffara (2006). 16521:. Ohio University Press. 16412:10.1017/S0022278X00055233 16356: 16269:Bloor S (25 April 2012). 16186:10.5851/kosfa.2014.34.1.7 15987:"Ethiopia Internet Users" 15713:Gazette du livre médiéval 15453:National EFA review, 2015 15284:10.1186/s13033-017-0144-4 15086:Ethiopia: A Country Study 14938:10.1017/S0041977X00144209 14583:(inactive 31 March 2024). 14500:Racin, L. (4 March 2008) 13996:Averill V (31 May 2007). 13008:Onyulo T (26 July 2015). 12894:– via ResearchGate. 12803:Gedamu Y (16 June 2020). 12660:Northeast African Studies 12040:Encyclopedia of Nations. 11889:Dahir AL (5 March 2019). 11283:"Will arms ban slow war?" 11075:. ABC-CLIO. p. 163. 9931:Connel & Killion 2011 9014:"The Omo-Kibish I pelvis" 8992:10.1038/nature.2017.22114 8478:The Low Ethiopian Reports 8288:10.1080/13696819808717830 7376: 7329: 7172:(ጥሕሎ)—which is a type of 6898: 6448: 6140:World Health Organization 6090: 6075:to escape persecution in 6059:Ethiopian Catholic Church 5889: 5852:, as well as the Semitic 5593:World Health Organization 4993: 4988: 4978: 4973: 4963: 4958: 4948: 4943: 4933: 4928: 4918: 4913: 4903: 4898: 4888: 4883: 4873: 4868: 4858: 4853: 4843: 4836: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4811:Ethnic groups in Ethiopia 4809: 4628:Awash–Hara Gebeya Railway 3815:List of zones of Ethiopia 3769:Accompanied by pervasive 3698:first multiparty election 3404:Deforestation in Ethiopia 3367:effects of climate change 2828:Anglo-Ethiopian Agreement 2752:. He came to power after 2659:First Italo–Ethiopian War 2618:after his victory at the 2574:First Italo-Ethiopian War 1973:fossils excavated at the 1595:Ayele Berkerie explains: 1544:foreign direct investment 1528:least developed countries 1349:in the mid-18th century. 1202:. It shares borders with 1169: 1157: 1145: 1135: 1127: 1109: 1094: 1064: 1039: 1020: 1001: 987: 968: 949: 931: 917: 902: 883: 876: 866: 852: 845: 841: 828: 815: 802: 789: 780:Anglo-Ethiopian Agreement 776: 759: 746: 733: 718: 705: 692: 679: 675: 668: 653: 638: 628: 624: 609: 594: 579: 564: 560: 548: 536: 468: 386: 352: 316: 272: 263: 229: 221: 214: 180: 153: 74: 67: 34:Ethiopia (disambiguation) 17885:Konso Cultural Landscape 17870:Gedeo Cultural Landscape 17195:War in Somalia (2006–09) 16955:templates for discussion 16804:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica 16795:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica 16787:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica 16780:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica 16772:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica 16357:Abir, Mordechai (1968). 15960:Gaffey C (1 June 2017). 15475:24 November 2016 at the 14992:Abegaz B (1 June 2005). 14653:. New Haven and London: 14630:. Government of Ethiopia 14550:. Retrieved 15 May 2008. 14546:11 February 2017 at the 14257:"Science And Technology" 13979:12 November 2010 at the 13505:Sze M (12 August 2019). 13386:"World Economic Outlook" 12507:Malone B (27 May 2015). 12161:Rainforests.mongabay.com 12093:(See also: Carbon cycle) 12081:), thousand tonnes of CO 10675:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica 10376:26 December 2011 at the 9779:46, (July 1981), p. 495 9642:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica 9626:Tamrat, Taddesse (1972) 9123:(Submitted manuscript). 8712:s.v. Αἰθιοπία; see also 7967:(Archived 2022 edition.) 7844:"Gini Index coefficient" 7785:www.statsethiopia.gov.et 7620:"Ethiopian Constitution" 7309: 7257:national basketball team 7187: 7112:, as it is forbidden in 7058:This meal consisting of 6807: 6538: 6324:Architecture of Ethiopia 5578:Rural flight in Ethiopia 5074:Urbanization in Ethiopia 4791:Demographics of Ethiopia 4220:Ethiopian Federal Police 4036:African Union Commission 3984:Emigration from Ethiopia 3825:administratively divided 3807:Subdivisions of Ethiopia 3801:Administrative divisions 3382:Belt and Road Initiative 3077:Ethiopian civil conflict 2978:, capturing part of the 2732:Emperor Haile Selassie I 2717:Emperor Haile Selassie I 2669:(1888 to 1892), and the 2221:. In 575, the Aksumites 1820:Ethiopian historiography 222:ወደፊት ገስግሺ ፣ ውድ እናት ኢትዮጵያ 19613:BRICS U-17 Football Cup 17895:Lower Valley of the Omo 16711:In Ethiopia with a Mule 16673:Mauri, Arnaldo (2010). 16590:Hoskins, G. A. (1835), 16549:Encyclopædia Britannica 15725:10.3406/galim.2012.1993 15344:"Education in Ethiopia" 14795:"Languages of Ethiopia" 14088:. ethiopianreporter.com 13772:The Reporter (Ethiopia) 13744:The Reporter (Ethiopia) 12989:. National Public Radio 12105:Massicot, Paul (2005). 12053:Kurpis, Lauren (2002). 12027:5 February 2011 at the 12022:African Cultural Center 9723:The history of Ethiopia 9453:10.1126/science.aaw8942 9151:10.1126/science.1078208 8628:A Greek-English Lexicon 8106:10.1126/science.1153717 7467:Eritrean Defence Forces 7452:Eritrean Defence Forces 6800:(medium crescent), and 6776:(Central Orion-Saiph), 6279:illuminated manuscripts 6252: 5971:a pilgrimage site for 4779:Global Innovation Index 4731:competitive programming 4696:, known as snail fever. 4649:in Addis Ababa and the 4582:Cairo-Cape Town Highway 4390:Agriculture in Ethiopia 4134:sustainable development 4065:with Russian President 3920:due to an influence of 3489:Government and politics 3184:town in Amhara Region. 2906:was sentenced to death 2839:federation with Eritrea 2602:), Ethiopia joined the 2351:of Meslé. According to 2300:to the Somali Coast in 2284:during the Middle Ages 1712:. At least as early as 1560:Human Development Index 1536:fastest economic growth 1518:and many of the global 1466:with over 80 different 1445:ethnic-based federalism 1433:dissolution of the Derg 1413:military administration 1012:$ 205.130 billion ( 960:$ 431.688 billion ( 904:• 2007 census 819:Transitional government 317:Official languages 19771:Horn African countries 19761:East African countries 17523:Industrial development 17437:National Defense Force 17178:Eritrean–Ethiopian War 16862:public domain material 16611:. English and French. 15835:www.styaredcuisine.com 15568:10.1098/rspb.1976.0061 14569:Agricultural Economics 13972:Pavanello, Sara 2010. 13346:FEDERAL NEGARIT GAZETA 12942:Although Bahru Zewde, 12837:(1 & 2): 105–138. 12137:10.1098/rspb.2016.0792 12064:. Endangeredspecie.com 11718:Borkena Ethiopian News 11228:Ethiopian Constitution 10899:. London: Global Lit. 10589:10.1093/jhmas/XXI.2.95 10464:10.1080/01436599814415 10304:Tibebu T (June 2018). 9790:"Kingdom of Abyssinia" 9655:Phillipson DW (1998). 7394: 7367: 7358: 7209: 7071: 6831: 6563: 6461: 6397: 6337: 6271: 6241: 6206: 6174: 6172:Addis Ababa University 6120:infant mortality rates 6110: 6101:Healthcare in Ethiopia 5987: 5922:standard as Ethiopic, 5877:Federal Negarit Gazeta 5820:; the latter includes 5634: 5603: 5587: 5086: 4657:Science and technology 4349: 4314: 4272: 4167: 4070: 3940: 3904:, exotic animals, and 3889: 3863: 3791:democratic backsliding 3615:international treaties 3583: 3537:parliamentary republic 3529: 3500:Government of Ethiopia 3421: 3362: 3314: 3210:. It lies between the 3203: 3202:Relief map of Ethiopia 3111:. As of 2018, further 3101:Eritrean–Ethiopian War 3080: 2937:Marxist-Leninist state 2916: 2914:crimes during his rule 2742: 2724: 2667:Great Ethiopian Famine 2570:Egyptian–Ethiopian War 2498:of Tigray, and by the 2409: 2285: 2265:revolted against King 2180:, primarily exporting 2135: 2081: 1875: 1839:This article contains 1602: 1552:gross domestic product 1453:democratic backsliding 136: 119: 105: 19401:Saint Petersburg 2020 17217:Territorial evolution 17112:Italo-Ethiopian wars 16973:International Futures 16657:A History of Ethiopia 16489:Ethiopia's Revolution 16472:. The Red Sea Press. 15769:Abdullahi MD (2001). 14801:. SIL International. 14655:Yale University Press 14186:airport-authority.com 13905:www.cattlenetwork.com 13882:"Coffee under threat" 13311:USA I (August 2013). 12672:10.1353/nas.1995.0028 12445:"Map of Freedom 2007" 12179:Nature Communications 11071:Stapleton TJ (2017). 10452:Third World Quarterly 10171:See Solomon Getamun, 8710:Etymologicum Genuinum 8060:10.1038/news050214-10 7485:Oromo Liberation Army 7249:Africa Cup of Nations 7218:long distance running 7207:Olympic gold medalist 7201: 7064:and several kinds of 7057: 6852:foreign content into 6825: 6558: 6456: 6389: 6331: 6266: 6239: 6200: 6183:Ministry of Education 6169: 6156:Education in Ethiopia 6108: 6081:migrated to Abyssinia 5966: 5794:Afroasiatic languages 5664:Languages of Ethiopia 5656:Languages of Ethiopia 5628: 5601: 5585: 5081: 4758:. Computer scientist 4576:Transport in Ethiopia 4343: 4322:Energy and hydropower 4312: 4270: 4161: 4138:climate change policy 4060: 4048:African Standby Force 3930: 3880: 3853: 3819:Districts of Ethiopia 3592:Federal Supreme Court 3580:Federal Supreme Court 3577: 3521: 3508:Judiciary of Ethiopia 3452:critically endangered 3411: 3352: 3312: 3260:species, notably the 3201: 3194:Geography of Ethiopia 3113:civil war in Ethiopia 3075: 3052:Further information: 2968:Mengistu Halie Mariam 2904:Mengistu Haile Mariam 2902: 2816:East African campaign 2730: 2714: 2502:Oromo dynasty of the 2459:brought her brother, 2403: 2279: 2219:Aksumite–Persian wars 2129: 2065: 1867: 1818:Further information: 1748:Monumentum Adulitanum 1743:, the queen of Kush. 1597: 1572:ethnic discrimination 1542:countries because of 1516:African Standby Force 1291:and elsewhere in the 868:• Water (%) 598:Deputy Prime Minister 378:Languages of Ethiopia 19776:Landlocked countries 19692:New Development Bank 19330:United Arab Emirates 17910:Simien National Park 17836:World Heritage Sites 17746:World Heritage Sites 17683:Water and sanitation 17108:Menelik's Expansions 16933:BBC Ethiopia Profile 16690:Haile Selassie's War 16641:. Oxford: Clarendon. 16466:Pankhurst R (1997). 15707:Nosnitsin D (2012). 15459:. UNESCO. p. 8. 15431:IIEP-UNESCO (2017). 15403:Development Progress 14713:25 June 2012 at the 14078:on 28 September 2007 13848:22 May 2010, page 49 13182:Rothchild D (1994). 12910:ethiopianhistory.com 12549:on 12 September 2017 12107:Animal Info-Ethiopia 12060:4 March 2011 at the 12042:Ethiopia Environment 10417:Lipschutz M (1986). 10216:ethiopianhistory.com 9943:Mohammed AK (2013). 9853:Pankhurst R (1982). 9215:Güldemann T (2018). 8401:World Economic Forum 7846:. CIA World Factbook 7624:www.africa.upenn.edu 7408:The inscriptions in 7349:[i.tjo.p'ja] 6932:Federico Ciccodicola 6501:Ethiopian philosophy 6481:Tsegaye Gebre-Medhin 6458:Tsegaye Gebre-Medhin 6401:Ethiopian literature 6382:Ethiopian literature 6352:was an archetype of 6344:built under Emperor 6127:old, according to a 6020:Council of Chalcedon 5959:Religion in Ethiopia 5572:Rural and urban life 5042:Afroasiatic-speaking 5003:for women 60 years. 4771:traditional medicine 4708:Paleoanthropologist 4470:Light rail train in 4054:focused on Africa. 4024:Non-Aligned Movement 3717:Hailemariam Desalegn 3678:(head of government) 3394:Wildlife of Ethiopia 3156:. After a number of 3119:Ethnic violence rose 2999:political repression 2875:Ethiopian Revolution 2869:Derg era (1974–1991) 2863:Endelkachew Makonnen 2734:with U.S. President 2322:Battle of Wayna Daga 2269:and established the 2011:rock shelter at the 1910:). Known locally as 1889:Ardipithecus ramidus 1860:Prehistoric Ethiopia 1631:name Αἰθιοπία (from 1492:Non-Aligned Movement 1449:inter-ethnic clashes 1369:Menelik's Expansions 885:• 2024 estimate 832:Current constitution 763:Occupied and annexed 19756:Countries in Africa 19723: / 19482:Russia–South Africa 19452:Brazil–South Africa 19430:Bilateral relations 18133:Soddo Gurage people 16729:Rubenson S (2003). 16613:UN TRAIN EN AFRIQUE 16593:Travels in Ethiopia 16083:"Gumma Film Awards" 15991:Internet Live Stats 15920:on 29 October 2008. 15560:1976RSPSB.194....7L 15529:data.uis.unesco.org 15254:. 9 September 2015. 15181:. Countrystudies.us 14663:10.2307/jj.11589102 14344:10.34667/tind.46596 13936:Mail & Guardian 13861:. BBC. 21 June 2007 13460:. 23 September 2015 13454:"Economic Overview" 12575:. 16 February 2018. 12451:on 9 September 2013 12383:. 21 January 2015. 12191:2020NatCo..11.5978G 11832:2019CogFA...513770G 11633:The Washington Post 11599:. 15 November 2020. 11581:. 14 November 2020. 11563:. 15 November 2020. 11035:on 26 February 2018 11003:The Washington Post 10944:The Washington Post 10925:Library of Congress 10565:. 21 December 1987. 9765:on 4 November 2019. 9567:2019PLoSO..1416716S 9508:2013PLoSO...878092S 9445:2019Sci...365..583O 9240:Campbell L (2021). 9133:2003Sci...300..597D 9030:2017JHumE.108..199H 8943:10.1038/nature01669 8935:2003Natur.423..742W 8892:10.1038/nature03258 8884:2005Natur.433..733M 8098:2008Sci...319.1100L 8011:Kessler DF (2012). 7600:on 15 December 2020 7442:and regional allies 7304:Outline of Ethiopia 7205:, Ethiopia's first 6308:Ethiopian Highlands 6232:Culture of Ethiopia 6032:Coptic Christianity 6016:Abrahamic religions 5980:World Heritage Site 5932:Ethiopic Extended-A 5928:Ethiopic Supplement 5052:form of this term ( 4710:Zeresenay Alemseged 4292:balance of payments 4279:. According to the 4257:Economy of Ethiopia 4172:history of Ethiopia 4050:and many of global 3971:(AGOA). US. Former 3910:Emperor Tewodros II 3811:Regions of Ethiopia 3704:, became the first 3565:House of Federation 3319:Ethiopian Highlands 3301:Climate of Ethiopia 3281:Ethiopian Highlands 3256:. It also has many 3216:15th parallel north 3126:rescheduled to 2021 3097:national referendum 3034:revolutions of 1989 2963:became priorities. 2961:Ethiopian Highlands 2939:. The abolition of 2887:Ethiopian Civil War 2699:Italian East Africa 2566:Menelik's Invasions 2451:in 1706. Following 2174:Indian subcontinent 1958:Homo sapiens idaltu 1871:Homo sapiens idaltu 1814:History of Ethiopia 1566:, poor respect for 1540:sub-Saharan African 1429:Ethiopian Civil War 1397:Italian East Africa 1381:Scramble for Africa 767:Italian East Africa 648:House of Federation 489:Ethiopian Orthodoxy 297: / 56:, and not by their 19477:India–South Africa 19467:China–South Africa 19346:Yekaterinburg 2009 19108:Ethiopian–Adal war 19078:Kingdom of Wolaita 18753:Sultanate of Showa 18608:Sultanate of Harar 18462:Ethiopian diaspora 17543:Telecommunications 17457:Army of the Empire 17138:Italian occupation 17093:Ethiopian–Adal War 17051:Kingdom of Wolaita 16922:The World Factbook 16868:The World Factbook 16688:Mockler A (1984). 16655:Marcus HG (2002). 16637:Marcus HG (1975). 16453:on 23 January 2013 16157:. 1 December 2011. 15638:. 19 February 2021 15481:The World Factbook 15350:. 15 November 2018 14865:on 4 November 2019 14755:on 4 January 2017. 14464:on 6 February 2004 14431:data.worldbank.org 14399:The World Factbook 14130:railwaygazette.com 13655:10.1093/aob/mcy214 13612:www.hydroworld.com 13364:Human Rights Watch 13058:The New York Times 12863:. 14 January 2019. 12654:Ottaway M (1995). 12619:. 16 October 2019. 12517:Al Jazeera English 12131:(1832): 20160792. 11785:. 15 January 2023. 11745:on 9 February 2014 11693:. 13 February 2024 11615:The Globe and Mail 11512:. 9 September 2020 11399:The New York Times 11254:The New York Times 11207:, pp. 121–23. 10964:. 22 December 1999 10867:The New York Times 10800:The New York Times 10767:The New York Times 10734:The New York Times 10730:"REMOVAL IS QUIET" 9777:American Antiquity 9272:The New York Times 8774:CNN.com/technology 8743:Schoff WH (1912). 8559:Bekerie A (2004). 8403:. 6 September 2019 7990:The World Factbook 7949:The World Factbook 7766:. 25 January 2019. 7701:on 8 February 2019 7210: 7114:Ethiopian Orthodox 7072: 6905:Cinema of Ethiopia 6878:Ethiopian Reporter 6832: 6804:(small crescent). 6796:(large crescent), 6704:Ethiopian calendar 6694:Ethiopian calendar 6564: 6462: 6398: 6338: 6272: 6269:Corinthian pillars 6242: 6207: 6175: 6111: 6097:Health in Ethiopia 6047:Oriental Orthodoxy 6036:Oriental Orthodoxy 5988: 5666:as of 2007 Census 5635: 5604: 5588: 5087: 4490:Ethiopian Airlines 4350: 4328:Energy in Ethiopia 4315: 4273: 4186:was defeated. The 4168: 4071: 3941: 3890: 3864: 3827:into four levels: 3779:fundamental rights 3733:state of emergency 3584: 3545:head of government 3530: 3422: 3378:Beautifying Sheger 3363: 3344:Danakil Depression 3315: 3279:in its north. The 3224:48th meridian east 3220:33rd meridian east 3212:3rd parallel north 3204: 3081: 2984:sub-Saharan Africa 2917: 2830:in December 1944. 2743: 2738:during the end of 2725: 2661:culminated in the 2624:Battle of Gallabat 2620:Battle of Chelenqo 2494:Mikael Sehul, Ras 2410: 2318:Ethiopian–Adal War 2286: 2231:Rashidun Caliphate 2227:Sayf ibn Dhī Yazan 2136: 2082: 1953:Middle Paleolithic 1876: 1735:. However, in the 1480:traditional faiths 1464:multi-ethnic state 1411:after a period of 1399:. In 1941, during 1341:Ethiopian–Adal War 1293:Middle Paleolithic 1252:13th-most populous 1192:landlocked country 997:2024 estimate 945:2024 estimate 518:traditional faiths 388:Ethnic groups 357:Regional languages 19766:Federal republics 19706: 19705: 19700: 19699: 19626:2018 Johannesburg 19416:Johannesburg 2023 19391:Johannesburg 2018 19177: 19176: 19144:Solomonic dynasty 19096: 19095: 18537: 18536: 18429: 18428: 18281: 18280: 17934: 17933: 17789: 17788: 17754: 17753: 17653:Human trafficking 17566: 17565: 17472: 17471: 17414:Foreign relations 17404:Political parties 17335: 17334: 17331: 17330: 17188:2018 peace summit 17078:Solomonic dynasty 16824:978-0-8214-1440-8 16762:978-0-948390-40-1 16740:978-0-9723172-7-6 16666:978-0-520-22479-7 16629:978-0-253-20646-6 16618:Keller E (1991). 16609:978-99944-867-1-7 16599:Hugues Fontaine, 16583:978-1-931253-28-4 16572:Henze PB (2004). 16543:"Abyssinia" 16528:978-0-8214-1723-2 16498:978-0-7178-0556-3 16479:978-0-932415-19-6 16443:978-0-7486-0106-6 16386:978-0-8108-5952-4 16379:. The Scarecrow. 16310:. 13 October 2019 15894:978-0-8160-4472-6 15861:allaboutethio.com 15812:978-0-932415-97-4 15782:978-0-313-31333-2 15749:allaboutethio.com 15668:on 2 January 2022 15329:978-0-253-34186-0 15236:. 14 August 2014. 15096:978-1-4191-1857-9 15047:978-0-8146-5616-7 15030:Davis LD (1990). 14897:978-3-86537-839-2 14837:978-99944-55-47-8 14824:Yigezu M (2012). 14560:Belete A (1991). 14518:Countrystudies.us 14353:978-92-805-3432-0 14156:"Project Summary" 14136:on 7 October 2016 14052:on 3 January 2010 13618:on 15 August 2016 13486:. 9 November 2015 13324:978-1-4387-6981-3 12733:. 3 November 2021 12477:. 21 August 2012. 12275:978-93-80228-48-8 11870:. 6 December 2019 11536:www.aljazeera.com 11485:www.aljazeera.com 11374:on 2 October 2018 11319:. 7 August 2001. 11082:978-1-4408-3052-5 10906:978-3-8258-9535-8 10895:Dagne HG (2006). 10802:. 22 March 1975. 10610:Broich T (2017). 10535:Negash, Tekeste. 10428:978-0-520-06611-3 10357:978-1-58826-340-7 10327:978-0-19-027773-4 10290:978-1-317-45158-7 10158:978-0-7922-3695-5 10145:Berndl K (2005). 10131:978-1-316-51519-8 10076:978-3-447-05892-6 9990:978-1-84701-161-9 9979:Hassen M (2017). 9956:978-3-643-90332-7 9917:978-1-136-28090-0 9890:978-0-520-06698-4 9864:978-3-515-03204-9 9817:. 9 January 2022. 9756:BritishMuseum.org 9733:978-0-313-32273-0 9666:978-0-7141-2763-7 9439:(6453): 583–587. 9251:978-0-262-54218-0 9226:978-3-11-042606-9 9201:978-0-7591-0466-2 9188:Blench R (2006). 9127:(5619): 597–603. 8827:978-0-307-39640-2 8724:Cp. Ezekiel 29:10 8696:978-0-8147-6066-6 8209:978-0-7591-0466-2 8198:Blench R (2006). 8172:Los Angeles Times 8092:(5866): 1100–04. 8022:978-1-283-70872-2 7952:(2024 ed.). 7570:on 17 August 2021 7382: 7338: 7194:Sport in Ethiopia 7076:Ethiopian cuisine 7044:Ethiopian cuisine 7024:Gumma Film Awards 6818:Media in Ethiopia 6716:Egyptian calendar 6590:, imitation, and 6568:music of Ethiopia 6545:Music of Ethiopia 6391:Giyorgis of Segla 6069:Islam in Ethiopia 5924:Ethiopic Extended 5898:. Employed as an 5565: 5564: 4998: 4997: 4232:national security 4122:League of Nations 3867:Foreign relations 3795:internal conflict 3746:According to the 3741:Nobel Peace Prize 3729:years of protests 3683: 3682: 3679: 3666: 3561:legislative power 3467:centres of origin 3235:Great Rift Valley 2859:Aklilu Habte-Wold 2785:1890 Constitution 2775:, and became the 2654:Treaty of Wuchale 2596:invaded Abyssinia 2418:Orthodox Tewahedo 2412:In 1632, Emperor 2306:Sultanate of Ifat 2215:Himyarite Kingdom 2076:, 227–35, at the 2067:Aksumite currency 1928:Australopithecine 1847:rendering support 1665:in noun form and 1556:per capita income 1325:Solomonic dynasty 1268:East African Rift 1186:, officially the 1181: 1180: 1058:medium inequality 1022:• Per capita 970:• Per capita 894:109,499,000 ( 798:12 September 1974 255: 175: 96: 16:(Redirected from 19803: 19738: 19737: 19735: 19734: 19733: 19728: 19724: 19721: 19720: 19719: 19716: 19601: 19600: 19599: 19589: 19588: 19587: 19577: 19576: 19575: 19565: 19564: 19563: 19553: 19552: 19551: 19541: 19540: 19539: 19529: 19528: 19527: 19517: 19516: 19515: 19505: 19504: 19503: 19328: 19327: 19326: 19316: 19315: 19314: 19304: 19303: 19302: 19292: 19291: 19290: 19280: 19279: 19268: 19267: 19256: 19255: 19244: 19243: 19232: 19231: 19204: 19197: 19190: 19181: 19180: 19169:Makhzumi dynasty 19159:Goobroon dynasty 19149:Walashma dynasty 19118:Oromo migrations 19083:Kingdom of Damot 19071:Wolaita kingdoms 19052:Kingdom of Damot 18583: 18582: 18564: 18557: 18550: 18541: 18540: 18522:Washington, D.C. 18456: 18449: 18442: 18433: 18432: 18396:African American 17981: 17980: 17961: 17954: 17947: 17938: 17937: 17929: 17928: 17829: 17822: 17815: 17806: 17805: 17793: 17792: 17774: 17767: 17577: 17576: 17503: 17483: 17482: 17452:Military history 17346: 17345: 17236: 17235: 17232: 17231: 17153:1974 coup d'état 17098:Gondarine period 17088:Kingdom of Kaffa 17056:Ethiopian Empire 17046:Kingdom of Aksum 17009: 17002: 16995: 16986: 16985: 16892: 16891: 16876: 16859: 16858: 16852: 16835: 16834: 16828: 16811:Zewde B (2001). 16766: 16744: 16693: 16670: 16642: 16633: 16587: 16553: 16545: 16532: 16502: 16483: 16462: 16460: 16458: 16452: 16446:. Archived from 16435: 16423: 16394:Lyons T (1996). 16390: 16371: 16362: 16343: 16342: 16340: 16338: 16326: 16320: 16319: 16317: 16315: 16300: 16294: 16293: 16291: 16289: 16266: 16260: 16259: 16257: 16255: 16244: 16238: 16237: 16235: 16233: 16222: 16216: 16215: 16205: 16165: 16159: 16158: 16147: 16141: 16140: 16138: 16136: 16122: 16116: 16115: 16113: 16111: 16097: 16091: 16090: 16079: 16073: 16072: 16070: 16068: 16053: 16047: 16046: 16044: 16042: 16027: 16021: 16020: 16018: 16016: 16011:. 22 August 2016 16001: 15995: 15994: 15983: 15977: 15976: 15974: 15972: 15957: 15948: 15947: 15945: 15943: 15928: 15922: 15921: 15916:. Archived from 15905: 15899: 15898: 15881:Page WF (2001). 15878: 15872: 15871: 15869: 15867: 15852: 15846: 15845: 15843: 15841: 15827: 15821: 15820: 15799:Tekle A (1994). 15796: 15790: 15789: 15766: 15760: 15759: 15757: 15755: 15740: 15729: 15728: 15704: 15693: 15692: 15684: 15678: 15677: 15675: 15673: 15664:. Archived from 15654: 15648: 15647: 15645: 15643: 15628: 15622: 15621: 15619: 15617: 15610:Reality Sandwich 15602: 15596: 15595: 15539: 15533: 15532: 15520: 15514: 15513: 15511: 15509: 15494: 15488: 15467: 15461: 15460: 15458: 15447: 15441: 15440: 15428: 15422: 15421: 15419: 15417: 15411: 15400: 15391: 15385: 15384: 15382: 15380: 15366: 15360: 15359: 15357: 15355: 15340: 15334: 15333: 15313: 15307: 15306: 15296: 15286: 15262: 15256: 15255: 15244: 15238: 15237: 15226: 15220: 15219: 15217: 15215: 15205: 15197: 15191: 15190: 15188: 15186: 15175: 15169: 15168: 15166: 15164: 15158:www.wateraid.org 15150: 15144: 15143: 15141: 15139: 15133:UNDP in Ethiopia 15125: 15119: 15116: 15110: 15107: 15101: 15100: 15080: 15074: 15073: 15071: 15069: 15058: 15052: 15051: 15027: 15021: 15019: 15014: 15008: 15007: 15005: 15003: 14998: 14989: 14980: 14979: 14977: 14975: 14964: 14958: 14957: 14921: 14915: 14908: 14902: 14901: 14881: 14875: 14874: 14872: 14870: 14864: 14857: 14848: 14842: 14841: 14821: 14815: 14814: 14812: 14810: 14791: 14782: 14781: 14779: 14777: 14763: 14757: 14756: 14751:. Archived from 14745: 14739: 14738: 14736: 14734: 14724: 14718: 14704: 14685: 14684: 14646: 14640: 14639: 14637: 14635: 14624: 14618: 14612: 14599: 14598: 14592: 14584: 14566: 14557: 14551: 14537: 14520: 14514: 14505: 14498: 14492: 14491: 14480: 14474: 14473: 14471: 14469: 14448: 14442: 14441: 14439: 14437: 14423: 14417: 14416: 14411: 14409: 14391: 14385: 14384: 14378: 14374: 14372: 14364: 14362: 14360: 14329: 14323: 14322: 14320: 14318: 14304: 14298: 14297: 14295: 14293: 14278: 14272: 14271: 14269: 14267: 14253: 14247: 14246: 14244: 14242: 14228: 14222: 14221: 14219: 14217: 14211:Right Livelihood 14203: 14197: 14196: 14194: 14192: 14178: 14172: 14171: 14169: 14167: 14162:on 2 August 2017 14152: 14146: 14145: 14143: 14141: 14122: 14116: 14115: 14113: 14111: 14095: 14089: 14087: 14085: 14083: 14074:. Archived from 14068: 14062: 14061: 14059: 14057: 14042: 14036: 14035: 14033: 14031: 14020: 14014: 14013: 14007: 14005: 13993: 13987: 13970: 13957: 13956: 13950: 13948: 13943:on 18 April 2007 13927: 13921: 13920: 13918: 13916: 13907:. Farm Journal. 13896: 13890: 13889: 13877: 13871: 13870: 13868: 13866: 13855: 13849: 13843: 13837: 13836: 13834: 13832: 13818: 13812: 13811: 13809: 13807: 13790: 13784: 13783: 13781: 13779: 13762: 13756: 13755: 13753: 13751: 13734: 13728: 13727: 13725: 13723: 13712: 13703: 13702: 13700: 13698: 13683: 13677: 13676: 13666: 13643:Annals of Botany 13634: 13628: 13627: 13625: 13623: 13614:. Archived from 13604: 13598: 13597: 13595: 13593: 13576: 13570: 13569: 13567: 13565: 13560:. Terradaily.com 13554: 13548: 13547: 13545: 13543: 13528: 13522: 13521: 13519: 13517: 13502: 13496: 13495: 13493: 13491: 13476: 13470: 13469: 13467: 13465: 13450: 13444: 13443: 13441: 13439: 13429: 13423: 13422: 13420: 13418: 13407: 13401: 13400: 13398: 13396: 13390: 13382: 13376: 13375: 13373: 13371: 13356: 13350: 13349: 13343: 13335: 13329: 13328: 13308: 13302: 13301: 13299: 13291: 13285: 13284: 13271: 13265: 13264: 13253: 13247: 13246: 13232: 13226: 13225: 13224:. 24 April 2023. 13212: 13206: 13205: 13194: 13188: 13187: 13179: 13173: 13172: 13170: 13168: 13154: 13148: 13147: 13136: 13130: 13129: 13127: 13125: 13110: 13104: 13103: 13092: 13086: 13085: 13072: 13066: 13065: 13049: 13043: 13042: 13040: 13038: 13032: 13024: 13018: 13017: 13005: 12999: 12998: 12996: 12994: 12982: 12976: 12975: 12973: 12971: 12957: 12951: 12940: 12934: 12927: 12921: 12920: 12918: 12916: 12902: 12896: 12895: 12871: 12865: 12864: 12853: 12847: 12846: 12826: 12820: 12819: 12817: 12815: 12809:The Conversation 12800: 12794: 12793: 12791: 12789: 12774: 12768: 12767: 12765: 12763: 12749: 12743: 12742: 12740: 12738: 12723: 12717: 12716: 12714: 12712: 12698: 12692: 12691: 12651: 12645: 12639: 12633: 12627: 12621: 12620: 12609: 12603: 12602: 12600: 12598: 12583: 12577: 12576: 12565: 12559: 12558: 12556: 12554: 12545:. Archived from 12534: 12528: 12527: 12525: 12523: 12504: 12498: 12497: 12485: 12479: 12478: 12467: 12461: 12460: 12458: 12456: 12441: 12435: 12434: 12432: 12430: 12415: 12409: 12403: 12397: 12396: 12394: 12392: 12381:freedomhouse.org 12373: 12367: 12366: 12359: 12350: 12349: 12344:. Archived from 12338: 12332: 12331: 12324: 12318: 12317: 12309: 12303: 12302: 12295: 12289: 12286: 12280: 12279: 12262:Iyyer C (2009). 12259: 12253: 12252: 12250: 12248: 12237: 12231: 12230: 12220: 12202: 12169: 12163: 12157: 12151: 12150: 12148: 12116: 12110: 12103: 12094: 12071: 12065: 12051: 12045: 12038: 12032: 12018: 12012: 12009: 12003: 12002: 12000: 11998: 11986: 11980: 11979: 11977: 11975: 11960: 11954: 11953: 11951: 11949: 11934: 11928: 11927: 11925: 11923: 11912: 11906: 11905: 11903: 11901: 11886: 11880: 11879: 11877: 11875: 11860: 11854: 11853: 11843: 11811: 11805: 11804: 11793: 11787: 11786: 11779: 11773: 11772: 11761: 11755: 11754: 11752: 11750: 11741:. Archived from 11735: 11729: 11728: 11726: 11724: 11709: 11703: 11702: 11700: 11698: 11687: 11681: 11680: 11668: 11662: 11661: 11643: 11637: 11636: 11635:. 23 March 2022. 11625: 11619: 11618: 11617:. 15 March 2022. 11607: 11601: 11600: 11589: 11583: 11582: 11571: 11565: 11564: 11553: 11547: 11546: 11544: 11542: 11528: 11522: 11521: 11519: 11517: 11502: 11496: 11495: 11493: 11491: 11477: 11471: 11470: 11469: 11467: 11455: 11449: 11448: 11446: 11444: 11430: 11424: 11423: 11416: 11410: 11409: 11407: 11405: 11390: 11384: 11383: 11381: 11379: 11360: 11354: 11353: 11342: 11333: 11332: 11330: 11328: 11309: 11303: 11302: 11300: 11298: 11279: 11273: 11272: 11270: 11268: 11246: 11240: 11239: 11237: 11235: 11225: 11217: 11208: 11202: 11196: 11195: 11184: 11178: 11177: 11165: 11159: 11158: 11157: 11155: 11133: 11127: 11126: 11120: 11111: 11105: 11104: 11097:"Foreign Policy" 11093: 11087: 11086: 11068: 11062: 11055:Tomasz Kamusella 11051: 11045: 11044: 11042: 11040: 11031:. Archived from 11020: 11014: 11013: 11011: 11009: 10994: 10988: 10980: 10974: 10973: 10971: 10969: 10954: 10948: 10947: 10935: 10929: 10928: 10917: 10911: 10910: 10892: 10886: 10885: 10883: 10881: 10858: 10852: 10851: 10825: 10819: 10818: 10816: 10814: 10792: 10786: 10785: 10783: 10781: 10759: 10753: 10752: 10750: 10748: 10726: 10720: 10714: 10708: 10702: 10696: 10695: 10694:. 7 August 2009. 10684: 10678: 10671: 10665: 10664: 10656: 10650: 10643: 10637: 10630:Tomasz Kamusella 10626: 10620: 10619: 10607: 10601: 10600: 10572: 10566: 10554: 10548: 10533: 10527: 10526: 10498: 10492: 10485: 10476: 10475: 10447: 10441: 10440: 10414: 10408: 10407: 10387: 10381: 10368: 10362: 10361: 10349: 10338: 10332: 10331: 10301: 10295: 10294: 10274: 10268: 10267: 10265: 10263: 10248: 10242: 10241: 10233: 10227: 10226: 10224: 10222: 10208: 10202: 10195: 10189: 10182: 10176: 10169: 10163: 10162: 10142: 10136: 10135: 10115: 10106: 10105: 10103: 10101: 10095:wendybelcher.com 10087: 10081: 10080: 10063:Cohen L (2009). 10060: 10054: 10053: 10046: 10040: 10039: 10037: 10035: 10021: 10015: 10009: 10003: 10002: 9983:. James Currey. 9976: 9970: 9967: 9961: 9960: 9940: 9934: 9928: 9922: 9921: 9901: 9895: 9894: 9875: 9869: 9868: 9850: 9844: 9843: 9841: 9839: 9825: 9819: 9818: 9811: 9805: 9804: 9802: 9800: 9786: 9780: 9773: 9767: 9766: 9764: 9758:. Archived from 9753: 9744: 9738: 9737: 9717: 9711: 9710: 9708: 9706: 9692: 9683: 9677: 9671: 9670: 9652: 9646: 9637: 9631: 9624: 9618: 9612: 9599: 9598: 9588: 9578: 9546: 9540: 9539: 9529: 9519: 9487: 9481: 9480: 9427: 9421: 9420: 9418: 9416: 9402: 9396: 9395: 9393: 9391: 9376: 9370: 9369: 9367: 9365: 9350: 9344: 9343: 9341: 9339: 9324: 9318: 9317: 9315: 9313: 9298: 9292: 9291: 9289: 9287: 9262: 9256: 9255: 9237: 9231: 9230: 9212: 9206: 9205: 9185: 9179: 9178: 9144: 9142:10.1.1.1013.4523 9118: 9109: 9103: 9102: 9066: 9060: 9059: 9041: 9009: 9003: 9002: 9000: 8998: 8969: 8963: 8962: 8929:(6941): 742–47. 8918: 8912: 8911: 8878:(7027): 733–36. 8869: 8860: 8854: 8853: 8851: 8849: 8838: 8832: 8831: 8813: 8807: 8806: 8804: 8802: 8791: 8785: 8784: 8782: 8780: 8765: 8759: 8758: 8756: 8754: 8740: 8734: 8731: 8725: 8722: 8716: 8707: 8701: 8700: 8683:Hatke G (2013). 8680: 8671: 8664: 8658: 8647: 8641: 8640: 8638: 8636: 8622: 8616: 8615: 8613: 8611: 8598: 8589: 8588: 8556: 8550: 8549: 8538: 8532: 8531: 8529: 8527: 8513: 8507: 8506: 8504: 8502: 8488: 8482: 8481: 8470: 8464: 8463: 8461: 8459: 8445: 8439: 8438: 8436: 8434: 8419: 8413: 8412: 8410: 8408: 8393: 8387: 8386: 8384: 8382: 8377:. 1 January 2024 8375:Daily News Egypt 8367: 8361: 8360: 8358: 8356: 8341: 8335: 8334: 8333:. 12 April 2022. 8332: 8324: 8318: 8317: 8299: 8271: 8265: 8264: 8220: 8214: 8213: 8195: 8189: 8188: 8186: 8184: 8175:. Archived from 8162: 8156: 8155: 8153: 8151: 8132: 8126: 8125: 8078: 8072: 8071: 8041: 8035: 8034: 8008: 8002: 8001: 7999: 7997: 7982: 7969: 7964: 7962: 7960: 7940: 7934: 7933: 7931: 7929: 7910: 7904: 7903: 7896:"About Ethiopia" 7891: 7885: 7884: 7882: 7880: 7870: 7862: 7856: 7855: 7853: 7851: 7840: 7834: 7833: 7831: 7829: 7810: 7797: 7796: 7794: 7792: 7782: 7774: 7768: 7767: 7760: 7754: 7753: 7751: 7743: 7737: 7736: 7734: 7732: 7717: 7711: 7710: 7708: 7706: 7683: 7664: 7663: 7661: 7659: 7654:on 25 March 2009 7653: 7642: 7634: 7628: 7627: 7616: 7610: 7609: 7607: 7605: 7589: 7580: 7579: 7577: 7575: 7566:. Archived from 7556: 7550: 7549: 7547: 7545: 7536:. 4 March 2020. 7526: 7504: 7498:(Amhara militia) 7493: 7482: 7460: 7449: 7437: 7425: 7419: 7406: 7400: 7387: 7381:romanized: 7380: 7378: 7351: 7346: 7343: 7333: 7331: 7320: 7293: 7288: 7287: 7286: 7279: 7274: 7273: 7272: 6940: 6917: 6886:Ethiopian Herald 6874:Capital Ethiopia 6792:(quarter moon), 6788:(gibbous moon), 6736: 6635:Alemayehu Eshete 6631:Tilahun Gessesse 6533:existence of God 6395:Late Middle Ages 6275:Arts of Ethiopia 6212: 6085:Ashama ibn-Abjar 5854:Gurage languages 5832:, spoken by the 5824:, spoken by the 5816:, spoken by the 5808:, spoken by the 5771: 5761: 5751: 5741: 5731: 5721: 5711: 5701: 5691: 5681: 5671: 5612:land degradation 5251: 5241: 5198: 5188: 5136: 5128: 5121: 5114: 5102: 5101: 4839: 4807: 4806: 4705: 4681: 4620:Port of Djibouti 4609: 4607: 4606: 4602: 4599: 4591: 4503: 4485: 4467: 4290:and a difficult 4010:is primarily to 3965:War on Terrorism 3841:(districts) and 3787:Prosperity Party 3673: 3660: 3657:Sahle-Work Zewde 3651: 3644: 3637: 3636: 3600:circuit hearings 3442:Ethiopia has 31 3437:greenhouse gases 3428:Bicyclus anynana 3359:Simien mountains 3042: 3030:Marxism–Leninism 3028:The collapse of 2695:Italian Ethiopia 2616:Emirate of Harar 2546: 2530: 2506:, including Ras 2426:Gondarine period 2406:Gondarine period 2392:Gondarine period 2378:. Under Emperor 2282:Ethiopian Empire 2271:Ethiopian Empire 2239:land degradation 2140:Kingdom of Aksum 2121:Sabaean language 2058:Kingdom of Aksum 2009:Middle Stone Age 1835: 1834: 1718: 1715: 1648: 1647: 1642: 1641: 1636: 1635: 1618:Cush, son of Ham 1441:new constitution 1431:. Following the 1409:restored in 1944 1395:, later forming 1335:under their son 1321:Ethiopian Empire 1305:Kingdom of Aksum 1118: 1085: 1084: 1078: 1077: 1071: 1060: 1059: 1053: 1052: 1046: 1030: 1029: 1011: 1010: 994: 978: 977: 959: 958: 942: 912: 911: 893: 892: 811:22 February 1987 742:11 February 1855 709:Ethiopian Empire 696:Kingdom of Aksum 604:Temesgen Tiruneh 574:Sahle-Work Zewde 360: 312: 311: 309: 308: 307: 302: 301:9.017°N 38.750°E 298: 295: 294: 293: 290: 275:and largest city 268: 257: 256: 235: 224: 223: 202: 188: 174: 173: 172: 164: 156: 155: 150: 142: 139: 133: 125: 122: 116: 108: 98: 95: 94: 93: 85: 77: 76: 72: 65: 64: 21: 19811: 19810: 19806: 19805: 19804: 19802: 19801: 19800: 19741: 19740: 19731: 19729: 19725: 19722: 19717: 19714: 19712: 19710: 19709: 19707: 19702: 19701: 19696: 19665: 19630: 19607: 19597: 19595: 19585: 19583: 19573: 19571: 19561: 19559: 19549: 19547: 19537: 19535: 19525: 19523: 19513: 19511: 19501: 19499: 19486: 19425: 19334: 19324: 19322: 19312: 19310: 19300: 19298: 19288: 19286: 19274: 19262: 19250: 19238: 19226: 19213: 19208: 19178: 19173: 19132: 19092: 19066: 19025:Sidama kingdoms 19020: 18976: 18917: 18767: 18628:Aussa Sultanate 18574: 18568: 18538: 18533: 18463: 18460: 18430: 18425: 18384: 18277: 18174: 18087: 17970: 17965: 17935: 17930: 17923: 17919: 17851: 17842: 17833: 17798: 17790: 17785: 17777: 17770: 17763: 17750: 17692: 17678:Public holidays 17663:Law enforcement 17562: 17501: 17468: 17423: 17327: 17282: 17221: 17183:Border conflict 17103:Zemene Mesafint 17041:Kingdom of Dʿmt 17022: 17013: 16958: 16913: 16912: 16911: 16893: 16889: 16884: 16879: 16865: 16856: 16844:Country Studies 16841: 16832: 16825: 16763: 16741: 16667: 16630: 16584: 16576:. Shama Books. 16529: 16510: 16508:Further reading 16505: 16499: 16480: 16456: 16454: 16450: 16444: 16433: 16387: 16352: 16350:General sources 16347: 16346: 16336: 16334: 16327: 16323: 16313: 16311: 16302: 16301: 16297: 16287: 16285: 16267: 16263: 16253: 16251: 16246: 16245: 16241: 16231: 16229: 16228:. Tigrai Online 16224: 16223: 16219: 16166: 16162: 16155:Tadias Magazine 16149: 16148: 16144: 16134: 16132: 16124: 16123: 16119: 16109: 16107: 16099: 16098: 16094: 16081: 16080: 16076: 16066: 16064: 16054: 16050: 16040: 16038: 16029: 16028: 16024: 16014: 16012: 16003: 16002: 15998: 15985: 15984: 15980: 15970: 15968: 15958: 15951: 15941: 15939: 15929: 15925: 15906: 15902: 15895: 15879: 15875: 15865: 15863: 15853: 15849: 15839: 15837: 15829: 15828: 15824: 15813: 15797: 15793: 15783: 15767: 15763: 15753: 15751: 15741: 15732: 15705: 15696: 15687:Alòs-Moner AM. 15685: 15681: 15671: 15669: 15656: 15655: 15651: 15641: 15639: 15630: 15629: 15625: 15615: 15613: 15612:. 27 April 2015 15604: 15603: 15599: 15540: 15536: 15521: 15517: 15507: 15505: 15495: 15491: 15477:Wayback Machine 15468: 15464: 15456: 15450:UNESCO (2015). 15448: 15444: 15429: 15425: 15415: 15413: 15409: 15398: 15392: 15388: 15378: 15376: 15368: 15367: 15363: 15353: 15351: 15342: 15341: 15337: 15330: 15314: 15310: 15263: 15259: 15246: 15245: 15241: 15228: 15227: 15223: 15213: 15211: 15203: 15199: 15198: 15194: 15184: 15182: 15177: 15176: 15172: 15162: 15160: 15152: 15151: 15147: 15137: 15135: 15127: 15126: 15122: 15117: 15113: 15108: 15104: 15097: 15081: 15077: 15067: 15065: 15060: 15059: 15055: 15048: 15028: 15024: 15017: 15015: 15011: 15001: 14999: 14996: 14990: 14983: 14973: 14971: 14966: 14965: 14961: 14922: 14918: 14909: 14905: 14898: 14882: 14878: 14868: 14866: 14862: 14855: 14849: 14845: 14838: 14822: 14818: 14808: 14806: 14793: 14792: 14785: 14775: 14773: 14765: 14764: 14760: 14747: 14746: 14742: 14732: 14730: 14726: 14725: 14721: 14715:Wayback Machine 14706:Crawley, Mike. 14705: 14688: 14673: 14657:. p. 135. 14647: 14643: 14633: 14631: 14626: 14625: 14621: 14613: 14602: 14586: 14585: 14564: 14558: 14554: 14548:Wayback Machine 14538: 14523: 14515: 14508: 14499: 14495: 14482: 14481: 14477: 14467: 14465: 14450: 14449: 14445: 14435: 14433: 14425: 14424: 14420: 14407: 14405: 14393: 14392: 14388: 14376: 14375: 14366: 14365: 14358: 14356: 14354: 14330: 14326: 14316: 14314: 14306: 14305: 14301: 14291: 14289: 14280: 14279: 14275: 14265: 14263: 14255: 14254: 14250: 14240: 14238: 14230: 14229: 14225: 14215: 14213: 14205: 14204: 14200: 14190: 14188: 14180: 14179: 14175: 14165: 14163: 14154: 14153: 14149: 14139: 14137: 14124: 14123: 14119: 14109: 14107: 14106:on 12 June 2006 14096: 14092: 14081: 14079: 14070: 14069: 14065: 14055: 14053: 14044: 14043: 14039: 14029: 14027: 14022: 14021: 14017: 14003: 14001: 13994: 13990: 13981:Wayback Machine 13971: 13960: 13946: 13944: 13929: 13928: 13924: 13914: 13912: 13897: 13893: 13878: 13874: 13864: 13862: 13857: 13856: 13852: 13844: 13840: 13830: 13828: 13826:The Spruce Eats 13820: 13819: 13815: 13805: 13803: 13792: 13791: 13787: 13777: 13775: 13763: 13759: 13749: 13747: 13735: 13731: 13721: 13719: 13714: 13713: 13706: 13696: 13694: 13685: 13684: 13680: 13635: 13631: 13621: 13619: 13606: 13605: 13601: 13591: 13589: 13577: 13573: 13563: 13561: 13556: 13555: 13551: 13541: 13539: 13538:on 6 April 2014 13530: 13529: 13525: 13515: 13513: 13503: 13499: 13489: 13487: 13478: 13477: 13473: 13463: 13461: 13452: 13451: 13447: 13437: 13435: 13431: 13430: 13426: 13416: 13414: 13409: 13408: 13404: 13394: 13392: 13388: 13384: 13383: 13379: 13369: 13367: 13366:. 24 March 2010 13358: 13357: 13353: 13348:. 29 June 2022. 13341: 13337: 13336: 13332: 13325: 13309: 13305: 13297: 13293: 13292: 13288: 13273: 13272: 13268: 13263:. 2 April 2016. 13255: 13254: 13250: 13233: 13229: 13214: 13213: 13209: 13196: 13195: 13191: 13180: 13176: 13166: 13164: 13162:ethiopia.un.org 13156: 13155: 13151: 13138: 13137: 13133: 13123: 13121: 13120:. 15 March 2013 13112: 13111: 13107: 13102:. 15 July 2020. 13094: 13093: 13089: 13084:. 27 June 2020. 13074: 13073: 13069: 13050: 13046: 13036: 13034: 13033:. African Union 13030: 13026: 13025: 13021: 13006: 13002: 12992: 12990: 12983: 12979: 12969: 12967: 12959: 12958: 12954: 12941: 12937: 12928: 12924: 12914: 12912: 12904: 12903: 12899: 12872: 12868: 12855: 12854: 12850: 12827: 12823: 12813: 12811: 12801: 12797: 12787: 12785: 12775: 12771: 12761: 12759: 12751: 12750: 12746: 12736: 12734: 12725: 12724: 12720: 12710: 12708: 12700: 12699: 12695: 12652: 12648: 12640: 12636: 12628: 12624: 12611: 12610: 12606: 12596: 12594: 12584: 12580: 12567: 12566: 12562: 12552: 12550: 12535: 12531: 12521: 12519: 12505: 12501: 12486: 12482: 12469: 12468: 12464: 12454: 12452: 12443: 12442: 12438: 12428: 12426: 12417: 12416: 12412: 12404: 12400: 12390: 12388: 12375: 12374: 12370: 12361: 12360: 12353: 12340: 12339: 12335: 12326: 12325: 12321: 12311: 12310: 12306: 12297: 12296: 12292: 12287: 12283: 12276: 12260: 12256: 12246: 12244: 12239: 12238: 12234: 12170: 12166: 12158: 12154: 12125:Proc. R. Soc. B 12117: 12113: 12104: 12097: 12092: 12084: 12080: 12072: 12068: 12062:Wayback Machine 12052: 12048: 12039: 12035: 12029:Wayback Machine 12019: 12015: 12010: 12006: 11996: 11994: 11987: 11983: 11973: 11971: 11961: 11957: 11947: 11945: 11935: 11931: 11921: 11919: 11914: 11913: 11909: 11899: 11897: 11887: 11883: 11873: 11871: 11862: 11861: 11857: 11812: 11808: 11795: 11794: 11790: 11781: 11780: 11776: 11763: 11762: 11758: 11748: 11746: 11737: 11736: 11732: 11722: 11720: 11710: 11706: 11696: 11694: 11689: 11688: 11684: 11669: 11665: 11644: 11640: 11627: 11626: 11622: 11609: 11608: 11604: 11591: 11590: 11586: 11573: 11572: 11568: 11555: 11554: 11550: 11540: 11538: 11530: 11529: 11525: 11515: 11513: 11504: 11503: 11499: 11489: 11487: 11479: 11478: 11474: 11465: 11463: 11457: 11456: 11452: 11442: 11440: 11432: 11431: 11427: 11418: 11417: 11413: 11403: 11401: 11391: 11387: 11377: 11375: 11362: 11361: 11357: 11344: 11343: 11336: 11326: 11324: 11311: 11310: 11306: 11296: 11294: 11289:. 18 May 2000. 11281: 11280: 11276: 11266: 11264: 11248: 11247: 11243: 11233: 11231: 11223: 11219: 11218: 11211: 11203: 11199: 11186: 11185: 11181: 11166: 11162: 11153: 11151: 11144: 11141:Wayback Machine 11134: 11130: 11118: 11112: 11108: 11095: 11094: 11090: 11083: 11069: 11065: 11053:Asnake Kefale, 11052: 11048: 11038: 11036: 11021: 11017: 11007: 11005: 10995: 10991: 10981: 10977: 10967: 10965: 10956: 10955: 10951: 10936: 10932: 10919: 10918: 10914: 10907: 10893: 10889: 10879: 10877: 10859: 10855: 10840: 10826: 10822: 10812: 10810: 10794: 10793: 10789: 10779: 10777: 10761: 10760: 10756: 10746: 10744: 10728: 10727: 10723: 10715: 10711: 10703: 10699: 10686: 10685: 10681: 10672: 10668: 10657: 10653: 10644: 10640: 10628:Asnake Kefale, 10627: 10623: 10608: 10604: 10573: 10569: 10555: 10551: 10534: 10530: 10499: 10495: 10486: 10479: 10448: 10444: 10429: 10415: 10411: 10388: 10384: 10378:Wayback Machine 10369: 10365: 10358: 10347: 10339: 10335: 10328: 10302: 10298: 10291: 10275: 10271: 10261: 10259: 10258:on 7 March 2009 10250: 10249: 10245: 10234: 10230: 10220: 10218: 10212:"Gondar Period" 10210: 10209: 10205: 10196: 10192: 10183: 10179: 10170: 10166: 10159: 10143: 10139: 10132: 10116: 10109: 10099: 10097: 10089: 10088: 10084: 10077: 10061: 10057: 10048: 10047: 10043: 10033: 10031: 10023: 10022: 10018: 10010: 10006: 9991: 9977: 9973: 9968: 9964: 9957: 9941: 9937: 9929: 9925: 9918: 9902: 9898: 9891: 9877: 9876: 9872: 9865: 9851: 9847: 9837: 9835: 9827: 9826: 9822: 9813: 9812: 9808: 9798: 9796: 9788: 9787: 9783: 9774: 9770: 9762: 9751: 9745: 9741: 9734: 9718: 9714: 9704: 9702: 9694: 9693: 9686: 9678: 9674: 9667: 9653: 9649: 9638: 9634: 9625: 9621: 9613: 9602: 9561:(5): e0216716. 9547: 9543: 9488: 9484: 9428: 9424: 9414: 9412: 9404: 9403: 9399: 9389: 9387: 9377: 9373: 9363: 9361: 9359:livescience.com 9351: 9347: 9337: 9335: 9325: 9321: 9311: 9309: 9299: 9295: 9285: 9283: 9263: 9259: 9252: 9238: 9234: 9227: 9213: 9209: 9202: 9186: 9182: 9116: 9110: 9106: 9083:10.2307/1357309 9067: 9063: 9010: 9006: 8996: 8994: 8970: 8966: 8919: 8915: 8867: 8861: 8857: 8847: 8845: 8840: 8839: 8835: 8828: 8814: 8810: 8800: 8798: 8793: 8792: 8788: 8778: 8776: 8766: 8762: 8752: 8750: 8741: 8737: 8732: 8728: 8723: 8719: 8708: 8704: 8697: 8681: 8674: 8665: 8661: 8655:Perseus Project 8648: 8644: 8634: 8632: 8623: 8619: 8609: 8607: 8600: 8599: 8592: 8557: 8553: 8540: 8539: 8535: 8525: 8523: 8515: 8514: 8510: 8500: 8498: 8490: 8489: 8485: 8480:. 16 June 2022. 8472: 8471: 8467: 8457: 8455: 8447: 8446: 8442: 8432: 8430: 8420: 8416: 8406: 8404: 8395: 8394: 8390: 8380: 8378: 8369: 8368: 8364: 8354: 8352: 8342: 8338: 8330: 8326: 8325: 8321: 8272: 8268: 8237:10.2307/3160789 8221: 8217: 8210: 8196: 8192: 8182: 8180: 8163: 8159: 8149: 8147: 8146:on 29 June 2011 8134: 8133: 8129: 8079: 8075: 8042: 8038: 8023: 8009: 8005: 7995: 7993: 7984: 7983: 7972: 7958: 7956: 7942: 7941: 7937: 7927: 7925: 7912: 7911: 7907: 7892: 7888: 7878: 7876: 7875:. 13 March 2024 7868: 7864: 7863: 7859: 7849: 7847: 7842: 7841: 7837: 7827: 7825: 7824:. 16 April 2024 7812: 7811: 7800: 7790: 7788: 7780: 7776: 7775: 7771: 7762: 7761: 7757: 7749: 7745: 7744: 7740: 7730: 7728: 7719: 7718: 7714: 7704: 7702: 7687:"Country Level" 7685: 7684: 7667: 7657: 7655: 7651: 7640: 7636: 7635: 7631: 7618: 7617: 7613: 7603: 7601: 7590: 7583: 7573: 7571: 7558: 7557: 7553: 7543: 7541: 7534:Ventures Africa 7528: 7527: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7507: 7499: 7491: 7487: 7480: 7469: 7458: 7454: 7447: 7443: 7435: 7426: 7422: 7407: 7403: 7399: 7344: 7321: 7317: 7312: 7289: 7284: 7282: 7277:Ethiopia portal 7275: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7214:track and field 7196: 7190: 7074:The best-known 7052: 7046: 7040: 6959:Teshome Gabriel 6934: 6928: 6927: 6926: 6925: 6924: 6918: 6907: 6901: 6880:, Addis Zemen ( 6820: 6812:Main articles: 6810: 6734: 6727:Julian calendar 6712:Coptic calendar 6700: 6692:Main articles: 6690: 6643:Muluken Melesse 6639:Bizunesh Bekele 6553: 6547: 6541: 6503: 6497: 6451: 6384: 6378: 6326: 6320: 6261: 6255: 6234: 6228: 6209: 6164: 6158: 6152: 6103: 6095:Main articles: 6093: 6061:has existed in 6011:Muslims there. 5961: 5955: 5939:writing systems 5892: 5780: 5779: 5778: 5777: 5774:Other languages 5769: 5767: 5759: 5757: 5749: 5747: 5739: 5737: 5729: 5727: 5719: 5717: 5709: 5707: 5699: 5697: 5689: 5687: 5679: 5677: 5669: 5658: 5652: 5620:poor sanitation 5580: 5574: 5566: 5252: 5246: 5242: 5199: 5193: 5189: 5141: 5140: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5107: 5076: 5068:Main articles: 5066: 5000: 4999: 4986: 4971: 4956: 4941: 4926: 4911: 4896: 4881: 4866: 4851: 4837: 4834: 4803: 4793: 4787: 4762:, named one of 4744:Mulugeta Bekele 4727: 4726: 4725: 4724: 4723: 4706: 4698: 4697: 4694:schistosomiasis 4684:Pathobiologist 4682: 4671: 4665: 4659: 4604: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4594:4 ft 4593: 4589: 4578: 4572: 4514: 4513: 4512: 4511: 4510: 4504: 4495: 4494: 4493: 4486: 4477: 4476: 4475: 4468: 4457: 4451: 4392: 4386: 4334: 4324: 4296:monetary policy 4265: 4259: 4253: 4216: 4214:Law enforcement 4156: 4148:Main articles: 4146: 4061:Prime Minister 4030:. In 1963, the 3875: 3869: 3821: 3805:Main articles: 3803: 3764:one-party state 3748:Democracy Index 3691:market-oriented 3677: 3672: 3664: 3659: 3635: 3557:Executive power 3516: 3510: 3504:Law of Ethiopia 3498:Main articles: 3496: 3491: 3406: 3396: 3390: 3355:Blue Nile falls 3307: 3299:Main articles: 3297: 3218:and longitudes 3196: 3190: 3178:Merawi massacre 3164:. Coupled with 3105:border conflict 3091:In April 1993, 3070: 3064: 3050: 3044: 2951:, and sweeping 2949:nationalization 2912:for committing 2897: 2871: 2855:1973 oil crisis 2770:Empress Regnant 2709: 2689:Main articles: 2687: 2580: 2560:Main articles: 2558: 2557: 2556: 2555: 2554: 2547: 2539: 2538: 2531: 2520: 2488:Zemene Mesafint 2473:Tigray Province 2442:Blue Nile River 2398: 2396:Zemene Mesafint 2390:Main articles: 2388: 2374:Spanish Jesuit 2204:Kingdom of Kush 2196: 2190: 2160:Around 316 AD, 2060: 2052:Main articles: 2050: 1924:Donald Johanson 1862: 1856: 1855: 1854: 1845:Without proper 1836: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1816: 1810: 1752:Aksumite Empire 1716: 1586: 1580: 1484:sovereign state 1358:Zemene Mesafint 1346:Zemene Mesafint 1279:tectonic plates 1194:located in the 1113: 1082: 1081: 1080: 1069: 1057: 1056: 1055: 1044: 1023: 1004: 992: 971: 952: 936: 920: 905: 886: 869: 855: 834: 821: 808: 795: 785:31 January 1942 782: 769: 752: 739: 726: 723:Zemene Mesafint 711: 698: 685: 659: 644: 619:Tewodros Mihret 615: 600: 585: 570: 532: 507: 472: 464: 392: 382: 361: 354: 348: 305: 303: 299: 296: 291: 288: 286: 284: 283: 282: 276: 259: 258: 241: 237: 227: 225: 219: 210: 209: 208: 203: 195: 194: 189: 176: 167: 166: 165: 158: 151: 144: 140: 134: 127: 123: 117: 110: 103: 97: 88: 87: 86: 79: 70: 61: 44: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 19809: 19799: 19798: 19793: 19788: 19783: 19778: 19773: 19768: 19763: 19758: 19753: 19704: 19703: 19698: 19697: 19695: 19694: 19689: 19684: 19679: 19673: 19671: 19667: 19666: 19664: 19663: 19662: 19661: 19656: 19651: 19640: 19638: 19632: 19631: 19629: 19628: 19623: 19617: 19615: 19609: 19608: 19606: 19605: 19593: 19581: 19569: 19557: 19545: 19533: 19521: 19509: 19496: 19494: 19488: 19487: 19485: 19484: 19479: 19474: 19469: 19464: 19459: 19454: 19449: 19444: 19439: 19433: 19431: 19427: 19426: 19424: 19423: 19418: 19413: 19408: 19406:New Delhi 2021 19403: 19398: 19393: 19388: 19383: 19378: 19373: 19371:Fortaleza 2014 19368: 19363: 19361:New Delhi 2012 19358: 19353: 19348: 19342: 19340: 19336: 19335: 19333: 19332: 19320: 19308: 19296: 19284: 19272: 19260: 19248: 19236: 19223: 19221: 19215: 19214: 19207: 19206: 19199: 19192: 19184: 19175: 19174: 19172: 19171: 19166: 19161: 19156: 19154:Gareen dynasty 19151: 19146: 19140: 19138: 19134: 19133: 19131: 19130: 19125: 19120: 19115: 19110: 19104: 19102: 19098: 19097: 19094: 19093: 19091: 19090: 19085: 19080: 19074: 19072: 19068: 19067: 19065: 19064: 19059: 19054: 19049: 19044: 19039: 19034: 19028: 19026: 19022: 19021: 19019: 19018: 19013: 19008: 19003: 18998: 18993: 18987: 18985: 18978: 18977: 18975: 18974: 18969: 18964: 18959: 18954: 18949: 18944: 18939: 18934: 18928: 18926: 18919: 18918: 18916: 18915: 18910: 18905: 18891: 18886: 18881: 18876: 18871: 18866: 18861: 18856: 18851: 18846: 18841: 18836: 18831: 18826: 18821: 18816: 18811: 18806: 18801: 18796: 18791: 18786: 18781: 18775: 18773: 18769: 18768: 18766: 18765: 18760: 18755: 18750: 18745: 18740: 18735: 18730: 18725: 18720: 18715: 18710: 18705: 18700: 18695: 18690: 18685: 18680: 18675: 18670: 18665: 18660: 18655: 18650: 18645: 18640: 18635: 18630: 18625: 18620: 18615: 18610: 18605: 18600: 18595: 18589: 18587: 18580: 18576: 18575: 18572:Horn of Africa 18567: 18566: 18559: 18552: 18544: 18535: 18534: 18532: 18531: 18530: 18529: 18524: 18519: 18509: 18507:United Kingdom 18504: 18499: 18494: 18489: 18484: 18479: 18474: 18468: 18465: 18464: 18459: 18458: 18451: 18444: 18436: 18427: 18426: 18424: 18423: 18418: 18413: 18408: 18403: 18398: 18392: 18390: 18389:Non-Indigenous 18386: 18385: 18383: 18382: 18377: 18372: 18367: 18362: 18357: 18352: 18347: 18342: 18337: 18332: 18327: 18322: 18317: 18312: 18307: 18302: 18297: 18291: 18289: 18283: 18282: 18279: 18278: 18276: 18275: 18270: 18265: 18260: 18255: 18250: 18245: 18240: 18235: 18230: 18225: 18220: 18215: 18210: 18205: 18200: 18195: 18190: 18184: 18182: 18176: 18175: 18173: 18172: 18167: 18162: 18157: 18152: 18147: 18142: 18141: 18140: 18135: 18125: 18124: 18123: 18118: 18108: 18103: 18097: 18095: 18089: 18088: 18086: 18085: 18080: 18075: 18070: 18065: 18060: 18055: 18050: 18045: 18040: 18035: 18030: 18025: 18020: 18015: 18010: 18005: 18000: 17995: 17989: 17987: 17978: 17972: 17971: 17964: 17963: 17956: 17949: 17941: 17932: 17931: 17922: 17920: 17918: 17917: 17912: 17907: 17902: 17897: 17892: 17887: 17882: 17877: 17872: 17867: 17862: 17856: 17853: 17852: 17847: 17844: 17843: 17832: 17831: 17824: 17817: 17809: 17803: 17800: 17799: 17787: 17786: 17784: 17783: 17776: 17775: 17768: 17760: 17759: 17756: 17755: 17752: 17751: 17749: 17748: 17743: 17738: 17733: 17728: 17723: 17718: 17708: 17702: 17700: 17694: 17693: 17691: 17690: 17685: 17680: 17675: 17670: 17665: 17660: 17655: 17650: 17649: 17648: 17638: 17637: 17636: 17631: 17626: 17616: 17611: 17606: 17601: 17596: 17591: 17589:Child marriage 17586: 17580: 17574: 17568: 17567: 17564: 17563: 17561: 17560: 17555: 17550: 17545: 17540: 17535: 17530: 17525: 17520: 17515: 17510: 17505: 17497: 17492: 17486: 17480: 17474: 17473: 17470: 17469: 17467: 17466: 17465: 17464: 17459: 17449: 17444: 17439: 17433: 17431: 17425: 17424: 17422: 17421: 17416: 17411: 17406: 17401: 17396: 17391: 17390: 17389: 17382:Prime Minister 17379: 17378: 17377: 17367: 17362: 17361: 17360: 17349: 17343: 17337: 17336: 17333: 17332: 17329: 17328: 17326: 17325: 17320: 17315: 17310: 17305: 17304: 17303: 17292: 17290: 17288:Administrative 17284: 17283: 17281: 17280: 17275: 17270: 17265: 17260: 17255: 17250: 17244: 17242: 17229: 17223: 17222: 17220: 17219: 17214: 17212:Historiography 17209: 17208: 17207: 17200:Civil conflict 17197: 17192: 17191: 17190: 17185: 17175: 17170: 17165: 17160: 17155: 17150: 17145: 17140: 17135: 17130: 17129: 17128: 17123: 17118: 17110: 17105: 17100: 17095: 17090: 17085: 17080: 17075: 17074: 17073: 17068: 17058: 17053: 17048: 17043: 17038: 17032: 17030: 17024: 17023: 17012: 17011: 17004: 16997: 16989: 16983: 16982: 16976: 16966: 16940: 16935: 16930: 16894: 16887: 16886: 16885: 16883: 16882:External links 16880: 16878: 16877: 16853: 16829: 16823: 16808: 16799: 16790: 16783: 16776: 16767: 16761: 16745: 16739: 16726: 16706:Murphy, Dervla 16703: 16685: 16671: 16665: 16652: 16634: 16628: 16615: 16597: 16588: 16582: 16569: 16554: 16533: 16527: 16511: 16509: 16506: 16504: 16503: 16497: 16484: 16478: 16463: 16442: 16424: 16391: 16385: 16372: 16363: 16353: 16351: 16348: 16345: 16344: 16321: 16295: 16261: 16239: 16217: 16160: 16142: 16117: 16092: 16089:. 5 July 2022. 16087:Addis Standard 16074: 16048: 16037:. 11 July 2016 16022: 15996: 15993:. 1 July 2016. 15978: 15949: 15923: 15900: 15893: 15873: 15847: 15822: 15811: 15791: 15781: 15761: 15730: 15694: 15679: 15649: 15623: 15597: 15554:(1114): 7–16. 15534: 15515: 15489: 15462: 15442: 15423: 15412:on 18 May 2015 15386: 15361: 15335: 15328: 15308: 15257: 15239: 15221: 15192: 15170: 15145: 15120: 15111: 15109:(Kater, 2000). 15102: 15095: 15075: 15053: 15046: 15022: 15009: 14981: 14959: 14916: 14903: 14896: 14876: 14843: 14836: 14816: 14783: 14758: 14740: 14719: 14686: 14671: 14641: 14619: 14600: 14552: 14541:Macalester.edu 14521: 14506: 14493: 14490:on 2 May 2012. 14475: 14443: 14418: 14386: 14377:|website= 14352: 14324: 14299: 14273: 14248: 14223: 14207:"Aklilu Lemma" 14198: 14173: 14147: 14117: 14090: 14063: 14037: 14015: 13988: 13958: 13922: 13891: 13872: 13850: 13838: 13813: 13802:. 28 July 2023 13785: 13757: 13729: 13704: 13678: 13649:(5): 747–766. 13629: 13599: 13571: 13549: 13523: 13497: 13471: 13445: 13424: 13402: 13377: 13351: 13330: 13323: 13303: 13286: 13283:. 31 May 2024. 13266: 13248: 13227: 13221:Addis Standard 13207: 13189: 13174: 13149: 13146:. 8 July 2020. 13131: 13105: 13087: 13067: 13044: 13019: 13000: 12977: 12952: 12935: 12922: 12906:"Land of Punt" 12897: 12886:(1–2): 62–75. 12866: 12848: 12821: 12795: 12769: 12744: 12718: 12693: 12646: 12634: 12622: 12604: 12578: 12560: 12529: 12499: 12480: 12462: 12436: 12425:. 25 June 2001 12410: 12408:, p. 142. 12398: 12368: 12351: 12348:on 9 May 2008. 12333: 12319: 12304: 12290: 12281: 12274: 12254: 12232: 12164: 12152: 12111: 12095: 12090: 12082: 12078: 12066: 12046: 12033: 12013: 12004: 11981: 11969:Addis Standard 11955: 11929: 11907: 11881: 11855: 11826:(1): 1613770. 11806: 11788: 11774: 11756: 11730: 11704: 11682: 11663: 11638: 11620: 11602: 11584: 11566: 11548: 11523: 11497: 11472: 11450: 11425: 11411: 11385: 11368:The Daily Star 11355: 11352:. 9 July 2018. 11334: 11304: 11274: 11241: 11209: 11197: 11194:. August 2018. 11179: 11174:Anadolu Agency 11160: 11150:, 13 June 2020 11128: 11106: 11088: 11081: 11063: 11046: 11015: 10989: 10975: 10949: 10930: 10912: 10905: 10887: 10853: 10838: 10820: 10787: 10754: 10721: 10709: 10697: 10679: 10666: 10651: 10638: 10621: 10602: 10567: 10549: 10528: 10515:10.2307/216612 10493: 10477: 10458:(2): 191–204. 10442: 10427: 10409: 10382: 10363: 10356: 10333: 10326: 10296: 10289: 10269: 10243: 10228: 10203: 10190: 10186:City of Gondar 10177: 10164: 10157: 10137: 10130: 10107: 10082: 10075: 10055: 10041: 10029:memory.loc.gov 10016: 10014:, p. 301. 10012:Pankhurst 1997 10004: 9989: 9971: 9962: 9955: 9935: 9933:, p. 160. 9923: 9916: 9896: 9889: 9870: 9863: 9845: 9820: 9806: 9781: 9768: 9739: 9732: 9712: 9684: 9672: 9665: 9647: 9632: 9619: 9600: 9541: 9502:(11): e78092. 9482: 9422: 9397: 9371: 9345: 9319: 9293: 9257: 9250: 9232: 9225: 9207: 9200: 9180: 9104: 9077:(280): 31–65. 9061: 9004: 8964: 8913: 8855: 8844:. 15 June 2016 8833: 8826: 8808: 8786: 8760: 8735: 8726: 8717: 8702: 8695: 8672: 8659: 8642: 8617: 8590: 8571:(2): 110–121. 8551: 8533: 8508: 8483: 8465: 8440: 8414: 8388: 8362: 8336: 8319: 8282:(2): 109–124. 8266: 8231:(3): 271–284. 8225:Church History 8215: 8208: 8190: 8179:on 3 June 2013 8157: 8140:Bloomberg News 8127: 8073: 8036: 8021: 8003: 7970: 7935: 7918:www.csa.gov.et 7905: 7886: 7857: 7835: 7798: 7769: 7755: 7738: 7712: 7665: 7629: 7611: 7581: 7551: 7520: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7506: 7505: 7503: 7502: 7501: 7500: 7490: 7488: 7479: 7472: 7471: 7470: 7457: 7455: 7446: 7444: 7434: 7420: 7401: 7398: 7397: 7388: 7370: 7361: 7352: 7322: 7314: 7313: 7311: 7308: 7307: 7306: 7301: 7295: 7294: 7280: 7264: 7261: 7216:(particularly 7192:Main article: 7189: 7186: 7042:Main article: 7039: 7036: 7013:Amleset Muchie 6986:Prince of Love 6919: 6912: 6911: 6910: 6909: 6908: 6903:Main article: 6900: 6897: 6809: 6806: 6768:(Aldebarran), 6754:Oromo calendar 6698:Oromo calendar 6689: 6686: 6543:Main article: 6540: 6537: 6499:Main article: 6496: 6493: 6489:Mengistu Lemma 6485:Kebede Michael 6450: 6447: 6380:Main article: 6377: 6374: 6350:Ashlar masonry 6334:Axumite stelae 6322:Main article: 6319: 6316: 6304:Adal Sultanate 6257:Main article: 6254: 6251: 6247:egalitarianism 6230:Main article: 6227: 6224: 6154:Main article: 6151: 6148: 6092: 6089: 6063:full communion 5957:Main article: 5954: 5951: 5945:'s script for 5908:Ge'ez language 5891: 5888: 5850:Agaw languages 5806:Oromo language 5768: 5758: 5748: 5738: 5728: 5718: 5708: 5698: 5688: 5678: 5668: 5661: 5660: 5659: 5654:Main article: 5651: 5648: 5576:Main article: 5573: 5570: 5563: 5562: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5546: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5529: 5528: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5512: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5495: 5494: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5478: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5461: 5460: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5444: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5427: 5426: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5410: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5393: 5392: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5376: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5359: 5358: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5342: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5325: 5324: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5308: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5291: 5290: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5274: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5257: 5256: 5235: 5232: 5227: 5222: 5219: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5203: 5181: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5162: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5146: 5143: 5142: 5138: 5133: 5131: 5130: 5123: 5116: 5108: 5105: 5100: 5065: 5062: 5046:Habesha people 4996: 4995: 4991: 4990: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4976: 4975: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4961: 4960: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4946: 4945: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4931: 4930: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4916: 4915: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4901: 4900: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4886: 4885: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4871: 4870: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4856: 4855: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4841: 4840: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4824: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4814: 4813: 4805: 4804: 4789:Main article: 4786: 4783: 4707: 4700: 4699: 4692:treatment for 4683: 4676: 4675: 4674: 4673: 4672: 4661:Main article: 4658: 4655: 4612:standard gauge 4574:Main article: 4571: 4568: 4505: 4498: 4497: 4496: 4487: 4480: 4479: 4478: 4469: 4462: 4461: 4460: 4459: 4458: 4453:Main article: 4450: 4447: 4388:Main article: 4385: 4382: 4323: 4320: 4261:Main article: 4255:Main article: 4252: 4249: 4215: 4212: 4176:Ottoman Empire 4145: 4142: 4126:United Nations 4067:Vladimir Putin 3992:United Kingdom 3973:U.S. President 3894:trading nation 3883:Prime Minister 3871:Main article: 3868: 3865: 3802: 3799: 3721:2015 elections 3710:Negasso Gidada 3706:Prime Minister 3681: 3680: 3675:Prime Minister 3667: 3653: 3652: 3645: 3634: 3631: 3586:The Ethiopian 3541:Prime Minister 3539:, wherein the 3532:Ethiopia is a 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3392:Main article: 3389: 3386: 3371:Climate change 3296: 3293: 3285:Sof Omar Caves 3270:Ethiopian wolf 3231:Horn of Africa 3192:Main article: 3189: 3186: 3166:OLA insurgency 3046:Main article: 3043: 3038: 3011:1983–85 famine 2955:including the 2870: 2867: 2835:United Nations 2806:British Empire 2747:Haile Selassie 2686: 2683: 2679:pan-Africanist 2663:Battle of Adwa 2614:, invaded the 2548: 2541: 2540: 2532: 2525: 2524: 2523: 2522: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2508:Gugsa of Yejju 2496:Wolde Selassie 2471:, a regent in 2387: 2384: 2314:Adal Sultanate 2294:Horn of Africa 2243:climate change 2192:Main article: 2189: 2186: 2155:Queen of Sheba 2132:Empire of Axum 2078:British Museum 2049: 2046: 2017:Bale Mountains 1858:Main article: 1849:, you may see 1837: 1830: 1829: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1812:Main article: 1809: 1806: 1579: 1576: 1532:emerging power 1462:Ethiopia is a 1425:Haile Selassie 1333:Queen of Sheba 1196:Horn of Africa 1179: 1178: 1173: 1167: 1166: 1161: 1155: 1154: 1149: 1143: 1142: 1139: 1133: 1132: 1129: 1125: 1124: 1111: 1107: 1106: 1096: 1092: 1091: 1072: 1062: 1061: 1047: 1037: 1036: 1024: 1021: 1018: 1017: 1005: 1002: 999: 998: 995: 985: 984: 972: 969: 966: 965: 953: 950: 947: 946: 943: 929: 928: 921: 919:• Density 918: 915: 914: 906: 903: 900: 899: 887: 884: 881: 880: 874: 873: 870: 867: 864: 863: 856: 853: 850: 849: 843: 842: 839: 838: 837:21 August 1995 835: 829: 826: 825: 822: 816: 813: 812: 809: 803: 800: 799: 796: 790: 787: 786: 783: 777: 774: 773: 770: 760: 757: 756: 753: 750:Centralisation 747: 744: 743: 740: 734: 731: 730: 727: 719: 716: 715: 712: 706: 703: 702: 699: 693: 690: 689: 686: 680: 677: 676: 673: 672: 666: 665: 660: 654: 651: 650: 645: 639: 636: 635: 630: 626: 625: 622: 621: 616: 610: 607: 606: 601: 595: 592: 591: 586: 583:Prime Minister 580: 577: 576: 571: 565: 562: 561: 558: 557: 552: 546: 545: 540: 534: 533: 531: 530: 520: 514: 508: 506: 505: 504: 503: 497: 491: 478: 475: 473: 470: 466: 465: 463: 462: 456: 450: 444: 438: 432: 426: 420: 414: 408: 402: 395: 393: 390: 384: 383: 381: 380: 375: 370: 364: 362: 353: 350: 349: 347: 346: 341: 336: 331: 326: 320: 318: 314: 313: 277: 274: 270: 269: 261: 260: 239: 238: 212: 211: 204: 197: 196: 190: 183: 182: 181: 178: 177: 71: 68: 58:inherited name 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 19808: 19797: 19794: 19792: 19791:BRICS nations 19789: 19787: 19784: 19782: 19779: 19777: 19774: 19772: 19769: 19767: 19764: 19762: 19759: 19757: 19754: 19752: 19749: 19748: 19746: 19739: 19736: 19693: 19690: 19688: 19685: 19683: 19680: 19678: 19675: 19674: 19672: 19668: 19660: 19657: 19655: 19652: 19650: 19647: 19646: 19645: 19642: 19641: 19639: 19637: 19633: 19627: 19624: 19622: 19619: 19618: 19616: 19614: 19610: 19604: 19594: 19592: 19582: 19580: 19570: 19568: 19558: 19556: 19546: 19544: 19534: 19532: 19522: 19520: 19510: 19508: 19498: 19497: 19495: 19493: 19489: 19483: 19480: 19478: 19475: 19473: 19470: 19468: 19465: 19463: 19460: 19458: 19455: 19453: 19450: 19448: 19447:Brazil–Russia 19445: 19443: 19440: 19438: 19435: 19434: 19432: 19428: 19422: 19419: 19417: 19414: 19412: 19409: 19407: 19404: 19402: 19399: 19397: 19396:Brasília 2019 19394: 19392: 19389: 19387: 19384: 19382: 19379: 19377: 19374: 19372: 19369: 19367: 19364: 19362: 19359: 19357: 19354: 19352: 19351:Brasília 2010 19349: 19347: 19344: 19343: 19341: 19337: 19331: 19321: 19319: 19309: 19307: 19297: 19295: 19285: 19283: 19278: 19273: 19271: 19266: 19261: 19259: 19254: 19249: 19247: 19242: 19237: 19235: 19230: 19225: 19224: 19222: 19220: 19216: 19212: 19205: 19200: 19198: 19193: 19191: 19186: 19185: 19182: 19170: 19167: 19165: 19164:Zagwe dynasty 19162: 19160: 19157: 19155: 19152: 19150: 19147: 19145: 19142: 19141: 19139: 19135: 19129: 19126: 19124: 19121: 19119: 19116: 19114: 19111: 19109: 19106: 19105: 19103: 19099: 19089: 19086: 19084: 19081: 19079: 19076: 19075: 19073: 19069: 19063: 19060: 19058: 19055: 19053: 19050: 19048: 19045: 19043: 19040: 19038: 19035: 19033: 19030: 19029: 19027: 19023: 19017: 19014: 19012: 19009: 19007: 19004: 19002: 18999: 18997: 18994: 18992: 18989: 18988: 18986: 18984: 18979: 18973: 18970: 18968: 18965: 18963: 18960: 18958: 18955: 18953: 18950: 18948: 18945: 18943: 18940: 18938: 18935: 18933: 18930: 18929: 18927: 18925: 18920: 18914: 18911: 18909: 18906: 18903: 18899: 18895: 18892: 18890: 18887: 18885: 18882: 18880: 18877: 18875: 18872: 18870: 18867: 18865: 18862: 18860: 18857: 18855: 18852: 18850: 18847: 18845: 18842: 18840: 18837: 18835: 18832: 18830: 18827: 18825: 18822: 18820: 18817: 18815: 18812: 18810: 18807: 18805: 18802: 18800: 18797: 18795: 18792: 18790: 18787: 18785: 18782: 18780: 18777: 18776: 18774: 18770: 18764: 18761: 18759: 18756: 18754: 18751: 18749: 18746: 18744: 18741: 18739: 18736: 18734: 18731: 18729: 18726: 18724: 18721: 18719: 18716: 18714: 18711: 18709: 18706: 18704: 18701: 18699: 18696: 18694: 18691: 18689: 18686: 18684: 18681: 18679: 18676: 18674: 18671: 18669: 18666: 18664: 18661: 18659: 18656: 18654: 18651: 18649: 18646: 18644: 18641: 18639: 18636: 18634: 18631: 18629: 18626: 18624: 18621: 18619: 18616: 18614: 18611: 18609: 18606: 18604: 18603:Aussa Imamate 18601: 18599: 18596: 18594: 18591: 18590: 18588: 18584: 18581: 18577: 18573: 18565: 18560: 18558: 18553: 18551: 18546: 18545: 18542: 18528: 18525: 18523: 18520: 18518: 18515: 18514: 18513: 18512:United States 18510: 18508: 18505: 18503: 18500: 18498: 18495: 18493: 18490: 18488: 18485: 18483: 18480: 18478: 18475: 18473: 18470: 18469: 18466: 18457: 18452: 18450: 18445: 18443: 18438: 18437: 18434: 18422: 18419: 18417: 18414: 18412: 18409: 18407: 18404: 18402: 18399: 18397: 18394: 18393: 18391: 18387: 18381: 18378: 18376: 18373: 18371: 18368: 18366: 18363: 18361: 18358: 18356: 18353: 18351: 18348: 18346: 18343: 18341: 18338: 18336: 18333: 18331: 18328: 18326: 18323: 18321: 18318: 18316: 18313: 18311: 18308: 18306: 18303: 18301: 18298: 18296: 18293: 18292: 18290: 18288: 18284: 18274: 18271: 18269: 18266: 18264: 18261: 18259: 18256: 18254: 18251: 18249: 18246: 18244: 18241: 18239: 18236: 18234: 18231: 18229: 18226: 18224: 18221: 18219: 18216: 18214: 18211: 18209: 18206: 18204: 18201: 18199: 18196: 18194: 18191: 18189: 18186: 18185: 18183: 18181: 18177: 18171: 18168: 18166: 18163: 18161: 18158: 18156: 18153: 18151: 18148: 18146: 18143: 18139: 18136: 18134: 18131: 18130: 18129: 18126: 18122: 18119: 18117: 18114: 18113: 18112: 18109: 18107: 18104: 18102: 18099: 18098: 18096: 18094: 18090: 18084: 18081: 18079: 18076: 18074: 18071: 18069: 18066: 18064: 18061: 18059: 18056: 18054: 18051: 18049: 18046: 18044: 18041: 18039: 18036: 18034: 18031: 18029: 18026: 18024: 18021: 18019: 18016: 18014: 18011: 18009: 18006: 18004: 18001: 17999: 17996: 17994: 17991: 17990: 17988: 17986: 17982: 17979: 17977: 17973: 17969: 17962: 17957: 17955: 17950: 17948: 17943: 17942: 17939: 17927: 17916: 17913: 17911: 17908: 17906: 17903: 17901: 17898: 17896: 17893: 17891: 17888: 17886: 17883: 17881: 17878: 17876: 17873: 17871: 17868: 17866: 17863: 17861: 17858: 17857: 17854: 17850: 17845: 17841: 17837: 17830: 17825: 17823: 17818: 17816: 17811: 17810: 17807: 17801: 17794: 17782: 17779: 17778: 17773: 17769: 17766: 17762: 17761: 17757: 17747: 17744: 17742: 17739: 17737: 17734: 17732: 17729: 17727: 17724: 17722: 17719: 17716: 17712: 17709: 17707: 17704: 17703: 17701: 17699: 17695: 17689: 17686: 17684: 17681: 17679: 17676: 17674: 17671: 17669: 17666: 17664: 17661: 17659: 17656: 17654: 17651: 17647: 17644: 17643: 17642: 17639: 17635: 17632: 17630: 17627: 17625: 17622: 17621: 17620: 17617: 17615: 17612: 17610: 17607: 17605: 17604:Ethnic groups 17602: 17600: 17597: 17595: 17592: 17590: 17587: 17585: 17582: 17581: 17578: 17575: 17573: 17569: 17559: 17556: 17554: 17551: 17549: 17546: 17544: 17541: 17539: 17536: 17534: 17533:Manufacturing 17531: 17529: 17526: 17524: 17521: 17519: 17516: 17514: 17511: 17509: 17506: 17504: 17498: 17496: 17493: 17491: 17488: 17487: 17484: 17481: 17479: 17475: 17463: 17460: 17458: 17455: 17454: 17453: 17450: 17448: 17445: 17443: 17442:Ground Forces 17440: 17438: 17435: 17434: 17432: 17430: 17426: 17420: 17417: 17415: 17412: 17410: 17407: 17405: 17402: 17400: 17397: 17395: 17392: 17388: 17385: 17384: 17383: 17380: 17376: 17373: 17372: 17371: 17368: 17366: 17363: 17359: 17356: 17355: 17354: 17351: 17350: 17347: 17344: 17342: 17338: 17324: 17321: 17319: 17316: 17314: 17311: 17309: 17306: 17302: 17299: 17298: 17297: 17294: 17293: 17291: 17289: 17285: 17279: 17276: 17274: 17271: 17269: 17266: 17264: 17261: 17259: 17256: 17254: 17251: 17249: 17246: 17245: 17243: 17241: 17237: 17233: 17230: 17228: 17224: 17218: 17215: 17213: 17210: 17206: 17203: 17202: 17201: 17198: 17196: 17193: 17189: 17186: 17184: 17181: 17180: 17179: 17176: 17174: 17171: 17169: 17166: 17164: 17161: 17159: 17156: 17154: 17151: 17149: 17146: 17144: 17141: 17139: 17136: 17134: 17131: 17127: 17124: 17122: 17119: 17117: 17114: 17113: 17111: 17109: 17106: 17104: 17101: 17099: 17096: 17094: 17091: 17089: 17086: 17084: 17083:Zagwe dynasty 17081: 17079: 17076: 17072: 17069: 17067: 17064: 17063: 17062: 17059: 17057: 17054: 17052: 17049: 17047: 17044: 17042: 17039: 17037: 17034: 17033: 17031: 17029: 17025: 17021: 17017: 17010: 17005: 17003: 16998: 16996: 16991: 16990: 16987: 16980: 16977: 16974: 16970: 16967: 16965: 16961: 16956: 16952: 16951: 16946: 16941: 16939: 16936: 16934: 16931: 16928: 16924: 16923: 16918: 16915: 16914: 16909: 16908: 16907: 16901: 16897: 16874: 16870: 16869: 16863: 16854: 16850: 16846: 16845: 16839: 16838:public domain 16830: 16826: 16820: 16816: 16815: 16809: 16806: 16805: 16800: 16797: 16796: 16791: 16788: 16784: 16781: 16777: 16774: 16773: 16768: 16764: 16758: 16754: 16750: 16746: 16742: 16736: 16732: 16727: 16725: 16724:0-7126-3044-9 16721: 16717: 16713: 16712: 16707: 16704: 16701: 16700:0-902669-53-2 16697: 16691: 16686: 16684: 16680: 16676: 16672: 16668: 16662: 16658: 16653: 16650: 16649:1-56902-009-4 16646: 16640: 16635: 16631: 16625: 16621: 16616: 16614: 16610: 16606: 16602: 16598: 16595: 16594: 16589: 16585: 16579: 16575: 16570: 16567: 16566:99944-0-003-7 16563: 16559: 16555: 16551: 16550: 16544: 16539: 16534: 16530: 16524: 16520: 16519: 16513: 16512: 16500: 16494: 16490: 16485: 16481: 16475: 16471: 16470: 16464: 16449: 16445: 16439: 16432: 16431: 16425: 16421: 16417: 16413: 16409: 16406:(1): 121–42. 16405: 16401: 16397: 16392: 16388: 16382: 16378: 16373: 16369: 16364: 16360: 16355: 16354: 16332: 16325: 16309: 16305: 16299: 16284: 16280: 16276: 16272: 16265: 16249: 16243: 16227: 16221: 16213: 16209: 16204: 16199: 16195: 16191: 16187: 16183: 16179: 16175: 16171: 16164: 16156: 16152: 16146: 16131: 16127: 16121: 16106: 16102: 16096: 16088: 16084: 16078: 16063: 16059: 16052: 16036: 16032: 16026: 16010: 16006: 16000: 15992: 15988: 15982: 15967: 15963: 15956: 15954: 15938: 15934: 15927: 15919: 15915: 15911: 15904: 15896: 15890: 15886: 15885: 15877: 15862: 15858: 15851: 15836: 15832: 15826: 15819: 15814: 15808: 15804: 15803: 15795: 15788: 15784: 15778: 15774: 15773: 15765: 15750: 15746: 15739: 15737: 15735: 15726: 15722: 15718: 15714: 15710: 15703: 15701: 15699: 15690: 15683: 15667: 15663: 15659: 15653: 15637: 15633: 15627: 15611: 15607: 15601: 15593: 15589: 15585: 15581: 15577: 15573: 15569: 15565: 15561: 15557: 15553: 15549: 15545: 15538: 15530: 15526: 15519: 15504: 15500: 15493: 15486: 15482: 15478: 15474: 15471: 15466: 15455: 15454: 15446: 15438: 15434: 15427: 15408: 15404: 15397: 15390: 15375: 15371: 15365: 15349: 15345: 15339: 15331: 15325: 15321: 15320: 15312: 15304: 15300: 15295: 15290: 15285: 15280: 15276: 15272: 15268: 15261: 15253: 15249: 15243: 15235: 15231: 15225: 15209: 15202: 15196: 15180: 15174: 15159: 15155: 15149: 15134: 15130: 15124: 15115: 15106: 15098: 15092: 15088: 15087: 15079: 15063: 15057: 15049: 15043: 15039: 15035: 15034: 15026: 15013: 14995: 14988: 14986: 14969: 14963: 14955: 14951: 14947: 14943: 14939: 14935: 14931: 14927: 14920: 14913: 14907: 14899: 14893: 14889: 14888: 14880: 14861: 14854: 14847: 14839: 14833: 14829: 14828: 14820: 14804: 14800: 14796: 14790: 14788: 14772: 14771:glottolog.org 14768: 14762: 14754: 14750: 14744: 14729: 14723: 14716: 14712: 14709: 14703: 14701: 14699: 14697: 14695: 14693: 14691: 14682: 14678: 14674: 14672:9780300266900 14668: 14664: 14660: 14656: 14652: 14645: 14629: 14623: 14616: 14615:Worldbank.org 14611: 14609: 14607: 14605: 14596: 14590: 14582: 14578: 14575:(2): 159–75. 14574: 14570: 14563: 14556: 14549: 14545: 14542: 14536: 14534: 14532: 14530: 14528: 14526: 14519: 14513: 14511: 14503: 14497: 14489: 14485: 14479: 14463: 14459: 14458: 14453: 14447: 14432: 14428: 14422: 14415: 14404: 14400: 14396: 14390: 14382: 14370: 14355: 14349: 14345: 14341: 14337: 14336: 14332:WIPO (2022). 14328: 14313: 14309: 14303: 14288:. 23 May 2022 14287: 14283: 14277: 14262: 14261:MICE Ethiopia 14258: 14252: 14237: 14233: 14227: 14212: 14208: 14202: 14187: 14183: 14177: 14161: 14157: 14151: 14135: 14131: 14127: 14121: 14105: 14101: 14094: 14077: 14073: 14067: 14051: 14047: 14041: 14025: 14019: 14012: 13999: 13992: 13986: 13982: 13978: 13975: 13969: 13967: 13965: 13963: 13955: 13942: 13938: 13937: 13932: 13926: 13910: 13906: 13902: 13895: 13887: 13883: 13880:Stylianou N. 13876: 13860: 13854: 13847: 13846:The Economist 13842: 13827: 13823: 13817: 13801: 13800: 13795: 13789: 13774: 13773: 13768: 13761: 13746: 13745: 13740: 13733: 13717: 13711: 13709: 13693:. 7 June 2007 13692: 13691:The Economist 13688: 13682: 13674: 13670: 13665: 13660: 13656: 13652: 13648: 13644: 13640: 13633: 13617: 13613: 13609: 13603: 13588: 13587: 13582: 13575: 13559: 13553: 13537: 13533: 13527: 13512: 13508: 13501: 13485: 13481: 13475: 13459: 13455: 13449: 13434: 13428: 13412: 13406: 13387: 13381: 13365: 13361: 13355: 13347: 13340: 13334: 13326: 13320: 13316: 13315: 13307: 13296: 13290: 13282: 13281: 13276: 13270: 13262: 13258: 13252: 13244: 13243: 13238: 13231: 13223: 13222: 13217: 13211: 13203: 13199: 13193: 13185: 13178: 13163: 13159: 13153: 13145: 13141: 13135: 13119: 13115: 13109: 13101: 13097: 13091: 13083: 13082: 13077: 13071: 13063: 13059: 13055: 13048: 13029: 13023: 13015: 13011: 13004: 12988: 12981: 12966: 12962: 12956: 12949: 12945: 12939: 12932: 12926: 12911: 12907: 12901: 12893: 12889: 12885: 12881: 12877: 12870: 12862: 12858: 12852: 12844: 12840: 12836: 12832: 12825: 12810: 12806: 12799: 12784: 12780: 12773: 12758: 12757:Freedom House 12754: 12748: 12732: 12728: 12722: 12707: 12706:Freedom House 12703: 12697: 12689: 12685: 12681: 12677: 12673: 12669: 12665: 12661: 12657: 12650: 12643: 12638: 12631: 12626: 12618: 12614: 12608: 12593: 12589: 12582: 12574: 12570: 12564: 12548: 12544: 12540: 12533: 12518: 12514: 12513:aljazeera.com 12510: 12503: 12495: 12491: 12484: 12476: 12472: 12466: 12450: 12446: 12440: 12424: 12420: 12414: 12407: 12402: 12386: 12382: 12378: 12372: 12364: 12358: 12356: 12347: 12343: 12337: 12329: 12323: 12315: 12314:Article 24(3) 12308: 12300: 12294: 12285: 12277: 12271: 12267: 12266: 12258: 12242: 12236: 12228: 12224: 12219: 12214: 12210: 12206: 12201: 12196: 12192: 12188: 12184: 12180: 12176: 12168: 12162: 12156: 12147: 12142: 12138: 12134: 12130: 12126: 12122: 12115: 12108: 12102: 12100: 12088: 12076: 12070: 12063: 12059: 12056: 12050: 12043: 12037: 12030: 12026: 12023: 12017: 12008: 11992: 11985: 11970: 11966: 11959: 11944: 11940: 11933: 11918:. 20 May 2019 11917: 11911: 11896: 11895:Quartz Africa 11892: 11885: 11869: 11865: 11859: 11851: 11847: 11842: 11837: 11833: 11829: 11825: 11821: 11817: 11810: 11802: 11801:Brookings.edu 11798: 11792: 11784: 11778: 11770: 11766: 11760: 11744: 11740: 11734: 11719: 11715: 11708: 11692: 11686: 11678: 11674: 11667: 11659: 11655: 11654: 11649: 11642: 11634: 11630: 11624: 11616: 11612: 11606: 11598: 11594: 11588: 11580: 11576: 11570: 11562: 11558: 11552: 11537: 11533: 11527: 11511: 11507: 11501: 11486: 11482: 11476: 11462: 11461: 11454: 11439: 11435: 11429: 11421: 11415: 11400: 11396: 11389: 11373: 11369: 11365: 11359: 11351: 11347: 11341: 11339: 11322: 11318: 11314: 11308: 11292: 11288: 11284: 11278: 11263: 11259: 11255: 11251: 11245: 11229: 11222: 11216: 11214: 11206: 11201: 11193: 11189: 11183: 11175: 11171: 11170:"ADDIS ABABA" 11164: 11149: 11148: 11142: 11138: 11132: 11124: 11117: 11110: 11102: 11098: 11092: 11084: 11078: 11074: 11067: 11060: 11056: 11050: 11034: 11030: 11029:Rolling Stone 11026: 11019: 11004: 11000: 10993: 10986: 10985: 10979: 10963: 10959: 10953: 10945: 10941: 10934: 10926: 10922: 10916: 10908: 10902: 10898: 10891: 10876: 10872: 10868: 10864: 10857: 10849: 10845: 10841: 10839:0-521-43082-8 10835: 10831: 10824: 10809: 10805: 10801: 10797: 10791: 10776: 10772: 10768: 10764: 10758: 10743: 10739: 10735: 10731: 10725: 10718: 10713: 10706: 10701: 10693: 10692:BlackPast.org 10689: 10683: 10676: 10670: 10662: 10655: 10648: 10642: 10635: 10631: 10625: 10617: 10613: 10606: 10598: 10594: 10590: 10586: 10583:(2): 95–124. 10582: 10578: 10571: 10564: 10563: 10558: 10553: 10546: 10545:1-56000-992-6 10542: 10538: 10532: 10524: 10520: 10516: 10512: 10509:(3): 468–74. 10508: 10504: 10497: 10490: 10484: 10482: 10473: 10469: 10465: 10461: 10457: 10453: 10446: 10438: 10434: 10430: 10424: 10420: 10413: 10405: 10401: 10397: 10393: 10386: 10379: 10375: 10372: 10367: 10359: 10353: 10346: 10345: 10337: 10329: 10323: 10319: 10315: 10311: 10307: 10300: 10292: 10286: 10282: 10281: 10273: 10257: 10253: 10247: 10239: 10232: 10217: 10213: 10207: 10200: 10194: 10187: 10181: 10174: 10168: 10160: 10154: 10150: 10149: 10141: 10133: 10127: 10123: 10122: 10114: 10112: 10096: 10092: 10086: 10078: 10072: 10068: 10067: 10059: 10051: 10045: 10030: 10026: 10020: 10013: 10008: 10000: 9996: 9992: 9986: 9982: 9975: 9966: 9958: 9952: 9948: 9947: 9939: 9932: 9927: 9919: 9913: 9909: 9908: 9900: 9892: 9886: 9882: 9881: 9874: 9866: 9860: 9856: 9849: 9834: 9830: 9824: 9816: 9810: 9795: 9791: 9785: 9778: 9772: 9761: 9757: 9750: 9743: 9735: 9729: 9725: 9724: 9716: 9701: 9697: 9691: 9689: 9681: 9676: 9668: 9662: 9658: 9651: 9644: 9643: 9636: 9629: 9623: 9616: 9611: 9609: 9607: 9605: 9596: 9592: 9587: 9582: 9577: 9572: 9568: 9564: 9560: 9556: 9552: 9545: 9537: 9533: 9528: 9523: 9518: 9513: 9509: 9505: 9501: 9497: 9493: 9486: 9478: 9474: 9470: 9466: 9462: 9458: 9454: 9450: 9446: 9442: 9438: 9434: 9426: 9411: 9407: 9401: 9386: 9382: 9375: 9360: 9356: 9349: 9334: 9330: 9323: 9308: 9304: 9297: 9282: 9278: 9274: 9273: 9268: 9261: 9253: 9247: 9243: 9236: 9228: 9222: 9218: 9211: 9203: 9197: 9193: 9192: 9184: 9176: 9172: 9168: 9164: 9160: 9156: 9152: 9148: 9143: 9138: 9134: 9130: 9126: 9122: 9115: 9108: 9100: 9096: 9092: 9088: 9084: 9080: 9076: 9072: 9065: 9057: 9053: 9049: 9045: 9040: 9035: 9031: 9027: 9023: 9019: 9015: 9008: 8993: 8989: 8985: 8984: 8979: 8977: 8968: 8960: 8956: 8952: 8948: 8944: 8940: 8936: 8932: 8928: 8924: 8917: 8909: 8905: 8901: 8897: 8893: 8889: 8885: 8881: 8877: 8873: 8866: 8859: 8843: 8837: 8829: 8823: 8819: 8812: 8796: 8790: 8775: 8771: 8764: 8748: 8747: 8739: 8730: 8721: 8715: 8711: 8706: 8698: 8692: 8688: 8687: 8679: 8677: 8669: 8663: 8656: 8652: 8646: 8630: 8629: 8621: 8605: 8604: 8597: 8595: 8586: 8582: 8578: 8574: 8570: 8566: 8562: 8555: 8547: 8543: 8537: 8522: 8518: 8512: 8497: 8493: 8487: 8479: 8475: 8469: 8454: 8450: 8444: 8429: 8425: 8418: 8402: 8398: 8392: 8376: 8372: 8366: 8351: 8347: 8340: 8329: 8323: 8315: 8311: 8307: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8289: 8285: 8281: 8277: 8270: 8262: 8258: 8254: 8250: 8246: 8242: 8238: 8234: 8230: 8226: 8219: 8211: 8205: 8201: 8194: 8178: 8174: 8173: 8168: 8161: 8145: 8141: 8137: 8131: 8123: 8119: 8115: 8111: 8107: 8103: 8099: 8095: 8091: 8087: 8086: 8077: 8069: 8065: 8061: 8057: 8053: 8052: 8047: 8040: 8032: 8028: 8024: 8018: 8015:. Routledge. 8014: 8007: 7991: 7987: 7981: 7979: 7977: 7975: 7968: 7955: 7951: 7950: 7945: 7939: 7923: 7919: 7915: 7909: 7901: 7897: 7890: 7874: 7867: 7861: 7845: 7839: 7823: 7819: 7815: 7809: 7807: 7805: 7803: 7786: 7779: 7773: 7765: 7759: 7748: 7742: 7726: 7722: 7716: 7700: 7696: 7692: 7688: 7682: 7680: 7678: 7676: 7674: 7672: 7670: 7650: 7646: 7639: 7633: 7625: 7621: 7615: 7599: 7595: 7588: 7586: 7569: 7565: 7561: 7555: 7539: 7535: 7531: 7525: 7521: 7497: 7489: 7486: 7478: 7477: 7476: 7473: 7468: 7464: 7456: 7453: 7445: 7441: 7433: 7432: 7431: 7428: 7427: 7424: 7417: 7416: 7415:lingua franca 7411: 7410:Ancient Greek 7405: 7396: 7392: 7389: 7386: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7356: 7353: 7350: 7342: 7336: 7327: 7324: 7323: 7319: 7315: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7296: 7292: 7291:Africa portal 7281: 7278: 7267: 7260: 7258: 7254: 7250: 7246: 7242: 7237: 7235: 7231: 7227: 7223: 7219: 7215: 7208: 7204: 7200: 7195: 7185: 7183: 7179: 7178:Tigray Region 7175: 7171: 7167: 7163: 7162:Tsebehi Derho 7159: 7155: 7154: 7149: 7145: 7141: 7137: 7133: 7129: 7125: 7121: 7117: 7115: 7111: 7107: 7102: 7098: 7095: 7091: 7087: 7086: 7081: 7077: 7069: 7068: 7063: 7062: 7056: 7051: 7045: 7035: 7033: 7029: 7025: 7020: 7018: 7014: 7010: 7009:Mahder Assefa 7006: 7002: 6998: 6997:Selam Tesfaye 6994: 6993: 6988: 6987: 6982: 6981: 6976: 6975: 6970: 6969: 6964: 6960: 6956: 6955:Salem Mekuria 6952: 6948: 6944: 6943:Au de Menilek 6938: 6933: 6922: 6916: 6906: 6896: 6894: 6893:Ethio telecom 6889: 6887: 6883: 6879: 6875: 6871: 6870:Addis Fortune 6866: 6864: 6859: 6855: 6851: 6847: 6843: 6841: 6837: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6815: 6805: 6803: 6799: 6795: 6791: 6787: 6784:(full moon), 6783: 6779: 6775: 6772:(Belletrix), 6771: 6767: 6763: 6759: 6755: 6751: 6746: 6744: 6740: 6732: 6728: 6723: 6721: 6717: 6713: 6709: 6705: 6699: 6695: 6685: 6683: 6679: 6675: 6671: 6667: 6662: 6660: 6656: 6652: 6648: 6647:Mahmoud Ahmed 6644: 6640: 6636: 6632: 6628: 6623: 6621: 6618:arrived from 6617: 6612: 6610: 6606: 6601: 6599: 6598: 6593: 6589: 6585: 6581: 6577: 6573: 6569: 6561: 6557: 6552: 6546: 6536: 6534: 6530: 6526: 6525: 6520: 6516: 6512: 6508: 6502: 6492: 6490: 6486: 6482: 6478: 6473: 6472: 6467: 6459: 6455: 6446: 6444: 6439: 6435: 6434: 6429: 6425: 6420: 6418: 6413: 6410: 6406: 6402: 6396: 6392: 6388: 6383: 6373: 6371: 6365: 6363: 6357: 6355: 6354:South Arabian 6351: 6347: 6343: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6315: 6313: 6309: 6305: 6301: 6300:Byzantine art 6296: 6292: 6288: 6284: 6280: 6276: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6259:Ethiopian art 6250: 6248: 6238: 6233: 6223: 6220: 6215: 6204: 6199: 6195: 6193: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6157: 6147: 6143: 6141: 6137: 6132: 6130: 6125: 6121: 6117: 6107: 6102: 6098: 6088: 6086: 6082: 6078: 6074: 6070: 6066: 6064: 6060: 6056: 6052: 6048: 6044: 6039: 6037: 6033: 6029: 6028:monophysitism 6025: 6022:, in 451 the 6021: 6017: 6012: 6010: 6006: 6002: 5998: 5994: 5985: 5981: 5978: 5974: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5950: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5935: 5933: 5929: 5925: 5921: 5917: 5913: 5909: 5905: 5901: 5897: 5887: 5885: 5880: 5878: 5873: 5871: 5867: 5863: 5859: 5855: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5839: 5835: 5831: 5827: 5823: 5819: 5815: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5790: 5785: 5782:According to 5775: 5765: 5755: 5745: 5735: 5725: 5715: 5705: 5695: 5685: 5675: 5667: 5665: 5657: 5647: 5643: 5641: 5632: 5627: 5623: 5621: 5616: 5613: 5608: 5600: 5596: 5594: 5584: 5579: 5569: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5531: 5530: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5497: 5496: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5463: 5462: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5429: 5428: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5395: 5394: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5361: 5360: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5327: 5326: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5293: 5292: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5259: 5258: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5144: 5129: 5124: 5122: 5117: 5115: 5110: 5109: 5103: 5099: 5095: 5091: 5084: 5080: 5075: 5071: 5061: 5057: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5004: 4992: 4983: 4981: 4977: 4968: 4966: 4962: 4953: 4951: 4947: 4938: 4936: 4932: 4923: 4921: 4917: 4908: 4906: 4902: 4893: 4891: 4887: 4878: 4876: 4872: 4863: 4861: 4857: 4848: 4846: 4842: 4831: 4829: 4825: 4819: 4815: 4812: 4808: 4802: 4798: 4792: 4782: 4780: 4775: 4772: 4767: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4756:Melaku Worede 4753: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4736: 4732: 4721: 4720: 4715: 4711: 4704: 4695: 4691: 4687: 4680: 4670: 4664: 4654: 4652: 4648: 4643: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4590:1,435 mm 4587: 4583: 4577: 4567: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4537: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4522: 4519: 4508: 4507:Ethio Telecom 4502: 4491: 4484: 4473: 4466: 4456: 4446: 4444: 4440: 4435: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4391: 4381: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4353: 4347: 4342: 4338: 4333: 4329: 4319: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4301: 4300:civil service 4297: 4293: 4289: 4284: 4282: 4278: 4269: 4264: 4258: 4248: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4211: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4151: 4141: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4118: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4068: 4064: 4059: 4055: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3998:, as well as 3997: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3981: 3980:African Union 3977: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3938: 3934: 3929: 3925: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3887: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3861: 3857: 3852: 3848: 3846: 3845: 3840: 3839: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3798: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3775:Freedom House 3772: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3749: 3744: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3713: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3694: 3692: 3688: 3676: 3671: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3655: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3643: 3639: 3638: 3630: 3628: 3627:Freedom House 3624: 3618: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3603: 3601: 3597: 3596:errors of law 3593: 3589: 3581: 3576: 3572: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3553:head of state 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3535: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3515: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3486: 3483: 3479: 3477: 3472: 3471:deforestation 3468: 3463: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3440: 3438: 3432: 3430: 3429: 3419: 3415: 3410: 3405: 3401: 3395: 3385: 3383: 3379: 3374: 3372: 3368: 3360: 3356: 3351: 3347: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3332: 3328: 3325: 3320: 3311: 3306: 3302: 3292: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3273: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3242: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3227: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3200: 3195: 3185: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3170:War in Amhara 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3134:Tigray Region 3131: 3127: 3122: 3120: 3116: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3089: 3086: 3078: 3074: 3069: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3049: 3037: 3035: 3031: 3026: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3015:authoritarian 3012: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2991: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2964: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2915: 2911: 2910: 2905: 2901: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2866: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2831: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2812: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2794: 2793:Fascist Italy 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2748: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2722: 2718: 2713: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2682: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2655: 2650: 2648: 2644: 2643:Gobana Dacche 2641: 2637: 2633: 2627: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2552: 2545: 2536: 2529: 2515: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2484: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2445: 2443: 2439: 2438:Ethiopian art 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2393: 2383: 2381: 2377: 2371: 2369: 2365: 2363: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2325: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2283: 2278: 2274: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2251:Zagwe dynasty 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2195: 2185: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2158: 2156: 2151: 2147: 2146: 2141: 2133: 2128: 2124: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2109: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2079: 2075: 2072: 2071:Aksumite king 2068: 2064: 2059: 2055: 2045: 2043: 2039: 2034: 2032: 2028: 2027: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2013:Fincha Habera 2010: 2005: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1982: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1959: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1904: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1890: 1885: 1882:. The oldest 1881: 1880:palaeontology 1874:hominid skull 1873: 1872: 1866: 1861: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1842: 1841:Ethiopic text 1821: 1815: 1805: 1803: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1778:('Aḥbāsh) in 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1744: 1742: 1738: 1737:New Testament 1734: 1730: 1726: 1725:Old Testament 1722: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1694: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1630: 1625: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1614: 1609: 1608: 1601: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1585: 1575: 1573: 1570:, widespread 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1534:, having the 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1504:African Union 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1468:ethnic groups 1465: 1460: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1435:in 1991, the 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1385:Fascist Italy 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1361: 1359: 1355: 1352: 1348: 1347: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1313:Zagwe dynasty 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1159:ISO 3166 code 1156: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1073: 1067: 1063: 1048: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1031:$ 1,910 ( 1025: 1019: 1015: 1006: 1000: 996: 990: 986: 982: 979:$ 4,019 ( 973: 967: 963: 954: 948: 944: 940: 934: 930: 926: 922: 916: 907: 901: 897: 888: 882: 879: 875: 871: 865: 861: 857: 851: 848: 844: 840: 836: 833: 827: 823: 820: 814: 810: 807: 801: 797: 794: 788: 784: 781: 775: 771: 768: 764: 758: 754: 751: 745: 741: 738: 737:Reunification 732: 728: 725: 724: 717: 713: 710: 704: 700: 697: 691: 687: 684: 678: 674: 671: 667: 664: 661: 658: 652: 649: 646: 643: 637: 634: 631: 627: 623: 620: 617: 614: 608: 605: 602: 599: 593: 590: 587: 584: 578: 575: 572: 569: 563: 559: 556: 553: 551: 547: 544: 541: 539: 535: 529: 525: 521: 519: 515: 513: 509: 502: 498: 496: 492: 490: 486: 485: 484: 480: 479: 477: 476: 474: 467: 461: 457: 455: 451: 449: 445: 443: 439: 437: 433: 431: 427: 425: 421: 419: 415: 413: 409: 407: 403: 401: 397: 396: 394: 389: 385: 379: 376: 374: 371: 369: 366: 365: 363: 359: 358: 351: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 322: 321: 319: 315: 310: 306:9.017; 38.750 281: 278: 271: 267: 262: 233: 217: 213: 207: 201: 193: 187: 179: 171: 162: 148: 138: 131: 121: 114: 107: 101: 92: 83: 66: 63: 59: 55: 51: 46: 42: 35: 30: 19: 19708: 19472:India–Russia 19462:China–Russia 19442:Brazil–India 19437:Brazil–China 19411:Beijing 2022 19305: 19282:South Africa 18789:Akkele Guzay 18287:Nilo-Saharan 18138:Chebo people 18116:Beta Abraham 17976:Afro-Asiatic 17839: 17641:Human rights 17594:Demographics 17584:Architecture 17553:Trade unions 17353:Constitution 17143:World War II 17071:regnal lists 17015: 16948: 16920: 16904: 16903: 16902:profile for 16899: 16867: 16843: 16813: 16802: 16793: 16786: 16779: 16770: 16752: 16749:Selassie I H 16730: 16715: 16709: 16689: 16674: 16656: 16638: 16619: 16600: 16591: 16573: 16557: 16547: 16517: 16488: 16468: 16455:. Retrieved 16448:the original 16429: 16403: 16399: 16376: 16367: 16358: 16335:. Retrieved 16324: 16312:. Retrieved 16307: 16298: 16286:. Retrieved 16275:The Guardian 16274: 16264: 16252:. Retrieved 16242: 16230:. Retrieved 16220: 16177: 16173: 16163: 16154: 16145: 16133:. Retrieved 16129: 16120: 16108:. Retrieved 16104: 16095: 16086: 16077: 16065:. Retrieved 16061: 16051: 16039:. Retrieved 16034: 16025: 16013:. Retrieved 16008: 15999: 15990: 15981: 15969:. Retrieved 15965: 15940:. Retrieved 15936: 15926: 15918:the original 15913: 15903: 15883: 15876: 15864:. Retrieved 15860: 15850: 15838:. Retrieved 15834: 15825: 15816: 15801: 15794: 15786: 15771: 15764: 15752:. Retrieved 15748: 15716: 15712: 15682: 15670:. Retrieved 15666:the original 15661: 15652: 15640:. Retrieved 15635: 15626: 15614:. Retrieved 15609: 15600: 15551: 15547: 15537: 15528: 15518: 15506:. Retrieved 15503:hdr.undp.org 15502: 15492: 15484: 15480: 15465: 15452: 15445: 15436: 15426: 15414:. Retrieved 15407:the original 15402: 15389: 15377:. Retrieved 15373: 15364: 15352:. Retrieved 15347: 15338: 15318: 15311: 15274: 15270: 15260: 15251: 15242: 15233: 15224: 15212:. Retrieved 15207: 15195: 15183:. Retrieved 15173: 15161:. Retrieved 15157: 15148: 15136:. Retrieved 15132: 15123: 15114: 15105: 15085: 15078: 15066:. Retrieved 15056: 15032: 15025: 15012: 15000:. Retrieved 14972:. Retrieved 14962: 14929: 14925: 14919: 14911: 14906: 14886: 14879: 14867:. Retrieved 14860:the original 14846: 14826: 14819: 14807:. Retrieved 14798: 14774:. Retrieved 14770: 14761: 14753:the original 14743: 14731:. Retrieved 14722: 14650: 14644: 14632:. Retrieved 14622: 14589:cite journal 14572: 14568: 14555: 14496: 14488:the original 14478: 14466:. Retrieved 14462:the original 14455: 14446: 14436:23 September 14434:. Retrieved 14430: 14421: 14413: 14406:. Retrieved 14398: 14389: 14357:. Retrieved 14334: 14327: 14315:. Retrieved 14311: 14302: 14290:. Retrieved 14285: 14276: 14264:. Retrieved 14260: 14251: 14239:. Retrieved 14235: 14226: 14214:. Retrieved 14210: 14201: 14189:. Retrieved 14185: 14176: 14164:. Retrieved 14160:the original 14150: 14138:. Retrieved 14134:the original 14129: 14120: 14108:. Retrieved 14104:the original 14093: 14080:. Retrieved 14076:the original 14066: 14054:. Retrieved 14050:the original 14040: 14028:. Retrieved 14018: 14009: 14002:. Retrieved 13991: 13952: 13945:. Retrieved 13941:the original 13934: 13925: 13913:. Retrieved 13904: 13894: 13885: 13875: 13863:. Retrieved 13853: 13845: 13841: 13829:. Retrieved 13825: 13816: 13804:. Retrieved 13797: 13788: 13776:. Retrieved 13770: 13760: 13748:. Retrieved 13742: 13732: 13720:. Retrieved 13695:. Retrieved 13690: 13681: 13646: 13642: 13632: 13620:. Retrieved 13616:the original 13611: 13602: 13590:. Retrieved 13584: 13574: 13562:. Retrieved 13552: 13540:. Retrieved 13536:the original 13526: 13514:. Retrieved 13510: 13500: 13488:. Retrieved 13483: 13474: 13462:. Retrieved 13448: 13436:. Retrieved 13427: 13415:. Retrieved 13405: 13393:. Retrieved 13380: 13368:. Retrieved 13363: 13354: 13345: 13333: 13317:. Lulu.com. 13313: 13306: 13289: 13278: 13269: 13260: 13251: 13240: 13230: 13219: 13210: 13201: 13192: 13183: 13177: 13165:. Retrieved 13161: 13152: 13143: 13134: 13122:. Retrieved 13117: 13108: 13099: 13090: 13079: 13070: 13057: 13047: 13035:. Retrieved 13022: 13013: 13003: 12991:. Retrieved 12980: 12968:. Retrieved 12964: 12955: 12947: 12943: 12938: 12930: 12925: 12913:. Retrieved 12909: 12900: 12883: 12879: 12869: 12861:www.mappr.co 12860: 12851: 12834: 12830: 12824: 12812:. Retrieved 12808: 12798: 12786:. Retrieved 12782: 12772: 12760:. Retrieved 12756: 12747: 12735:. Retrieved 12730: 12721: 12709:. Retrieved 12705: 12696: 12666:(3): 67–84. 12663: 12659: 12649: 12637: 12625: 12616: 12607: 12595:. Retrieved 12591: 12586:AfricaNews. 12581: 12572: 12563: 12551:. Retrieved 12547:the original 12542: 12532: 12520:. Retrieved 12512: 12502: 12493: 12483: 12474: 12465: 12453:. Retrieved 12449:the original 12439: 12427:. Retrieved 12422: 12413: 12401: 12389:. Retrieved 12380: 12371: 12362: 12346:the original 12336: 12327: 12322: 12312: 12307: 12298: 12293: 12284: 12264: 12257: 12245:. Retrieved 12235: 12182: 12178: 12167: 12155: 12128: 12124: 12114: 12069: 12049: 12036: 12016: 12007: 11995:. Retrieved 11984: 11972:. Retrieved 11968: 11958: 11946:. Retrieved 11942: 11932: 11920:. Retrieved 11910: 11898:. Retrieved 11894: 11884: 11872:. Retrieved 11867: 11858: 11823: 11819: 11809: 11800: 11791: 11777: 11768: 11759: 11747:. Retrieved 11743:the original 11733: 11721:. Retrieved 11717: 11707: 11695:. Retrieved 11685: 11676: 11666: 11651: 11641: 11632: 11623: 11614: 11605: 11596: 11587: 11578: 11569: 11560: 11551: 11541:10 September 11539:. Retrieved 11535: 11526: 11516:10 September 11514:. Retrieved 11509: 11500: 11490:10 September 11488:. Retrieved 11484: 11475: 11464:, retrieved 11459: 11453: 11441:. Retrieved 11437: 11428: 11414: 11402:. Retrieved 11398: 11388: 11378:30 September 11376:. Retrieved 11372:the original 11367: 11358: 11349: 11325:. Retrieved 11316: 11307: 11295:. Retrieved 11286: 11277: 11265:. Retrieved 11253: 11244: 11232:. Retrieved 11227: 11200: 11191: 11182: 11173: 11163: 11152:, retrieved 11146: 11137:Ghostarchive 11135:Archived at 11131: 11122: 11109: 11100: 11091: 11072: 11066: 11058: 11049: 11037:. Retrieved 11033:the original 11028: 11018: 11006:. Retrieved 11002: 10992: 10987:, pp. 687–95 10982: 10978: 10966:. Retrieved 10961: 10952: 10943: 10933: 10924: 10915: 10896: 10890: 10878:. Retrieved 10866: 10856: 10829: 10823: 10811:. Retrieved 10799: 10790: 10778:. Retrieved 10766: 10757: 10745:. Retrieved 10733: 10724: 10712: 10700: 10691: 10682: 10674: 10669: 10660: 10659:Del Boca A. 10654: 10646: 10641: 10633: 10624: 10615: 10605: 10580: 10576: 10570: 10560: 10552: 10531: 10506: 10502: 10496: 10488: 10455: 10451: 10445: 10418: 10412: 10395: 10391: 10385: 10366: 10343: 10336: 10309: 10299: 10279: 10272: 10260:. Retrieved 10256:the original 10246: 10237: 10231: 10219:. Retrieved 10215: 10206: 10198: 10193: 10185: 10180: 10172: 10167: 10147: 10140: 10120: 10098:. Retrieved 10094: 10085: 10065: 10058: 10044: 10032:. Retrieved 10028: 10019: 10007: 9980: 9974: 9965: 9945: 9938: 9926: 9906: 9899: 9879: 9873: 9854: 9848: 9836:. Retrieved 9832: 9823: 9809: 9797:. Retrieved 9793: 9784: 9776: 9771: 9760:the original 9755: 9742: 9722: 9715: 9703:. Retrieved 9699: 9675: 9656: 9650: 9640: 9635: 9627: 9622: 9558: 9554: 9544: 9499: 9495: 9485: 9436: 9432: 9425: 9413:. Retrieved 9409: 9400: 9388:. Retrieved 9384: 9374: 9362:. Retrieved 9358: 9348: 9336:. Retrieved 9333:Ars Technica 9332: 9322: 9310:. Retrieved 9306: 9296: 9284:. Retrieved 9270: 9260: 9241: 9235: 9216: 9210: 9190: 9183: 9124: 9120: 9107: 9074: 9070: 9064: 9021: 9017: 9007: 8995:. Retrieved 8981: 8976:Homo sapiens 8975: 8967: 8926: 8922: 8916: 8875: 8871: 8858: 8846:. Retrieved 8836: 8817: 8811: 8799:. Retrieved 8789: 8777:. Retrieved 8773: 8763: 8753:28 September 8751:. Retrieved 8745: 8738: 8729: 8720: 8705: 8685: 8667: 8662: 8645: 8633:. Retrieved 8627: 8620: 8608:. Retrieved 8602: 8568: 8564: 8554: 8545: 8536: 8524:. Retrieved 8520: 8511: 8499:. Retrieved 8495: 8486: 8477: 8468: 8456:. Retrieved 8452: 8443: 8431:. Retrieved 8427: 8417: 8405:. Retrieved 8400: 8391: 8379:. Retrieved 8374: 8365: 8353:. Retrieved 8349: 8339: 8322: 8279: 8275: 8269: 8228: 8224: 8218: 8199: 8193: 8181:. Retrieved 8177:the original 8170: 8160: 8148:. Retrieved 8144:the original 8130: 8089: 8083: 8076: 8049: 8046:Homo sapiens 8045: 8039: 8012: 8006: 7994:. Retrieved 7989: 7959:24 September 7957:. Retrieved 7947: 7938: 7928:25 September 7926:. Retrieved 7917: 7908: 7899: 7889: 7877:. Retrieved 7860: 7848:. Retrieved 7838: 7826:. Retrieved 7817: 7789:. Retrieved 7784: 7772: 7758: 7741: 7729:. Retrieved 7724: 7715: 7703:. Retrieved 7699:the original 7690: 7656:. Retrieved 7649:the original 7644: 7632: 7623: 7614: 7602:. Retrieved 7598:the original 7572:. Retrieved 7568:the original 7563: 7554: 7542:. Retrieved 7533: 7524: 7474: 7429: 7423: 7413: 7404: 7359:Itiyoophiyaa 7318: 7247:and won the 7238: 7226:Abebe Bikila 7211: 7203:Abebe Bikila 7164:(ጽብሒ ድርሆ in 7151: 7118: 7083: 7073: 7065: 7059: 7021: 7001:Fryat Yemane 6990: 6984: 6978: 6972: 6966: 6951:Haile Gerima 6942: 6929: 6890: 6881: 6867: 6844: 6833: 6801: 6797: 6793: 6789: 6785: 6781: 6777: 6773: 6769: 6765: 6764:(Pleiades), 6761: 6760:(Iangulum), 6757: 6750:Oromo people 6747: 6743:Annunciation 6724: 6708:Ge'ez script 6701: 6681: 6663: 6659:Neway Debebe 6650: 6624: 6613: 6602: 6595: 6592:counterpoint 6572:modal system 6565: 6528: 6522: 6521:, who wrote 6519:Walda Heywat 6504: 6477:sem ena work 6476: 6469: 6463: 6442: 6431: 6427: 6421: 6414: 6399: 6370:Fasil Ghebbi 6366: 6358: 6339: 6318:Architecture 6273: 6243: 6216: 6208: 6180: 6176: 6170:Entrance of 6144: 6136:malnutrition 6133: 6112: 6067: 6040: 6013: 5989: 5943:Bakri Sapalo 5936: 5896:Ge'ez script 5893: 5881: 5874: 5787: 5781: 5662: 5644: 5636: 5617: 5609: 5605: 5589: 5567: 5518:Debre Birhan 5096: 5092: 5088: 5064:Urbanization 5058: 5053: 5040: 5005: 5001: 4989:9.30 (12.6%) 4854:19.9 (27.0%) 4838:25.4 (34.4%) 4817:Ethnic group 4785:Demographics 4776: 4768: 4760:Timnit Gebru 4752:Gebisa Ejeta 4748:Aklilu Lemma 4728: 4717: 4686:Aklilu Lemma 4644: 4579: 4565: 4561: 4557: 4538: 4534:floriculture 4523: 4515: 4436: 4414:, potatoes, 4393: 4354: 4351: 4335: 4316: 4304: 4285: 4274: 4244:civil rights 4217: 4169: 4119: 4115:water rights 4087:water rights 4072: 4022:(G-24), the 4012:Saudi Arabia 3976:Barack Obama 3942: 3891: 3886:Meles Zenawi 3842: 3836: 3823:Ethiopia is 3822: 3768: 3761: 3745: 3714: 3702:Meles Zenawi 3695: 3684: 3619: 3611:federal laws 3607:Constitution 3604: 3585: 3531: 3484: 3480: 3464: 3441: 3433: 3426: 3423: 3388:Biodiversity 3375: 3364: 3333: 3329: 3324:Mount Entoto 3316: 3274: 3243: 3228: 3205: 3123: 3117: 3090: 3082: 3027: 2997:, a violent 2992: 2965: 2943:, increased 2918: 2908: 2832: 2809: 2802:World War II 2781:Constitution 2776: 2765: 2764:and Regent ( 2761: 2750:(Ras Tafari) 2749: 2744: 2740:World War II 2651: 2639: 2628: 2581: 2511: 2491: 2485: 2469:Mikael Sehul 2464: 2446: 2434:Fasil Ghebbi 2411: 2372: 2361: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2326: 2290:Amda Seyon I 2287: 2263:Yekuno Amlak 2197: 2159: 2145:Book of Axum 2143: 2137: 2113:Agaw peoples 2110: 2083: 2038:Homo sapiens 2037: 2035: 2024: 2006: 1983: 1979:Homo sapiens 1978: 1975:Jebel Irhoud 1971:Homo sapiens 1970: 1967:Homo sapiens 1966: 1963:Middle Awash 1956: 1940:Homo sapiens 1938: 1932: 1916:Awash Valley 1911: 1901: 1898:Tim D. White 1887: 1877: 1869: 1838: 1801: 1799: 1794: 1783: 1775: 1767: 1763: 1745: 1720: 1705: 1695: 1690: 1666: 1662: 1654: 1650: 1626: 1611: 1607:Book of Axum 1605: 1603: 1598: 1594: 1587: 1568:human rights 1472:Christianity 1461: 1401:World War II 1362: 1357: 1344: 1317:Yekuno Amlak 1283: 1187: 1183: 1182: 1171:Internet TLD 1147:Calling code 1003:• Total 951:• Total 854:• Total 721: 483:Christianity 355: 215: 99: 62: 45: 29: 19730: / 19682:BRICS Cable 19636:BRICS Games 19457:China–India 19386:Xiamen 2017 19366:Durban 2013 18981:Kingdom of 18924:Beta Israel 18922:Kingdom of 18121:Falash Mura 18111:Beta Israel 17528:Land reform 17518:Foreign aid 17490:Agriculture 17419:Foreign aid 17268:Earthquakes 17133:World War I 17036:Prehistoric 16943:‹ The 16538:Gleichen AE 16180:(1): 7–13. 15840:25 December 15818:fragrances. 15754:18 December 15719:(1): 1–16. 15525:"Education" 15508:24 December 14974:10 November 14681:jj.11589102 14457:Time Europe 14266:23 December 13831:25 December 13722:12 November 13413:. allAfrica 12985:Gregory W. 12455:25 December 12247:29 November 12185:(1): 5978. 11874:28 November 11443:26 December 11221:"Article 5" 11039:13 December 11008:13 December 10968:13 December 10717:Valdes Vivo 10705:Valdes Vivo 10398:(2): 1–20. 10197:Pankhurst, 10034:31 December 9857:. Steiner. 9838:16 December 9833:photius.com 9705:20 December 9307:Smithsonian 9024:: 199–219. 8797:. Bbc.co.uk 8526:17 December 8501:23 December 7818:www.imf.org 7658:14 December 7230:Sub-Saharan 7082:, known as 7005:Hanan Tarik 6935: [ 6840:state media 6778:Obora Dikka 6774:Obora Gudda 6758:Bittottessa 6666:Aster Aweke 6655:Walias Band 6616:Arba Lijoch 6584:heterophony 6124:death rates 6116:Birth rates 6045:is part of 6024:Miaphysites 5868:languages. 5631:Addis Ababa 5214:Addis Ababa 5209:Addis Ababa 5191:Addis Ababa 5083:Sheger Park 4974:1.10 (1.5%) 4959:1.27 (1.7%) 4944:1.28 (1.7%) 4929:1.68 (2.3%) 4914:1.86 (2.5%) 4899:2.95 (4.0%) 4884:4.49 (6.1%) 4869:4.59 (6.2%) 4740:Kitaw Ejigu 4690:alternative 4632:twin cities 4541:East Africa 4472:Addis Ababa 4384:Agriculture 4362:Sobat River 4196:Yohannes IV 4182:during the 4020:Group of 24 4008:Middle East 3937:Addis Ababa 3935:located in 3922:Mahdist War 3862:of Ethiopia 3291:in Africa. 3246:Afromontane 3032:during the 2953:land reform 2909:in absentia 2824:sovereignty 2719:during the 2604:Mahdist War 2600:Yohannes IV 2592:Tewodros II 2578:Mahdist War 2535:Tewodros II 2512:Afaan Oromo 2481:Yohannes II 2353:Abba Bahrey 2337:Borena Zone 2247:Queen Gudit 2188:Middle Ages 2084:In 980 BC, 1998:Nile Valley 1986:Afroasiatic 1945:Omo remains 1922:in 1974 by 1920:Afar Region 1896:) found by 1719:, the name 1704:epigraphs, 1653:"I burn" + 1548:agriculture 1496:Group of 77 1488:Group of 24 1354:Tewodros II 1309:first Hijra 1264:Addis Ababa 1236:South Sudan 1200:East Africa 1128:Date format 1079: 0.492 824:28 May 1991 657:Lower house 642:Upper house 629:Legislature 499:0.7% other 304: / 280:Addis Ababa 19745:Categories 19727:9°N 38.7°E 19659:Gymnastics 19644:2024 Kazan 19591:Pezeshkian 19421:Kazan 2024 19356:Sanya 2011 19219:Membership 17721:Literature 17624:Healthcare 17502:(currency) 17399:Parliament 17365:Government 17205:Tigray War 17168:Ogaden War 17148:Revolution 16314:14 October 16288:14 October 16035:Al Jazeera 15914:tusker.com 15908:Doyle LR. 15470:"Literacy" 15437:Planipolis 15374:NEAEA 2022 15248:"Ethiopia" 15214:2 February 14932:(3): 550. 14809:9 February 14799:Ethnologue 14359:30 October 14317:31 January 14082:2 February 13983:. London: 13697:2 February 13464:1 February 13458:World Bank 13417:13 January 13395:13 January 13124:29 January 12915:29 January 12597:7 November 12592:Africanews 12429:7 November 12406:Lyons 1996 11989:Lepage D. 11943:Africanews 11749:2 February 11597:Al-Jazeera 11327:12 January 11297:12 January 11205:Lyons 1996 10677:, p. 1063. 10489:ICG Africa 10100:4 February 8521:World Bank 8496:World Bank 8492:"Overview" 8453:World Bank 8449:"Overview" 8428:SomTribune 7986:"Ethiopia" 7944:"Ethiopia" 7705:18 January 7604:23 October 7592:Shaban A. 7574:2 February 7544:2 February 7511:References 7395:Itiyoppiya 7385:Ítiyop'iya 7345:pronounced 7156:(ዶሮ ወጥ in 7092:, a large 7048:See also: 7017:Ruth Negga 6921:Ruth Negga 6802:Gurrandala 6780:(Sirius), 6770:Waxabajjii 6745:of Jesus. 6720:epagomenal 6682:Reflection 6674:Teddy Afro 6627:Golden Age 6576:pentatonic 6549:See also: 6515:Zera Yacob 6495:Philosophy 6376:Literature 6346:Lalibela I 6293:and other 6160:See also: 6055:Protestant 5789:Ethnologue 5640:university 5348:Arba Minch 5225:Shashamane 5054:al-Ḥabasha 4822:Population 4797:Ethiopians 4795:See also: 4667:See also: 4326:See also: 4222:, and the 4111:Nile Basin 4063:Abiy Ahmed 3918:Suez Canal 3881:Ethiopian 3737:Abiy Ahmed 3670:Abiy Ahmed 3547:, and the 3512:See also: 3494:Government 3460:vulnerable 3456:endangered 3450:ratings): 3414:Walia Ibex 3398:See also: 3266:walia ibex 3146:Tigray War 3109:until 2018 3066:See also: 3062:Tigray War 2995:Red Terror 2990:and navy. 2976:Ogaden War 2931:, the new 2891:Red Terror 2873:See also: 2768:) for the 2721:Korean War 2681:ideology. 2671:rinderpest 2634:, Gurage, 2610:, king of 2608:Menelik II 2551:Menelik II 2465:Quaregnoch 2380:Susenyos I 2376:Pedro Paez 2310:Zara Yaqob 2261:noble man 2241:, claimed 2162:Frumentius 1949:Omo Kibish 1825:Prehistory 1717: 850 1689:as ኢትዮጵያ, 1663:burnt-face 1582:See also: 1498:, and the 1393:Somaliland 1365:Menelik II 1198:region of 1131:dd/mm/yyyy 1054: 35.0 913:73,750,932 878:Population 772:9 May 1936 729:7 May 1769 589:Abiy Ahmed 550:Government 538:Demonym(s) 228:(English: 54:given name 50:patronymic 19654:Badminton 19649:Athletics 19603:Al Nahyan 19555:Ramaphosa 19137:Dynasties 19032:Bahargamo 18859:Mai-Tsade 18618:Mogadishu 18517:Baltimore 18472:Australia 18421:Jamaicans 18365:Shanqella 18355:Nyangatom 18263:Wolaitans 18013:Daasanach 17658:Languages 17599:Education 17558:Transport 17508:Companies 17447:Air Force 17409:Elections 17370:President 17301:Governors 17263:Volcanoes 17248:Mountains 17227:Geography 17163:Civil War 16536:Cana FR, 16420:155079488 16337:1 January 16283:0261-3077 16254:3 January 16232:3 January 16194:2234-246X 16067:14 August 16041:14 August 16015:14 August 15971:14 August 15866:9 January 15672:2 January 15642:2 January 15616:2 January 15576:0080-4649 15394:Engel J. 14954:162289324 14776:30 August 14408:30 August 14379:ignored ( 14369:cite book 14241:9 January 14216:9 January 14166:13 August 14140:5 October 13915:8 January 13516:14 August 13167:3 January 13037:14 August 13014:USA Today 12970:1 January 12965:agoa.info 12892:1789-0446 12680:0740-9133 12391:8 January 12209:2041-1723 11997:6 October 11993:. Avibase 11868:ReliefWeb 11850:155380174 11510:France 24 11262:0362-4331 10875:0362-4331 10808:0362-4331 10775:0362-4331 10742:0362-4331 10707:, p. 115. 10547:pp. 13–14 10184:Getamun, 9999:962017017 9799:9 January 9680:Munro-Hay 9615:Munro-Hay 9477:199505803 9461:0036-8075 9415:16 August 9390:16 August 9364:16 August 9338:16 August 9312:16 August 9286:16 August 9281:0362-4331 9137:CiteSeerX 9099:163491760 9048:1095-8606 8733:Acts 8:27 8714:Aethiopia 8651:this list 8631:. Perseus 8577:1543-4133 8381:1 January 8306:1369-6815 8297:1887/9486 8261:162029676 8245:0009-6407 8068:0028-0836 8031:819506475 7516:Citations 7335:romanized 7259:in 1949. 7120:Chechebsa 7097:flatbread 7094:sourdough 6992:Lambadina 6739:Gregorian 6725:Like the 6684:in 2018. 6620:Jerusalem 6580:polyphony 6511:Patristic 6295:metalwork 6150:Education 5834:Tigrayans 5784:Glottolog 5650:Languages 5439:Dire Dawa 5434:Dire Dawa 5400:Bahir Dar 5218:3,352,000 5036:Tigrayans 5020:Tigrayans 4875:Tigrayans 4781:in 2023. 4640:Kombolcha 4570:Transport 4430:Okra and 4416:sugarcane 4358:Blue Nile 4288:inflation 4004:Australia 3743:in 2019. 3662:President 3588:judiciary 3549:President 3342:, in the 3254:Blue Nile 3250:Lake Tana 3188:Geography 3025:(EPRDF). 2988:air force 2959:from the 2941:feudalism 2811:Arbegnoch 2798:Arbegnoch 2754:Lij Iyasu 2736:Roosevelt 2504:Wara Sheh 2414:Fasilides 2341:Moggaasaa 2211:Dhu Nuwas 2178:Silk Road 2048:Antiquity 2042:Gademotta 2031:mole rats 2002:Near East 2000:, or the 1990:Neolithic 1912:Dinkinesh 1721:Aethiopia 1706:Aethiopia 1691:ʾĪtyōṗṗyā 1671:Herodotus 1667:red-brown 1613:Ityopp'is 1584:Aethiopia 1578:Etymology 1403:, it was 1337:Menelik I 1289:Near East 1248:Northwest 1216:northeast 1137:Drives on 1110:Time zone 993:(nominal) 670:Formation 568:President 543:Ethiopian 501:Christian 469:Religion 19751:Ethiopia 19621:2016 Goa 19381:Goa 2016 19376:Ufa 2015 19306:Ethiopia 19047:Kambaata 18947:Waldebba 18844:Hamasien 18839:Gheralta 18834:Entitcho 18809:Begemder 18779:Ambassel 18643:Aymallal 18633:Arababni 18416:Italians 18401:Armenian 18258:Shinasha 18160:Tigrayan 18043:Kambaata 17985:Cushitic 17840:Ethiopia 17781:Category 17736:Religion 17673:Polygamy 17629:Maternal 17538:Taxation 17429:Military 17341:Politics 17020:articles 17016:Ethiopia 16960:Ethiopia 16945:template 16917:Ethiopia 16906:Ethiopia 16751:(1999). 16708:(1968). 16540:(1911). 16212:26760739 16062:Newsweek 16009:BBC News 15966:Newsweek 15855:Aga MT. 15743:Aga MT. 15592:46723065 15473:Archived 15379:4 August 15354:4 August 15303:28603550 15185:16 March 15068:16 March 14803:Archived 14711:Archived 14634:20 April 14544:Archived 14312:EthnoMed 14292:23 March 14191:25 March 14110:16 March 14056:16 March 13977:Archived 13909:Archived 13886:BBC News 13806:10 March 13778:10 March 13750:10 March 13673:30715125 13564:16 March 13144:The Week 13062:Archived 12993:14 April 12843:26586251 12688:41931114 12617:CNN News 12573:BBC News 12553:8 August 12385:Archived 12227:33293507 12058:Archived 12025:Archived 11658:Archived 11653:BBC News 11579:BBC News 11561:BBC News 11466:28 March 11404:27 April 11350:BBC News 11321:Archived 11317:BBC News 11291:Archived 11287:BBC News 11192:BBC News 11139:and the 10848:25316141 10719:, p. 21. 10437:14069361 10404:41967469 10374:Archived 10262:16 March 9595:31071181 9555:PLOS ONE 9536:24236011 9496:PLOS ONE 9469:31395781 9301:Katz B. 9175:13350469 9167:12714734 9056:28552208 8974:"Oldest 8951:12802332 8900:15716951 8848:23 March 8801:16 March 8635:16 March 8610:9 August 8585:27828841 8433:10 March 8407:10 March 8183:16 March 8150:16 March 8122:53541133 8114:18292342 7922:Archived 7879:13 March 7828:17 April 7538:Archived 7373:Tigrinya 7368:Itoobiya 7341:Ītyōṗṗyā 7263:See also 7234:Marathon 7174:dumpling 7166:Tigrinya 7153:Doro Wot 7132:Michirra 7099:made of 7030:and the 6968:Selanchi 6731:leap day 6688:Calendar 6574:that is 6438:exorcism 6362:Lalibela 6342:Lalibela 6283:painting 6073:Muhammad 6051:P'ent'ay 6001:Shafi'is 5997:the Shia 5953:Religion 5830:Tigrinya 5798:Cushitic 5724:Wolaytta 5704:Tigrinya 5561:103,522 5527:107,827 5493:115,741 5459:119,276 5425:133,000 5391:141,352 5357:151,013 5323:253,322 5289:153,847 5280:Bishoftu 5234:154,587 4608: in 4584:and the 4549:Djibouti 4408:oilseeds 4378:Gibe III 4298:, large 4206:, and a 4204:Airforce 4144:Military 4107:Tanzania 4026:and the 3762:de facto 3725:resigned 3633:Politics 3361:below 0. 3268:and the 3214:and the 3150:violence 3130:COVID-19 2945:literacy 2777:de facto 2766:Inderase 2549:Emperor 2533:Emperor 2457:Mentewab 2453:Iyasu II 2357:Dawit II 2345:Liqimssa 2267:Yetbarak 2255:Lalibela 2217:and the 2015:site in 1994:urheimat 1590:Ethiopis 1558:and the 1423:Emperor 1421:deposing 1323:and the 1212:Djibouti 1184:Ethiopia 1095:Currency 495:P'ent'ay 418:Tigrayan 344:Tigrinya 161:Tigrinya 19732:9; 38.7 19718:38°42′E 19670:Related 19567:El-Sisi 19492:Leaders 19339:Summits 19088:Welayta 19016:Wolayta 19001:Janjero 18972:Wolqayt 18967:Tsegede 18932:Dembiya 18874:Tselemt 18864:Tembien 18849:Haramat 18829:Enderta 18824:Dembela 18819:Delanta 18758:Tankish 18748:Sharkha 18668:Dankali 18653:Baqulin 18638:Argobba 18482:Denmark 18406:Chinese 18315:Kichepo 18198:Basketo 18106:Argobba 18093:Semitic 18073:Somalis 17765:Outline 17711:Cuisine 17698:Culture 17634:Women's 17609:Famines 17572:Society 17548:Tourism 17478:Economy 17394:Council 17358:history 17313:Woredas 17296:Regions 17240:Geology 17116:1887–89 17061:Emperor 17028:History 16947:below ( 16896:Scholia 16681:and WP 16457:3 March 16203:4597829 15942:28 June 15556:Bibcode 15485:cia.gov 15294:5465569 15002:27 July 14733:24 June 14004:21 June 13947:21 June 13865:21 June 13799:Reuters 13664:6526316 13622:24 June 13592:24 June 13542:8 April 13511:W7 News 13490:24 June 13484:Reuters 13438:24 June 13370:27 July 13242:Reuters 13118:Origins 12814:9 April 12788:9 April 12762:9 April 12737:9 April 12711:9 April 12543:Reuters 12522:28 July 12494:Reuters 12475:Reuters 12218:7723057 12187:Bibcode 12146:4920324 11828:Bibcode 11677:Reuters 11154:17 June 10880:17 June 10813:17 June 10780:17 June 10747:17 June 10597:5326887 10472:3993156 9682:, p. 13 9617:, p. 57 9586:6508696 9563:Bibcode 9527:3827237 9504:Bibcode 9441:Bibcode 9433:Science 9385:Gizmodo 9159:3834351 9129:Bibcode 9121:Science 9091:1357309 9026:Bibcode 8959:4432091 8931:Bibcode 8908:1454595 8880:Bibcode 8779:2 March 8670:1.22–4. 8668:Odyssey 8666:Homer, 8653:at the 8546:Africaw 8458:13 June 8314:1771876 8253:3160789 8094:Bibcode 8085:Science 7996:5 April 7850:16 July 7731:19 July 7337:: 7326:Amharic 7222:Olympic 7158:Amharic 7038:Cuisine 6963:Amharic 6953:, 6947:Zewditu 6882:Amharic 6863:Fana TV 6854:Amharic 6850:dubbing 6846:Kana TV 6790:Sadasaa 6678:Rophnan 6529:Inquiry 6433:debtera 6312:Western 6306:in the 6287:crosses 6226:Culture 6005:Salafis 5920:Unicode 5900:abugida 5866:Argobba 5846:Hadiyya 5822:Amharic 5818:Somalis 5802:Semitic 5796:of the 5776:(11.7%) 5754:Hadiyya 5686:(29.3%) 5684:Amharic 5676:(33.8%) 5545:164,321 5511:186,148 5484:Nekemte 5477:198,428 5443:285,000 5409:297,794 5382:Hosaena 5375:318,618 5366:Hawassa 5341:338,940 5307:340,858 5298:Mek'ele 5273:341,991 5244:Mek'ele 5032:Somalis 4985: 4970: 4955: 4940: 4925: 4920:Welayta 4910: 4895: 4880: 4865: 4850: 4833: 4716:called 4714:hominin 4603:⁄ 4545:Somalia 4449:Exports 4420:Vavilov 4412:cereals 4404:legumes 4251:Economy 4180:Massawa 4103:Burundi 4069:in 2023 3906:incense 3856:regions 3854:Map of 3838:woredas 3829:regions 3551:is the 3543:is the 3534:federal 3444:endemic 3295:Climate 3258:endemic 3239:steppes 3208:Bolivia 3093:Eritrea 2923:by the 2921:deposed 2843:annexed 2773:Zewditu 2636:Welayta 2477:Iyoas I 2449:Iyasu I 2430:Fremona 2213:of the 2106:Red Sea 2102:Sabaean 2090:Eritrea 2074:Endubis 2069:of the 2026:Science 2021:hypoxia 1884:hominid 1808:History 1795:Habsyah 1784:Ḥabasha 1782:and as 1772:demonym 1741:Kandake 1687:Amharic 1679:Ecumene 1564:poverty 1482:. This 1389:Eritrea 1351:Emperor 1329:Solomon 1272:African 1260:Nigeria 1246:to the 1238:to the 1230:to the 1222:to the 1220:Somalia 1214:to the 1206:to the 1204:Eritrea 1190:, is a 1086: ( 830:• 817:• 804:• 791:• 778:• 761:• 748:• 735:• 720:• 707:• 694:• 681:• 655:• 640:• 611:• 596:• 581:• 566:• 436:Welayta 324:Amharic 292:38°45′E 273:Capital 216:Anthem: 82:Amharic 41:Ethopia 19715:9°00′N 19246:Russia 19234:Brazil 19101:Events 19062:Sigamo 19057:Sidamo 19037:Buzamo 18996:Enarya 18957:Wegera 18952:Semien 18942:Gojjam 18898:Efrata 18884:Semada 18879:Salowa 18869:Tigray 18794:Amhara 18763:Werjih 18743:Qita'a 18738:Nagash 18713:Hadiya 18708:Gurage 18703:Gidaya 18693:Gabaal 18688:Dawaro 18678:Belgin 18663:Dobe'a 18658:Dahlak 18598:Ajuran 18579:States 18502:Sweden 18497:Norway 18487:Israel 18477:Canada 18411:Greeks 18330:Majang 18180:Omotic 18155:Wolane 18150:Silt'e 18145:Harari 18128:Gurage 18101:Amhara 18078:Tsamai 18068:Sidama 18058:Qemant 18033:Hadiya 18003:Arbore 17741:Sports 17668:People 17619:Health 17513:Energy 17323:Kebele 17318:Cities 17253:Rivers 17126:Second 17018: 16964:Curlie 16950:Curlie 16898:has a 16840:. 16821: 16759: 16737: 16722: 16698: 16663: 16647: 16626: 16607: 16580: 16564: 16525: 16495: 16476: 16440: 16418: 16383: 16333:. FIFA 16281: 16210: 16200: 16192: 16135:5 July 16110:5 July 15891: 15809: 15779: 15590: 15582: 15574: 15416:13 May 15326: 15301: 15291: 15277:: 38. 15163:16 May 15138:1 July 15093: 15044: 15018: 14952: 14946:616613 14944: 14894: 14869:27 May 14851:FDRE. 14834: 14679: 14669: 14468:5 June 14350: 14030:2 June 13671: 13661: 13321: 13100:Nature 13081:Quartz 12890: 12841: 12686: 12678: 12272: 12225: 12215: 12207: 12143: 11974:23 May 11948:23 May 11922:23 May 11900:23 May 11848: 11723:18 May 11697:18 May 11438:News24 11267:2 July 11260: 11234:2 July 11230:. WIPO 11079: 10903: 10873: 10846: 10836: 10806: 10773: 10740: 10595: 10543: 10523:216612 10521: 10470: 10435: 10425: 10402: 10354: 10324: 10287: 10221:5 June 10188:, p. 5 10155: 10128: 10073: 9997: 9987: 9953: 9914: 9887: 9861: 9730: 9663: 9593: 9583: 9534: 9524: 9475: 9467: 9459: 9279: 9248: 9223: 9198: 9173: 9165: 9157: 9139: 9097: 9089: 9054: 9046: 8997:5 July 8983:Nature 8957: 8949: 8923:Nature 8906: 8898: 8872:Nature 8824: 8693: 8583: 8575: 8355:25 May 8312: 8304: 8259: 8251: 8243: 8206: 8120: 8112: 8066: 8051:Nature 8029: 8019: 7965: 7791:7 July 7564:Nazret 7494: 7492: 7483: 7481: 7461: 7459: 7450: 7448: 7438: 7436: 7364:Somali 7182:Amhara 7160:) and 7148:Gurage 7136:Dhanga 7128:Chukko 7106:gursha 7090:injera 7061:injera 6974:Difret 6899:Cinema 6884:) and 6858:EBS TV 6798:Ammaji 6794:Abrasa 6786:Cikawa 6735: 6651:tizita 6603:Saint 6597:tizita 6524:Hatata 6466:poetry 6449:Poetry 6443:sensul 6424:scroll 6122:, and 6091:Health 5977:UNESCO 5937:Other 5890:Script 5870:Arabic 5864:, and 5862:Silt'e 5858:Harari 5838:Sidamo 5828:, and 5826:Amhara 5814:Somali 5812:, and 5772: 5770: 5766:(1.5%) 5762: 5760: 5756:(1.7%) 5752: 5750: 5746:(1.7%) 5742: 5740: 5736:(2.0%) 5734:Gurage 5732: 5730: 5726:(2.2%) 5722: 5720: 5716:(4.0%) 5714:Sidamo 5712: 5710: 5706:(5.9%) 5702: 5700: 5696:(6.2%) 5694:Somali 5692: 5690: 5682: 5680: 5672: 5670: 5557:Oromia 5552:Asella 5541:Somali 5536:Jijiga 5523:Amhara 5507:Oromia 5489:Oromia 5473:Amhara 5468:Dessie 5421:Harari 5405:Amhara 5337:Oromia 5303:Tigray 5285:Oromia 5269:Amhara 5264:Gondar 5230:Oromia 5201:Gondar 5173:Region 5157:Region 5106: 5050:Arabic 5048:. The 5028:Amhara 5016:Somali 5012:Amhara 4980:Others 4950:Hadiya 4905:Gurage 4890:Sidama 4860:Somali 4845:Amhara 4764:Time's 4636:Dessie 4551:, and 4526:cattle 4518:coffee 4428:coffee 4400:coffee 4366:Atbara 4226:. The 4166:, 2021 4164:AMISOM 4105:, and 4099:Rwanda 4095:Uganda 4046:, the 4042:, the 4016:Israel 4000:Canada 3996:Sweden 3990:, the 3957:Turkey 3953:Mexico 3949:Israel 3844:kebele 3817:, and 3731:and a 3506:, and 3458:, and 3340:Dallol 3277:Dallol 3264:, the 3262:gelada 3182:Merawi 3154:famine 3132:. The 3060:, and 2980:Ogaden 2893:, and 2705:, and 2632:Sidama 2586:, and 2584:Gojjam 2576:, and 2422:Gondar 2364:Melbah 2298:Gojjam 2259:Amhara 2235:Adulis 2208:Jewish 2170:slaves 1802:Habash 1788:Arabic 1780:Sabaic 1729:Hebrew 1675:Sahara 1634:Αἰθίοψ 1514:, the 1510:, the 1506:, the 1494:, the 1490:, the 1415:. The 1356:ended 1276:Somali 1258:after 1242:, and 1070:(2022) 1068: 1045:(2015) 1043: 991: 935: 701:400 BC 688:980 BC 524:others 510:31.3% 493:22.8% 487:43.8% 481:67.3% 471:(2016) 460:others 458:12.6% 442:Hadiya 430:Gurage 424:Sidama 412:Somali 406:Amhara 404:26.9% 398:34.5% 391:(2007) 373:Sidama 368:Harari 339:Somali 218: 206:Emblem 157: 147:Somali 143: 126: 109: 78: 19579:Ahmed 19519:Putin 19294:Egypt 19270:China 19258:India 19211:BRICS 19011:Sheka 19006:Kaffa 18991:Dawro 18983:Damot 18962:Qwara 18937:Gafat 18908:Shire 18902:Geshe 18894:Shewa 18889:Serae 18854:Lasta 18814:Bugna 18799:Angot 18784:Agame 18723:Jarin 18718:Harar 18673:Bazin 18623:Tunni 18492:Italy 18380:Tirma 18375:Surma 18370:Shita 18360:Shabo 18345:Mursi 18340:Murle 18335:Mekan 18325:Kwegu 18320:Kwama 18310:Gumuz 18305:Berta 18295:Anuak 18273:Zayse 18268:Yemsa 18253:Maale 18248:Koore 18243:Konta 18238:Hamar 18223:Dorze 18213:Dawro 18208:Chara 18203:Bench 18193:Banna 18165:Werji 18083:Weyto 18053:Oromo 18048:Konso 18028:Gedeo 18023:Gabra 18018:Danta 17860:Aksum 17772:Index 17731:Music 17726:Media 17688:Women 17500:Birr 17495:Banks 17308:Zones 17278:Fauna 17273:Flora 17258:Lakes 17121:First 16971:from 16900:topic 16864:from 16451:(PDF) 16434:(PDF) 16416:S2CID 15588:S2CID 15584:11482 15523:UIS. 15457:(PDF) 15410:(PDF) 15399:(PDF) 15204:(PDF) 14997:(PDF) 14950:S2CID 14942:JSTOR 14863:(PDF) 14856:(PDF) 14677:JSTOR 14565:(PDF) 14011:chic. 14000:. BBC 13391:. IMF 13389:(PDF) 13342:(PDF) 13298:(PDF) 13031:(PDF) 12839:JSTOR 12783:IDEES 12684:JSTOR 11846:S2CID 11224:(PDF) 11119:(PDF) 10519:JSTOR 10468:JSTOR 10400:JSTOR 10348:(PDF) 9763:(PDF) 9752:(PDF) 9473:S2CID 9171:S2CID 9155:JSTOR 9117:(PDF) 9095:S2CID 9087:JSTOR 8955:S2CID 8904:S2CID 8868:(PDF) 8581:JSTOR 8331:(PDF) 8310:JSTOR 8257:S2CID 8249:JSTOR 8118:S2CID 7992:. CIA 7869:(PDF) 7781:(PDF) 7750:(PDF) 7652:(PDF) 7641:(PDF) 7377:ኢትዮጵያ 7355:Oromo 7330:ኢትዮጵያ 7310:Notes 7188:Sport 7170:Tihlo 7144:Kitfo 7140:Oromo 7124:Marqa 7080:stews 6939:] 6808:Media 6782:Birra 6762:Camsa 6605:Yared 6588:drone 6560:Yared 6539:Music 6507:Greek 6428:ketab 6417:codex 6409:Greek 6405:Ge'ez 6291:icons 6077:Mecca 6034:(see 5947:Oromo 5904:abjad 5810:Oromo 5674:Oromo 5502:Jimma 5455:SNNPR 5416:Harar 5387:SNNPR 5371:SNNPR 5353:SNNPR 5332:Adama 5319:SNNPR 5254:Adama 5164:Rank 5161:Pop. 5148:Rank 5024:Oromo 5008:Oromo 4828:Oromo 4719:Selam 4624:Awash 4622:(via 4553:Kenya 4443:maize 4424:enset 4091:Kenya 4079:Egypt 4075:Sudan 3988:Italy 3961:India 3945:China 3902:ivory 3860:zones 3833:zones 3783:EPRDF 3687:mixed 2612:Shewa 2588:Shewa 2500:Yejju 2329:Oromo 2302:Zelia 2200:Ezana 2182:ivory 2117:Ge'ez 1792:Malay 1760:Ge'ez 1756:Ezana 1710:Nubia 1702:Roman 1698:Greco 1683:Homer 1651:eithō 1629:Greek 1524:BRICS 1476:Islam 1377:Italy 1373:Egypt 1244:Sudan 1232:South 1228:Kenya 1208:north 1141:right 1088:176th 1033:159th 981:159th 925:123rd 847:Area 765:into 522:0.8% 516:0.6% 512:Islam 452:1.5% 446:1.7% 440:1.7% 434:2.3% 428:2.5% 422:4.0% 416:6.1% 410:6.2% 400:Oromo 334:Oromo 289:9°1′N 130:Oromo 19531:Modi 19507:Lula 19318:Iran 19042:Garo 18804:Bahr 18733:Mora 18728:Maya 18698:Ganz 18683:Dara 18648:Bale 18613:Ifat 18593:Adal 18350:Nuer 18300:Bare 18233:Gofa 18228:Gamo 18218:Dizi 18188:Aari 18063:Saho 18038:Irob 17998:Agaw 17993:Afar 17915:Tiya 17715:wine 17646:LGBT 17614:Flag 17462:Navy 17387:list 17375:list 17158:Derg 17066:list 16819:ISBN 16757:ISBN 16735:ISBN 16720:ISBN 16696:ISBN 16661:ISBN 16645:ISBN 16624:ISBN 16605:ISBN 16578:ISBN 16562:ISBN 16523:ISBN 16493:ISBN 16474:ISBN 16459:2012 16438:ISBN 16381:ISBN 16339:2024 16316:2019 16290:2019 16279:ISSN 16256:2013 16234:2013 16208:PMID 16190:ISSN 16137:2022 16112:2022 16069:2017 16043:2017 16017:2017 15973:2017 15944:2021 15889:ISBN 15868:2022 15842:2021 15807:ISBN 15777:ISBN 15756:2021 15674:2022 15644:2022 15618:2022 15580:PMID 15572:ISSN 15510:2015 15418:2015 15381:2022 15356:2022 15348:WENR 15324:ISBN 15299:PMID 15216:2008 15187:2009 15165:2015 15140:2016 15091:ISBN 15070:2009 15042:ISBN 15004:2017 14976:2006 14892:ISBN 14871:2021 14832:ISBN 14811:2013 14778:2023 14735:2016 14667:ISBN 14636:2016 14595:link 14470:2005 14438:2019 14410:2021 14381:help 14361:2023 14348:ISBN 14319:2022 14294:2024 14286:Time 14268:2021 14243:2022 14218:2022 14193:2016 14168:2017 14142:2016 14112:2009 14084:2007 14058:2009 14032:2010 14006:2007 13949:2007 13917:2017 13867:2007 13833:2021 13808:2024 13780:2024 13752:2024 13724:2013 13699:2008 13669:PMID 13624:2016 13594:2016 13566:2009 13544:2014 13518:2019 13492:2016 13466:2016 13440:2016 13419:2013 13397:2013 13372:2021 13319:ISBN 13169:2022 13126:2022 13039:2024 12995:2021 12972:2022 12917:2022 12888:ISSN 12884:XIII 12816:2024 12790:2024 12764:2024 12739:2024 12713:2024 12676:ISSN 12599:2017 12555:2016 12524:2015 12457:2007 12431:2017 12423:IRIN 12393:2017 12270:ISBN 12249:2020 12223:PMID 12205:ISSN 11999:2013 11976:2019 11950:2019 11924:2019 11902:2019 11876:2020 11751:2008 11725:2024 11699:2024 11543:2020 11518:2020 11492:2020 11468:2020 11445:2020 11406:2019 11380:2018 11329:2017 11299:2017 11269:2021 11258:ISSN 11236:2015 11156:2021 11077:ISBN 11041:2017 11010:2017 10970:2017 10901:ISBN 10882:2021 10871:ISSN 10844:OCLC 10834:ISBN 10815:2021 10804:ISSN 10782:2021 10771:ISSN 10749:2021 10738:ISSN 10593:PMID 10562:Time 10541:ISBN 10433:OCLC 10423:ISBN 10352:ISBN 10322:ISBN 10285:ISBN 10264:2009 10223:2022 10153:ISBN 10126:ISBN 10102:2022 10071:ISBN 10036:2021 9995:OCLC 9985:ISBN 9951:ISBN 9912:ISBN 9885:ISBN 9859:ISBN 9840:2021 9801:2022 9728:ISBN 9707:2021 9661:ISBN 9591:PMID 9532:PMID 9465:PMID 9457:ISSN 9417:2019 9392:2019 9366:2019 9340:2019 9314:2019 9288:2019 9277:ISSN 9246:ISBN 9221:ISBN 9196:ISBN 9163:PMID 9052:PMID 9044:ISSN 8999:2017 8947:PMID 8896:PMID 8850:2017 8822:ISBN 8803:2009 8781:2011 8755:2016 8691:ISBN 8637:2009 8612:2014 8573:ISSN 8528:2018 8503:2021 8460:2022 8435:2022 8409:2022 8383:2024 8357:2021 8302:ISSN 8241:ISSN 8204:ISBN 8185:2009 8152:2009 8110:PMID 8064:ISSN 8027:OCLC 8017:ISBN 7998:2021 7961:2022 7930:2020 7881:2024 7852:2021 7830:2024 7793:2024 7733:2021 7707:2013 7660:2020 7606:2020 7576:2021 7546:2021 7496:Fano 7465:and 7391:Afar 7253:1962 7239:The 7134:and 7110:pork 7101:teff 7015:and 6989:and 6980:Lamb 6834:The 6826:The 6816:and 6766:Bufa 6696:and 6672:and 6670:Gigi 6645:and 6566:The 6509:and 6487:and 6471:Qene 6407:and 6332:The 6253:Arts 6219:UNDP 6201:The 6129:UNDP 6099:and 6041:The 6009:Sufi 5967:The 5930:and 5914:and 5848:and 5842:Afar 5764:Gamo 5744:Afar 5450:Dila 5314:Sodo 5177:Pop. 5168:Name 5152:Name 5072:and 5034:and 5018:and 4965:Gamo 4935:Afar 4799:and 4754:and 4530:khat 4439:gold 4432:teff 4364:and 4344:The 4330:and 4228:NISS 4208:Navy 4200:Army 4192:Gura 4152:and 4077:and 4052:NGOs 4014:and 4002:and 3994:and 3967:and 3959:and 3931:The 3898:gold 3858:and 3785:and 3696:The 3613:and 3578:The 3448:IUCN 3402:and 3353:The 3303:and 3222:and 3152:and 3009:. A 2972:USSR 2925:Derg 2879:Derg 2394:and 2368:Bale 2362:luba 2349:gada 2343:and 2335:and 2333:Guji 2280:The 2166:Tyre 2150:Mani 2130:The 2098:Yeha 2094:Punt 2086:Dʿmt 2056:and 2054:Dʿmt 1908:Lucy 1894:Ardi 1768:Ḥbśt 1766:and 1764:Ḥbšt 1733:Kush 1643:and 1640:αἴθω 1627:The 1622:Axum 1443:and 1417:Derg 1391:and 1375:and 1331:and 1301:D'mt 1274:and 1240:West 1224:East 1152:+251 1099:Birr 1041:Gini 1014:59th 962:55th 896:13th 860:26th 793:Derg 755:1904 714:1270 683:Dʿmt 528:none 454:Gamo 448:Afar 329:Afar 192:Flag 113:Afar 18913:Wag 18170:Zay 18008:Awi 17838:in 17706:Art 16962:at 16873:CIA 16716:N.B 16408:doi 16198:PMC 16182:doi 15721:doi 15564:doi 15552:194 15479:in 15289:PMC 15279:doi 15038:342 14934:doi 14659:doi 14577:doi 14403:CIA 14340:doi 13659:PMC 13651:doi 13647:123 13586:CNN 12668:doi 12213:PMC 12195:doi 12141:PMC 12133:doi 12129:283 11836:doi 10962:BBC 10585:doi 10511:doi 10460:doi 10314:doi 9581:PMC 9571:doi 9522:PMC 9512:doi 9449:doi 9437:365 9410:UPI 9147:doi 9125:300 9079:doi 9075:280 9034:doi 9022:108 8988:doi 8939:doi 8927:423 8888:doi 8876:433 8350:BBC 8292:hdl 8284:doi 8233:doi 8102:doi 8090:319 8056:doi 8048:". 7695:CSA 7251:in 7085:wat 7067:wat 6038:). 6003:or 5986:". 5800:or 4634:of 4396:GDP 4281:IMF 4236:EFP 4028:G77 3416:in 2762:Ras 2640:Ras 2492:Ras 2461:Ras 1918:of 1786:in 1776:ḥbs 1696:In 1655:ōps 1592:. 1538:in 1176:.et 1121:EAT 1115:UTC 1103:ETB 1083:low 1066:HDI 989:GDP 939:PPP 933:GDP 872:0.7 19747:: 19543:Xi 18900:, 16925:. 16919:. 16871:. 16847:. 16546:. 16414:. 16404:34 16402:. 16398:. 16306:. 16277:. 16273:. 16206:. 16196:. 16188:. 16178:34 16176:. 16172:. 16153:. 16128:. 16103:. 16085:. 16060:. 16033:. 16007:. 15989:. 15964:. 15952:^ 15935:. 15912:. 15859:. 15833:. 15815:. 15785:. 15747:. 15733:^ 15717:58 15715:. 15711:. 15697:^ 15660:. 15634:. 15608:. 15586:. 15578:. 15570:. 15562:. 15550:. 15546:. 15527:. 15501:. 15483:. 15435:. 15401:. 15372:. 15346:. 15297:. 15287:. 15275:11 15273:. 15269:. 15250:. 15232:. 15206:. 15156:. 15131:. 15040:. 14984:^ 14948:. 14940:. 14930:44 14928:. 14797:. 14786:^ 14769:. 14689:^ 14675:. 14665:. 14603:^ 14591:}} 14587:{{ 14571:. 14567:. 14524:^ 14509:^ 14454:. 14429:. 14412:. 14401:. 14397:. 14373:: 14371:}} 14367:{{ 14346:. 14310:. 14284:. 14259:. 14234:. 14209:. 14184:. 14128:. 14008:. 13961:^ 13951:. 13933:. 13903:. 13884:. 13824:. 13796:. 13769:. 13741:. 13707:^ 13689:. 13667:. 13657:. 13645:. 13641:. 13610:. 13583:. 13509:. 13482:. 13456:. 13362:. 13344:. 13277:. 13259:. 13239:. 13218:. 13200:. 13160:. 13142:. 13116:. 13098:. 13078:. 13060:. 13056:. 13012:. 12963:. 12908:. 12882:. 12878:. 12859:. 12835:11 12833:. 12807:. 12781:. 12755:. 12729:. 12704:. 12682:. 12674:. 12662:. 12658:. 12615:. 12590:. 12571:. 12541:. 12515:. 12511:. 12492:. 12473:. 12421:. 12379:. 12354:^ 12221:. 12211:. 12203:. 12193:. 12183:11 12181:. 12177:. 12139:. 12127:. 12123:. 12098:^ 11967:. 11941:. 11893:. 11866:. 11844:. 11834:. 11822:. 11818:. 11799:. 11767:. 11716:. 11675:. 11656:. 11650:. 11631:. 11613:. 11595:. 11577:. 11559:. 11534:. 11508:. 11483:. 11436:. 11397:. 11366:. 11348:. 11337:^ 11315:. 11285:. 11252:. 11226:. 11212:^ 11190:. 11172:. 11143:: 11121:. 11099:. 11027:. 11001:. 10960:. 10942:. 10923:. 10869:. 10865:. 10842:. 10798:. 10765:. 10732:. 10690:. 10614:. 10591:. 10581:21 10579:. 10559:. 10517:. 10505:. 10480:^ 10466:. 10456:19 10454:. 10431:. 10394:. 10320:. 10312:. 10308:. 10214:. 10110:^ 10093:. 10027:. 9993:. 9831:. 9792:. 9754:. 9698:. 9687:^ 9603:^ 9589:. 9579:. 9569:. 9559:14 9557:. 9553:. 9530:. 9520:. 9510:. 9498:. 9494:. 9471:. 9463:. 9455:. 9447:. 9435:. 9408:. 9383:. 9357:. 9331:. 9305:. 9275:. 9269:. 9169:. 9161:. 9153:. 9145:. 9135:. 9119:. 9093:. 9085:. 9073:. 9050:. 9042:. 9032:. 9020:. 9016:. 8986:. 8980:. 8953:. 8945:. 8937:. 8925:. 8902:. 8894:. 8886:. 8874:. 8870:. 8772:. 8675:^ 8593:^ 8579:. 8567:. 8563:. 8544:. 8519:. 8494:. 8476:. 8451:. 8426:. 8399:. 8373:. 8348:. 8308:. 8300:. 8290:. 8280:11 8278:. 8255:. 8247:. 8239:. 8227:. 8169:. 8138:. 8116:. 8108:. 8100:. 8088:. 8062:. 8054:. 8025:. 7988:. 7973:^ 7946:. 7920:. 7916:. 7898:. 7871:. 7820:. 7816:. 7801:^ 7783:. 7723:. 7693:. 7689:. 7668:^ 7643:. 7622:. 7584:^ 7562:. 7532:. 7393:: 7379:, 7375:: 7366:: 7357:: 7332:, 7328:: 7142:. 7130:, 7126:, 7122:, 7019:. 7011:, 7007:, 7003:, 6999:, 6983:, 6977:, 6971:, 6937:it 6888:. 6876:, 6872:, 6668:, 6641:, 6637:, 6633:, 6611:. 6600:. 6586:, 6535:. 6491:. 6483:, 6289:, 6285:, 6281:, 6118:, 5949:. 5934:. 5926:, 5886:. 5860:, 5856:, 5844:, 5840:, 5548:20 5532:10 5514:19 5480:18 5446:17 5412:16 5378:15 5344:14 5310:13 5276:12 5221:11 5014:, 5010:, 4750:, 4746:, 4742:, 4642:. 4610:) 4547:, 4434:. 4426:, 4410:, 4406:, 4402:, 4360:, 4202:, 4101:, 4097:, 4093:, 3955:, 3951:, 3947:, 3924:. 3900:, 3835:, 3831:, 3813:, 3809:, 3766:. 3735:. 3689:, 3629:. 3609:, 3502:, 3462:. 3454:, 3431:. 3412:A 3226:. 3056:, 2947:, 2889:, 2885:, 2881:, 2877:, 2804:, 2701:, 2697:, 2693:, 2626:. 2572:, 2568:, 2564:, 2483:. 2444:. 2324:. 2108:. 2033:. 1937:, 1868:A 1804:. 1797:. 1714:c. 1693:. 1646:ὤψ 1624:. 1470:. 1459:. 1281:. 1234:, 1226:, 1218:, 1210:, 1164:ET 1117:+3 526:/ 19203:e 19196:t 19189:v 18904:) 18896:( 18563:e 18556:t 18549:v 18455:e 18448:t 18441:v 17960:e 17953:t 17946:v 17828:e 17821:t 17814:v 17717:) 17713:( 17008:e 17001:t 16994:v 16975:. 16929:. 16910:. 16875:. 16851:. 16827:. 16765:. 16743:. 16702:. 16669:. 16651:. 16632:. 16586:. 16568:. 16531:. 16501:. 16482:. 16461:. 16422:. 16410:: 16389:. 16341:. 16318:. 16292:. 16258:. 16236:. 16214:. 16184:: 16139:. 16114:. 16071:. 16045:. 16019:. 15975:. 15946:. 15897:. 15870:. 15844:. 15758:. 15727:. 15723:: 15691:. 15676:. 15646:. 15620:. 15594:. 15566:: 15558:: 15531:. 15512:. 15487:. 15439:. 15420:. 15383:. 15358:. 15332:. 15305:. 15281:: 15218:. 15189:. 15167:. 15142:. 15099:. 15072:. 15050:. 15006:. 14978:. 14956:. 14936:: 14900:. 14873:. 14840:. 14813:. 14780:. 14737:. 14683:. 14661:: 14638:. 14597:) 14579:: 14573:6 14472:. 14440:. 14383:) 14363:. 14342:: 14321:. 14296:. 14270:. 14245:. 14220:. 14195:. 14170:. 14144:. 14114:. 14086:. 14060:. 14034:. 13919:. 13888:. 13869:. 13835:. 13810:. 13782:. 13754:. 13726:. 13701:. 13675:. 13653:: 13626:. 13596:. 13568:. 13546:. 13520:. 13494:. 13468:. 13442:. 13421:. 13399:. 13374:. 13327:. 13300:. 13245:. 13204:. 13171:. 13128:. 13041:. 13016:. 12997:. 12974:. 12919:. 12845:. 12818:. 12792:. 12766:. 12741:. 12715:. 12690:. 12670:: 12664:2 12601:. 12557:. 12526:. 12496:. 12459:. 12433:. 12395:. 12330:. 12316:. 12301:. 12278:. 12251:. 12229:. 12197:: 12189:: 12149:. 12135:: 12109:. 12091:2 12083:2 12079:2 12044:. 12031:. 12001:. 11978:. 11952:. 11926:. 11904:. 11878:. 11852:. 11838:: 11830:: 11824:5 11803:. 11771:. 11753:. 11727:. 11701:. 11679:. 11545:. 11520:. 11494:. 11447:. 11408:. 11382:. 11331:. 11301:. 11271:. 11238:. 11176:. 11125:. 11103:. 11085:. 11043:. 11012:. 10972:. 10946:. 10927:. 10909:. 10884:. 10850:. 10817:. 10784:. 10751:. 10618:. 10599:. 10587:: 10525:. 10513:: 10507:6 10474:. 10462:: 10439:. 10406:. 10396:9 10360:. 10330:. 10316:: 10293:. 10266:. 10225:. 10161:. 10134:. 10104:. 10079:. 10052:. 10038:. 10001:. 9959:. 9920:. 9893:. 9867:. 9842:. 9803:. 9736:. 9709:. 9669:. 9597:. 9573:: 9565:: 9538:. 9514:: 9506:: 9500:8 9479:. 9451:: 9443:: 9419:. 9394:. 9368:. 9342:. 9316:. 9290:. 9254:. 9229:. 9204:. 9177:. 9149:: 9131:: 9101:. 9081:: 9058:. 9036:: 9028:: 9001:. 8990:: 8961:. 8941:: 8933:: 8910:. 8890:: 8882:: 8852:. 8830:. 8805:. 8783:. 8757:. 8699:. 8657:. 8639:. 8614:. 8587:. 8569:1 8548:. 8530:. 8505:. 8462:. 8437:. 8411:. 8385:. 8359:. 8316:. 8294:: 8286:: 8263:. 8235:: 8229:5 8212:. 8187:. 8154:. 8124:. 8104:: 8096:: 8070:. 8058:: 8033:. 8000:. 7963:. 7932:. 7902:. 7883:. 7854:. 7832:. 7795:. 7752:. 7735:. 7709:. 7662:. 7626:. 7608:. 7578:. 7548:. 6582:( 6527:( 6053:( 5982:" 5498:9 5464:8 5430:7 5396:6 5362:5 5328:4 5294:3 5260:2 5205:1 5127:e 5120:t 5113:v 4638:/ 4605:2 4601:1 4598:+ 4596:8 4592:( 2408:. 2359:( 2080:. 1906:( 1892:( 1843:. 1700:- 1649:( 1123:) 1119:( 1105:) 1101:( 1090:) 1035:) 1016:) 983:) 964:) 941:) 937:( 927:) 898:) 862:) 236:) 234:" 230:" 163:) 159:( 149:) 145:( 132:) 128:( 115:) 111:( 102:: 84:) 80:( 60:. 43:. 36:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.