3504:
2262:
83:
2897:
326:
2967:
2178:
2222:
5154:
2195:
2094:
3604:
5013:
2134:
2054:
3488:
2302:
3365:
2421:
2317:
5998:
1887:
5986:
94:
2149:
2109:
2069:
2277:
2237:
3641:
3146:; that is, the Councillors are not supposed to publicly criticise one another, even though they are often political opponents. In effect, they are expected to publicly support all decisions of the council, even against their own personal opinion or that of their political party. In the eye of many observers, this convention has become rather strained after the 2003 elections (see below).
2931:, the president of the Confederation is the highest-ranking Swiss official. They preside over council meetings and carry out certain representative functions that, in other countries, are the business of a head of state. In urgent situations where a council decision cannot be made in time, they are empowered to act on behalf of the whole council. Apart from that, though, they are
3067:, to whose department the Federal Office of Personnel belongs. Before a vote is taken at a council meeting, though, all proposals are circulated in writing to the heads of departments, who commission the senior career officials of their department – the heads of the Federal Offices – to prepare a written response to offer criticism and suggestions. This is called the
3592:
pension. After leaving office, "former federal councillors frequently pursue some other lucrative activity," but "their earnings, when added to the pension they receive as an ex-federal councillor, may not exceed the salary of a federal councillor in office, otherwise their pension is reduced accordingly."
3595:
Serving federal councillors "enjoy a certain number of special benefits, from free telephone contracts to a chauffeur-driven car for official business, a courtesy car for personal use or the use of federal planes and helicopters for official business trips. Each member of the
Federal Council also has
2765:
Until 1999, the
Constitution mandated that no canton could have multiple representatives on the Federal Council at the same time. For most of Swiss history, the canton of any given councillor was determined by their place of origin, but starting in 1987 this was changed to the canton from which they
3627:
According to statements to the media by a
Federal Chancellory official, in none of the few cases of accusations against a Federal Councillor has the permission to prosecute ever been granted. Such cases usually involved statements considered offensive by members of the public. However, one unnamed
3202:
The most recent federal council elections were held on 13 December 2023. Federal
Council Alain Berset and Federal Chancellor Walter Turnherr had both announced that they would not be seeking reelection. The other Federal Councillors were all reelected, the FDP councillors seats were unsuccessfully
2509:
The process of involving all major political movements of
Switzerland into the responsibility of government continued during the first half of the 20th century. It was hastened by the FDP's and CVP's gradually diminishing voter shares, complemented by the rise of new parties of lesser power at the
3591:
equivalent to half the salary of
Federal Council members in office. If a councillor leaves office for health reasons, they may receive this pension even if their length of service was less than three years. Councillors who leave their offices after less than four years may also receive a partial
3391:
of the valid votes. Every adult Swiss citizen is eligible (and could even be elected against his own will), but in practice, only members of
Parliament or more rarely, members of cantonal governments, are nominated by the political parties and receive a substantial number of votes. The voting is
3351:
with 135 out of 245 votes cast in the second round of voting. Additionally Viola Amherd was elected
President of the Swiss Confederation for the year 2024 and Karin Keller-Sutter was elected vice president of the Federal Council for the year 2024. Following the elections there was a departmental
3059:
is often called "the Swiss defence minister", even though no such post officially exists. However, as council members, they are not only responsible for their own department, but also for the business of their colleagues' departments, as well as for the conduct of the government and the federal
2909:
3054:
Each
Federal Councillor heads a government department, much like the ministers in the governments of other countries. Colloquially and by the press (especially outside Switzerland), they are often referred to as ministers even though no such post formally exists. For example, the head of the
2832:– people who either speak French, Italian, or Romansh – now form a majority on the council, despite more than seventy percent of the Swiss citizens speaking German as a first language. Likewise, no current Federal Councillors grew up in an urban area (with the exception of
3406:
At the issue of the third and later rounds (if necessary), the candidates with less than ten votes are excluded, or the candidate with the lowest vote count is excluded. No such exclusion takes place when two or more candidates share a lowest vote count at least equalling
3623:
Prosecution for crimes and misdemeanors that relate to the
Councillors' official capacity requires the assent of the immunity commissions of the Federal Assembly. In such cases, Parliament can also suspend the Councillor in office (but not actually remove them).
2766:
were elected (for former members of the Federal Assembly or cantonal legislative or executive bodies) or place of residence. Nothing prevented candidates from moving to politically expedient cantons; this was one of the motivators for abolishing the rule. At the
2924:. The Federal Assembly also elects a vice president of Switzerland. By convention, the positions of president and vice president rotate annually, each councillor thus becoming vice president and then president every seven years while in office.
3382:
sitting together as the United Federal Assembly. Each Federal Council seat is up for (re-)election in the order of seniority, beginning with the Councillor who had the longest term of office. The office holders are then elected individually by
2428:
The 1848 constitutional provision providing for the Federal Council – and indeed the institution of the Council itself – has remained unchanged to this day, even though Swiss society has changed profoundly since.
3113:
The meetings of the Federal Council and the result of the votes taken are not open to the public, and the records remain sealed for 50 years. This has lately been the subject of some criticism. In particular, the parties at the ends of the
3034:
During the meetings, the Councillors address each other formally (e.g. Mrs. Sommaruga, Mr. Berset), even though they are on first name terms with each other. This is done to separate the items on the agenda from the person promoting them.
3169:, the Federal Councillors convened an urgent meeting, where they discussed sending a Councillor to Kennedy's funeral. Given that the absence of the Swiss government would not be understood by the population, they decided to send
2875:. Historically, at least two council seats have been held by French- or Italian-speakers. The language makeup of the council as of 2022 is four German-speakers, two French-speakers and one Italian-speaker. In November 2017,
3437:
Once elected, Councillors remain members of their political parties, but hold no leading office with them. In fact, they usually maintain a certain political distance from the party leadership, because under the rules of
2946:, that is, in its entirety. However, in recent practice the president acts and is recognised as head of state while conducting official visits abroad, as the Council (also by convention) does not leave the country
2735:
was elected in September 2010. Together with Micheline Calmy-Rey, Doris Leuthard and Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf, women were in the majority in the Federal Council for the first time, until January 2012, when
2684:, putting men in minority for the first time in history. Also remarkable is the fact that the eighth non-voting member of government, the chancellor, who sets the government agenda, was also a woman.
5865:
5535:
3063:
Decisions to be taken by the council are always prepared by the responsible department. Accordingly, a change in the salaries of federal employees would be proposed to the council by the head of the
2595:
During that time, the FDP/PRD and CVP/PDC very slowly but steadily kept losing voter share to the SVP/UDC and SP/PS, respectively, which overtook the older parties in popularity during the 1990s.
5109:
3291:
3090:
is to be proposed to the Federal Assembly, this step is mandated by law. In such cases, the consultation procedure also serves to identify political concerns that could later be the focus of a
2246:
2625:, a more moderate SVP/UDC politician, against party policy. This led to a split of the SVP/UDC in 2008. After liberal regional SVP/UDC groups including Federal Councillors Widmer-Schlumpf and
3458:. Reelection is possible for an indefinite number of terms; it has historically been extremely rare for Parliament not to reelect a sitting Councillor. This has only happened four times – to
4539:
4273:
3418:
Usually, the party which has a seat to fill presents two candidates with mainstream viewpoints to the United Federal Assembly, which then chooses one. This was not so, however, during the
462:
3547:
security detail if they need personal protection, in particular during official events, they are often encountered without any escort in the streets, restaurants and tramways of Bern.
2562:, the "magical formula" that determined the council's composition during the rest of the 20th century and established the long-standing nature of the council as a permanent, voluntary
5281:
3004:, he participates in the discussion but has no vote in the council's decisions. Nonetheless, his influential position is often referred to as that of an "eighth Federal Councillor".
2773:
Since the rule against Federal Councillors being from the same canton was abolished, there have been a few examples of it happening. The first time was from 2003 to 2007, when both
2389:(with its equivalent Directorate) as well as the cantons that had given themselves liberal constitutions since the 1830s had also had good experiences with that mode of governance.
2701:(SP/PS), served from 1993 to 2002, was the first woman to become President of the Confederation in 1999. Since her election there has always been at least one woman on the council.
3536:. Mostly, Federal Councillors have chosen to rent apartments or hotel suites in Bern at their own expense. However, they are entitled to use the Federal Council's country estate,
5680:
5084:
4479:
3219:
2078:
3874:
2019: After 1900, the overwhelming majority of the Federal Councillors had an academic education. From January 2019 until December 2022, non-academics featured a majority:
3941:
452:
5079:
3056:
5142:
5120:
3255:
3046:", a day trip to some attractions in the President's home canton. In that and other respects, the council operates like a board of directors of a major corporation.
2160:
2770:, the Constitution was changed to require an equitable distribution of seats among the cantons and language groups of the country, without setting concrete quotas.
3162:, Federal Councillors did for a long time not travel abroad in official business. In other countries, Switzerland was nearly exclusively represented by diplomats.
130:
3422:, which was the most controversial in recent memory. Until the end of the 19th century, it was informally required of Federal Councillors to be elected to the
4731:
5274:
5058:
3925:
3710:
2676:
There were two female councillors serving simultaneously for the first time in 1999, and three out of seven councillors were women from 2007 till 2010, when
2576:
2475:
4200:
3628:
Councillor involved in a traffic accident immediately prior to his date of resignation was reported to have voluntarily waived his immunity, and Councillor
5053:
3914:
2843:
Whenever a member resigns, they are generally replaced by someone who is not only from the same party, but also the same language group. In 2006, however,
1128:
3474:
in 2007. In practice, therefore, Councillors serve until they decide to resign and retire to private life, usually after three to five terms of office.
4582:
4553:
4440:
4411:
4382:
4344:
4281:
3572:
The spouses of Councillors do not play an official part in the business of government, apart from accompanying the Councillors to official receptions.
1924:
5267:
4228:
1762:
778:
773:
2828:
With the council's 2023 iteration, the constitutional requirement that languages and regions be appropriately balanced is under increased strain.
4931:
3442:, they will often have to publicly promote a council decision which does not match the political conviction of their party (or of themselves).
2637:
on 10 December 2008, who regained the seat previously held by Schmid, who had resigned. The SVP/UDC regained its second seat on the Council in
5135:
5063:
3931:
3503:
3184:. Despite the opening of Switzerland due to the Kennedy assassination, foreign travels of Federal Councillors were only normalized after the
4633:
3967:
2661:
on the federal level in 1971. They remained unrepresented in the Federal Council for three further legislatures, until the 1984 election of
1792:
5775:
5740:
5048:
3908:
3139:
2630:
1822:
1713:
366:
1807:
6038:
2404:, have collective rather than unitary heads of state. However the collegial system of government has found widespread adoption in modern
1767:
988:
4822:
4610:
4504:
1752:
2621:. Due to controversies surrounding his conduct in office, a narrow Assembly majority did not reelect Blocher in 2007 and chose instead
2452:. In Switzerland, the democratic movement was led – and the new federal state decisively shaped – by the
1837:
1718:
1532:
5150:
5032:
1832:
1812:
4468:
5128:
5104:
3920:
3309:
2326:
1962:
1817:
1777:
1558:
1073:
468:
1757:
4256:
1842:
1802:
863:
4671:
6018:
5650:
3821:
3799:
3426:
in their canton of origin every four years to put their popularity to a test. This practice was known under the French term of
3328:
3301:
2582:
2515:
2310:
2270:
1872:
1857:
1847:
1827:
1787:
1782:
1747:
1028:
928:
3411:
After the election is concluded, the winner holds a short speech and accepts or refuses the office of Federal Councillor. The
2566:. In approximate relation to the parties' respective strength in the Federal Assembly, the seats were distributed as follows:
1897:
5785:
5094:
3237:
2951:
2118:
1973:
1917:
1741:
1527:
938:
427:
2613:
The governmental balance was changed after the 2003 elections, when the SVP/UDC was granted a council seat for their leader
5895:
5700:
5350:
4984:
4970:
4902:
4815:
4522:
4326:
4185:
4146:
4118:
4082:
3861:
3744:
3533:
2921:
2570:
1977:
1862:
1797:
1772:
1522:
1093:
943:
838:
823:
798:
793:
783:
391:
140:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
4924:
3419:
3368:
3197:
2798:
2708:
2638:
2606:
1867:
1852:
3086:
and major interest groups are invited, and in which all members of the public can participate. If a change in a federal
3082:
To prepare for important decisions, an additional public consultation is sometimes conducted, to which the cantons, the
6028:
6023:
5099:
4033:
3353:
3344:
3001:
2673:(both SP/PS), was controversial and the Social Democrats each time considered withdrawing from the council altogether.
2633:, the SVP/UDC was left in opposition for the first time since 1929, but returned into the council with the election of
2286:
1537:
1033:
998:
918:
5921:
5815:
5810:
4858:
4843:
1408:
1188:
1043:
765:
3174:
3166:
3083:
1910:
1551:
953:
913:
848:
307:
5012:
3122:. However, the council has always maintained that secrecy is necessary to arrive at consensus and to preserve the
3101:
by a majority of the Councillors present at a meeting. However, the great majority of decisions are arrived at by
5926:
5370:
933:
908:
853:
448:
2373:
5942:
5565:
5158:
5027:
4917:
3423:
3379:
3372:
3023:
3008:
2917:
2880:
2551:
2443:
1992:
1988:
1058:
458:
440:
198:
4702:
of the Federal Law on the Responsibility of the Confederation and its Members of Authorities and Functionaries
4690:
of the Federal Law on the Responsibility of the Confederation and its Members of Authorities and Functionaries
3706:
is elected and accepts the office. He still is the youngest person to have ever served on the Federal Council.
3403:
At the issue of the second round, eligible for the third round is anybody who has received at least ten votes.
3356:
vacated by Alain Berset and newly elected Beat Jans took over Baume-Schneiders Justice and Police Department.
6033:
5089:
3525:
3273:
3064:
2975:
2206:
1736:
1514:
1063:
1018:
948:
898:
4828:
4588:
4559:
4446:
4417:
4388:
4350:
3520:
Unlike most senior members of government in other countries, the Federal Councillors are not entitled to an
5805:
5765:
5665:
5591:
5485:
4771:
3762:
3247:
2142:
4997:
3600:
GA travelcard (also in retirement). They are also given personal security, which is often very discreet."
3297:
2872:
2822:
2753:
2707:(Metzler-Arnold at the time) (CVP/PDC), served from 1999 to 2003 and was not re-elected to a second term (
2255:
408:
116:
5780:
5480:
4714:"Bisher stets immun: Wegen Albisgüetli-Rede steht die Immunität von Christoph Blocher erneut zur Debatte"
3566:
2642:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
346:
5976:
5911:
5860:
5855:
5830:
5800:
5685:
5596:
3463:
3265:
3229:
3105:; even though lately there is said to be a trend towards more contentious discussions and close votes.
2457:
2360:
2345:
2188:
2102:
1501:
339:
5890:
5835:
5795:
5750:
5745:
5725:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5690:
5675:
5670:
5655:
5645:
5612:
5445:
3946:
3529:
3348:
3170:
3119:
3102:
3042:
to discuss important topics at length; it annually conducts what is colloquially referred to as its "
2993:
2928:
2466:(the Swiss civil war) against the Catholic cantons, the Radicals at first used their majority in the
415:
110:
5916:
5875:
5850:
5840:
5825:
5820:
5770:
5735:
5720:
2371:). This accommodated the long tradition of the rule of collective bodies in Switzerland. Under the
2352:
1996:
1966:
482:
3666:
2974:
The Federal Council operates mainly through weekly meetings, which are held each Wednesday at the
241:
5870:
5790:
5760:
5475:
5435:
5335:
3788:
3729:
3540:, for holidays, and this estate is also used to host official guests of the Swiss Confederation.
3451:
3415:
is then taken, even then the regular term of office only begins a few weeks later, on 1 January.
3283:
3211:
3185:
2983:
2860:
2790:
2726:
2622:
2588:
2523:
2261:
2230:
2062:
2004:
316:
169:
4526:
3584:
472,958, plus another CHF 30,000 annually for expenses. The councillors pay tax on this income.
3378:
The members of the Federal Council are elected for a term of four years by both chambers of the
5455:
5450:
3670:
3617:
3597:
3450:
Once elected for a four-year-term, Federal Councillors can neither be voted out of office by a
3091:
2806:
2767:
2487:
2467:
2393:
2378:
1654:
1579:
1571:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1068:
1053:
1048:
1038:
1023:
1013:
1008:
993:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
923:
903:
893:
888:
883:
873:
868:
858:
843:
828:
818:
808:
246:
2896:
2821:
is the most recent canton to be represented; since 1 January 2023, it has been represented by
1639:
5730:
5660:
5581:
5530:
5525:
5500:
5355:
5320:
3936:
3038:
After the meetings, the Councillors take lunch together. The council also meets regularly in
2382:
1584:
1183:
1003:
878:
833:
813:
803:
788:
489:
82:
2883:, candidates are usually helped by a high degree of fluency in German, French, and Italian.
1980:
chairs the council, but exercises no particular authority; rather, the position is one of a
5560:
5505:
5465:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5400:
5395:
5385:
5380:
5360:
5340:
5330:
5325:
5315:
3846:
3787:
1930: First councillor of the Party of Farmers, Traders and Independents (BGB/PAI; now the
3688:
3269:
2556:
The 1959 elections, following the resignation of four councillors, finally established the
2385:
had been governed by councils of pre-eminent citizens since time immemorial, and the later
2198:
2011:
and are by convention almost always re-elected; most serve around 8 to 12 years in office.
1957:
of Switzerland. Since after World War II, the Federal Council is by convention a permanent
1942:
1669:
1486:
5259:
3154:
Due to the fact that technically no sole federal councillor but rather the entire council
2942:
The president is not the Swiss head of state; this function is carried out by the council
8:
5885:
5695:
5586:
5555:
5520:
5510:
5495:
5440:
5405:
5390:
5375:
5365:
5345:
4978:
3887:
3883:
3868:
3784:
and Felix-Louis Calonder. This would happen again more than hundred years later, in 2023.
3658:
3261:
2868:
2833:
2786:
2756:
was elected on 7 December 2022 and is the most recent woman to be elected to the council.
2743:
2732:
2714:
2677:
2658:
2641:, when Widmer-Schlumpf decided to resign after the SVP/UDC's large election gains in the
2538:. In 1943, during World War II, the Social Democrats were also temporarily included with
2449:
2170:
1664:
1491:
397:
231:
126:
4757:
3899:
As of August 2022, half of the Swiss population was satisfied with the Federal Council.
3027:
2966:
2782:
2470:
to fill all the seats on the Federal Council. This made their former war opponents, the
325:
6002:
5626:
5545:
5490:
5470:
5460:
5430:
3850:
3817:
3521:
3115:
2934:
2774:
2711:). Upon her election two women served on the council simultaneously for the first time.
2681:
2670:
2666:
2511:
2409:
2368:
2194:
1981:
1954:
1891:
1609:
188:
3603:
3012:
2177:
5540:
4854:
4839:
4668:
3773:
3681:
3674:
3650:
3471:
3459:
3431:
3393:
3388:
2829:
2778:
2614:
2386:
1634:
251:
221:
3555:
to the Federal Palace in Bern. Councillors are also entitled to a personal bailiff (
3487:
3030:
who is in charge of the Federal Council sector within the Swiss Federal Chancellery.
2989:
Apart from the seven Councillors, the following officials also attend the meetings:
2221:
4016:
4008:
3854:
3781:
3751:
3699:
3492:
2810:
2479:
2356:
1704:
1659:
1619:
1614:
1594:
3680:
1854: First (of only four so far) sitting Federal Councillor not to be reelected,
3039:
5990:
5845:
5515:
4851:
Conseil Fédéral: Dictionnaire biographique des cent premiers conseillers fédéraux
4675:
4000:
3992:
3810:
3695:
3632:
decided to resign upon facing an inquiry over allegations of secrecy violations.
3135:
2856:
2848:
2563:
2531:
2490:
2448:
The 1848 Constitution was one of the few successes of the Europe-wide democratic
2359:
of Switzerland had little in the way of examples. While they drew heavily on the
2093:
2000:
1958:
4992:
4895:
4889:
4883:
4808:
4802:
4796:
4319:
4313:
4307:
4178:
4172:
4166:
4139:
4133:
4127:
4112:
4111:
4105:
4099:
4075:
4069:
4063:
3867:
2010: First majority of women in the Swiss Federal Council with the election of
3721:
3364:
3279:
3019:
of the Federal Council and conducts the weekly press briefing after the meeting.
2950:. More often, though, official visits abroad are carried out by the head of the
2687:
In total, there have been ten female councillors in the period 1989 to present:
2215:
403:
151:
4959:
4580:
4551:
4508:
4438:
4409:
4380:
4342:
4106:
4100:
3828:
3777:
3755:
3629:
3556:
3508:
3412:
3400:
In the two first rounds, any adult Swiss citizen with voting right is eligible.
3305:
3287:
3225:
3155:
2901:
2876:
2852:
2818:
2801:. As of 2023, four cantons have never been represented on the Federal Council:
2794:
2720:
2692:
2662:
2462:
2280:
2240:
2133:
2087:
2053:
1629:
1604:
382:
205:
121:
4699:
6012:
5296:
4687:
3835:
3792:
3740:
3733:
3537:
3384:
3159:
2814:
2698:
2626:
2535:
1950:
1723:
1699:
1684:
184:
4037:
3813:
of the SP. He was trained as a heating engineer; his father was a shoemaker.
2367:
rather than the presidential system for the executive branch of government (
2301:
1976:, each Councillor heads one of the seven federal executive departments. The
4964:
4954:
4713:
3879:
3766:
3725:
3654:
3467:
3439:
3340:
3317:
3243:
3207:
3143:
3123:
3016:
2997:
2864:
2844:
2747:
2737:
2704:
2646:
2618:
2558:
2420:
2364:
2348:
as the "supreme executive and directorial authority of the Confederation".
2127:
2047:
2019:
As of 2024, the members of the Federal Council are, in order of seniority:
420:
387:
377:
226:
146:
136:
106:
3552:
2837:
2316:
5153:
4525:[The Kennedy Assassination and the Federal Council] (in German).
4507:[Only a dead body has changed Swiss foreign policy] (in German).
3875:
3662:
3581:
3548:
3455:
3332:
2879:
became the first Italian speaker to serve on the council since 1999. For
2634:
2494:
2363:
for the organisation of the federal state as a whole, they opted for the
2320:
1946:
1599:
294:
282:
236:
5985:
4909:
3776:-speaking Councillors, making German speakers a minority: Gustave Ador,
5959:
1. Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on geographical definition.
4829:
Resultate der Wahlen des Bundesrats, der Bundeskanzler und des Generals
3839:
3803:
3714:
3544:
3495:, the 2008 official photograph of the Federal Council depicted them as
3335:), elected in the third round of voting with 134 out of 245 votes cast.
3292:
Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications
3203:
attacked by the green party. The following councillors were reelected:
3098:
3043:
2785:
were in office. It happened again between 2010 and 2018, starting when
2665:. In 1983, the failed election of the first official female candidate,
2539:
2527:
2522:
and the Party of Farmers, Traders and Independents (BGB; presently the
2498:
2483:
2401:
2247:
Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications
2008:
174:
3816:
1983: First female candidate for the council from a government party,
93:
5755:
5002:
4233:
4205:
3703:
3324:
3177:
2802:
2519:
2405:
2295:
2148:
2108:
1644:
372:
156:
2068:
4717:
3698:
wins the election, but refuses the office. In a repeated election,
3640:
3513:
3496:
2908:
2424:
Composition of the Federal Council by political party, 1919 to 2017
2276:
2236:
1649:
4732:"Klare Sprache und viel Herz: Willi Ritschard wĂĽrde 100 Jahre alt"
3079:), designed to build a wide consensus ahead of a council meeting.
3588:
3587:
Former councillors with at least four years of service receive a
3087:
2750:
were elected on 5 December 2018 and are currently on the council.
2397:
1679:
1624:
3616:
Federal Councillors, like members of parliament, enjoy absolute
3551:
was known to use the bicycle on most days from his apartment in
1972:
While the entire Federal Council is responsible for leading the
3251:
3233:
3181:
2530:. In due course, the CVP received its second seat in 1919 with
2152:
2112:
1689:
1674:
1589:
3220:
Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research
2954:. Visiting heads of state are received by the Federal Council
2939:, having no power above and beyond the other six Councillors.
2079:
Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research
3720:
1893: First member whose father was a member of the Council:
3138:
of political opponents, its operation is subject to numerous
4505:"Erst eine Leiche hat die Schweizer Aussenpolitik verändert"
3942:
Government and Administration Organisation Act (Switzerland)
2867:, a French-speaker. Most recently, in 2023, German-speaking
2729:
was elected in December 2007 and served until December 2015.
5410:
5289:
3215:
2979:
2504:
2072:
1694:
3173:. On his travel to the U.S. capital, Wahlen also met with
3134:
Due to the Federal Council's unique nature as a voluntary
3126:
and political independence of the individual Councillors.
3057:
Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports
2916:
Each year, one of the seven councillors is elected by the
2680:
was elected as the fourth woman in government in place of
3687:
1855: The first elected Councillor to refuse the office,
3320:
as of 31 December 2023, replacement elections were held:
3256:
Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport
2161:
Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport
4581:
Information services of the Federal Chancellery (2008).
4552:
Information services of the Federal Chancellery (2008).
4439:
Information services of the Federal Chancellery (2008).
4410:
Information services of the Federal Chancellery (2008).
4381:
Information services of the Federal Chancellery (2008).
4343:
Information services of the Federal Chancellery (2008).
4280:. SRG SSR Idée Suisse. 22 September 2010. Archived from
4201:"Finance Minister Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf to Stand Down"
3491:
Faces in the Crowd: In keeping with the spirit of Swiss
3118:
argue that this secrecy is contrary to the principle of
4872:
4772:"La confiance populaire dans le Conseil fédéral baisse"
3607:
First Federal Council with a majority of women (2010).
2437:
5974:
4254:
3926:
Category:Members of the Federal Council (Switzerland)
3434:) lost his election to the National Council in 1854.
5962:
2. Recognised by at least one United Nations member.
4257:"Frauen im Bundesrat (women on the Federal Council)"
4199:
Jaberg, Samuel; Stephens, Thomas (28 October 2015).
3915:
List of members of the Swiss Federal Council by date
3620:
for all statements made in their official capacity.
2723:(CVP/PDC) was elected in 2006 and served until 2018.
2486:'s resignation in 1891 after a failed referendum on
4831:, compiled by the services of the Swiss Parliament.
4611:"Bundesrat Maurer fährt mit dem Fahrrad zur Arbeit"
4140:
3430:. The first Councillor who failed to be reelected (
3352:reshuffle. Élisabeth Baume-Schneider took over the
2598:
4896:
4809:
4469:"Protocol Regulations for the Swiss Confederation"
4320:
4134:
4128:
3711:Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland
2717:(SP/PS) was elected in 2003 and served until 2011.
1984:and rotates among the seven Councillors annually.
5110:Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications
4890:
4884:
4803:
4797:
4314:
4308:
4268:
4266:
3049:
1949:. Its seven members also serve as the collective
6010:
5965:3. Not recognised by any United Nations members.
4823:The Swiss Confederation: A brief guide 2006–2009
3580:Federal councillors receive an annual salary of
3477:
2534:, while the BGB joined the council in 1929 with
2497:the Conservatives by supporting the election of
4179:
3739:1911: First (and only) octogenarian in office,
3097:The decisions themselves are formally taken by
3000:. As government chief of staff and head of the
2344:The Federal Council was instituted by the 1848
4274:"Elections produce female majority in cabinet"
4263:
4198:
4173:
4167:
4076:
2904:in Berne, where the Council meetings are held.
1961:government composed of representatives of the
5275:
5136:
4925:
4229:"People's Party Gains Second Seat in Cabinet"
4158:
4156:
4096:Departments: Development on the Federal Level
4070:
4064:
3932:List of presidents of the Swiss Confederation
3809:1973: First councillor of the working class,
3392:conducted in several rounds, under a form of
3129:
2545:
2339:
1918:
65:
54:
3909:List of members of the Swiss Federal Council
3702:wins, but refuses too. In a third election,
2617:that had formerly belonged to the CVP/PDC's
43:
32:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4338:
4336:
3886:(high school diploma, concert pianist) and
3191:
2932:
5282:
5268:
5143:
5129:
4932:
4918:
4836:The Politics and Government of Switzerland
4825:, edited by the Swiss Federal Chancellery.
4669:Federal councillors’ salaries and benefits
4634:"How much does a federal councillor earn?"
4584:The Swiss Confederation a brief guide 2008
4555:The Swiss Confederation a brief guide 2008
4442:The Swiss Confederation a brief guide 2008
4413:The Swiss Confederation a brief guide 2008
4384:The Swiss Confederation a brief guide 2008
4346:The Swiss Confederation a brief guide 2008
4153:
3968:"How much does a federal councillor earn?"
2760:
2695:(FDP/PRD), elected 1984, resigned in 1989.
1925:
1911:
4939:
4711:
3761:1917: First (and only) Councillor of the
3312:, elected with 151 out of 216 votes cast.
3294:, elected with 189 out of 217 votes cast.
3276:, elected with 176 out of 224 votes cast.
3258:, elected with 201 out of 228 votes cast.
3240:, elected with 167 out of 239 votes cast.
3222:, elected with 215 out of 233 votes cast.
2669:and again in 1993 the failed election of
2415:
5085:Economic Affairs, Education and Research
4523:"Das Kennedy-Attentat und der Bundesrat"
4432:
4403:
4365:
4333:
4226:
3921:Composition of the Swiss Federal Council
3639:
3602:
3569:ceremonial uniform, to official events.
3502:
3486:
3363:
3310:Federal Department of Justice and Police
2965:
2907:
2895:
2505:Emerging coalition government, 1891–1959
2419:
2327:Federal Department of Justice and Police
5290:Heads of state and government of Europe
3952:
3649:1848: The first seven members elected:
2652:
2432:
6011:
5159:Elections to the Swiss Federal Council
4664:
4662:
4660:
4658:
4656:
4654:
4255:Swiss Federal Council (16 June 2023).
4227:Mombelli, Armando (10 December 2015).
3575:
3528:houses living apartments for both the
3094:to stop passage of the bill at issue.
2912:Meeting of the Federal Council in 2006
2334:
5263:
5124:
4913:
3644:The first seven members, elected 1848
3482:
3238:Federal Department of Foreign Affairs
2952:Federal Department of Foreign Affairs
2900:The interior of the west wing of the
2863:, a German-speaker, was succeeded by
2119:Federal Department of Foreign Affairs
1974:federal administration of Switzerland
285: 472,958 annually per councillor
5080:Defence, Civil Protection and Sports
4903:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
4816:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
4327:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
4220:
4186:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
4147:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
4119:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
4083:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
1995:for a term of four years after each
1991:as a body by the 246 members of the
1978:President of the Swiss Confederation
4651:
4631:
3965:
3845:1995: First Councillor living in a
3198:2023 Swiss Federal Council election
3142:. Most notable is the principle of
2961:
2607:2007 Swiss Federal Council election
2577:Christian Democratic People's Party
2476:Christian Democratic People's Party
2438:Free Democratic hegemony, 1848–1891
2351:When the Constitution was written,
13:
6039:1848 establishments in Switzerland
4485:from the original on 20 March 2018
3728:. In 2007, the second is elected:
3354:Federal Department of Home Affairs
2355:was still in its infancy, and the
2287:Federal Department of Home Affairs
14:
6050:
5866:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
5536:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
4864:
3635:
3543:While Councillors can draw on an
3149:
2836:, who spent some school years in
16:Federal government of Switzerland
5996:
5984:
5152:
5011:
4416:. pp. 44–45. Archived from
3511:speaks in 2019 accompanied by a
3359:
3167:assassination of John F. Kennedy
2881:elections to the Federal Council
2871:was replaced by French-speaking
2851:, resigned and was succeeded by
2599:End of the grand coalition, 2008
2412:with collective responsibility.
2392:Today, only three other states,
2315:
2300:
2275:
2260:
2235:
2220:
2193:
2176:
2147:
2132:
2107:
2092:
2067:
2052:
1885:
324:
92:
81:
4786:
4764:
4750:
4724:
4705:
4693:
4681:
4625:
4603:
4574:
4545:
4533:
4515:
4497:
4461:
4296:
3882:(high school diploma, farmer),
3772:1917 - 1919: First majority of
2691:The first woman councillor was
1993:Federal Assembly of Switzerland
4738:(in German). 27 September 2018
4248:
4192:
4089:
4052:
4026:
3985:
3959:
3862:President of the Confederation
3827:1984: First woman Councillor,
3798:1943: First councillor of the
3750:1913: First (and only) native
3709:1891: First Councillor of the
3534:President of the Confederation
3445:
3371:of the Federal Council in the
3050:Decisions and responsibilities
2922:President of the Confederation
2552:Magic formula (Swiss politics)
2444:Switzerland as a federal state
1997:federal parliamentary election
1:
6019:Federal Council (Switzerland)
4613:. Pilatus Today. 15 June 2015
4540:Law on the federal parliament
3894:
3565:) who accompanies them, in a
3478:Status of Federal Councillors
3316:Following the resignation of
3274:Federal Department of Finance
3065:Federal Department of Finance
2891:
2740:replaced Micheline Calmy-Rey.
2631:Conservative Democratic Party
2207:Federal Department of Finance
1999:, without the possibility of
1742:(Full list of Municipalities)
4587:. p. 41. Archived from
4558:. p. 13. Archived from
4445:. p. 46. Archived from
4387:. p. 43. Archived from
4349:. p. 42. Archived from
2886:
1533:Federal Administrative Court
266:; 176 years ago
7:
5028:Composition (magic formula)
3902:
3890:(trade school, translator).
3838:(SP) is elected, the first
3611:
3596:the right to a first-class
3060:administration as a whole.
2493:did the Radicals decide to
1580:Appenzell Ausserrhoden (AR)
10:
6055:
3464:Jean-Jacques Challet-Venel
3308:) since 2023, head of the
3290:) since 2023, head of the
3272:) since 2019, head of the
3254:) since 2019, head of the
3236:) since 2017, head of the
3218:) since 2016, head of the
3195:
3140:constitutional conventions
3130:Constitutional conventions
3108:
2604:
2549:
2546:Grand coalition, 1959–2003
2441:
2361:United States Constitution
2340:Origins of the institution
2014:
1989:Federal Council is elected
1585:Appenzell Innerrhoden (AI)
6029:Collective heads of state
6024:Government of Switzerland
5955:
5935:
5904:
5636:
5625:
5605:
5574:
5306:
5295:
5211:
5165:
5072:
5041:
5020:
5009:
4998:Élisabeth Baume-Schneider
4947:
4712:JĂĽrg Sohm (30 May 2006).
3947:Federal act (Switzerland)
3857:, whom he later married).
3298:Élisabeth Baume-Schneider
3171:Friedrich Traugott Wahlen
2929:Swiss order of precedence
2873:Elisabeth Baume-Schneider
2823:Elisabeth Baume-Schneider
2754:Élisabeth Baume-Schneider
2292:
2256:Élisabeth Baume-Schneider
2024:
409:Élisabeth Baume-Schneider
289:
278:
260:
214:
210:Four years, no term limit
204:
194:
180:
168:
117:Élisabeth Baume-Schneider
89:
80:
28:
23:
4834:Clive H. Church (2004).
3917:(by first day in office)
3192:Election and composition
2984:Swiss federal government
2353:constitutional democracy
2203:Vice President for 2024
306:This article is part of
99:The 2024 Federal Council
5741:Holy See (Vatican City)
5411:Holy See (Vatican City)
4985:Vice President for 2024
4849:Altermatt, Urs (1993).
3878:(salesman/accountant),
3800:Social Democratic Party
3730:Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf
3452:motion of no confidence
3347:) was newly elected as
3186:dissolution of the USSR
3077:procédure de co-rapport
2918:United Federal Assembly
2861:Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf
2791:Johann Schneider-Ammann
2761:Regional balancing acts
2727:Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf
2623:Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf
2583:Social Democratic Party
2516:Social Democratic Party
2311:Social Democratic Party
2271:Social Democratic Party
1963:country's major parties
317:Politics of Switzerland
5681:Bosnia and Herzegovina
5351:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4838:. Palgrave Macmillan.
4632:Council, The Federal.
4020:
4012:
4004:
3996:
3966:Council, The Federal.
3671:Wilhelm Matthias Naeff
3645:
3608:
3517:
3500:
3428:Ă©lection de compliment
3375:
2971:
2970:Before a meeting, 1987
2933:
2913:
2905:
2768:1999 Swiss referendums
2472:Catholic-Conservatives
2425:
2416:Changes in composition
2394:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1892:Switzerland portal
1758:Appenzell Ausserrhoden
1528:Federal Criminal Court
428:Federal administration
247:Wilhelm Matthias Naeff
66:
55:
44:
33:
4941:Swiss Federal Council
3937:Hotel Bellevue Palace
3911:(by date of election)
3864:, Ruth Dreifuss (SP).
3853:(SP) (with architect
3667:Friedrich Frey-Herosé
3643:
3606:
3506:
3490:
3367:
2969:
2911:
2899:
2579:(CVP/PDC): 2 members,
2573:(FDP/PRD): 2 members,
2571:Free Democratic Party
2460:). After winning the
2423:
2383:Old Swiss Confederacy
2007:. Incumbents are not
2005:vote of no confidence
1753:Appenzell Innerrhoden
1714:Cantonal legislatures
1595:Basel-Landschaft (BL)
1523:Federal Supreme Court
242:Friedrich Frey-Herosé
6034:European governments
5905:Partially recognised
5575:Partially recognised
4674:2 April 2015 at the
4527:Neue ZĂĽrcher Zeitung
4284:on 11 September 2012
3953:Notes and references
3847:domestic partnership
3789:Swiss People's Party
3689:Johann Jakob Stehlin
3073:Mitberichtsverfahren
2869:Simmonetta Sommaruga
2653:Women on the council
2645:, being replaced by
2591:(SVP/UDC): 1 member.
2589:Swiss People's Party
2433:Party representation
2346:Federal Constitution
2231:Swiss People's Party
2063:Swiss People's Party
1538:Federal Patent Court
101:(from left to right)
5936:Unrecognised states
5606:Unrecognised states
5073:Lists by department
4979:Karin Keller-Sutter
4542:, Art. 132 and 133.
4529:. 13 November 2013.
3928:(alphabetical list)
3888:Karin Keller-Sutter
3884:Simonetta Sommaruga
3869:Simonetta Sommaruga
3659:Martin J. Munzinger
3576:Councillors' salary
3507:Federal Councillor
3262:Karin Keller-Sutter
3069:co-report procedure
3015:. Simonazzi is the
3002:Federal Chancellery
2982:, the seat of the
2834:Karin Keller-Sutter
2787:Simonetta Sommaruga
2744:Karin Keller-Sutter
2733:Simonetta Sommaruga
2715:Micheline Calmy-Rey
2678:Simonetta Sommaruga
2585:(SP/PS): 2 members,
2450:revolutions of 1848
2335:Origins and history
2171:Karin Keller-Sutter
1947:Swiss Confederation
1719:Cantonal executives
398:Karin Keller-Sutter
232:Martin J. Munzinger
127:Karin Keller-Sutter
5841:Russian Federation
5511:Russian Federation
5105:Justice and Police
5059:by name (category)
4971:President for 2024
4853:. Cabédita, Yens.
4758:"Ritschard, Willi"
4040:on 8 December 2010
4013:Consiglio federale
3860:1999: First woman
3851:Moritz Leuenberger
3818:Lilian Uchtenhagen
3732:, the daughter of
3646:
3609:
3530:Federal Chancellor
3522:official residence
3518:
3501:
3483:Councillors' lives
3376:
3349:Federal Chancellor
3175:Secretary of State
3116:political spectrum
3092:popular referendum
2994:Federal Chancellor
2972:
2935:primus inter pares
2914:
2906:
2775:Moritz Leuenberger
2682:Moritz Leuenberger
2671:Christiane Brunner
2667:Lilian Uchtenhagen
2512:political spectrum
2426:
2410:cabinet government
2369:directorial system
2157:President for 2024
1982:first among equals
1502:Popular initiative
416:Federal Chancellor
189:Head of government
175:His/Her Excellency
56:Consiglio federale
5972:
5971:
5951:
5950:
5637:UN members
5621:
5620:
5307:UN members
5257:
5256:
5166:General elections
5118:
5117:
4778:. 29 August 2022.
3682:Ulrich Ochsenbein
3675:Stefano Franscini
3651:Ulrich Ochsenbein
3472:Christoph Blocher
3460:Ulrich Ochsenbein
3432:Ulrich Ochsenbein
3394:exhaustive ballot
3389:absolute majority
3084:political parties
2927:According to the
2779:Christoph Blocher
2615:Christoph Blocher
2514:. These were the
2458:FDP. The Liberals
2387:Helvetic Republic
2332:
2331:
1935:
1934:
1655:Schaffhausen (SH)
1552:Foreign relations
469:Political parties
449:Council of States
301:
300:
252:Stefano Franscini
222:Ulrich Ochsenbein
6046:
6001:
6000:
5999:
5989:
5988:
5980:
5634:
5633:
5304:
5303:
5284:
5277:
5270:
5261:
5260:
5157:
5156:
5145:
5138:
5131:
5122:
5121:
5042:Lists of members
5015:
4988:
4974:
4934:
4927:
4920:
4911:
4910:
4898:
4892:
4886:
4876:
4875:
4873:Official website
4811:
4805:
4799:
4780:
4779:
4768:
4762:
4761:
4754:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4743:
4736:SWI swissinfo.ch
4728:
4722:
4721:
4709:
4703:
4697:
4691:
4685:
4679:
4666:
4649:
4648:
4646:
4644:
4629:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4618:
4607:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4596:
4591:on 11 March 2009
4578:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4567:
4562:on 11 March 2009
4549:
4543:
4537:
4531:
4530:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4501:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4490:
4484:
4476:www.eda.admin.ch
4473:
4465:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4454:
4449:on 11 March 2009
4436:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4425:
4420:on 11 March 2009
4407:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4396:
4391:on 11 March 2009
4378:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4353:on 11 March 2009
4340:
4331:
4322:
4316:
4310:
4300:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4289:
4270:
4261:
4260:
4252:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4241:
4224:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4213:
4196:
4190:
4181:
4175:
4169:
4160:
4151:
4142:
4136:
4130:
4124:Collegial System
4114:
4108:
4102:
4093:
4087:
4078:
4072:
4066:
4056:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4036:. Archived from
4034:"dCst. art. 174"
4030:
4024:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3963:
3855:Gret Loewensberg
3782:Camille Decoppet
3700:Charles Estoppey
3493:direct democracy
3424:National Council
3380:Federal Assembly
3373:Federal Assembly
3028:Jörg De Bernardi
2962:Council meetings
2938:
2830:"Latin speakers"
2817:. The canton of
2783:canton of ZĂĽrich
2480:opposition party
2468:Federal Assembly
2357:founding fathers
2319:
2304:
2279:
2264:
2239:
2224:
2197:
2185:
2180:
2173:
2151:
2136:
2111:
2099:1 November 2017
2096:
2071:
2056:
2022:
2021:
1967:language regions
1927:
1920:
1913:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1763:Basel-Landschaft
1600:Basel-Stadt (BS)
459:National Council
441:Federal Assembly
400:(Vice President)
328:
303:
302:
297:
274:
272:
267:
215:Inaugural holder
199:Federal Assembly
96:
85:
73:
69:
62:
58:
51:
47:
40:
36:
21:
20:
6054:
6053:
6049:
6048:
6047:
6045:
6044:
6043:
6009:
6008:
6007:
5997:
5995:
5983:
5975:
5973:
5968:
5947:
5931:
5922:Northern Cyprus
5900:
5816:North Macedonia
5638:
5628:
5617:
5601:
5592:Northern Cyprus
5570:
5486:North Macedonia
5308:
5298:
5291:
5288:
5258:
5253:
5207:
5161:
5151:
5149:
5119:
5114:
5095:Foreign Affairs
5068:
5037:
5016:
5007:
4982:
4968:
4948:Current members
4943:
4938:
4880:Federal Council
4871:
4870:
4867:
4793:Federal Council
4789:
4784:
4783:
4770:
4769:
4765:
4756:
4755:
4751:
4741:
4739:
4730:
4729:
4725:
4710:
4706:
4698:
4694:
4686:
4682:
4676:Wayback Machine
4667:
4652:
4642:
4640:
4630:
4626:
4616:
4614:
4609:
4608:
4604:
4594:
4592:
4579:
4575:
4565:
4563:
4550:
4546:
4538:
4534:
4521:
4520:
4516:
4503:
4502:
4498:
4488:
4486:
4482:
4471:
4467:
4466:
4462:
4452:
4450:
4437:
4433:
4423:
4421:
4408:
4404:
4394:
4392:
4379:
4366:
4356:
4354:
4341:
4334:
4304:Federal Council
4301:
4297:
4287:
4285:
4272:
4271:
4264:
4253:
4249:
4239:
4237:
4225:
4221:
4211:
4209:
4197:
4193:
4161:
4154:
4094:
4090:
4057:
4053:
4043:
4041:
4032:
4031:
4027:
4021:Cussegl federal
4005:Conseil fédéral
3990:
3986:
3976:
3974:
3964:
3960:
3955:
3905:
3897:
3811:Willi Ritschard
3696:Louis Ruchonnet
3638:
3614:
3578:
3524:. However, the
3485:
3480:
3470:in 2003 and to
3454:or they can be
3448:
3362:
3200:
3194:
3152:
3136:grand coalition
3132:
3111:
3052:
3024:Vice-Chancellor
3013:André Simonazzi
3009:Vice-Chancellor
2964:
2894:
2889:
2799:elected in 2010
2763:
2655:
2609:
2601:
2564:grand coalition
2554:
2548:
2532:Jean-Marie Musy
2507:
2491:nationalisation
2474:(presently the
2446:
2440:
2435:
2418:
2408:in the form of
2342:
2337:
2307:1 January 2024
2267:1 January 2023
2227:1 January 2023
2204:
2183:
2169:
2158:
2139:1 January 2019
2059:1 January 2016
2017:
1959:grand coalition
1941:is the federal
1939:Federal Council
1931:
1902:
1898:Other countries
1886:
1884:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1739:
1729:
1728:
1710:
1709:
1670:St. Gallen (SG)
1574:
1564:
1563:
1554:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1517:
1507:
1506:
1496:
1478:
769:
768:
763:
762:
498:
497:
494:
485:
475:
474:
473:
443:
433:
432:
369:(by seniority)
362:
360:Federal Council
352:
351:
342:
319:
293:
270:
268:
265:
256:
187:
164:
163:
162:
161:
102:
100:
97:
76:
71:
67:Cussegl federal
60:
49:
45:Conseil fédéral
38:
24:Federal Council
17:
12:
11:
5:
6052:
6042:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6006:
6005:
5993:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5966:
5963:
5960:
5956:
5953:
5952:
5949:
5948:
5946:
5945:
5939:
5937:
5933:
5932:
5930:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5908:
5906:
5902:
5901:
5899:
5898:
5896:United Kingdom
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5701:Czech Republic
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5642:
5640:
5631:
5623:
5622:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5615:
5609:
5607:
5603:
5602:
5600:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5578:
5576:
5572:
5571:
5569:
5568:
5566:United Kingdom
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5371:Czech Republic
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5312:
5310:
5301:
5293:
5292:
5287:
5286:
5279:
5272:
5264:
5255:
5254:
5252:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5215:
5213:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5169:
5167:
5163:
5162:
5148:
5147:
5140:
5133:
5125:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5076:
5074:
5070:
5069:
5067:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5045:
5043:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5035:
5030:
5024:
5022:
5018:
5017:
5010:
5008:
5006:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4976:
4962:
4960:Ignazio Cassis
4957:
4951:
4949:
4945:
4944:
4937:
4936:
4929:
4922:
4914:
4908:
4907:
4900:in the online
4877:
4866:
4865:External links
4863:
4862:
4861:
4847:
4832:
4826:
4820:
4813:in the online
4788:
4785:
4782:
4781:
4763:
4749:
4723:
4704:
4692:
4680:
4650:
4624:
4602:
4573:
4544:
4532:
4514:
4511:. 16 May 2019.
4509:Tages-Anzeiger
4496:
4460:
4431:
4402:
4364:
4332:
4324:in the online
4295:
4262:
4247:
4219:
4191:
4183:in the online
4152:
4144:in the online
4116:in the online
4088:
4080:in the online
4051:
4025:
3984:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3923:
3918:
3912:
3904:
3901:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3872:
3865:
3858:
3843:
3832:
3829:Elisabeth Kopp
3825:
3814:
3807:
3796:
3785:
3778:Giuseppe Motta
3770:
3759:
3756:Felix Calonder
3748:
3737:
3718:
3707:
3692:
3685:
3678:
3637:
3636:List of firsts
3634:
3630:Elisabeth Kopp
3618:legal immunity
3613:
3610:
3577:
3574:
3526:Federal Palace
3509:Ignazio Cassis
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3447:
3444:
3413:oath of office
3409:
3408:
3404:
3401:
3361:
3358:
3337:
3336:
3314:
3313:
3295:
3277:
3259:
3241:
3226:Ignazio Cassis
3223:
3196:Main article:
3193:
3190:
3151:
3150:Travels abroad
3148:
3131:
3128:
3110:
3107:
3051:
3048:
3032:
3031:
3020:
3005:
2976:Federal Palace
2963:
2960:
2902:Federal Palace
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2877:Ignazio Cassis
2857:German-speaker
2853:Doris Leuthard
2849:French-speaker
2795:canton of Bern
2762:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2751:
2741:
2730:
2724:
2721:Doris Leuthard
2718:
2712:
2702:
2696:
2693:Elisabeth Kopp
2663:Elisabeth Kopp
2654:
2651:
2629:founded a new
2611:
2610:
2605:Main article:
2600:
2597:
2593:
2592:
2586:
2580:
2574:
2550:Main article:
2547:
2544:
2526:, SVP) on the
2524:People's Party
2506:
2503:
2463:Sonderbund War
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2417:
2414:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2323:
2313:
2308:
2305:
2298:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2283:
2273:
2268:
2265:
2258:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2243:
2233:
2228:
2225:
2218:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2201:
2191:
2186:
2184:1 January 2019
2181:
2174:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2155:
2145:
2140:
2137:
2130:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2115:
2105:
2100:
2097:
2090:
2088:Ignazio Cassis
2085:
2082:
2081:
2075:
2065:
2060:
2057:
2050:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2016:
2013:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1894:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1744:
1740:
1737:Municipalities
1735:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1665:Solothurn (SO)
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1645:Nidwalden (NW)
1642:
1640:Neuchâtel (NE)
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1559:European Union
1555:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1515:Federal courts
1513:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
770:
764:
761:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
499:
495:
493:
492:
486:
481:
480:
477:
476:
472:
471:
466:
456:
445:
444:
439:
438:
435:
434:
431:
430:
425:
424:
423:
413:
412:
411:
406:
401:
395:
385:
383:Ignazio Cassis
380:
375:
363:
358:
357:
354:
353:
350:
349:
343:
338:
337:
334:
333:
330:
329:
321:
320:
315:
312:
311:
299:
298:
291:
287:
286:
280:
276:
275:
262:
258:
257:
255:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
218:
216:
212:
211:
208:
202:
201:
196:
192:
191:
182:
178:
177:
172:
166:
165:
160:
159:
154:
149:
144:
134:
131:Vice-President
124:
122:Ignazio Cassis
119:
114:
103:
98:
91:
90:
87:
86:
78:
77:
75:
74:
63:
52:
41:
29:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6051:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6016:
6014:
6004:
5994:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5981:
5978:
5964:
5961:
5958:
5957:
5954:
5944:
5941:
5940:
5938:
5934:
5928:
5927:South Ossetia
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5909:
5907:
5903:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5776:Liechtenstein
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5639:and observers
5635:
5632:
5630:
5624:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5604:
5598:
5597:South Ossetia
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5579:
5577:
5573:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5446:Liechtenstein
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5313:
5311:
5309:and observers
5305:
5302:
5300:
5294:
5285:
5280:
5278:
5273:
5271:
5266:
5265:
5262:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5216:
5214:
5210:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5164:
5160:
5155:
5146:
5141:
5139:
5134:
5132:
5127:
5126:
5123:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5071:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5040:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5019:
5014:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4950:
4946:
4942:
4935:
4930:
4928:
4923:
4921:
4916:
4915:
4912:
4905:
4904:
4899:
4893:
4887:
4881:
4878:
4874:
4869:
4868:
4860:
4859:2-88295-104-3
4856:
4852:
4848:
4845:
4844:0-333-69277-2
4841:
4837:
4833:
4830:
4827:
4824:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4812:
4806:
4800:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4777:
4773:
4767:
4759:
4753:
4737:
4733:
4727:
4719:
4716:(in German).
4715:
4708:
4701:
4696:
4689:
4684:
4677:
4673:
4670:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4655:
4639:
4635:
4628:
4612:
4606:
4590:
4586:
4585:
4577:
4561:
4557:
4556:
4548:
4541:
4536:
4528:
4524:
4518:
4510:
4506:
4500:
4481:
4477:
4470:
4464:
4448:
4444:
4443:
4435:
4419:
4415:
4414:
4406:
4390:
4386:
4385:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4371:
4369:
4352:
4348:
4347:
4339:
4337:
4329:
4328:
4323:
4317:
4311:
4305:
4299:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4269:
4267:
4258:
4251:
4236:
4235:
4230:
4223:
4208:
4207:
4202:
4195:
4188:
4187:
4182:
4176:
4170:
4164:
4159:
4157:
4149:
4148:
4143:
4137:
4131:
4125:
4121:
4120:
4115:
4109:
4103:
4097:
4092:
4085:
4084:
4079:
4073:
4067:
4061:
4055:
4039:
4035:
4029:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3988:
3973:
3969:
3962:
3958:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3916:
3913:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3900:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3870:
3866:
3863:
3859:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3841:
3837:
3836:Ruth Dreifuss
3833:
3830:
3826:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3808:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3794:
3793:Rudolf Minger
3790:
3786:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3768:
3764:
3763:Liberal Party
3760:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3746:
3742:
3741:Adolf Deucher
3738:
3735:
3734:Leon Schlumpf
3731:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3690:
3686:
3683:
3679:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3647:
3642:
3633:
3631:
3625:
3621:
3619:
3605:
3601:
3599:
3593:
3590:
3585:
3583:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3567:red and white
3564:
3563:
3559:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3498:
3494:
3489:
3475:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3443:
3441:
3435:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3420:2003 election
3416:
3414:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3390:
3386:
3385:secret ballot
3381:
3374:
3370:
3369:2006 election
3366:
3360:Election mode
3357:
3355:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3339:In addition,
3334:
3330:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3163:
3161:
3160:head of state
3158:is the Swiss
3157:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3058:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3036:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2968:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2930:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2910:
2903:
2898:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2771:
2769:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2699:Ruth Dreifuss
2697:
2694:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2657:Women gained
2650:
2648:
2644:
2643:2015 election
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2627:Samuel Schmid
2624:
2620:
2616:
2608:
2603:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2560:
2553:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2536:Rudolf Minger
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2485:
2482:. Only after
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2445:
2430:
2422:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2374:Ancien RĂ©gime
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2349:
2347:
2328:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1951:head of state
1948:
1944:
1940:
1928:
1923:
1921:
1916:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1883:
1882:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1732:
1725:
1724:Landsgemeinde
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1650:Obwalden (OW)
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1610:Fribourg (FR)
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1567:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1548:
1547:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1510:
1503:
1500:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
771:
767:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
500:
491:
488:
487:
484:
479:
478:
470:
467:
464:
460:
457:
454:
450:
447:
446:
442:
437:
436:
429:
426:
422:
419:
418:
417:
414:
410:
407:
405:
402:
399:
396:
393:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
370:
368:
365:
364:
361:
356:
355:
348:
345:
344:
341:
336:
335:
332:
331:
327:
323:
322:
318:
314:
313:
309:
305:
304:
296:
292:
288:
284:
281:
277:
263:
259:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
219:
217:
213:
209:
207:
203:
200:
197:
193:
190:
186:
185:Head of state
183:
179:
176:
173:
171:
167:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
142:
138:
135:
132:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
112:
108:
105:
104:
95:
88:
84:
79:
68:
64:
57:
53:
46:
42:
35:
31:
30:
27:
22:
19:
5943:Transnistria
5880:
5613:Transnistria
5550:
5212:By-elections
5100:Home Affairs
5033:Demographics
4993:Albert Rösti
4981:
4967:
4965:Viola Amherd
4955:Guy Parmelin
4940:
4901:
4879:
4850:
4835:
4814:
4792:
4787:Bibliography
4775:
4766:
4752:
4740:. Retrieved
4735:
4726:
4707:
4695:
4683:
4641:. Retrieved
4638:www.admin.ch
4637:
4627:
4615:. Retrieved
4605:
4593:. Retrieved
4589:the original
4583:
4576:
4564:. Retrieved
4560:the original
4554:
4547:
4535:
4517:
4499:
4487:. Retrieved
4475:
4463:
4451:. Retrieved
4447:the original
4441:
4434:
4422:. Retrieved
4418:the original
4412:
4405:
4393:. Retrieved
4389:the original
4383:
4355:. Retrieved
4351:the original
4345:
4325:
4303:
4298:
4288:22 September
4286:. Retrieved
4282:the original
4278:Swissinfo.ch
4277:
4250:
4238:. Retrieved
4232:
4222:
4210:. Retrieved
4204:
4194:
4184:
4163:Zauberformel
4162:
4145:
4123:
4117:
4095:
4091:
4081:
4059:
4054:
4042:. Retrieved
4038:the original
4028:
3987:
3975:. Retrieved
3972:www.admin.ch
3971:
3961:
3898:
3880:Guy Parmelin
3767:Gustave Ador
3726:Victor Ruffy
3722:Eugène Ruffy
3655:Jonas Furrer
3626:
3622:
3615:
3594:
3586:
3579:
3571:
3562:Bundesweibel
3561:
3557:
3542:
3519:
3514:Bundesweibel
3512:
3468:Ruth Metzler
3466:in 1872, to
3462:in 1854, to
3449:
3440:collegiality
3436:
3427:
3417:
3410:
3377:
3341:Viktor Rossi
3338:
3318:Alain Berset
3315:
3280:Albert Rösti
3244:Viola Amherd
3208:Guy Parmelin
3201:
3164:
3153:
3144:collegiality
3133:
3124:collegiality
3120:transparency
3112:
3096:
3081:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3062:
3053:
3037:
3033:
2998:Viktor Rossi
2988:
2973:
2955:
2947:
2943:
2941:
2926:
2915:
2865:Guy Parmelin
2845:Joseph Deiss
2842:
2838:Neuchâtel NE
2827:
2807:Schaffhausen
2772:
2764:
2748:Viola Amherd
2738:Alain Berset
2705:Ruth Metzler
2686:
2675:
2656:
2647:Guy Parmelin
2619:Ruth Metzler
2612:
2594:
2559:Zauberformel
2557:
2555:
2518:(SP) on the
2510:ends of the
2508:
2478:, CVP), the
2471:
2461:
2453:
2447:
2427:
2391:
2372:
2350:
2343:
2325:Head of the
2285:Head of the
2245:Head of the
2216:Albert Rösti
2205:Head of the
2159:Head of the
2128:Viola Amherd
2117:Head of the
2077:Head of the
2048:Guy Parmelin
2018:
2009:term-limited
1986:
1971:
1938:
1936:
1823:Schaffhausen
1680:Thurgau (TG)
1635:Lucerne (LU)
1625:Grisons (GR)
421:Viktor Rossi
404:Albert Rösti
388:Viola Amherd
378:Guy Parmelin
359:
347:Human rights
340:Constitution
227:Jonas Furrer
152:Albert Rösti
147:Guy Parmelin
137:Viola Amherd
107:Viktor Rossi
18:
6003:Switzerland
5881:Switzerland
5811:Netherlands
5551:Switzerland
5481:Netherlands
4742:11 December
4060:Directorate
3977:24 February
3876:Ueli Maurer
3842:Councillor.
3663:Henri Druey
3549:Ueli Maurer
3446:Resignation
3180:to discuss
2859:. In 2016,
2635:Ueli Maurer
2456:(presently
2406:democracies
2321:Basel-Stadt
1768:Basel-Stadt
1705:Zurich (ZH)
1690:Valais (VS)
1675:Ticino (TI)
1660:Schwyz (SZ)
1620:Glarus (GL)
1615:Geneva (GE)
1590:Aargau (AG)
766:Referendums
237:Henri Druey
206:Term length
6013:Categories
5846:San Marino
5806:Montenegro
5786:Luxembourg
5766:Kazakhstan
5666:Azerbaijan
5629:government
5516:San Marino
5476:Montenegro
5456:Luxembourg
5436:Kazakhstan
5336:Azerbaijan
5064:presidents
4617:8 December
4240:12 January
4212:12 January
3895:Popularity
3804:Ernst Nobs
3715:Josef Zemp
3165:After the
3156:in corpore
3099:voice vote
3044:field trip
2956:in corpore
2948:in corpore
2944:in corpore
2892:Presidency
2540:Ernst Nobs
2499:Josef Zemp
2484:Emil Welti
2442:See also:
2402:San Marino
2199:St. Gallen
1955:government
1838:St. Gallen
1793:GraubĂĽnden
111:Chancellor
5781:Lithuania
5451:Lithuania
5003:Beat Jans
4489:31 August
4234:Swissinfo
4206:Swissinfo
3997:Bundesrat
3765:elected,
3754:speaker,
3724:, son of
3704:Numa Droz
3553:MĂĽnsingen
3456:impeached
3325:Beat Jans
3178:Dean Rusk
3103:consensus
3017:spokesman
2887:Operation
2803:Nidwalden
2793:from the
2781:from the
2709:see above
2365:collegial
2296:Beat Jans
2040:Function
2028:Portrait
1833:Solothurn
1813:Nidwalden
1808:Neuchâtel
1695:Vaud (VD)
1630:Jura (JU)
1605:Bern (BE)
1487:Mandatory
496:Elections
483:Elections
392:President
373:Beat Jans
308:a series
261:Formation
195:Appointer
157:Beat Jans
141:President
72:(Romansh)
61:(Italian)
34:Bundesrat
5991:Politics
5912:Abkhazia
5861:Slovenia
5856:Slovakia
5831:Portugal
5686:Bulgaria
5627:Heads of
5582:Abkhazia
5531:Slovenia
5526:Slovakia
5501:Portugal
5356:Bulgaria
5299:of state
5049:sortable
4776:Le Temps
4718:Der Bund
4672:Archived
4595:10 March
4566:10 March
4480:Archived
4453:10 March
4424:10 March
4395:10 March
4357:10 March
4044:17 March
3903:See also
3612:Immunity
3558:huissier
3497:everymen
3040:conclave
2659:suffrage
2454:Radicals
2189:Liberals
2103:Liberals
1818:Obwalden
1778:Fribourg
1700:Zug (ZG)
1685:Uri (UR)
1492:Optional
295:admin.ch
50:(French)
39:(German)
5977:Portals
5891:Ukraine
5836:Romania
5796:Moldova
5756:Ireland
5751:Iceland
5746:Hungary
5731:Germany
5726:Georgia
5716:Finland
5711:Estonia
5706:Denmark
5691:Croatia
5676:Belgium
5671:Belarus
5661:Austria
5656:Armenia
5651:Andorra
5646:Albania
5561:Ukraine
5506:Romania
5466:Moldova
5426:Ireland
5421:Iceland
5416:Hungary
5401:Germany
5396:Georgia
5386:Finland
5381:Estonia
5376:Denmark
5361:Croatia
5346:Belgium
5341:Belarus
5331:Austria
5326:Armenia
5321:Andorra
5316:Albania
5090:Finance
5054:by date
4897:Italian
4810:Italian
4700:Art. 14
4643:15 July
4321:Italian
4180:Italian
4141:Italian
4113:Italian
4077:Italian
4017:Romansh
4009:Italian
3774:Romance
3752:Romansh
3589:pension
3182:tariffs
3109:Secrecy
3088:statute
2488:railway
2398:Andorra
2381:of the
2379:cantons
2037:Canton
2031:Joined
2025:Member
2015:Members
1945:of the
1943:cabinet
1843:Thurgau
1803:Lucerne
1572:Cantons
463:members
453:members
367:Members
290:Website
269: (
5917:Kosovo
5886:Turkey
5876:Sweden
5851:Serbia
5826:Poland
5821:Norway
5801:Monaco
5771:Latvia
5736:Greece
5721:France
5696:Cyprus
5587:Kosovo
5556:Turkey
5546:Sweden
5521:Serbia
5496:Poland
5491:Norway
5471:Monaco
5441:Latvia
5406:Greece
5391:France
5366:Cyprus
4891:French
4885:German
4857:
4842:
4804:French
4798:German
4688:Art. 2
4315:French
4309:German
4174:French
4168:German
4135:French
4129:German
4107:French
4101:German
4071:French
4065:German
4001:French
3993:German
3840:Jewish
3834:1993:
3831:(FDP).
3802:(SP),
3758:(FDP).
3694:1875:
3387:by an
2811:Schwyz
2495:co-opt
2377:, the
2153:Valais
2143:Centre
2113:Ticino
2034:Party
2001:recall
1873:Zurich
1858:Valais
1848:Ticino
1828:Schwyz
1788:Glarus
1783:Geneva
1748:Aargau
490:Voting
310:on the
279:Salary
181:Status
70:
59:
48:
37:
5871:Spain
5791:Malta
5761:Italy
5541:Spain
5461:Malta
5431:Italy
5297:Heads
5021:About
4483:(PDF)
4472:(PDF)
4058:See:
3871:(SP).
2797:were
2528:Right
2003:or a
170:Style
5249:2022
5244:2018
5239:2017
5234:2010
5229:2009
5224:2008
5219:2006
5203:2023
5198:2019
5193:2015
5188:2011
5183:2007
5178:2003
5173:1999
4894:and
4882:in
4855:ISBN
4840:ISBN
4807:and
4795:in
4744:2022
4645:2023
4619:2022
4597:2009
4568:2009
4491:2023
4455:2009
4426:2009
4397:2009
4359:2009
4318:and
4306:in
4302:See
4290:2010
4242:2016
4214:2016
4177:and
4165:in
4138:and
4126:in
4110:and
4098:in
4074:and
4062:in
4046:2006
3979:2024
3673:and
3545:Army
3538:Lohn
3532:and
3022:the
3007:the
2980:Bern
2855:, a
2847:, a
2819:Jura
2789:and
2777:and
2746:and
2639:2015
2520:Left
2400:and
2281:Jura
2241:Bern
2073:Vaud
1987:The
1965:and
1953:and
1937:The
1863:Vaud
1798:Jura
1773:Bern
1474:2024
1469:2023
1464:2022
1459:2021
1454:2020
1449:2019
1444:2018
1439:2017
1434:2016
1429:2015
1424:2014
1419:2013
1414:2012
1409:2011
1404:2010
1399:2009
1394:2008
1389:2007
1384:2006
1379:2005
1374:2004
1369:2003
1364:2002
1359:2001
1354:2000
1349:1999
1344:1998
1339:1997
1334:1996
1329:1995
1324:1994
1319:1993
1314:1992
1309:1991
1304:1990
1299:1989
1294:1988
1289:1987
1284:1986
1279:1985
1274:1984
1269:1983
1264:1982
1259:1981
1254:1980
1249:1979
1244:1978
1239:1977
1234:1976
1229:1975
1224:1974
1219:1973
1214:1972
1209:1971
1204:1970
1199:1969
1194:1968
1189:1967
1184:1966
1179:1965
1174:1964
1169:1963
1164:1962
1159:1961
1154:1960
1149:1959
1144:1958
1139:1957
1134:1956
1129:1955
1124:1954
1119:1953
1114:1952
1109:1951
1104:1950
1099:1949
1094:1948
1089:1947
1084:1946
1079:1945
1074:1944
1069:1942
1064:1941
1059:1940
1054:1939
1049:1938
1044:1937
1039:1935
1034:1934
1029:1933
1024:1931
1019:1930
1014:1929
1009:1928
1004:1927
999:1926
994:1925
989:1924
984:1923
979:1922
974:1921
969:1920
964:1919
959:1918
954:1917
949:1915
944:1914
939:1913
934:1912
929:1910
924:1908
919:1907
914:1906
909:1905
904:1903
899:1902
894:1900
889:1898
884:1897
879:1896
874:1895
869:1894
864:1893
859:1891
854:1890
849:1889
844:1887
839:1885
834:1884
829:1882
824:1880
819:1879
814:1877
809:1876
804:1875
799:1874
794:1872
789:1866
784:1848
779:1802
774:1798
758:2023
753:2019
748:2015
743:2011
738:2007
733:2003
728:1999
723:1995
718:1991
713:1987
708:1983
703:1979
698:1975
693:1971
688:1967
683:1963
678:1959
673:1955
668:1951
663:1947
658:1943
653:1939
648:1935
643:1931
638:1928
633:1925
628:1922
623:1919
618:1917
613:1914
608:1911
603:1908
598:1905
593:1902
588:1899
583:1896
578:1893
573:1890
568:1887
563:1884
558:1881
553:1878
548:1875
543:1872
538:1869
533:1866
528:1863
523:1860
518:1857
513:1854
508:1851
503:1848
271:1848
264:1848
3791:),
3745:FDP
3598:SBB
3582:CHF
3560:or
3407:10.
3345:GLP
3284:SVP
3266:FDP
3230:FDP
3212:SVP
2978:in
2920:as
2840:).
2815:Uri
1868:Zug
1853:Uri
283:SFr
6015::
4888:,
4801:,
4774:.
4734:.
4653:^
4636:.
4478:.
4474:.
4367:^
4335:^
4312:,
4276:.
4265:^
4231:.
4203:.
4171:,
4155:^
4132:,
4122:.
4104:,
4068:,
4019::
4015:;
4011::
4007:;
4003::
3999:;
3995::
3970:.
3849:,
3824:).
3822:SP
3780:,
3747:).
3713:,
3669:,
3665:,
3661:,
3657:,
3653:,
3396:.
3333:BS
3329:SP
3306:JU
3302:SP
3288:BE
3270:SG
3252:VS
3248:DM
3234:TI
3216:VD
3188:.
3026::
3011::
2996::
2986:.
2958:.
2825:.
2813:,
2809:,
2805:,
2649:.
2542:.
2501:.
2396:,
1969:.
5979::
5283:e
5276:t
5269:v
5144:e
5137:t
5130:v
4987:)
4983:(
4973:)
4969:(
4933:e
4926:t
4919:v
4906:.
4846:.
4819:.
4760:.
4746:.
4720:.
4678:.
4647:.
4621:.
4599:.
4570:.
4493:.
4457:.
4428:.
4399:.
4361:.
4330:.
4292:.
4259:.
4244:.
4216:.
4189:.
4150:.
4086:.
4048:.
4023:)
3991:(
3981:.
3820:(
3806:.
3795:.
3769:.
3743:(
3736:.
3717:.
3691:.
3684:.
3677:.
3499:.
3343:(
3331:/
3327:(
3304:/
3300:(
3286:/
3282:(
3268:/
3264:(
3250:/
3246:(
3232:/
3228:(
3214:/
3210:(
3075:/
3071:(
1926:e
1919:t
1912:v
465:)
461:(
455:)
451:(
394:)
390:(
273:)
143:)
139:(
133:)
129:(
113:)
109:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
