February 26 incident

2132:, most notably Ishiwara and Akira Mutō, began a purge of the military. Of the twelve full generals in the army, nine were removed from active service by the end of April, including Kōdō-ha members Araki, Mazaki, Kawashima and Honjō. At the same time, other Kōdō-ha officers and their supporters were either removed from active service or sent to positions away from the capital, where they would be less able to influence policy. Among these were Yamashita, Kashii, Kofuji, Hori, Hashimoto and Yanagawa. Although other, non-Kōdō-ha officers were also targeted to a limited extent, the focus of the actions was clearly on eliminating Kōdō-ha influence. Almost every high-ranking officer who had helped support the Righteous Army during the uprising was therefore affected. 1341:, with his family. Arriving at 05:45, they stationed two men outside, then entered the inn with weapons drawn, at which point policemen stationed inside opened fire, beginning a lengthy gunfight. A policeman notified Makino and his party of the attack and led them to a rear entrance. The assassins fired upon the group as they left, but did not realize that Makino had managed to escape. Kōno was wounded in the chest during the gunfire and one policeman, Yoshitaka Minagawa, was killed. As Kōno was carried from the fighting, the assassins set fire to the building. Hearing a single shot, Kōno believed Makino had shot himself inside the burning building. The men took Kōno to a nearby military hospital where all were arrested by 154: 1831:

but explained that he could do nothing until they returned to their units. He also stated that he would fight them himself if they went against the Emperor's wishes. The rebels replied that if they received a formal order to return, they would of course obey it. Following the meeting, both Mazaki and the rebel officers were relieved. Mazaki believed the rebel officers would leave without violence and the rebels were apparently convinced that a Mazaki cabinet would be formed shortly after they did so. Kashii issued orders for the troops to stay the night in the buildings they had occupied and reported to the Emperor that the situation would be resolved by the morning.

2104:. Until this point reserve and retired officers had been allowed to serve in these positions. This demand was accepted and authorized by imperial commands on 18 May. This change would have far-reaching implications for the Japanese government, as it effectively gave veto power over government policies to the military services. By asking a minister to resign and refusing to appoint a new officer to serve as his replacement, the services could cause a government to fall at their pleasure. This fate would, in fact, meet Hirota less than a year later when Terauchi resigned over Hirota's refusal to dissolve the 47: 1465:. A group of the soldiers surrounded the policemen on guard, who surrendered. Five men, including Sakai, entered the residence and found Saitō and his wife Haruko on the second floor in their bedroom. They shot Saitō, who fell to the ground dead. His wife covered him with her body and told the soldiers, "Please kill me instead!" They pulled her off and continued to fire at Saitō. Haruko was wounded by a stray bullet. Following Saitō's death, two officers led a group of men to attack General Watanabe. The rest left to assume a position northeast of the Ministry of War. 167: 2141: 1217:

hiding by his brother-in-law, Colonel Denzō Matsuo. Matsuo, who was said to have resembled Okada, was then discovered and killed by the troops. The soldiers compared Matsuo's wounded face to a picture of the prime minister and concluded that they had succeeded in their mission. Okada escaped the next day, but this fact was kept a secret and he played no further role in the incident. After Matsuo's death, Kurihara's men assumed guard positions around the compound. They were joined by sixty men from the 3rd Imperial Guard (see below).

1202: 1972: 1486: 1768: 1764:) ill and away from the capital, Vice Chief of Staff Sugiyama had full control. Sugiyama, a member of the Tōsei-ha, had from the beginning favored the forcible removal of the rebel occupation of the capital. His unwillingness to accept a new cabinet and present a united front with the SMC to the Emperor would ultimately be a major factor in the uprising's collapse. Initially concerned about the uncertainty of the situation, however, he only called in reinforcements from outside Tokyo. 1583: 292: 281: 270: 259: 248: 227: 216: 814:. However, once it was clear that the officers were determined to act anyway, they moved to support them. Another barrier to be overcome was opposition to the involvement of troops from Teruzō Andō, who had sworn an oath to his commander not to involve his men in any direct action. Andō's position in the 3rd Infantry Regiment (the largest source of troops) was essential to the plot, so Muranaka and Nonaka spoke with him repeatedly, ultimately wearing down his resistance. 1448:

Nakahashi had difficulty contacting his allies, however, and by 08:00 Honma had learned of his involvement in the uprising. Nakahashi was ordered at gunpoint to leave the palace grounds. He did so, joining Kurihara at the Prime Minister's Residence. His soldiers remained at the gate until they were relieved at 13:00, at which point they returned to their barracks. For this reason, these 75 soldiers were not included in the government's official tally of rebel forces.

1955:

the building and called for Nonaka to come outside. Shortly afterwards, Nonaka shot himself. Isobe claimed that Nonaka was forced to commit suicide in an attempt to pressure the rest of the officers to do the same. The final rebel officer to commit suicide was Kōno, still hospitalized from the failed attack on Makino, who stabbed himself with a knife a week later. The remaining officers were arrested by military police at 18:00. They were all stripped of their rank.

1900:

to fight. Kofuji learned this at 14:00, when he finally attempted to gather the officers to read them the imperial command and they refused to return to their units (the orders had to be formally given in order to be valid). Soon after, at 16:00, Martial Law Headquarters announced that force would be used and the rebel troops were removed from Kofuji's command at 18:00. At 23:00 orders went out to begin preparations at 05:00 on 29 February for a general attack.

1844: 1964: 1909: 1538: 1385: 1503: 1753:

especially from the Army General Staff and navy. Many within the army were pleased by the assassinations because they had removed a number of the army's opponents within the government. However, they could not accept the more radical social ideas included within a "Shōwa Restoration" and were not disposed to accept a Kōdō-ha-dominated cabinet. Others, such as Kanji Ishiwara, were infuriated at the rebel officers' use of troops without authorization.

1917: 1631: 1701: 1808:. The Emperor and Sugiyama's opposition had prevented the achievement of its primary goal: the appointment of a military-dominated cabinet centered around Mazaki. Although the Righteous Army had managed to achieve a degree of official recognition for their actions, it was obvious that they could not occupy their positions indefinitely. Their presence was their strongest bargaining chip, but even their supporters felt that it needed to end. 137: 1079: 3660: 1156: 1221: 1859:

day, demanding to know if the rebels had been suppressed. When Honjō spoke in defense of the officers' motives, the Emperor angrily replied "killing my ministers is tantamount to strangling me with cotton wool" and added that the rebels deserved no leniency. At one point, Hirohito became so impatient he threatened to assume personal command of the Imperial Guard and order them to attack the rebels himself.

1395: 1732:

charged them with maintaining law and order in their area. Thus, the rebel officers were no longer acting illegally by occupying their positions. As with the earlier Minister of War's Proclamation, this order was later justified as an attempt to convince the rebel officers to end their occupation. The officers were, however, encouraged by the act and convinced that they were on the verge of success.

492: 1444:, and he told the commander of the palace guard, Major Kentarō Honma, that he had been dispatched to reinforce the gates because of the attacks earlier that morning. Honma had been informed of the attacks, so he found Nakahashi's arrival unsurprising. Nakahashi was assigned to help secure the Sakashita Gate, the main entrance to the grounds directly in front of the Kyūden (the Emperor's residence). 2049:

Major-General Isao Yoshida, protested to the Ministry of War that the charges were improper. However, the Tōsei-ha generals now dominant in the IJA had decided that the two men's influence had to be eliminated; Yoshida later wrote another judge to tell him that regardless of the lack of evidence, it had been decided that the two must die. They were sentenced to death on 14 August 1937.

585:(a graduate school for midlevel officers). The latter group formed the elite of the officer corps, while officers of the former group were effectively barred by tradition from advancement to higher-level staff positions. A number of these lesser-privileged officers formed the army's contribution to the young, highly politicized group often referred to as the "young officers" 787:, as Aizawa and the Kokutai Genri-ha leadership, in collusion with the judges, turned it into a soapbox from which their ideology could be broadcast. Aizawa's supporters in the mass media praised his "morality and patriotism", and Aizawa himself came to be seen as "a simple soldier who sought only to reform the army and the nation according to the true National Principle." 1887:

when 10:00 passed without any word of movement by the rebel officers, they approved the use of force. However, when Hori and Kofuji came to see Kashii at 10:40, the three agreed that it was too early to enact the imperial command. It has also been suggested that a lack of preparedness on the part of government forces was another factor. Either way, the action was delayed.

1410:; sources differ), marched to Takahashi's personal residence. There he split his men in half and took one group to attack the residence while having the other stand guard outside. After the men smashed their way into the compound, confused servants led Nakahashi and Lieutenant Kanji Nakajima to Takahashi's bedroom. There, Nakahashi shot the sleeping Takahashi with his 2029:, the rebel officers argued that their actions had been approved by the Minister of War's Proclamation and their incorporation into the martial law forces, and that they had never been formally presented with the imperial command. The verdicts were handed down on 4 June and the sentences on 5 July: all were found guilty and seventeen were 760:(November Incident) and its consequences. In this incident, Captain Takaji Muranaka and Captain Asaichi Isobe, prominent members of the Kokutai Genri-ha, were arrested for planning a coup with a group of military cadets. Muranaka and Isobe admitted discussing such a coup, but denied having any plans to actually carry it out. The 1659:, Vice Chief of Staff. The SMC, while a prestigious part of the IJA, had little function in peacetime and had therefore become a body to which high-ranking officers could be appointed without actually granting them power. For this reason, by 1936 a number of Kōdō-ha generals, including Araki and Mazaki, had been made members. 1643:, stabilize national life, and fulfill national defense." The Emperor refused and demanded that Kawashima suppress the uprising. When the remaining members of Okada's government, unaware that he was alive, attempted to resign that afternoon, Hirohito told them he would not allow it until the uprising had been suppressed. 466:. Their supporters in the army made attempts to capitalize on their actions, but divisions within the military, combined with Imperial anger at the coup, meant they were unable to achieve a change of government. Facing overwhelming opposition as the army moved against them, the rebels surrendered on 29 February. 1943:. The broadcasts and leaflets assured soldiers it was not too late to return to their units and informed them of the imperial command. (The broadcasts would cause later problems, for they had promised all crimes would be forgiven.) These efforts, together with the hopeless odds, had a devastating effect. 1529:. Takahashi then rushed forward and stabbed Watanabe with his sword. Watanabe's nine-year-old daughter, Kazuko, witnessed his death as she hid behind a table nearby. The soldiers then boarded their trucks and left, taking their two wounded to a hospital, then assuming a position in northern Nagatachō. 2052:

The only significant military figure to be tried for involvement in the uprising was Mazaki, charged with collaborating with the rebel officers. Although his own testimony showed him to be guilty of the charge, he was found not guilty on 25 September 1937. This has been attributed to the influence of

1899:

Not all the rebels had been prepared to commit suicide. Andō had been infuriated at the idea, yelling that "the generals want to use us as footstools and have us kill ourselves". His rejection of the idea and the Emperor's refusal led to a change of heart among the officers. By 13:30 they had decided

1895:

and the NCOs would take the soldiers back to their barracks. Yamashita, joined by Kawashima, immediately went to the Imperial Palace, where he informed Honjō of the officers' request for the Imperial Command for their suicide, perceived to be the only honourable way out for them. Honjō, thinking this

1890:

Yamashita visited the Ministry of War at 12:00 and told the rebel officers that the issuance of the imperial command was merely a matter of time and that they should "take responsibility". Hori joined the group at 12:30 and confirmed Yamashita's words. Shortly after, Kurihara, speaking for the group,

1662:

The authority of this meeting was disputed; it had not been convened by the Emperor, and Sugiyama argued that it had no authority. Araki countered that the "elders of the army" had a moral obligation to resolve the situation. The Kōdō-ha members and their supporters controlled a clear majority of the

1057:

The first four mentioned in the above list survived the attempted coup. Saionji, Saitō, Suzuki and Makino were targeted because they were the most influential Imperial advisers. Okada and Takahashi were moderate political leaders who had worked to restrain the military. Finally, Watanabe was targeted

1839:

However, unknown to Kashii, Mazaki and the rebel officers, Sugiyama had already asked the Emperor at 08:20 to issue an imperial command authorizing the use of force against the Righteous Army. This was immediately granted and issued to Sugiyama, to be released at his discretion. Addressed to Kashii,

1830:

and Yoshikazu Nishi), arrived at the Ministry of War at 16:00. Gathered there were all the rebel officers except Andō and Kurihara, who were in charge of the troops outside, and Kōno, who was still hospitalized. The rebels told Mazaki that they were entrusting everything to him. Mazaki thanked them,

1606:

and member of the Kōdō-ha, at about 05:00. Honjō then contacted his subordinates and the chief of the military police and headed to the palace. The Emperor himself learned of the incident at 05:40 and met with Honjō shortly after 06:00. He told Honjō to end the incident, although he was not specific

1545:

Captain Shirō Nonaka took nearly a third of all the rebels' troops, 500 men from the 3rd Infantry Regiment, to attack the headquarters of the Tokyo Metropolitan Police, located directly south of the Imperial Palace, with the goal of securing its communication equipment and preventing the dispatch of

1481:

with his sword, when Suzuki's wife pleaded to be allowed to do it herself. Believing Suzuki to be mortally wounded, Andō agreed. He apologized to her, explaining that it was done for the sake of the nation. He then ordered his men to salute Suzuki and they left to guard the Miyakezaka junction north

800:

The Kokutai Genri-ha had long supported a violent uprising against the government. The decision to finally act in February 1936 was caused by two factors. The first was the decision announced in December 1935 to transfer the 1st Division, to which most of the Kokutai Genri-ha's officers belonged, to

768:, but Muranaka and Isobe were suspended by the army. The two were convinced that the incident was a Tōsei-ha attack on the young officers and began circulating a pamphlet calling for a "housecleaning" of the IJA and naming Tetsuzan Nagata as the "chief villain". They were then expelled from the IJA. 723:

The exact nature of the relationship between the Kōdō-ha and the Kokutai Genri-ha was complicated, with historians treating the two factions either as the same entity or as two groups forming a larger whole. However, contemporary accounts and the writings of members of the two groups make clear they

2036:

Four more trials took place for those directly involved in the attacks: one for those NCOs involved in the attacks on Saitō, Watanabe and Tokyo police headquarters; one for those NCOs involved in the attacks on Okada, Takahashi, Suzuki and the Ministry of War; one for the soldiers involved in those

1954:

by shooting himself in the head. The rest assembled at the Ministry of War. There they met Yamashita and Ishiwara, who suggested that they commit suicide. They allowed the men to keep their sidearms and left. Colonel Nobutoki Ide, a member of the General Staff and Nonaka's former commander, came to

1886:

A meeting of the heads of the army – including Kawashima, Kashii and Sugiyama – had been held from the early morning onward (Araki and Mazaki had attempted to attend but had been told to leave, as the SMC had no authority). Kawashima and Kashii attempted to convince the group to avoid violence, but

1752:

Despite the above developments, the position of the Righteous Army was less secure than it seemed. Most significantly, as noted above, the Emperor and his court officials had taken a hard line towards the uprising. In addition, the rebels also faced important opposition within the military as well,

1696:

Another point of controversy was the proclamation's wording. Although the above text notes that the rebels' "motives" were recognized, another version of the text was distributed by Kashii (possibly at Kawashima's instructions) shortly after 15:30 to military units in Tokyo. This version recognized

1626:

Tadataka Hirohata. These officials met after learning of the attacks from Suzuki's secretary. They took a hard line, advising the Emperor that he should demand that efforts be concentrated on suppressing the uprising and that he must not accept the resignation of the current government, as doing so

1447:

Nakahashi's plan had been to secure the Sakashita Gate, then use flashlights to signal the nearby rebel troops at police headquarters to join him. Having gained control over access to the Emperor, the rebels would then be able to prevent anyone but Honjō and others they approved of from seeing him.

2006:

The main trial of the ringleaders of the rebellion (the nineteen surviving officers, Isobe, Muranaka and two other civilians) began on 28 April. The trial was held in secret, and the defendants did not have rights to legal representation, call witnesses or appeal. The judges were not interested in

1938:

From 08:00 the IJA began a major propaganda push towards the rebel troops. Three planes scattered leaflets from the air, a giant ad balloon adorned with the words, "The Imperial Command has been issued, do not resist the Army colors!" was suspended nearby and a series of radio broadcasts were made

1858:

The Emperor had, by the end of 27 February, become increasingly impatient with the failure of the Army to suppress the uprising as he had ordered on the previous day. The Navy's quick response satisfied him but the Army's hesitation was inexplicable to the Emperor. He summoned Honjō throughout the

1520:

As the men attempted to enter the front of the residence, they were fired upon by military police stationed inside. Yasuda and another soldier were wounded. The soldiers then forced their way in through the rear entrance, where they encountered Watanabe's wife standing outside their bedroom on the

1305:

plotters (who had hoped to make him prime minister). Minami, Muto, Nemoto and Katakura were all prominent members of the Tōsei-ha faction. Katakura was also partly responsible for reporting the Military Academy Incident. When Isobe encountered him outside the Ministry of War later that morning, he

1216:

and forced its guards to open the gates. Upon entering the compound and attempting to find the prime minister, however, they were fired upon by four policemen. All four were killed after wounding six of the rebel soldiers, but the gunfire succeeded in warning Okada of the danger. He was taken into

1061:

Saionji's name was ultimately removed from the list, though the reasons why are disputed. Some of the officers' allies argued that he should be left alive to be used to help convince the Emperor to appoint Mazaki as prime minister, and this is commonly given as the reason. However, Isobe testified

771:

It was at this time that the last Kōdō-ha officer in a prominent position, General Jinzaburō Mazaki, was forced out of office. The insidious and cantankerous Mazaki was generally disliked by his colleagues and his removal was not purely political but the young officers were enraged because, having

1882:

At 08:00 the rebel officers' nominal superior, Major Kofuji, was told to inform the officers of the imperial command and order them to return to their units. However, Muranaka and Kōda had already heard of the command from Nakahashi. Believing the order to be a mistake, they went to see him. When

1731:

in the 1st Division's operational area (which included the area being occupied by the rebel troops). This had the effect of formally placing the rebel troops within the chain of command under Lieutenant General Takeo Hori's 3rd Infantry Regiment. Hori placed them under Colonel Satoshi Kofuji and

2002:

to try those involved in the uprising. All 1,483 members of the Righteous Army were interrogated, but ultimately only 124 were prosecuted: nineteen officers, 73 NCOs, nineteen soldiers and ten civilians. Of these, all of the officers, 43 NCOs, three soldiers and all of the civilians were found

1086:

From 22 February on, the seven leaders managed to convince eighteen other officers to join the uprising with varying degrees of enthusiasm. Non-commissioned officers (NCOs) were informed on the night of 25 February, hours before the attacks started. Although the officers insisted that all NCOs

805:

in the spring. This meant that if the officers did not strike before then, any possible action would be delayed by years. The second was Aizawa's trial. The impact of his actions had impressed the officers, and they believed that by acting while his trial was still in progress, they could take

1811:

It was for this reason that Araki, Mazaki and most of the other members of the SMC met with Muranaka and Kurihara at the Ministry of War on the night of 26 February. There they congratulated the officers again, but asked that they return to their units and leave the rest to the SMC. The rebel

2048:

Kita and Nishida were also charged as ringleaders of the rebellion and tried in a separate trial. Their actions during the uprising had only been indirect (primarily providing support over the telephone) and as such they did not actually meet the requirements of the charge. The chief judge,

1666:

Despite the Emperor's order to Kawashima that the uprising be suppressed, Araki proposed that a message be drafted to the rebels. This message, which came to be known as the "Minister of War's Proclamation", has become a point of controversy (it was issued in Kawashima's name because of the

1812:

officers refused, correctly pointing out that it was only because they had fully armed troops behind them the generals were prepared to listen, and again spoke of the need to promote the Shōwa Restoration and form a "strong cabinet centered around the military". No agreement was reached.

1823:: a new cabinet under Admiral Eisuke Yamamoto would be appointed and the rebel troops would return to their units. This compromise was rejected by both Sugiyama (who insisted the Emperor would not approve a new cabinet) and the rebel officers (who would only accept a Mazaki cabinet). 826:

The uprising was planned in a series of meetings held between 18 and 22 February by Nishida, Yasuhide Kurihara, Teruzō Andō, Hisashi Kōno, Takaji Muranaka and Asaichi Isobe. The plan decided upon was relatively simple. The officers would assassinate the most prominent enemies of the

1896:

was a good solution for all parties concerned, asked his majesty that the request be granted, but to his surprise, the Emperor flatly refused. His fury was such that he blurted "If they want to die, do as they wish. Do it on their own. An Imperial Command is out of question".

817:

February 26 was chosen because the officers had been able to arrange to have themselves and their allies serve as duty officers on that date, facilitating their access to arms and ammunition. The date also allowed Mazaki to testify at Aizawa's trial as scheduled on the 25th.

1108:. Including officers, civilians and men from other units, the total size of the Righteous Army was 1,558 men. An official count of 1,483 was given at the time; this number excludes the 75 men who participated in Nakahashi's attempt to secure the Imperial Palace (see below). 1743:

concurred, and the edict was signed by the Emperor at 01:20 on the 27th. Kashii was made chief of Martial Law Headquarters. In his first order, issued later that morning, he ordered the rebel troops to enforce martial law in the Kōjimachi area (which they were occupying.)

1692:

Once approved, Yamashita brought the message to the rebels in the Ministry of War, who were pleased but somewhat confused by its vagueness. Some of the officers later testified that Yamashita claimed that the Emperor had approved the message, but Yamashita denied this.

1934:

By the morning of 29 February, the Righteous Army, consisting of less than 1,500, was surrounded by more than 20,000 loyal government troops and 22 tanks. The general attack was planned for 09:00. By 05:30 all civilians in the surrounding areas had been evacuated.

887:, which they wanted to be handed to the Emperor. The document was prepared by Muranaka, but written in Shirō Nonaka's name as he was the highest-ranking officer involved in the plot. The document was entirely in line with Kokutai Genri-ha ideals, blaming the 1697:

the rebels' "actions" rather than their "motives". This difference has been attributed to Kōdō-ha manipulation of the text after-the-fact. Araki, Yamashita and others claimed that what Kashii distributed was an earlier, unfinished draft of the proclamation.

1862:

The General Staff and Martial Law Headquarters decided to release the imperial command at 05:00 on the 28th. From this point on formal documents, which had previously used "uprising", the word chosen by the rebel officers themselves, began to use the word

1371:(containing 4,000 different characters) on the floor, temporarily preventing the newspaper from publishing. Following the attack the men distributed copies of the uprising's manifesto to nearby newspapers and returned to the Prime Minister's Residence. 835:, then submit their demands (the dismissal of certain officers and the appointment of a new cabinet led by Mazaki). They had no longer-term goals, believing that those should be left to the Emperor. It is believed that they were prepared to replace 1739:. The cabinet initially opposed this measure, as it feared it would be used to impose military rule (just as the young officers hoped), but they had no choice but to approve it after Kawashima insisted it was necessary to resolve the uprising. The 1062:

later that he had rejected these suggestions and continued to make arrangements for the attack on Saionji. According to his account, the attack was only canceled after the officers assigned to carry it out (teachers at a military school in

477:

faction lost its influence within the army, while the military, now free from infighting, increased its control over the civilian government, which had been severely weakened by the assassination of key moderate and liberal-minded leaders.

1567:. They met no resistance and soon secured the building, possibly due to a police decision to leave the situation in the hands of the army. Nonaka's group was as large as it was because they were intended to move on to the palace itself. 1366:

newspaper. Charging into the building, the officers forced the newspaper employees to evacuate while yelling that the attack was "divine retribution for being an un-Japanese newspaper". They then overturned and scattered the newspaper's

906:

Now, as we are faced with great emergencies both foreign and domestic, if we do not execute the disloyal and unrighteous who threaten the kokutai, if we do not cut away the villains who obstruct the Emperor's authority, who block the

2037:

attacks; one for the NCO and six civilians involved in the attack on Makino. A series of trials were also held for 37 men charged with indirectly supporting the rebellion. Twenty-four were found guilty, with punishments ranging from

724:

were actually distinct groups in a mutually beneficial alliance. The Kōdō-ha shielded the Kokutai Genri-ha and provided it with access, while they in exchange benefited from their perceived ability to restrain the radical officers.

809:

The decision to act was initially opposed by Nishida and Kita when they learned of it. The pair's relationship with most of the officers had become relatively distant in the years leading up to the uprising, and they were against

867:

and Takeo Hori. Kawashima's successor as Minister of War later remarked that if all the officers who had supported the rebels had been forced to resign, there wouldn't have been enough high-ranking officers left to replace them.

2076:

Despite the failure of the coup, the February 26 Incident had the effect of significantly increasing the military's influence over the civilian government. The Okada cabinet resigned on 9 March and a new cabinet was formed by

1417:

Once Takahashi was dead, Nakahashi sent the group that had participated in the attack to join the troops already at the Prime Minister's Residence. He then accompanied the remaining group of men onward to the Imperial Palace.

1638:

Kawashima met with the Emperor at 09:30 after his meeting with the rebel officers at the Ministry of War. He read the officers' manifesto and demands aloud and then recommended the Emperor form a new cabinet to "clarify the

1493:

Andō had visited Suzuki at his home in 1934 to suggest that Araki be appointed prime minister following Saitō's resignation. Suzuki had rejected the suggestion, but Andō had come away with a favorable impression of Suzuki.

1477:. They surrounded and disarmed the police on guard, then a group entered the building. After Suzuki was discovered in his bedroom, he was shot twice (sources differ as to who fired the shots). Andō then moved to deliver a 623:

and the state). To them, the "privileged classes" exploited the people, leading to widespread poverty in rural areas, and deceived the Emperor, usurping his power and weakening Japan. The solution, they believed, was a

2068:. The execution of Muranaka and Isobe was delayed so that they could testify at Kita and Nishida's trial. Muranaka, Isobe, Kita and Nishida were executed by firing squad at the same location on 14 August 1937. 2190:, where the ashes of the executed men had been placed. The "twenty-two" signifies the nineteen men executed, the two who committed suicide (Nonaka and Kōno) and Aizawa. Then, in 1965, they placed a statue of 1883:

they met Kofuji, he only told them to come to 1st Division Headquarters. There they met General Hori, who lied to them, telling them that no command had been issued. The relieved but skeptical officers left.

1708:

Two other developments deepened the rebel officers' impression that their uprising had succeeded. At 15:00, shortly before the Minister of War's message was released, Kashii, acting as commander of the Tokyo

783:, Lieutenant-Colonel Saburō Aizawa, a member of the Kokutai Genri-ha and a friend of Mazaki, murdered Nagata in his office in retaliation. Aizawa's public trial, which began in late January 1936, became a 842:

The young officers believed they had at least tacit approval for their uprising from a number of important IJA officers after making a number of informal approaches. These included Araki, Minister of War

1667:

unofficial nature of the SMC meeting). Araki and other participants argued later that it had been intended to persuade the officers to surrender. Others interpreted it as an endorsement of the uprising.

1321:. Saitō praised the young officers' spirit and urged Kawashima to accept their demands. Shortly before 09:00, Kawashima stated that he needed to speak with the Emperor and left for the Imperial Palace. 1104:'s 1st Infantry Regiment (11th and MG companies; 456 men) and 3rd Infantry Regiment (1st, 3rd, 6th, 7th, 10th, and MG companies; 937 men). The only other significant contribution was 138 men from the 738:

The years leading up to the February 26 Incident were marked by a series of outbursts of violence by the young officers and their fellow nationalists against political opponents. Most notable was the

673:

and disciple of Kita, Nishida had become a prominent member of the civilian nationalist societies that proliferated in Japan from the late 1920s. He referred to the army group as the Kokutai Genri-ha

911:, the Imperial plan for our nation will come to nothing To cut away the evil ministers and military factions near the Emperor and destroy their heart: that is our duty and we will complete it. 469:

Unlike earlier examples of political violence by young officers, the coup attempt had severe consequences. After a series of closed trials, nineteen of the uprising's leaders were executed for

1574:. Gotō was not home, however, and escaped the attack. This attack appears to have been the result of an independent decision by Suzuki rather than part of the officers' overall plan, however. 1598:

The Imperial Palace learned of the uprising when Captain Ichitarō Yamaguchi, a supporter of rebel officers and duty officer for the 1st Infantry Regiment, informed his father-in-law, General

2116:

Although only Mazaki faced criminal charges, this didn't mean that the Kōdō-ha didn't suffer any consequences from the incident. Under Terauchi's auspices, "reform staff officers"

2007:

hearing about the defendants' motives and intentions, and forced them to concentrate on their actions in their testimony. The trial was therefore far different from the ordinary

702:

Despite its relatively small size, the Kokutai Genri-ha faction was influential, due in no small part to the threat it posed. It had sympathizers among the general staff and the

1213: 749:. This incident is significant because it convinced the young army officers (who were aware of, but not involved in, the attack) of the need to utilize troops in any potential 4158: 1950:

Realizing the hopelessness, by noon all the officers except Andō had released their soldiers. Finally, at 13:00, Andō ordered his men to leave and unsuccessfully attempted

776:

during his time as War Minister, Mazaki had become the focus of their hopes. Muranaka and Isobe released a new pamphlet attacking Nagata for the dismissal, as did Nishida.

1513:

Following the attack on Saitō, twenty men led by 2nd Lieutenant Tarō Takahashi and 2nd Lieutenant Yutaka Yasuda boarded two trucks and headed to Watanabe's residence in

2089:, the new cabinet's Minister of War, made his displeasure with some of the selections clear. Hirota gave in to Terauchi's demands and changed his selections, choosing 1233:

Captain Kiyosada Kōda, accompanied by Muranaka, Isobe, and others, led 160 men to seize control of the Minister of War's residence, the Ministry of War itself and the

1517:, on the outskirts of Tokyo, arriving shortly after 07:00. Despite the two hours that had passed since the other attacks, no attempt had been made to warn Watanabe. 1093:, many of the NCOs argued later that they had been in no real position to refuse to participate. The soldiers themselves, 70% of whom were less than a month out of 1826:

Finally a settlement seemed to have been reached when the rebel officers asked to see Mazaki on 27 February. Mazaki, accompanied by two other members of the SMC (

1655:

The Supreme Military Council (SMC) held an unofficial meeting in the afternoon, attended by a number of other officers including Kashii, Yamashita, Kawashima and

1237:. Once this had been accomplished, they entered the residence and asked to see Minister Kawashima. When they were admitted to see him at 06:30, they read their 4257: 2194:, the Buddhist goddess of mercy, dedicated to the memories of the rebel officers and their victims at the former location of the Shibuya execution grounds. 1547: 3625: 1356:

At approximately 10:00, Kurihara and Nakahashi boarded three trucks with sixty men and traveled from the Prime Minister's Residence to the offices of the

4222: 569:

from 1931 to 1934, occupying most significant staff positions, but many of its members were replaced by Tōsei-ha officers following Araki's resignation.

275: 1402:

1st Lieutenant Motoaki Nakahashi of the 3rd Imperial Guard assembled 135 men and, telling his commanders that they were going to pay their respects at

2085:. This transition was not without its problems, however. When the selection of Hirota was made clear and efforts began to assemble a cabinet, General 1426:

Nakahashi and his 75 men entered the palace grounds using the western Hanzō Gate at 06:00. Nakahashi's unit was the scheduled emergency relief company

210: 1329:

Captain Hisashi Kōno commanded a team consisting of seven members, including six civilians, to attack Makino, who was staying at Kōfūsō, part of the

232: 1760:

made up of the Chief of Staff, Vice Chief of Staff and Inspector General of Military Education. With Watanabe assassinated and the Chief of Staff (

1570:

After the occupation of the police headquarters, 2nd Lieutenant Kinjirō Suzuki led a small group to attack the nearby residence of Fumio Gotō, the

286: 652: 710:, the Emperor's brother (and, until 1933, his heir), who was friends with Nishida and other Kokutai Genri-ha leaders. Despite being fiercely 2148:

The parents, widows, and children of the executed rebels, who were prevented by the government from commemorating them until the end of the

2100:

This interference with cabinet selection was followed by a demand that only active-duty officers be allowed to serve as Minister of War and

1301:

As Minister of War (1924–27, 1929–31), Ugaki had overseen a reduction in size and modernization of the army. He had also failed to back the

2162:. They have established two sites in Tokyo commemorating the officers of the February 26 Incident. In 1952, shortly after the end of the 1234: 4232: 2045:

45. The most noteworthy of these were Ichitarō Yamaguchi (life imprisonment), Ryu Saitō (five years) and Sakichi Mitsui (three years).

4237: 665:

The loose-knit young officers group varied in size, but is estimated to have had roughly 100 regular members, mostly officers in the

3647: 1473:

Captain Teruzō Andō led 200 men of the 3rd Infantry Regiment to Suzuki's private residence just across from the Imperial Palace in

1097:, were not told anything before the coup began, though many were (according to the officers) enthusiastic once the uprising began. 3541: 1627:

would "effectively be granting victory to the rebel army". It was after hearing this advice that Hirohito hardened his position.

1163:

The night of 25 February brought heavy snowfall to Tokyo. This heartened the rebel officers because it reminded them of the 1860

753:

attempt. The ringleaders of the incident, as in the previous March and October incidents, received relatively light punishments.

871:

The young officers prepared an explanation of their intentions and grievances in a document entitled "Manifesto of the Uprising"

1615: 1012: 537:

The Kōdō-ha emphasized the importance of Japanese culture, spiritual purity over material quality, and the need to attack the

1101: 4247: 3655: 2569:"内外眞ニ重大危急、今ニシテ國体破壊ノ不義不臣ヲ誅戮シテ稜威ヲ遮リ御維新ヲ阻止シ來タレル奸賊ヲ芟除スルニ非ズンバ皇模ヲ一空セン。君側ノ奸臣軍賊ヲ斬除シテ、彼ノ中樞ヲ粉砕スルハ我等ノ任トシテ能ク為スベシ。", Chaen (2001), p. 27 640:

those who exploited the people, restoring prosperity to the nation. These beliefs were strongly influenced by contemporary

17: 2082: 780: 1792: 1619: 4197: 556: 1684:

All the Supreme War Councilors have agreed to unite and move forward in accordance with the principles stated above.

1309:

During this period, a number of officers sympathetic to the rebels were admitted, including General Mazaki, General

4252: 1018:

Support for the London Naval Treaty, involvement in Mazaki's dismissal, establishing a court faction with Makino.

4202: 3724: 1525:

for cover. Watanabe opened fire with his pistol, whereupon one of the soldiers fired a burst at him with a light

1209:

The attack on Okada consisted of 280 men from the 1st Infantry Regiment led by 1st Lieutenant Yasuhide Kurihara.

3832: 3730: 578: 1034:

Involvement in party politics, attempting to weaken the military, continuing the existing economic structure.

4227: 4008: 2187: 1778:

The Naval Staff had taken a similarly dim view of the uprising, at least partly due to the attacks on three

619:(an amorphous term often translated as "national polity", it roughly signifies the relationship between the 4207: 3838: 3640: 2101: 604:

The young officers believed that the problems facing the nation were the result of Japan straying from the

2030: 1774:

Land Force of Yokosuka arriving at Shibaura, Tokyo, following the outbreak of the "February 26 Incident".

1164: 1245:

The rapid resolution of the situation by Kawashima in a way that "advanced the cause of the Restoration"

4212: 4077: 3694: 2163: 1461:

1st Lieutenant Naoshi Sakai led 120 men from the 3rd Infantry Regiment to Saitō's private residence in

514:. By the early 1930s, officers in the high command had become split into two main informal groups: the 1681:

The current state of the national polity (including its defilement) is a matter of great regret to us.

3978: 3929: 1848: 1761: 1256: 1185: 1184:

between 03:30 and 04:00. The attacks on Okada, Takahashi, Suzuki, Saito, the Ministry of War and the

757: 309: 1819:

between Ishiwara and Lieutenant Colonel Sakichi Mitsui, a supporter of the uprising. They reached a

733: 4242: 3966: 3760: 1926:

3. Your fathers, mothers, brothers, and sisters are all weeping because they will become traitors.

582: 901:

through their selfishness and disrespect for the Emperor and asserting the need for direct action:

3633: 984: 937: 743: 703: 451: 221: 4217: 3826: 2105: 1840:

the command ordered him to quickly evict "the officers and men occupying the Miyakezaka area".

1771: 1740: 1105: 696: 636:", the officers would enable the Emperor to re-establish his authority. The Emperor would then 503: 450:

Although the rebels succeeded in assassinating several leading officials (including two former

440: 172: 159: 46: 3899: 3856: 3754: 1816: 1623: 1330: 1169: 832: 463: 1678:

We recognize that your motives are based on a sincere desire to clarify the national polity.

1241:

aloud and handed him a document in which they made numerous demands of the army, including:

1147:". Allies were also to display a three-sen postage stamp when approaching the army's lines. 447:

the government and military leadership of their factional rivals and ideological opponents.

3850: 3778: 1506: 1272: 1039: 997: 699:

members of the group split and largely ended their association with civilian nationalists.

633: 566: 515: 474: 329: 141: 111: 31: 1786:

to Tokyo on 26 February. By the afternoon of 27 February forty warships were stationed in

908: 625: 8: 4046: 3990: 3814: 3688: 1338: 1276: 1082:

Flag used by rebel troops during the uprising: "Revere the Emperor, Destroy the Traitors"

943: 844: 314: 3808: 1610:

With Saitō dead and Suzuki gravely wounded, the Emperor's chief remaining advisors were

848: 662:, and believed that the young officers truly understood their predicaments and spirits. 523: 4096: 3923: 3887: 1388: 1368: 1334: 1310: 1023: 852: 684: 3742: 2140: 1984:

The Emperor signed an ordinance on March 4, 1936, establishing a Special Court Martial

4071: 3935: 3917: 3905: 3844: 2086: 2038: 987:

from protesting to the Emperor at the time, establishing a court faction with Saitō.

629: 4102: 2003:

guilty. The trials related to the uprising took nearly eighteen months to complete.

1058:

as a member of the Tōsei-ha and because he had been involved with Mazaki's removal.

992: 970:

Support for the London Naval Treaty, causing the Emperor to form improper cabinets.

947: 510:

among its high-ranking officers, originally stemming from domainal rivalries in the

431: 4121: 4040: 3960: 3802: 3784: 3766: 3718: 1291: 1201: 1067: 1063: 1028: 959: 773: 692: 620: 333: 3736: 2090: 1599: 1318: 1143:, adopted from the Meiji Restoration-era slogan, "Revere the Emperor, Destroy the 860: 4065: 3996: 3972: 3868: 3748: 3536: 2094: 1656: 1403: 1252: 1180:

The rebel troops, divided into six groups, assembled their troops and left their

746: 739: 711: 707: 547:), while the Tōsei-ha officers, who were strongly influenced by the ideas of the 531: 436: 319: 253: 75: 1971: 1852: 1586: 1485: 1007: 864: 324: 197: 4127: 4002: 3954: 3911: 3893: 3862: 3820: 3796: 3790: 3772: 3706: 3700: 3608: 3101:

in the 2nd clause as "approve" rather than "recognize". Shillony (1973), p. 153

2054: 1767: 1314: 1302: 1287: 1094: 975: 856: 772:

become disillusioned with Araki for his failures to overcome resistance in the

761: 688: 632:

of 70 years earlier. By rising up and destroying the "evil advisers around the

2078: 1646: 1611: 1541:

Rebel troops assembling at police headquarters during the February 26 Incident

1407: 1260: 1205:

Rebels outside the Prime Minister's Residence during the February 26 Incident.

4191: 4173: 4160: 4133: 2008: 1783: 1571: 1489:

Rebels occupying Nagata-cho and Akasaka area during the February 26 Incident.

1358: 1268: 1264: 932: 811: 659: 459: 291: 280: 269: 264: 258: 247: 226: 215: 4088: 1582: 1283: 581:(an undergraduate academy) and those who had advanced on to the prestigious 2149: 2061: 2042: 1827: 1603: 1482:

of the Ministry of War. Suzuki, although seriously wounded, would survive.

915:

Seven targets were chosen for assassination for "threatening the kokutai":

784: 548: 543: 538: 511: 4113: 3946: 3562:

Crowley, James B. (1962). "Japanese Army Factionalism in the Early 1930s"

1891:

asked that an Imperial messenger be sent. He said that the officers would

1474: 1414:

while Nakajima slashed him with his sword. Takahashi died without waking.

1127:

for this force and the password "Revere the Emperor, Destroy the Traitors"

3712: 1757: 1736: 1526: 641: 577:

IJA officers were divided between those whose education had ended at the

561: 555:

theory), technological modernization, mechanization and expansion within

519: 495: 1963: 1908: 1843: 1820: 1537: 1502: 1384: 1363: 1174: 1002:

Support for the London Naval Treaty, "obstructing the Imperial virtue"

765: 670: 455: 71: 3596:

Revolt in Japan: The Young Officers and the February 26, 1936 Incident

1947:

began shortly after midnight; by 10:00, many of the troops were gone.

1916: 1630: 1577: 756:

The direct prelude to the February 26 Incident, however, was the 1934

527: 95: 4139: 4057: 3879: 3571:

Emperor Hirohito and His Chief Aide-de-Camp: the Honjo Diary, 1933–36

1944: 1805: 1787: 1700: 1342: 1238: 1144: 1089: 831:, secure control of the administrative center of the capital and the 802: 648: 645: 552: 1804:

Thus, by the evening of 26 February, the uprising had resulted in a

1394: 764:

investigating the incident found there was insufficient evidence to

1710: 1297:

The appointment of Araki as the new commander of the Kwantung Army.

1181: 836: 716: 507: 303: 89: 2011:

that Aizawa had faced a few months earlier. Charged with rebellion

964: 889: 669:

area. Its informal leader was Mitsugi (Zei) Nishida. A former IJA

2167: 2065: 1951: 1892: 1796:) had been dispatched to defend naval installations in the city. 1779: 1514: 1462: 1078: 655: 606: 551:

general staff, supported central economic and military planning (

236: 201: 1220: 1044:

Mazaki's replacement as Inspector General of Military Education

714:, the faction had also managed to secure irregular funding from 565:). The Kōdō-ha was dominant in the IJA during Araki's tenure as 2191: 1912:

Occupied area on February 29, 1936. The troops were surrounded.

1411: 1177:, the chief adviser to the Shōgun, in the name of the Emperor. 470: 1593: 1279:

for being "the source of the destruction of military command".

1155: 980:

former Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal, former Foreign Minister

806:

advantage of the favorable public opinion it was engendering.

491: 3659: 2166:, they placed a gravestone entitled "Grave of the Twenty-two 1815:

This approach was followed by late-night negotiations at the

1675:

The purpose of your actions has been reported to His Majesty.

1522: 1521:

second floor. Shoving her aside, they found Watanabe using a

1248:

The prevention of the use of force against the Righteous Army

666: 637: 444: 2218:

Chaen (2001), p. 146. Number does not include IJN personnel.

1294:

from the Imperial Japanese Army for promoting "factionalism"

1100:

The bulk of the Righteous Army was made up of men from the

1070:) could not agree over the use of cadets in the operation. 750: 651:. Almost all of the young officers' subordinates were from 644:

thought, especially the political philosophy of the former

1087:

participated voluntarily and any orders given were merely

439:

on 26 February 1936. It was organized by a group of young

1940: 1532: 683:

faction. Involved at least to some extent in most of the

1421: 897:, bureaucrats and political parties for endangering the 1735:

The second positive development was the declaration of

1687:

Beyond this everything depends upon His Majesty's will.

1922:

1. It is still not too late, so return to your units.

3620:

Mokugekisha ga Kataru Showa-shi (Vol. 4): 2/26 Jiken

3613:

The Double Patriots: A Study of Japanese Nationalism

2111: 742:

of 1932, in which young naval officers assassinated

1578:

Government response and suppression of the uprising

1173:(political activists with ambitions) assassinated 1111:The coup leaders adopted the name "Righteous Army" 2677:Chaen (2001), pp. 113, 117, 120, 123–125, 127–129 2308:高橋正衛(1994) 『二・二六事件「昭和維新」の思想と行動』中公新書　pp. 146–150 1747: 1228: 572: 4189: 983:Support for the London Naval Treaty, preventing 3605:(Jan 1982), Vol. 32 Issue 1, pp. 10–13. online. 2179: 2125: 2020: 1993: 1924:2. All those who resist will be shot as rebels. 1872: 1722: 1558: 1435: 1188:headquarters occurred simultaneously at 05:00. 1136: 1120: 1051:, refusal to resign despite his unsuitability. 880: 594: 473:and another forty were imprisoned. The radical 418: 3094: 2173: 2155: 2119: 2014: 1987: 1866: 1716: 1552: 1429: 1348: 1282:The immediate dismissal of Lieutenant Colonel 1130: 1114: 874: 676: 612: 588: 412: 117:Increase of military influence over government 4258:Democratic backsliding in the interwar period 3641: 1851:'s name transmitting the imperial command to 1799: 1756:The General Staff was effectively ruled by a 1224:Yasuhide Kurihara leading the Rebellion Army 839:with Prince Chichibu if necessary, however. 458:, they failed to assassinate Prime Minister 454:) and in occupying the government center of 1782:(Okada, Saitō and Suzuki). It summoned the 1594:Opposition of the Court faction and Emperor 88:Restore direct imperial rule under Emperor 3648: 3634: 3601:Sims, Richard. "Japanese Fascism," (1982) 530:"Control" faction identified with General 2060:Fifteen of the officers were executed by 2057:, who had become prime minister in June. 821: 486: 3656:Coups, rebellions, and revolts in Japan 2139: 1970: 1967:Rebel troops returning to their barracks 1962: 1915: 1907: 1842: 1766: 1713:, ordered a state of "wartime emergency" 1699: 1629: 1581: 1536: 1501: 1484: 1451: 1393: 1383: 1219: 1200: 1191: 1154: 1077: 893:, political leaders, military factions, 720:leaders who hoped to shield themselves. 490: 3542:Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan 2071: 1834: 1647:The Minister of War's proclamation and 14: 4190: 2344:Shillony (1973), pp. 55, 83–85, 99–102 1930:Martial Law Headquarters, February 29. 1533:Tokyo Metropolitan Police headquarters 1047:Support for the "organ theory" of the 926: 923: 920: 518:"Imperial Way" faction led by General 3629: 3290:三宅坂付近ヲ占拠シアル将校以下. Chaen (2001), p. 151 2506:Shillony (1973), pp. 110–114, 128–229 2299:Shillony (1973), pp. x, 60, 64–68, 70 1422:Attempt to secure the Imperial Palace 1379: 1374: 1073: 727: 51:1st Lt. Nibu Masatada and his company 4223:1930s coups d'état and coup attempts 1306:shot him (non-fatally) in the head. 863:and their own immediate commanders, 2596:Shillony (1973), pp. 87–88, 123–124 2064:on 15 July at a military prison in 1634:Rebel occupation of the Sannō Hotel 393:4 government officials assassinated 24: 1620:Minister of the Imperial Household 1497: 795: 25: 4269: 4233:Events that led to courts-martial 3552:. University of California Press. 3416:Kita (2003), pp. 181–182, 192–193 3398:Kita (2003), pp. 173–174, 178–179 3317:Kita (2003), pp. 136–137, 141–142 3191:Shillony (1973), pp. 167–168, 181 3128:Kita (2003), pp. 111–112, 115–116 3037:Shillony (1973), pp. 149–150, 174 2524:Shillony (1973), pp. 122–125, 128 2112:Personnel changes within the Army 1468: 1324: 4238:Terrorist incidents in the 1930s 3658: 3518: 3509: 3500: 3491: 3482: 3473: 3464: 3455: 3446: 3437: 3428: 3419: 3410: 3401: 3392: 3383: 3374: 3365: 3356: 3347: 3338: 3329: 3320: 3311: 3302: 3293: 3284: 3275: 3266: 3257: 3248: 3239: 3230: 3221: 3212: 3203: 3194: 3185: 3176: 3167: 3158: 3149: 3140: 3131: 3122: 3113: 3104: 2135: 2097:as Minister of Foreign Affairs. 1196: 443:(IJA) officers with the goal of 290: 279: 268: 257: 246: 225: 214: 165: 152: 135: 45: 27:Failed 1936 coup d'état in Japan 3725:Fujiwara no Hirotsugu Rebellion 3091:Shillony translates the word 認む 3085: 3076: 3067: 3058: 3049: 3040: 3031: 3022: 3013: 3004: 2995: 2986: 2977: 2968: 2959: 2950: 2941: 2932: 2923: 2914: 2905: 2896: 2887: 2878: 2869: 2860: 2851: 2842: 2833: 2824: 2815: 2806: 2797: 2788: 2779: 2770: 2761: 2752: 2743: 2734: 2725: 2716: 2707: 2698: 2689: 2680: 2671: 2662: 2653: 2644: 2635: 2626: 2617: 2608: 2599: 2590: 2581: 2572: 2563: 2554: 2545: 2536: 2527: 2518: 2509: 2500: 2491: 2482: 2473: 2464: 2455: 2446: 2437: 2428: 2419: 2410: 2401: 2392: 2383: 2374: 2365: 2356: 2347: 2338: 2329: 2320: 2311: 2302: 2293: 2284: 1456: 790: 3731:Fujiwara no Nakamaro Rebellion 2407:Shillony (1973), pp. 46–47, 49 2275: 2266: 2257: 2248: 2239: 2230: 2221: 2212: 2203: 1903: 1748:Opposition within the military 1317:and the Vice-Minister of War, 1229:Seizure of the Ministry of War 13: 1: 3618:Yoshii Hiroshi (ed.) (1989). 3598:. Princeton University Press. 3530: 3308:Kita (2003), pp. 136, 138–141 3209:Kita (2003), pp. 129, 160–161 3182:Shillony (1973), pp. 169, 177 2992:Kita (2003), pp. 101, 103–104 2632:Kita (2003), pp. 63–64, 71–74 2488:Kita (2003), pp. 53–55, 84–88 1975:Funeral of Korekiyo Takahashi 1013:Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal 927:Stated Reasons for Selection 917: 687:of the period, following the 481: 3839:Ōshio Heihachirō's Rebellion 3573:. University of Tokyo Press. 3564:The Journal of Asian Studies 3506:Shillony (1973), pp. 213–214 3452:Shillony (1973), pp. 201–202 3272:Shillony (1973), pp. 172–173 3245:Shillony (1973), pp. 181–182 3227:Shillony (1973), pp. 178–181 3200:Shillony (1973), pp. 170–171 3137:Shillony (1973), pp. 155–156 3073:Shillony (1973), pp. 153–154 3010:Shillony (1973), pp. 173–174 2965:Shillony (1973), pp. 141–142 2947:Shillony (1973), pp. 137–138 2857:Shillony (1973), pp. 142–143 2839:Shillony (1973), pp. 142–143 2812:Shillony (1973), pp. 135–136 2695:Shillony (1973), pp. 139–140 2668:Shillony (1973), pp. 133–134 2605:Shillony (1973), pp. 123–124 2533:Shillony (1973), pp. 118–119 2479:Shillony (1973), pp. 114–115 2461:Shillony (1973), pp. 110–111 2263:Crowley (1962), pp. 313–314. 1958: 1790:and the navy's land forces ( 506:(IJA) had a long history of 7: 4248:Political violence in Japan 3580:. Harvard University Press. 2362:Shillony (1973), pp. 39, 55 2317:Crowley (1962), pp. 311–312 2281:Crowley (1962), pp. 311–312 2180: 2126: 2021: 1994: 1873: 1723: 1559: 1436: 1150: 1137: 1121: 1106:3rd Imperial Guard Regiment 881: 595: 419: 10: 4274: 4078:Hibiya incendiary incident 3833:Menashi–Kunashir rebellion 3695:Prince Hoshikawa Rebellion 3594:Shillony, Ben-Ami (1973). 3578:The Making of Modern Japan 2866:Chaen (2001), pp. 121, 130 2731:Jansen (2002), pp. 593–594 2641:Chaen (2001), pp. 130, 145 2542:Storry (1957), pp. 183–185 2425:Shillony (1973), pp. 48–49 2326:Kita (2003), pp. 13–16, 19 2272:Storry (1957), pp. 137–143 2245:Shillony (1973), pp. 37–38 2164:Allied occupation of Japan 2144:Memorial in Shibuya, Tokyo 1800:Negotiations and stalemate 1214:Prime Minister's Residence 1212:The troops surrounded the 779:On 12 August 1935, in the 731: 29: 4112: 4087: 4056: 4031: 4022: 3979:Military Academy incident 3945: 3878: 3679: 3668: 3585:Ni Niroku Jiken Zenkenshō 3548:Brown, Delmer M. (1955). 3524:Chaen (2001), pp. 209–210 3515:Chaen (2001), pp. 207–208 3389:Chaen (2001), pp. 186–199 3344:Kita (2003), pp. 147, 150 2174: 2156: 2120: 2015: 1988: 1979: 1867: 1717: 1614:, Chief Secretary to the 1553: 1430: 1257:Governor-General of Korea 1186:Tokyo Metropolitan Police 1131: 1115: 875: 758:Military Academy Incident 677: 613: 589: 462:or secure control of the 413: 388:Several committed suicide 378: 373: 353: 348: 191: 186: 128: 123: 103: 82: 66: 58: 44: 39: 4198:Attempted coups in Japan 3967:League of Blood Incident 3497:Kita (2003), pp. 203–205 3488:Kita (2003), pp. 206–207 3443:Kita (2003), pp. 199–200 3371:Kita (2003), pp. 152–153 3362:Kita (2003), pp. 150–151 3335:Kita (2003), pp. 145–149 3326:Kita (2003), pp. 144–145 3299:Kita (2003), pp. 131–132 3263:Kita (2003), pp. 129–131 3254:Kita (2003), pp. 127–129 3236:Kita (2003), pp. 122–127 3146:Kita (2003), pp. 121–122 3064:Kita (2003), pp. 107–108 3019:Kita (2003), pp. 104–105 2197: 2186:in Kensōji, a temple in 1704:Martial Law Headquarters 1031:, former Prime Minister 1015:, former Prime Minister 967:, former Prime Minister 395:5 police officers killed 30:Not to be confused with 4253:Assassinations in Japan 3622:. Shin-Jinbutsuoraisha. 3576:Jansen, Marius (2002). 3557:Zusetsu Ni Niroku Jiken 3479:Shillony (1973), p. 210 3434:Shillony (1973), p. 202 3407:Shillony (1973), p. 200 3380:Shillony (1973), p. 196 3353:Shillony (1973), p. 193 3281:Bix (2000), pp. 300–301 3218:Shillony (1973), p. 178 3173:Shillony (1973), p. 157 3164:Shillony (1973), p. 156 3155:Shillony (1973), p. 156 3055:Shillony (1973), p. 153 3046:Shillony (1973), p. 152 2938:Shillony (1973), p. 137 2920:Shillony (1973), p. 138 2902:Shillony (1973), p. 138 2884:Shillony (1973), p. 137 2803:Shillony (1973), p. 141 2776:Shillony (1973), p. 139 2758:Kita (2003), pp. 99–101 2749:Shillony (1973), p. 149 2722:Shillony (1973), p. 148 2650:Shillony (1973), p. 130 2623:Shillony (1973), p. 133 2551:Shillony (1973), p. 130 2443:Crowley (1962), p. 323. 2416:Crowley (1962), p. 322. 2398:Crowley (1962), p. 319. 2152:, formed the Busshinkai 1670:The proclamation read: 681:, "National Principle") 498:, leader of the Kōdō-ha 245:Yasuhide Kurihara 4203:Imperial Japanese Army 4174:35.66417°N 139.69694°E 3095: 2614:Kita (2003), pp. 74–76 2578:Kita (2003), pp. 89–90 2470:Kita (2003), pp. 40–41 2452:Shillony (1973), p. 54 2389:Kita (2003), pp. 33–35 2380:Kita (2003), pp. 20–22 2353:Crowley (1962), p. 311 2335:Shillony (1973), p. 21 2290:Shillony (1973), p. 13 2254:Crowley (1962), p. 310 2145: 1976: 1968: 1931: 1913: 1855: 1849:Prince Kan'in Kotohito 1775: 1772:Imperial Japanese Navy 1705: 1690: 1635: 1624:Vice-Grand Chamberlain 1602:, the Emperor's chief 1590: 1548:Emergency Service Unit 1542: 1510: 1490: 1399: 1391: 1225: 1206: 1160: 1159:Map of initial attacks 1083: 913: 822:Planning and manifesto 734:Statism in Shōwa Japan 695:of 1931, the army and 504:Imperial Japanese Army 499: 487:Army factional rivalry 441:Imperial Japanese Army 310:Prince Kan'in Kotohito 173:Imperial Japanese Navy 160:Imperial Japanese Army 3755:Shishigatani incident 3583:Kita Hiroaki (2003). 3569:Hane, Mikiso (1983). 3559:. Nihon Tosho Center. 3555:Chaen Yoshio (2001). 2587:Storry (1957), p. 186 2515:Jansen (2002), p. 597 2497:Storry (1957), p. 181 2236:Storry (1957), p. 137 2227:Jansen (2002), p. 598 2143: 1995:tokusetsu gunpō kaigi 1974: 1966: 1919: 1911: 1846: 1770: 1703: 1672: 1633: 1585: 1540: 1505: 1488: 1452:3rd Infantry Regiment 1397: 1387: 1223: 1204: 1192:1st Infantry Regiment 1158: 1081: 904: 522:and his ally General 494: 374:Casualties and losses 4228:February 1936 events 3985:February 26 incident 3851:Shimonoseki Campaign 3550:Nationalism in Japan 3461:Chaen (2001), p. 200 2974:Chaen (2001), p. 127 2956:Chaen (2001), p. 125 2929:Chaen (2001), p. 125 2911:Chaen (2001), p. 123 2893:Chaen (2001), p. 124 2848:Chaen (2001), p. 121 2830:Chaen (2001), p. 120 2821:Chaen (2001), p. 120 2794:Chaen (2001), p. 129 2785:Chaen (2001), p. 129 2767:Chaen (2001), p. 128 2740:Chaen (2001), p. 117 2713:Chaen (2001), p. 118 2704:Chaen (2001), p. 113 2686:Chaen (2001), p. 113 2209:Chaen (2001), p. 130 2102:Minister of the Navy 2072:Change of government 1835:The imperial command 1235:General Staff Office 1165:Sakuradamon Incident 573:The "young officers" 423:, also known as the 408:February 26 incident 107:Uprising suppressed 53:on February 26, 1936 40:February 26 incident 32:February 28 incident 18:February 26 Incident 4208:Rebellions in Japan 4179:35.66417; 139.69694 4170: / 3900:Shinpūren Rebellion 3857:Tenchūgumi incident 3827:Shakushain's revolt 3815:Shimabara Rebellion 3791:Yamashiro Rebellion 3761:Siege of Hōjūjidono 3689:Kibi Clan Rebellion 3470:Kita (2003), p. 206 3425:Kita (2003), p. 188 3119:Kita (2003), p. 114 3110:Hane (1982), p. 209 3082:Kita (2003), p. 110 2875:Kita (2003), p. 164 2560:Chaen (2001), p. 27 1589:, February 26, 1936 1560:Tokubetsu Keibi-tai 1339:Kanagawa Prefecture 1277:Yoshitsugu Tatekawa 946:, support for the " 944:London Naval Treaty 845:Yoshiyuki Kawashima 549:contemporary German 315:Yoshiyuki Kawashima 62:26–28 February 1936 3930:Fukushima incident 3924:Takebashi incident 3888:Two Lords Incident 3615:. Greenwood Press. 3028:Bix (2000), p. 299 3001:Bix (2000), p. 299 2983:Kita (2003), p. 94 2659:Kita (2003), p. 57 2434:Kita (2003), p. 25 2371:Kita (2003), p. 19 2181:nijūni-shi no haka 2146: 2031:sentenced to death 1977: 1969: 1932: 1914: 1856: 1776: 1706: 1636: 1591: 1543: 1511: 1491: 1400: 1392: 1389:Korekiyo Takahashi 1380:Takahashi Korekiyo 1375:3rd Imperial Guard 1311:Tomoyuki Yamashita 1271:(commander of the 1263:(commander of the 1226: 1207: 1161: 1084: 1074:The Righteous Army 1024:Takahashi Korekiyo 853:Tomoyuki Yamashita 728:Political violence 685:political violence 500: 4213:Conflicts in 1936 4153: 4152: 4149: 4148: 4072:Nagasaki incident 4018: 4017: 3936:Chichibu incident 3918:Satsuma Rebellion 3906:Akizuki Rebellion 3853: (1863–1864) 3845:Teradaya incident 3829: (1669–1672) 3817: (1637–1638) 3713:Jinshin Rebellion 2087:Hisaichi Terauchi 2039:life imprisonment 1618:; Kurahei Yuasa, 1398:Motoaki Nakahashi 1055: 1054: 998:Grand Chamberlain 693:October incidents 630:Meiji Restoration 628:" modeled on the 626:Shōwa Restoration 429:was an attempted 404: 403: 400: 399: 386:Dozens imprisoned 369: 368: 276:Motoaki Nakahashi 182: 181: 16:(Redirected from 4265: 4185: 4184: 4182: 4181: 4180: 4175: 4171: 4168: 4167: 4166: 4163: 4122:Shibuya incident 4041:Kakitsu uprising 4029: 4028: 4009:Mishima incident 3961:October incident 3809:Rokugō Rebellion 3803:Kunohe Rebellion 3785:Kakitsu uprising 3767:Kennin Rebellion 3719:Hayato Rebellion 3677: 3676: 3663: 3662: 3650: 3643: 3636: 3627: 3626: 3525: 3522: 3516: 3513: 3507: 3504: 3498: 3495: 3489: 3486: 3480: 3477: 3471: 3468: 3462: 3459: 3453: 3450: 3444: 3441: 3435: 3432: 3426: 3423: 3417: 3414: 3408: 3405: 3399: 3396: 3390: 3387: 3381: 3378: 3372: 3369: 3363: 3360: 3354: 3351: 3345: 3342: 3336: 3333: 3327: 3324: 3318: 3315: 3309: 3306: 3300: 3297: 3291: 3288: 3282: 3279: 3273: 3270: 3264: 3261: 3255: 3252: 3246: 3243: 3237: 3234: 3228: 3225: 3219: 3216: 3210: 3207: 3201: 3198: 3192: 3189: 3183: 3180: 3174: 3171: 3165: 3162: 3156: 3153: 3147: 3144: 3138: 3135: 3129: 3126: 3120: 3117: 3111: 3108: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3089: 3083: 3080: 3074: 3071: 3065: 3062: 3056: 3053: 3047: 3044: 3038: 3035: 3029: 3026: 3020: 3017: 3011: 3008: 3002: 2999: 2993: 2990: 2984: 2981: 2975: 2972: 2966: 2963: 2957: 2954: 2948: 2945: 2939: 2936: 2930: 2927: 2921: 2918: 2912: 2909: 2903: 2900: 2894: 2891: 2885: 2882: 2876: 2873: 2867: 2864: 2858: 2855: 2849: 2846: 2840: 2837: 2831: 2828: 2822: 2819: 2813: 2810: 2804: 2801: 2795: 2792: 2786: 2783: 2777: 2774: 2768: 2765: 2759: 2756: 2750: 2747: 2741: 2738: 2732: 2729: 2723: 2720: 2714: 2711: 2705: 2702: 2696: 2693: 2687: 2684: 2678: 2675: 2669: 2666: 2660: 2657: 2651: 2648: 2642: 2639: 2633: 2630: 2624: 2621: 2615: 2612: 2606: 2603: 2597: 2594: 2588: 2585: 2579: 2576: 2570: 2567: 2561: 2558: 2552: 2549: 2543: 2540: 2534: 2531: 2525: 2522: 2516: 2513: 2507: 2504: 2498: 2495: 2489: 2486: 2480: 2477: 2471: 2468: 2462: 2459: 2453: 2450: 2444: 2441: 2435: 2432: 2426: 2423: 2417: 2414: 2408: 2405: 2399: 2396: 2390: 2387: 2381: 2378: 2372: 2369: 2363: 2360: 2354: 2351: 2345: 2342: 2336: 2333: 2327: 2324: 2318: 2315: 2309: 2306: 2300: 2297: 2291: 2288: 2282: 2279: 2273: 2270: 2264: 2261: 2255: 2252: 2246: 2243: 2237: 2234: 2228: 2225: 2219: 2216: 2210: 2207: 2185: 2183: 2177: 2176: 2161: 2159: 2158: 2150:Second World War 2131: 2129: 2127:kakushin bakuryō 2123: 2122: 2083:foreign minister 2028: 2027: 2024: 2018: 2017: 2001: 2000: 1997: 1991: 1990: 1920:To enlisted men! 1878: 1876: 1870: 1869: 1730: 1729: 1726: 1720: 1719: 1566: 1565: 1562: 1556: 1555: 1443: 1442: 1439: 1433: 1432: 1292:Tadashi Katakura 1142: 1140: 1134: 1133: 1126: 1124: 1118: 1117: 1068:Aichi Prefecture 1029:Finance Minister 960:Saionji Kinmochi 942:Support for the 918: 886: 884: 878: 877: 849:Jinzaburō Mazaki 682: 680: 679: 618: 616: 615: 600: 598: 592: 591: 583:Army War College 524:Jinzaburō Mazaki 428: 422: 420:Ni Ni-Roku Jiken 416: 415: 380: 379: 355: 354: 338: 294: 283: 272: 261: 250: 241: 229: 218: 206: 171: 169: 168: 158: 156: 155: 140: 139: 138: 130: 129: 49: 37: 36: 21: 4273: 4272: 4268: 4267: 4266: 4264: 4263: 4262: 4243:Fascist revolts 4188: 4187: 4178: 4176: 4172: 4169: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4157: 4156: 4154: 4145: 4108: 4083: 4066:Blood tax riots 4052: 4033: 4024: 4014: 3997:Matsue incident 3973:May 15 incident 3941: 3874: 3869:Kinmon incident 3779:Shōchō uprising 3773:Jōkyū Rebellion 3749:Heiji Rebellion 3743:Hōgen Rebellion 3739: (939–940) 3721: (720–721) 3681: 3672: 3670: 3664: 3657: 3654: 3609:Storry, Richard 3537:Bix, Herbert P. 3533: 3528: 3523: 3519: 3514: 3510: 3505: 3501: 3496: 3492: 3487: 3483: 3478: 3474: 3469: 3465: 3460: 3456: 3451: 3447: 3442: 3438: 3433: 3429: 3424: 3420: 3415: 3411: 3406: 3402: 3397: 3393: 3388: 3384: 3379: 3375: 3370: 3366: 3361: 3357: 3352: 3348: 3343: 3339: 3334: 3330: 3325: 3321: 3316: 3312: 3307: 3303: 3298: 3294: 3289: 3285: 3280: 3276: 3271: 3267: 3262: 3258: 3253: 3249: 3244: 3240: 3235: 3231: 3226: 3222: 3217: 3213: 3208: 3204: 3199: 3195: 3190: 3186: 3181: 3177: 3172: 3168: 3163: 3159: 3154: 3150: 3145: 3141: 3136: 3132: 3127: 3123: 3118: 3114: 3109: 3105: 3092: 3090: 3086: 3081: 3077: 3072: 3068: 3063: 3059: 3054: 3050: 3045: 3041: 3036: 3032: 3027: 3023: 3018: 3014: 3009: 3005: 3000: 2996: 2991: 2987: 2982: 2978: 2973: 2969: 2964: 2960: 2955: 2951: 2946: 2942: 2937: 2933: 2928: 2924: 2919: 2915: 2910: 2906: 2901: 2897: 2892: 2888: 2883: 2879: 2874: 2870: 2865: 2861: 2856: 2852: 2847: 2843: 2838: 2834: 2829: 2825: 2820: 2816: 2811: 2807: 2802: 2798: 2793: 2789: 2784: 2780: 2775: 2771: 2766: 2762: 2757: 2753: 2748: 2744: 2739: 2735: 2730: 2726: 2721: 2717: 2712: 2708: 2703: 2699: 2694: 2690: 2685: 2681: 2676: 2672: 2667: 2663: 2658: 2654: 2649: 2645: 2640: 2636: 2631: 2627: 2622: 2618: 2613: 2609: 2604: 2600: 2595: 2591: 2586: 2582: 2577: 2573: 2568: 2564: 2559: 2555: 2550: 2546: 2541: 2537: 2532: 2528: 2523: 2519: 2514: 2510: 2505: 2501: 2496: 2492: 2487: 2483: 2478: 2474: 2469: 2465: 2460: 2456: 2451: 2447: 2442: 2438: 2433: 2429: 2424: 2420: 2415: 2411: 2406: 2402: 2397: 2393: 2388: 2384: 2379: 2375: 2370: 2366: 2361: 2357: 2352: 2348: 2343: 2339: 2334: 2330: 2325: 2321: 2316: 2312: 2307: 2303: 2298: 2294: 2289: 2285: 2280: 2276: 2271: 2267: 2262: 2258: 2253: 2249: 2244: 2240: 2235: 2231: 2226: 2222: 2217: 2213: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2171: 2153: 2138: 2117: 2114: 2095:Shigeru Yoshida 2074: 2025: 2012: 1998: 1985: 1982: 1961: 1929: 1925: 1923: 1921: 1906: 1864: 1837: 1802: 1750: 1727: 1714: 1657:Hajime Sugiyama 1653: 1596: 1580: 1563: 1550: 1535: 1507:Jōtarō Watanabe 1500: 1498:Watanabe Jōtarō 1471: 1459: 1454: 1440: 1427: 1424: 1404:Yasukuni Shrine 1382: 1377: 1354: 1343:military police 1327: 1253:Kazushige Ugaki 1231: 1199: 1194: 1153: 1128: 1112: 1076: 1040:Jōtarō Watanabe 902: 872: 833:Imperial Palace 824: 798: 796:Deciding to act 793: 785:media sensation 781:Aizawa Incident 747:Inukai Tsuyoshi 740:May 15 Incident 736: 730: 712:anti-capitalist 708:Prince Chichibu 706:, most notably 704:Imperial Family 674: 610: 586: 575: 567:Minister of War 532:Tetsuzan Nagata 489: 484: 464:Imperial Palace 452:prime ministers 437:Empire of Japan 410: 396: 394: 389: 387: 385: 365: 360: 344: 343: 342: 334: 330:Jōtarō Watanabe 320:Hajime Sugiyama 306:(Emperor Shōwa) 298: 297: 254:Takaji Muranaka 237: 202: 178: 177: 166: 164: 153: 151: 144: 136: 134: 78: 54: 52: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4271: 4261: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4151: 4150: 4147: 4146: 4144: 4143: 4137: 4131: 4128:Bloody May Day 4125: 4118: 4116: 4110: 4109: 4107: 4106: 4103:Kantō Massacre 4100: 4093: 4091: 4085: 4084: 4082: 4081: 4075: 4069: 4062: 4060: 4054: 4053: 4051: 4050: 4047:Jōkyō uprising 4044: 4037: 4035: 4026: 4025:civil disorder 4020: 4019: 4016: 4015: 4013: 4012: 4006: 4003:Sanmu incident 4000: 3994: 3991:Kyūjō incident 3988: 3982: 3976: 3970: 3964: 3958: 3955:March incident 3951: 3949: 3943: 3942: 3940: 3939: 3933: 3927: 3921: 3915: 3912:Hagi Rebellion 3909: 3903: 3897: 3894:Saga Rebellion 3891: 3884: 3882: 3876: 3875: 3873: 3872: 3866: 3863:Mito Rebellion 3860: 3854: 3848: 3842: 3836: 3830: 3824: 3821:Keian Uprising 3818: 3812: 3806: 3800: 3797:Kaga Rebellion 3794: 3788: 3782: 3776: 3770: 3764: 3758: 3752: 3746: 3740: 3734: 3728: 3722: 3716: 3710: 3707:Isshi incident 3704: 3701:Iwai Rebellion 3698: 3692: 3685: 3683: 3674: 3666: 3665: 3653: 3652: 3645: 3638: 3630: 3624: 3623: 3616: 3606: 3599: 3592: 3581: 3574: 3567: 3560: 3553: 3546: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3526: 3517: 3508: 3499: 3490: 3481: 3472: 3463: 3454: 3445: 3436: 3427: 3418: 3409: 3400: 3391: 3382: 3373: 3364: 3355: 3346: 3337: 3328: 3319: 3310: 3301: 3292: 3283: 3274: 3265: 3256: 3247: 3238: 3229: 3220: 3211: 3202: 3193: 3184: 3175: 3166: 3157: 3148: 3139: 3130: 3121: 3112: 3103: 3084: 3075: 3066: 3057: 3048: 3039: 3030: 3021: 3012: 3003: 2994: 2985: 2976: 2967: 2958: 2949: 2940: 2931: 2922: 2913: 2904: 2895: 2886: 2877: 2868: 2859: 2850: 2841: 2832: 2823: 2814: 2805: 2796: 2787: 2778: 2769: 2760: 2751: 2742: 2733: 2724: 2715: 2706: 2697: 2688: 2679: 2670: 2661: 2652: 2643: 2634: 2625: 2616: 2607: 2598: 2589: 2580: 2571: 2562: 2553: 2544: 2535: 2526: 2517: 2508: 2499: 2490: 2481: 2472: 2463: 2454: 2445: 2436: 2427: 2418: 2409: 2400: 2391: 2382: 2373: 2364: 2355: 2346: 2337: 2328: 2319: 2310: 2301: 2292: 2283: 2274: 2265: 2256: 2247: 2238: 2229: 2220: 2211: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2137: 2134: 2113: 2110: 2073: 2070: 2055:Fumimaro Konoe 1981: 1978: 1960: 1957: 1905: 1902: 1893:commit suicide 1836: 1833: 1817:Imperial Hotel 1801: 1798: 1749: 1746: 1689: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1676: 1652: 1645: 1595: 1592: 1579: 1576: 1534: 1531: 1499: 1496: 1470: 1469:Kantarō Suzuki 1467: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1423: 1420: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1362:, a prominent 1353: 1349:Attack on the 1347: 1326: 1325:Makino Nobuaki 1323: 1303:March Incident 1299: 1298: 1295: 1288:Hiroshi Nemoto 1280: 1251:The arrest of 1249: 1246: 1230: 1227: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1152: 1149: 1095:basic training 1075: 1072: 1053: 1052: 1045: 1042: 1036: 1035: 1032: 1026: 1020: 1019: 1016: 1010: 1004: 1003: 1000: 995: 993:Kantarō Suzuki 989: 988: 985:Prince Fushimi 981: 978: 976:Makino Nobuaki 972: 971: 968: 962: 956: 955: 940: 938:Prime Minister 935: 929: 928: 925: 922: 857:Kanji Ishiwara 823: 820: 797: 794: 792: 789: 762:military court 744:Prime Minister 729: 726: 574: 571: 488: 485: 483: 480: 402: 401: 398: 397: 392: 390: 383: 376: 375: 371: 370: 367: 366: 363: 361: 358: 351: 350: 346: 345: 341: 340: 327: 322: 317: 312: 307: 300: 299: 296: 295: 284: 273: 262: 251: 243: 230: 219: 208: 194: 193: 192: 189: 188: 184: 183: 180: 179: 176: 175: 162: 148: 147: 145: 142:Righteous Army 133: 126: 125: 121: 120: 119: 118: 115: 105: 101: 100: 99: 98: 92: 84: 80: 79: 70: 68: 64: 63: 60: 56: 55: 50: 42: 41: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4270: 4259: 4256: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4218:1936 in Japan 4216: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4196: 4195: 4193: 4186: 4183: 4141: 4138: 4135: 4134:Shinjuku riot 4132: 4129: 4126: 4123: 4120: 4119: 4117: 4115: 4111: 4104: 4101: 4098: 4095: 4094: 4092: 4090: 4086: 4079: 4076: 4073: 4070: 4067: 4064: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4055: 4048: 4045: 4042: 4039: 4038: 4036: 4030: 4027: 4021: 4010: 4007: 4004: 4001: 3998: 3995: 3992: 3989: 3986: 3983: 3980: 3977: 3974: 3971: 3968: 3965: 3962: 3959: 3956: 3953: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3944: 3937: 3934: 3931: 3928: 3925: 3922: 3919: 3916: 3913: 3910: 3907: 3904: 3901: 3898: 3895: 3892: 3889: 3886: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3877: 3870: 3867: 3864: 3861: 3858: 3855: 3852: 3849: 3846: 3843: 3840: 3837: 3834: 3831: 3828: 3825: 3822: 3819: 3816: 3813: 3810: 3807: 3804: 3801: 3798: 3795: 3792: 3789: 3786: 3783: 3780: 3777: 3774: 3771: 3768: 3765: 3762: 3759: 3756: 3753: 3750: 3747: 3744: 3741: 3738: 3737:Tengyō no Ran 3735: 3732: 3729: 3726: 3723: 3720: 3717: 3714: 3711: 3708: 3705: 3702: 3699: 3696: 3693: 3690: 3687: 3686: 3684: 3678: 3675: 3667: 3661: 3651: 3646: 3644: 3639: 3637: 3632: 3631: 3628: 3621: 3617: 3614: 3610: 3607: 3604: 3603:History Today 3600: 3597: 3593: 3590: 3589:Asahi Shimbun 3586: 3582: 3579: 3575: 3572: 3568: 3565: 3561: 3558: 3554: 3551: 3547: 3544: 3543: 3538: 3535: 3534: 3521: 3512: 3503: 3494: 3485: 3476: 3467: 3458: 3449: 3440: 3431: 3422: 3413: 3404: 3395: 3386: 3377: 3368: 3359: 3350: 3341: 3332: 3323: 3314: 3305: 3296: 3287: 3278: 3269: 3260: 3251: 3242: 3233: 3224: 3215: 3206: 3197: 3188: 3179: 3170: 3161: 3152: 3143: 3134: 3125: 3116: 3107: 3097: 3088: 3079: 3070: 3061: 3052: 3043: 3034: 3025: 3016: 3007: 2998: 2989: 2980: 2971: 2962: 2953: 2944: 2935: 2926: 2917: 2908: 2899: 2890: 2881: 2872: 2863: 2854: 2845: 2836: 2827: 2818: 2809: 2800: 2791: 2782: 2773: 2764: 2755: 2746: 2737: 2728: 2719: 2710: 2701: 2692: 2683: 2674: 2665: 2656: 2647: 2638: 2629: 2620: 2611: 2602: 2593: 2584: 2575: 2566: 2557: 2548: 2539: 2530: 2521: 2512: 2503: 2494: 2485: 2476: 2467: 2458: 2449: 2440: 2431: 2422: 2413: 2404: 2395: 2386: 2377: 2368: 2359: 2350: 2341: 2332: 2323: 2314: 2305: 2296: 2287: 2278: 2269: 2260: 2251: 2242: 2233: 2224: 2215: 2206: 2202: 2195: 2193: 2189: 2182: 2169: 2165: 2151: 2142: 2136:Commemoration 2133: 2128: 2109: 2107: 2103: 2098: 2096: 2092: 2091:Hachirō Arita 2088: 2084: 2080: 2069: 2067: 2063: 2058: 2056: 2050: 2046: 2044: 2041:to a fine of 2040: 2034: 2032: 2023: 2010: 2009:court martial 2004: 1996: 1973: 1965: 1956: 1953: 1948: 1946: 1942: 1936: 1928: 1918: 1910: 1901: 1897: 1894: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1875: 1860: 1854: 1850: 1845: 1841: 1832: 1829: 1824: 1822: 1818: 1813: 1809: 1807: 1797: 1795: 1794: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1763: 1762:Prince Kan'in 1759: 1754: 1745: 1742: 1741:Privy Council 1738: 1733: 1725: 1712: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1658: 1650: 1644: 1642: 1632: 1628: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1608: 1605: 1601: 1600:Shigeru Honjō 1588: 1584: 1575: 1573: 1572:Home Minister 1568: 1561: 1549: 1546:the police's 1539: 1530: 1528: 1524: 1518: 1516: 1508: 1504: 1495: 1487: 1483: 1480: 1479:coup de grace 1476: 1466: 1464: 1449: 1445: 1438: 1419: 1415: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1396: 1390: 1386: 1372: 1370: 1365: 1361: 1360: 1359:Asahi Shimbun 1352: 1351:Asahi Shimbun 1346: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1322: 1320: 1319:Motoo Furushō 1316: 1312: 1307: 1304: 1296: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1269:Kuniaki Koiso 1266: 1265:Kwantung Army 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1243: 1242: 1240: 1236: 1222: 1218: 1215: 1210: 1203: 1197:Okada Keisuke 1189: 1187: 1183: 1178: 1176: 1172: 1171: 1166: 1157: 1148: 1146: 1139: 1123: 1109: 1107: 1103: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1091: 1080: 1071: 1069: 1065: 1059: 1050: 1046: 1043: 1041: 1038: 1037: 1033: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1022: 1021: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1005: 1001: 999: 996: 994: 991: 990: 986: 982: 979: 977: 974: 973: 969: 966: 963: 961: 958: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 939: 936: 934: 933:Keisuke Okada 931: 930: 919: 916: 912: 910: 903: 900: 896: 892: 891: 883: 882:Kekki Shuisho 869: 866: 862: 861:Shigeru Honjō 858: 854: 850: 846: 840: 838: 834: 830: 819: 815: 813: 812:direct action 807: 804: 788: 786: 782: 777: 775: 769: 767: 763: 759: 754: 752: 748: 745: 741: 735: 725: 721: 719: 718: 713: 709: 705: 700: 698: 694: 690: 686: 672: 668: 663: 661: 660:working class 657: 654: 650: 647: 643: 639: 635: 631: 627: 622: 609: 608: 602: 597: 584: 580: 570: 568: 564: 563: 558: 554: 550: 546: 545: 540: 535: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 497: 493: 479: 476: 472: 467: 465: 461: 460:Keisuke Okada 457: 453: 448: 446: 442: 438: 434: 433: 426: 425:2–26 incident 421: 409: 391: 382: 381: 377: 372: 362: 357: 356: 352: 347: 339: 337: 331: 328: 326: 323: 321: 318: 316: 313: 311: 308: 305: 302: 301: 293: 288: 285: 282: 277: 274: 271: 266: 265:Asaichi Isobe 263: 260: 255: 252: 249: 244: 242: 240: 234: 231: 228: 223: 220: 217: 212: 211:Kiyosada Kōda 209: 207: 205: 199: 196: 195: 190: 185: 174: 163: 161: 150: 149: 146: 143: 132: 131: 127: 122: 116: 113: 109: 108: 106: 102: 97: 94:Purge of the 93: 91: 87: 86: 85: 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 61: 57: 48: 43: 38: 33: 19: 4155: 4142: (1970) 4136: (1968) 4130: (1952) 4124: (1946) 4105: (1923) 4099: (1918) 4080: (1905) 4074: (1886) 4068: (1873) 4049: (1686) 4043: (1441) 4011: (1970) 4005: (1961) 3999: (1945) 3993: (1945) 3987: (1936) 3984: 3981: (1934) 3975: (1932) 3969: (1932) 3963: (1931) 3957: (1931) 3938: (1884) 3932: (1882) 3926: (1878) 3920: (1877) 3914: (1876) 3908: (1876) 3902: (1876) 3896: (1874) 3890: (1868) 3871: (1864) 3865: (1864) 3859: (1863) 3847:(1862, 1866) 3841: (1837) 3835: (1789) 3823: (1651) 3811: (1603) 3787: (1441) 3781: (1428) 3775: (1221) 3769: (1201) 3763: (1184) 3757: (1177) 3751: (1160) 3745: (1156) 3619: 3612: 3602: 3595: 3588: 3584: 3577: 3570: 3563: 3556: 3549: 3545:. Perennial. 3540: 3520: 3511: 3502: 3493: 3484: 3475: 3466: 3457: 3448: 3439: 3430: 3421: 3412: 3403: 3394: 3385: 3376: 3367: 3358: 3349: 3340: 3331: 3322: 3313: 3304: 3295: 3286: 3277: 3268: 3259: 3250: 3241: 3232: 3223: 3214: 3205: 3196: 3187: 3178: 3169: 3160: 3151: 3142: 3133: 3124: 3115: 3106: 3087: 3078: 3069: 3060: 3051: 3042: 3033: 3024: 3015: 3006: 2997: 2988: 2979: 2970: 2961: 2952: 2943: 2934: 2925: 2916: 2907: 2898: 2889: 2880: 2871: 2862: 2853: 2844: 2835: 2826: 2817: 2808: 2799: 2790: 2781: 2772: 2763: 2754: 2745: 2736: 2727: 2718: 2709: 2700: 2691: 2682: 2673: 2664: 2655: 2646: 2637: 2628: 2619: 2610: 2601: 2592: 2583: 2574: 2565: 2556: 2547: 2538: 2529: 2520: 2511: 2502: 2493: 2484: 2475: 2466: 2457: 2448: 2439: 2430: 2421: 2412: 2403: 2394: 2385: 2376: 2367: 2358: 2349: 2340: 2331: 2322: 2313: 2304: 2295: 2286: 2277: 2268: 2259: 2250: 2241: 2232: 2223: 2214: 2205: 2147: 2115: 2099: 2075: 2062:firing squad 2059: 2051: 2047: 2035: 2005: 1983: 1949: 1937: 1933: 1927: 1898: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1861: 1857: 1853:Kōhei Kashii 1838: 1828:Nobuyuki Abe 1825: 1814: 1810: 1803: 1791: 1777: 1755: 1751: 1734: 1707: 1695: 1691: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1654: 1648: 1640: 1637: 1609: 1604:aide-de-camp 1597: 1569: 1544: 1519: 1512: 1509:'s dead body 1492: 1478: 1472: 1460: 1457:Saitō Makoto 1446: 1425: 1416: 1401: 1357: 1355: 1350: 1328: 1308: 1300: 1290:, and Major 1232: 1211: 1208: 1179: 1168: 1162: 1110: 1102:1st Division 1099: 1088: 1085: 1060: 1056: 1048: 1008:Saitō Makoto 951: 948:organ theory 914: 905: 898: 894: 888: 870: 865:Kōhei Kashii 841: 828: 825: 816: 808: 799: 791:Preparations 778: 770: 755: 737: 722: 715: 701: 664: 605: 603: 596:seinen shōkō 579:Army Academy 576: 560: 544:Hokushin-ron 542: 539:Soviet Union 536: 512:Meiji period 508:factionalism 501: 468: 449: 430: 424: 407: 405: 335: 325:Kōhei Kashii 287:Naoshi Sakai 238: 233:Hisashi Kōno 203: 198:Shirō Nonaka 187:Lead figures 4177: / 4165:139°41′49″E 3799:(1487–1488) 3793:(1485–1493) 3733: (764) 3727: (740) 3715: (672) 3709: (645) 3703: (527) 3697: (479) 3691: (463) 2188:Azabu-Jūban 2079:Kōki Hirota 1904:Final hours 1863:"rebellion" 1758:triumvirate 1737:martial law 1724:senji keibi 1651:recognition 1616:Lord Keeper 1612:Kōichi Kido 1607:as to how. 1527:machine gun 1408:Meiji Jingū 1273:Korean Army 1261:Jirō Minami 1138:Sonnō Tōkan 909:Restoration 642:nationalist 562:Nanshin-ron 520:Sadao Araki 496:Sadao Araki 432:coup d'état 384:19 executed 359:1,483–1,558 222:Teruzō Andō 104:Resulted in 4192:Categories 4162:35°39′51″N 4097:Rice riots 4089:Taishō era 4032:Pre-Modern 3680:Pre-Modern 3673:rebellions 3531:References 2081:, Okada's 2022:hanran-zai 1945:Desertions 1821:compromise 1793:rikusentai 1369:type trays 1313:, General 1286:, Colonel 1284:Akira Mutō 1175:Ii Naosuke 732:See also: 671:lieutenant 658:family or 526:, and the 482:Background 4140:Koza riot 4114:Shōwa era 4058:Meiji era 4023:Riots and 3947:Shōwa era 3880:Meiji era 3671:coups and 3669:Attempted 1959:Aftermath 1879:instead. 1847:Order in 1806:stalemate 1788:Tokyo Bay 1784:1st Fleet 1663:council. 1475:Kōjimachi 1333:Itōya in 1315:Ryū Saitō 1239:manifesto 1167:in which 1145:Shogunate 1090:pro forma 1064:Toyohashi 950:" of the 924:Position 803:Manchuria 649:Ikki Kita 646:socialist 553:total war 114:influence 3611:(1957). 3539:(2000). 1780:admirals 1711:garrison 1649:de facto 1587:Hanzōmon 1335:Yugawara 1182:barracks 1151:Uprising 895:zaibatsu 837:Hirohito 717:zaibatsu 528:Tōsei-ha 304:Hirohito 110:Loss of 96:Tōsei-ha 90:Hirohito 67:Location 3566:(21:3). 2168:Samurai 2066:Shibuya 1952:suicide 1641:kokutai 1515:Ogikubo 1463:Yotsuya 1437:fuentai 1364:liberal 1275:), and 1049:kokutai 952:kokutai 899:kokutai 829:kokutai 774:cabinet 656:peasant 621:Emperor 607:kokutai 516:Kōdō-ha 475:Kōdō-ha 445:purging 435:in the 336:† 239:† 204:† 124:Parties 112:Kōdō-ha 3805:(1591) 3096:mitomu 2192:Kannon 2175:二十二士之墓 1989:特設軍法会議 1980:Trials 1874:hanran 1622:; and 1412:pistol 1331:ryokan 1170:shishi 766:indict 634:Throne 471:mutiny 414:二・二六事件 364:23,841 349:Number 332: 289: 278: 267: 256: 235: 224: 213: 200: 170: 157: 4034:Japan 3682:Japan 2198:Notes 2093:over 1939:over 1554:特別警備隊 1523:futon 1122:gigun 965:Genrō 921:Name 890:genrō 876:蹶起趣意書 689:March 678:国体原理派 667:Tokyo 638:purge 557:China 456:Tokyo 83:Goals 76:Japan 72:Tokyo 2121:革新幕僚 2106:Diet 1718:戦時警備 1406:(or 1132:尊皇討奸 751:coup 697:navy 691:and 653:poor 590:青年将校 502:The 406:The 59:Date 2157:佛心会 2043:JP¥ 2016:反乱罪 1941:NHK 1431:赴援隊 1267:), 1259:), 4194:: 3587:. 2178:, 2124:, 2108:. 2033:. 2019:, 1992:, 1871:, 1868:叛乱 1721:, 1557:, 1434:, 1345:. 1337:, 1135:, 1119:, 1116:義軍 1066:, 954:. 879:, 859:, 855:, 851:, 847:, 614:国体 601:. 593:, 534:. 417:, 74:, 3649:e 3642:t 3635:v 3591:. 3099:) 3093:( 2184:) 2172:( 2170:" 2160:) 2154:( 2130:) 2118:( 2026:) 2013:( 1999:) 1986:( 1877:) 1865:( 1728:) 1715:( 1564:) 1551:( 1441:) 1428:( 1255:( 1141:) 1129:( 1125:) 1113:( 885:) 873:( 675:( 624:" 617:) 611:( 599:) 587:( 559:( 541:( 427:) 411:( 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

February 26 incident

Index