Fantasy sport - Knowledge

476:, DraftKings and FanDuel launched an aggressive marketing campaign prior to the 2015 NFL season. At its peak, the two companies collectively ran an ad on national television in the United States once every 90 seconds. In addition to receiving direct investments from sports leagues, the two companies have reached sponsorship deals with several leagues and teams. In November 2014, DraftKings entered into a multi-year sponsorship deal with the NHL. In April 2015, after the NFL began to allow daily fantasy providers to sign multi-year team sponsorship deals, FanDuel reached deals with sixteen teams for placements on team-oriented digital properties, radio broadcasts, and within their stadiums. DraftKings has also received investments from 425:

said Chris Russo, the NFL's senior vice president at the time. As a result of the survey's findings, the league made fantasy offerings more prominent on its website and produced television ads for fantasy football featuring active players. Prior to these developments, fantasy sports were largely viewed negatively by major sports leagues, with Russo later recalling that "there were concerns about whether it would be right for the fans or could it be construed as

31:) is a game, often played using the Internet, where participants assemble imaginary or virtual teams composed of proxies of real players of a professional sport. These teams compete based on the statistical performance of those players in actual games. This performance is converted into points that are compiled and totaled according to a roster selected by each fantasy team's manager. These point systems can be simple enough to be manually calculated by a "league 904:

fantasy sports legal. Federal criminal gambling statutes are found in Title 18 of U.S. Code, such as the Federal Wire Act 18 U.S. Code § 1084 (which prohibits interstate sports wagering) and the Illegal Gambling Business Act 18 U.S. Code § 1955 (which prohibits the interstate conduct of wagering activity prohibited under state law). By contrast, the UIGEA is found in Title 31 with other anti-money laundering and financial crimes statutes.

687: 634:, an estimated 62.5 million people played fantasy sports in the US and Canada in 2022. The FSGA estimated that 19% of American adults played fantasy sports in 2023, compared to 13% in 2014. A 2023 FSGA survey found that 64% of fantasy sports players were male, 48% were between the ages of 18 and 34, and 84% had a college degree or higher. A 2015 analysis found that 89.8% were white and 51.5% were unmarried. 997:

licensing due to the right of publicity of the players involved. Since the player names were being used as a group, the players had assigned their publicity rights to the players association who then signed licensing deals. During the 1980s and 1990s many companies signed licensing deals with the player associations, but some companies did not. The issue came to a head with the lawsuit of

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Specifically, fantasy sports that are based on teams of real multiple athletes from multiple real world teams, that have prizes established before the event starts, that use the skill of participants to determine the outcome, are exempted from the definition of a bet or wager that is the basis for requiring banks to identify and block funds transfers. According to Congressman

231:. The inaugural league was called the Greater Oakland Professional Pigskin Prognosticators League (GOPPPL), and the first draft took place at Winkenbach's home in Oakland in August 1963. One of the league's original members, Andy Mousalimas, owned a sports bar in Oakland called the King's X, where the first public fantasy football league was founded in 1969. The idea spread by 118:, which was first released in 1951 and also contained cards of MLB players with in-game outcomes correlated to their stats from past seasons. Participants could compose fantasy teams from the cards and play against each other or recreate previous seasons using the statistics on the cards. Individual player cards and dice roll simulations were also emulated in the 596: 928:

hinges on the definition of "chance" that the state applies. For some states, if skill dominates the outcome of the event, then the contest is legal, and passes what is called the "dominant factor test." Other states with a stricter definition of chance, called "any chance test," have made fantasy football illegal.

1021:"This will be a defining moment in the fantasy sports industry," said Charlie Wiegert, executive vice president of CBC. "The other leagues are all watching this case. If MLB prevailed, it just would have been a matter of time before they followed up. Their player unions are just waiting for the opportunity." 996:

The development of fantasy sports produced tension between fantasy sports companies and professional leagues and players associations over the rights to player profiles and statistics. The players associations of the major sports leagues believed that fantasy games using player names were subject to

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Where states have not expressly authorized fantasy sports contests, usually general gambling laws prohibit lotteries or wagering if three elements are present: an entry fee (known as "consideration"), a prize (a "reward," in legal terms) and chance. Whether fantasy sports are legal under these laws

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found that while the average male surveyed on its website spent 6.6 hours a week watching the league on television, fantasy players surveyed said they watched 8.4 hours of NFL football per week. "This is the first time we've been able to demonstrate specifically that fantasy play drives TV viewing,"

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One exception is the state of Nevada, which has an exemption in PASPA to allow for sports betting. The Nevada attorney general issued an opinion that found Daily Fantasy Sports to be a form of sports wagering, similar to the current wagering offered by Nevada Sports Books. The opinions states that

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struck down the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act, which had prohibited states from authorizing any wagering, lottery, betting, sweepstakes or other wagering scheme that is based directly or indirectly on games in which professional or amateur athletes participate or on the performance

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Whether state laws can regulate fantasy sports conducted across state lines depends on whether fantasy sports are a form of sports wagering under federal law. This is because the Federal Wire Act prohibits the conduct of sports wagering in interstate or foreign commerce. With regard to intrastate

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Research has shown that fantasy players are also generally stronger consumers alcoholic beverages, fast food, airline travel, video games, sports periodicals, athletic shoes, and cell phones relative to the general population. The FSGA reported in 2019 that fantasy players were also far more likely

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are accelerated versions of the traditional fantasy format in which contests are conducted over shorter periods than a full season, often lasting one week or even a single day. Daily fantasy games are typically subject to an entry fee, a portion of which funds a prize pool that is distributed among

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Several Attorneys General have also issued opinions that Daily Fantasy Sports are a form of sports wagering. A Florida state attorney general's opinion in 1991 called into doubt the legality of fantasy football contests, but companies have operated in the state without any legal action. Since then

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is credited with introducing the rotisserie league concept to the group and inventing the scoring system. Players in the Rotisserie League drafted teams of active MLB players and tracked their statistics during the season to compile their scores. Like the Baseball Seminar league, rather than using

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Wilfred "Bill" Winkenbach developed a fantasy golf game in which participants would select a roster of professional golfers and compare their scores at the end of a given tournament, with the lowest combined total of strokes winning. He also created a baseball game in which players drafted hitters

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in support of CBC, also arguing that if MLBAM won the lawsuit it would have a dramatic impact on the industry, which was largely ignored by the major sports leagues for years while a number of smaller entrepreneurs grew it into a multibillion-dollar industry, and a ruling could allow the MLBAM to

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However, several other Attorneys General have issued opinions that DFS are legal games of skill. In August 2015 in Kansas, due to uncertainty with the state's Racing and Gaming Commission position, the state's attorney general issued an opinion that daily fantasy sports was a skill game and thus

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The 8th Circuit Court of Appeals upheld the decision in October 2007. "It would be strange law that a person would not have a First Amendment right to use information that is available to everyone," a three-judge panel said in its ruling. The Supreme Court upheld the circuit court's decision by

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CBC won the lawsuit as US District Court Judge Mary Ann Medler ruled that statistics are part of the public domain and can be used at no cost by fantasy companies. "The names and playing records of major-league baseball players as used in CBC's fantasy games are not copyrightable," Medler wrote.

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Because the UIGEA exempted fantasy sports from its definition of a bet or wager, there is a misconception that fantasy sports were made legal by the UIGEA. However the UIGEA is not a criminal gambling statute, and it specifically does not alter any criminal gambling laws and thus does not make

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from distributing in game score information via a special wireless device created by Motorola. The victory played a large part in defending other cases where sports leagues have tried to suppress live in-game information from their events being distributed by other outlets. The victory also

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launched Fanball.com later that year. While some sites abandoned a paid model in the wake of Yahoo's decision, some smaller sites, such as RotoWire, began offering paid products as they started losing business to larger competitors. CBS, which had transitioned to a free model for its league

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Modern fantasy baseball was developed and popularized in the 1980s by a group of journalists who created Rotisserie League Baseball in 1980. The league was named after the New York City restaurant La Rotisserie Française, where its founders met for lunch and first played the game. Magazine

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While the act does not alter the legality of any particular activity permitted or prohibited under other laws, it does contain some express exemptions to its funds transfer prohibitions. One of these exemptions from the UIGEA prohibitions is for fantasy sports that meet certain criteria.

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Internet company, vs. St. Louis-based CBC Distribution and Marketing Inc., the parent company of CDM Sports. When CBC was denied a new licensing agreement with MLBAM (they had acquired the rights from the baseball players' association) for its fantasy baseball game, CBC filed suit.

892:. The UIGEA generally prohibits funds transfers to businesses engaged in unlawful internet wagering. However the UIGEA does not itself define unlawful internet wagering, and expressly refrains from altering the legality of any underlying conduct other than funds transfers. 155:. A user would select a team from a limited roster of retired players to play against a team randomly chosen by the computer. The computer would then use random number generation and player statistics to simulate a game's outcome and print a play-by-play description of it. 610:

was formed in 1998 to represent the growing industry in the United States and Canada. Now known as the Fantasy Sports & Gaming Association, the organization aims to support fantasy sports, sports gambling in general, and its associated businesses and participants.

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declining to hear the case in June 2008. In 2009, CBS Interactive won a lawsuit against the NFL Players’ Association over whether CBS had a First Amendment right to use players’ names and playing records in its fantasy sports offerings without paying licensing fees.

321:. Players chose their teams by calling a toll-free phone number and entering four-digit codes for each of their player selections. The games served as an early version of today's daily fantasy sports by rewarding each week's highest-scoring participants with prizes. 158:

While some of these fantasy games produced outcomes based on the performances of real athletes, they were not designed to be played out over the course of a season, nor did they take current statistics into account, relying instead on those from previous years.

3030: 2317: 260:, proved to be popular despite the difficulties of compiling statistics by hand, which was an early drawback to participation. Okrent credits the idea's rapid spread to the fact that the initial league was created by sports journalists, telling 35:" who coordinates and manages the overall league, or points can be compiled and calculated using computers tracking actual results of the professional sport. In fantasy sports, as in real sports team owners draft, trade, and cut (drop) players. 358:

The growth of the Internet during the 1990s brought a "broad demographic shift in fantasy sports participation" because it enabled fantasy sports participants to instantaneously download tabulated statistics, rather than having to search for

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estimates that the number of fantasy sports players in the US and Canada grew from 500,000 in 1988 to 15.2 million in 2003, declining slightly over the next few years before growing to 29.9 million in 2008 and 62.5 million in 2022. In 2015,

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advertising campaign. The site focused on music, entertainment and hockey in general in addition to fantasy competitions. It allowed users to register accounts and participate in fantasy leagues of nine teams. The site included updates of

2281: 583:. By 2017, there were 40 million fantasy sports players in India. In 2019, the number had grown to 90 million, and in 2020, an estimated 100 million Indians participated in fantasy sports. The market leader in fantasy sports in India, 515:

As of May 2023, while 33 US states have operational legalized sports betting, 45 states have legalized daily fantasy sports. As of May 2023, DraftKings and FanDuel operate daily fantasy contests in 44 states each. Only one state,

274:, saying "the writers who were covering baseball had nothing to write about, so they began writing about the teams they had assembled in their own leagues. And that was what popularized it and spread it around very, very widely." 3022: 563:

estimated that the number of yearly non-betting fantasy sports users had grown 25% since 2011. This growth encouraged hundreds of millions of dollars in investments into emerging daily fantasy sports leagues, such as

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statistics for seasons whose outcomes were already known to simulate in-game outcomes, team owners would have to make predictions about the statistics that MLB players would accumulate during the upcoming season.

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signed legislation a month later authorizing fantasy gaming. The Attorneys General of West Virginia and Rhode Island have also issued opinions that clarified the legality of DFS and paid fantasy sports.

876:. Unlike traditional sports betting, fantasy sports are generally viewed as "games of skill," rather than "games of chance," thus exempting them from gambling bans and regulations in many jurisdictions. 512:, which allowed states to legalize sports betting, questions surrounding the legality of daily fantasy sports, as well as fantasy sports in general, within the United States have largely been settled. 2972: 3513: 1332: 3061: 2472: 2273: 3695: 3480: 3371: 1552: 199:

totals. Gamson would go on to play the game as a professor at the University of Michigan, where another competitor was Bob Sklar. One of Sklar's students was Daniel Okrent. According to

900:, an author of the UIGEA, exemptions, particularly one for fantasy sports, were included to relieve the burden of enforcement on banks and the UIGEA does not make fantasy sports legal. 266:

in 2008 that "most of us in the league were in the media, and we got a lot of press coverage that first season. The second season, there were rotisserie leagues in every Major League

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launched its first entirely Internet-based fantasy baseball game, with other major sports and entertainment companies following suit in the ensuing years. In October of that year, a

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have created dedicated weekly fantasy programming to analyze player performance and predict outcomes in relation to particular scoring systems. ESPN's on-demand streaming platform

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Outside of North America, the fantasy industry has also experienced a recent period of growth. The development of daily fantasy sports has encouraged growth in European markets.

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firm IBISWorld reported that fantasy sports comprised a $ 2 billion industry in the United States, experiencing 10.7% annual growth and employing 4,386 people in 292 businesses.

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developed the Baseball Seminar league, in which participants would draft rosters of active MLB players and compare results at the end of the season based on the players' final

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games by propelling a coin into slots on a wooden board. Later games featured outcomes determined by dice rolls or spinners. In 1930, Clifford Van Beek designed the board game

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In 1990, a pair of nationwide fantasy games, Dugout Derby and Pigskin Playoff, were launched in a variety of newspapers across the United States, including the

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also aires a show on Sunday mornings during the NFL season called Fantasy Football Now. "Fantasy Football Now" airs live on Sunday mornings during the

508: 1324: 959:. As of January 2022, daily fantasy sports are legal in 45 US states, with 23 of those states explicitly passing legislation legalizing the practice. 3053: 2460: 1519: 825:

season, a time when fans are making last-minute roster moves and need the latest news from around the league. Providing the latest info are analysts

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Several states have clarified that paid fantasy sports contests are games of skill and exempt from gambling laws, beginning with Maryland in 2012.

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aires Fantasy Football Hour on a weekly basis during the NFL season hosted by Katy Winge and features industry experts Brad Evans and Nate Lundy.

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and pitchers, comparing their real-life statistics against each other. These early experiments, however, failed to spread to the general public.

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CBC argued that intellectual property laws and so-called "right of publicity" laws don't apply to the statistics used in fantasy sports. The

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According to the Fantasy Sports Trade Association, in 2017, the size of the fantasy sports industry reached $ 7.22 billion, per research by

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The Illinois Supreme Court held that fantasy sports contests were predominately decided by skill and not prohibited under Illinois law.

270:." According to Okrent, rotisserie baseball afforded sportswriters the opportunity to write about baseball-related material during the 3508: 2627: 429:." However, leagues began to embrace fantasy sports as their value towards increasing fans' consumption of sports became more evident. 405:

began offering its fantasy football product for free, a decision that gave the site an advantage over its competitors. The creators of

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There have been other legal cases involving fantasy sports and the use of professional athletes' statistics for purposes of scoring.

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Daily Fantasy Sports are not illegal in Nevada; however, a sports pool license is required to conduct the activity in Nevada.

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as an hour long program containing a consistent weekly segment list that viewers can count on to help them manage their team.

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Following venture capital investments from various firms, including from professional sports leagues such as MLB and the

3336: 1903: 1719: 1052:, states with bans previously not explicitly outlined by law, launched online fantasy offerings in their states in 2021. 4430: 4173: 4146: 615: 1577: 2562: 770: 730: 271: 107:. Players with better statistics in the previous season were more likely to receive favorable outcomes; this allowed 1252: 888:(UIGEA), was enacted as part of the "American Values Agenda" of 2006 and was added as an amendment to the unrelated 1010: 3441: 334:

added a weekly fantasy baseball columnist, John Hunt. Hunt started a league among sports personalities called the

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The legality of daily fantasy sports has been questioned, with critics arguing that they more closely resemble

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was formed in 2004 to represent the growing numbers of journalists covering fantasy sports exclusively. The

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began offering fantasy football leagues in 1997, the same year that the fantasy news website now known as

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In June 2007, Fantasy Sports Live, one of the first daily fantasy sites, was launched. In November 2008,

290:, the first national magazine dedicated to fantasy football, was launched by Ian Allan and Bruce Taylor. 228: 214: 420:

During the first decade of the 2000s, fantasy sports started to become a mainstream hobby. In 2002, the

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nine other AGs have issued options, statements or formal opinions that equate DFS with gambling.

697: 641:, which is played by approximately 79% of fantasy participants. The next most popular sports are 2342: 1964:"A Short Treatise on Fantasy Sports and the Law: How America Regulates its New National Pastime" 988:

accelerated the demand for real-time statistics amid the growth of the fantasy sports industry.

3696:"Author of anti-gambling law says "sheer chutzpah" for daily fantasy sites to claim legitimacy" 3671:"31 U.S. Code § 5364 – Policies and procedures to identify and prevent restricted transactions" 3646:"31 U.S. Code § 5362(1)(E)(vii)- Definitions – Bet or Wager – Fantasy excluded from definition" 1193: 580: 384: 262: 236: 111:

to become one of the first games to try to simulate the performances of real-life MLB players.

2995: 2740: 1080: 1025:"Therefore, federal copyright law does not pre-empt the players' claimed right of publicity." 71:

players. After rolling a pair of dice, participants would consult the card of the MLB player "

4409: 1002: 588: 286:, fantasy sports grew through print publications, such as magazines and newspapers. In 1987, 217:

cross-country trip, Winkenbach, along with Raiders public relations employee Bill Tunnel and

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on athlete performance than a traditional fantasy sports game. However, following the 2018

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in 2011 that "if there hadn't been Strat-O-Matic, I still think I would have come up with

8: 4269: 2312: 1873: 1813:"Interview: Paul Charchian Reflects on Life as a Fantasy Analyst, Entrepreneur and Gamer" 1135: 979:, a major statistical provider to fantasy sports companies, won a court case, along with 857: 849: 576: 388: 168: 4279: 3422: 2818: 2684: 2658: 2056:"Fantasy Football: The history of Fantasy football, the biggest seasons and the future" 2037:

McHutchion, John (July 20, 1995). "Molson uncaps Internet site aimed at young adults".

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debuted in 1989 as the first regular publication covering more than one fantasy sport.

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was formed in 2006 as a rival trade group. However, the organization folded in 2010.

459: 311: 180: 84: 80: 76: 2082: 955:. The only state with a ban on online fantasy sports that is codified in statute is 363:

of individual games in newspapers and keep track of cumulative statistics on paper.

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commissioner services, switched back to a paid model before the 2002 MLB season.

343: 224: 219: 172: 100: 3394: 1904:"Gambling in a Fantasy World: An Exploratory Study of Rotisserie Baseball Games" 848:

is hosted by Cole Wright and features Michael Fabiano, Adam Rank, Marcas Grant,

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According to the FSGA, the most popular fantasy sport in the US and Canada is

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as part of the company's "I am Online" marketing strategy centered around its

4491: 4456: 4446: 4369: 3418: 3340: 2461:"FanDuel signs deals with 15 NFL teams, escalating daily fantasy integration" 2209: 1711: 1014: 944: 889: 826: 806: 379: 339: 249: 232: 210: 148: 123: 119: 64: 49: 3310: 2308:"Daily fantasy sports Web sites find riches in Internet gaming law loophole" 4476: 4466: 4399: 4353: 4307: 2039: 1482:"Explaining the History of Rotisserie Baseball to Fantasy Football Players" 792: 481: 317: 200: 3919:"Dew-Becker v. Wu, No. 124472 (Supreme Court of Illinois, April 16, 2020)" 673:, visit a sports bar, and get food delivered than the general population. 4461: 984: 976: 830: 788: 477: 3473:"Texas House passes bill defining fantasy sports as legal game of skill" 4451: 4394: 4374: 3888:"Maryland Comptroller Officially Implements Fantasy Sports Regulations" 3232:"Fantasy Sports Hall of Fame - Fantasy Sports & Gaming Association" 1610:"Epson's Pigskin Playoff Game. It's a Snap to Play. It's a Kick to Win" 783:

Due to the popularity of fantasy sports, major sports networks such as

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launched in 2001 for fantasy cricket and had 500,000 users during the

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utilizes puppets and comedy to present statistical information about

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As of January 2022, online fantasy sports are legal in 49 of the 50

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The history of fantasy games can be traced to the 19th century. The

4404: 2934:"There's a Perfect Storm Brewing for European Daily Fantasy Sports" 2558:"Will Canada shut down daily fantasy sports sites? Don't bet on it" 1712:"The Pigskin Playoff Game. It's a Snap to Play. It's a Kick to Win" 980: 869: 670: 646: 426: 398: 283: 227:, developed the rules that would eventually be the basis of modern 144: 88: 2527:"Jerry Jones, Robert Kraft Among Investors in Drive by DraftKings" 962: 872:, though they are far less strictly regulated than other forms of 143:

In 1961, another early form of fantasy baseball was coded for the

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The Numbers Game: Baseball's Lifelong Fascination with Statistics

1253:"Fantasy Sports Before the Internet Were a Total Pain in the Ass" 1049: 956: 584: 565: 517: 455: 204:

The Numbers Game: Baseball’s Lifelong Fascination with Statistics

2879:(Press release). Fantasy Sports Trade Association. June 20, 2017 983:, on appeal against the NBA in which the NBA was trying to stop 4219: 2172: 796: 559: 462: 402: 375: 96: 72: 1444:"Fantasy sports leagues put armchair quarterbacks in the game" 3145:. Fantasy Sports & Gaming Association. 17 February 2019. 2175:. Fantasy Sports & Gaming Association. 17 February 2019. 1578:"Rise of fantasy football played big part in league's growth" 1136:"Strat-O-Matic more than a game for its founder and devotees" 998: 541: 2965:"Fantasy sports betting growing in popularity across Europe" 1937:"First Market Study Finds Fantasy Sports a Booming Business" 4379: 4174:"Baseball Rebuffed by U.S. Supreme Court on Fantasy Rights" 4008:"Michigan gaming regulator says fantasy sports are illegal" 3023:"Fantasy Sports to have 100 million users in India by 2019" 2845:"Fantasy Sports Services in the US: Market Research Report" 2710: 1543:"Software Helps Handle Hassles of Running a Fantasy League" 818: 784: 367: 335: 115: 3568:"31 U.S. Code § 5361 – Congressional findings and purpose" 3364:"The Fantasy Show with Matthew Berry Reaches 250 Episodes" 3596:"31 U.S. Code § 5361(b)- No modification of existing law" 3339:. Fantasy Sports & Gaming Association. Archived from 2370:"FanDuel turns fantasy sports betting into a social game" 2236:"Survey results push nfl.com to increase fantasy content" 2009:"Hockey Net in Canada: Molson scores with fantasy league" 1192:

A paper on this is available on Knowledge under the name

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Fantasy sports are generally considered to be a form of

676: 907: 206:, Sklar told Okrent about the Baseball Seminar league. 4147:"Fantasy Sports Win Right to Player Names, Statistics" 3827:"What Determines if a Game is one of Skill or Chance?" 3722:"Fantasy Sports vs Illegal Gambling Where is the Line" 126:, who would later be credited with developing modern 3263:"Fantasy Sports Statistics: Facts About The Players" 2343:"The evolution of the daily fantasy sports industry" 863: 454:

launched a daily fantasy site called SnapDraft, and

75:" to determine an outcome, which could range from a 4086:"Fantasy leagues permitted to use MLB names, stats" 3952:"Legality of Daily Fantasy Sports Under Nevada Law" 2871: 2869: 2458: 2337: 2335: 3562: 3560: 2406:. Boston Globe Media Partners. February 27, 2012. 920:Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association 886:Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 852:, Graham Barfield and statistics analytics expert 509:Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association 3857:"Is It Legal To Play Fantasy Football For Money?" 3621:"31 U.S. Code § 5362- Definitions – Bet or Wager" 3539:"House GOP promotes its "American Values Agenda"" 3399:The International Journal of the History of Sport 3393:Kupfer, Alexander; Anderson, Jamie (2021-02-22). 2494:Purdum, David; Rovell, Darren (August 28, 2018). 1939:. University of Mississippi. September 16, 2003. 1410:"Q&A: Fantasy Baseball Creator Daniel Okrent" 4489: 3946: 3944: 3801:"28 U.S. Code § 3702 – Unlawful sports gambling" 3471:Samuels, Alex; Marfin, Catherine (May 1, 2019). 3292:Burton, Rick; Hall, Kevin; Paul, Rodney (2013). 3054:"A breakdown of India's fantasy sports industry" 2866: 2332: 458:was founded in 2009 as a spin-off of a Scottish 277: 3557: 3114:"Sports Betting Trends in a Mobile-First India" 2685:"Where can you play DraftKings fantasy sports?" 963:Legal cases related to use of player statistics 520:, has officially banned online fantasy sports. 239:bars visited the King's X for trivia contests. 3698:. usnews.com. October 12, 2015. Archived from 3392: 3291: 3202:"New group aims to be voice of fantasy sports" 3169:"Growing fantasy sports scene is big business" 2002: 2000: 1998: 632:Fantasy Sports & Gaming Association (FSGA) 587:, signed a four-year sponsorship deal for the 171:businessman and future limited partner in the 55:, introduced in 1866, allowed participants to 4240: 3941: 3470: 2621:"Interactive Map: Sports Betting in the U.S." 2032: 2030: 1604: 1602: 242: 4080: 4078: 2493: 1901: 1288: 999:Major League Baseball Advanced Media (MLBAM) 130:, was an avid Strat-O-Matic player, telling 3745: 3743: 2877:"Fantasy Sports Now a $ 7 Billion Industry" 2649: 2647: 2645: 2430:"NHL announces partnership with DraftKings" 2274:"Inside how sports betting went mainstream" 2204: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2006: 1995: 1640: 1638: 1504: 4247: 4233: 4000: 2896: 2894: 2734: 2732: 2301: 2299: 2036: 2027: 1775: 1773: 1599: 1164:"The Lost Founder of Baseball Video Games" 4075: 3309: 2837: 2588: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2229: 2227: 2212:. Fantasy Sports & Gaming Association 2107: 1971:Journal of Sports & Entertainment Law 1908:UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal 1570: 1475: 1473: 1284: 1282: 1280: 771:Learn how and when to remove this message 387:statistics and provided content from the 4117:"Fantasy leagues can use baseball stats" 4114: 3740: 3590: 3588: 2642: 2191: 2143:"You might have to pay to help you play" 2080: 1810: 1635: 1403: 1401: 1399: 1129: 1127: 1074: 1072: 1070: 1068: 943:permitted under state law. Kansas Gov. 122:game, which was first released in 1961. 4426:Fantasy Sports & Gaming Association 4014:from the original on September 25, 2015 3988:from the original on September 25, 2015 3867:from the original on September 24, 2015 3849: 3439: 3236:Fantasy Sports & Gaming Association 2996:"The future of Fantasy Sports in India" 2900: 2891: 2738: 2729: 2589:Visnovsky, Andrew (February 22, 2016). 2367: 2305: 2296: 2015:from the original on September 13, 2014 2007:Summerfield, Patti (October 16, 1995). 1961: 1786:Minneapolis / St. Paul Business Journal 1779: 1770: 1437: 1435: 1353: 1318: 1316: 1314: 1215: 1213: 554:Fantasy Sports & Gaming Association 528: 432: 4490: 4045:from the original on December 10, 2017 4032: 3958:from the original on November 19, 2015 3885: 3837:from the original on February 23, 2021 3260: 3181:from the original on February 15, 2013 3051: 3020: 2975:from the original on December 27, 2021 2962: 2901:Heitner, Darren (September 16, 2015). 2812: 2459:Schrotenboer, Brent (April 21, 2015). 2349:from the original on November 19, 2017 2320:from the original on November 30, 2021 2271: 2258: 2233: 2224: 2053: 1479: 1470: 1277: 1157: 1155: 1153: 1151: 1133: 970: 4228: 4171: 4096:from the original on November 5, 2007 4010:. calvinayre.com. September 2, 2015. 3898:from the original on December 9, 2017 3824: 3585: 3545:from the original on October 11, 2015 3516:from the original on January 10, 2021 3501: 3452:from the original on January 10, 2021 3094:from the original on October 27, 2021 3064:from the original on December 5, 2021 2963:Miller, George (September 23, 2020). 2913:from the original on October 10, 2015 2825:from the original on October 28, 2021 2794:from the original on October 29, 2021 2779: 2601:from the original on January 25, 2022 2570:from the original on January 25, 2022 2555: 2537:from the original on January 25, 2022 2524: 2506:from the original on January 25, 2022 2475:from the original on January 25, 2022 2440:from the original on January 22, 2022 2410:from the original on October 28, 2015 2284:from the original on January 25, 2022 2246:from the original on January 25, 2022 2242:. Street & Smith's Sports Group. 2153:from the original on October 30, 2007 2089:from the original on December 1, 2017 2081:Schoenke, Peter (February 17, 2017). 2062:from the original on October 24, 2020 2011:. strategy (Brunico Communications). 1823:from the original on January 25, 2022 1792:from the original on October 30, 2007 1722:from the original on January 25, 2022 1620:from the original on January 25, 2022 1540: 1420:from the original on January 27, 2015 1407: 1396: 1322: 1265:from the original on January 25, 2022 1250: 1232:from the original on January 25, 2022 1174:from the original on November 4, 2013 1124: 1065: 880:Federal law related to fantasy gaming 677:Fantasy sports television programming 601: 474:National Basketball Association (NBA) 353: 4197: 4127:from the original on August 11, 2007 4115:McCarthy, Michael (August 8, 2006). 3929:from the original on August 14, 2020 3728:from the original on August 24, 2015 3483:from the original on January 9, 2021 3261:Kaylor, Jimmie (September 7, 2015). 3161: 3149:from the original on 19 January 2022 3084:"The Massive Boom Of Fantasy Sports" 2993: 2944:from the original on October 5, 2015 2931: 2851:from the original on October 9, 2015 2761:from the original on January 9, 2021 2739:Griffin, Jonathan (September 2015). 2665:from the original on August 30, 2022 2179:from the original on 19 January 2022 2140: 1871: 1865: 1541:Lynch, Dennis (September 17, 1998). 1480:Briggs, Graham (February 15, 2015). 1441: 1432: 1354:Fabiano, Michael (August 15, 2007). 1311: 1210: 1161: 1109: 908:State laws related to fantasy gaming 709:adding citations to reliable sources 680: 523: 413:A trade group for the industry, the 336:League of Alternate Baseball Reality 162: 43: 16:Imaginary sport teams ownership game 3531: 3374:from the original on April 12, 2022 3361: 3052:Ansari, Kashif (October 31, 2021). 3033:from the original on April 29, 2019 2813:Butler, Ryan (September 23, 2021). 2691:from the original on April 10, 2023 2556:Black, Matthew (January 31, 2016). 2234:Lefton, Terry (September 9, 2002). 2108:Salkowski, Joe (November 5, 2001). 1788:. American City Business Journals. 1366:from the original on April 26, 2012 1198:http://www.burgy.50megs.com/bbc.htm 1148: 1018:have a monopoly over the industry. 13: 4431:Fantasy Sports Writers Association 4254: 3886:Gouker, Dustin (January 3, 2017). 3440:Isidore, Chris (October 6, 2015). 3273:from the original on March 7, 2021 3199: 3002:from the original on April 5, 2019 2525:Byers, Justin (October 20, 2021). 1902:Bernhard, Bo; Eade, Vince (2005). 1874:"'Tis the season to project stats" 1780:Martyka, Jim (February 28, 2000). 1689:from the original on June 24, 2021 1656:from the original on June 24, 2021 1522:from the original on July 14, 2021 1408:Kelly, Jonathan (March 21, 2008). 1335:from the original on July 24, 2020 1078: 616:Fantasy Sports Writers Association 547: 14: 4514: 4213: 3502:Anzel, Rebecca (April 16, 2020). 3362:Ota, Kevin (September 11, 2020). 2630:from the original on May 14, 2023 2380:from the original on 14 July 2021 1943:from the original on July 9, 2021 1755:from the original on July 9, 2021 1555:from the original on July 9, 2021 1492:from the original on July 9, 2021 1458:from the original on July 9, 2021 1442:Behe, Regis (December 14, 2002). 1325:"The history of fantasy football" 1219: 1134:Lemire, Joe (February 10, 2011). 1091:from the original on July 9, 2021 864:Legal issues in the United States 805:hosted by long time staff writer 272:1981 Major League Baseball strike 140:, but unquestionably it helped." 4191: 4165: 4139: 4108: 4033:Gouker, Dustin (July 11, 2017). 3242:from the original on 26 May 2022 2932:Saba, Marc (February 12, 2016). 2780:Boone, Timothy (July 15, 2021). 2741:"The Legality of Fantasy Sports" 2717:from the original on May 1, 2023 2306:Kilgore, Adam (March 27, 2015). 2272:Purdum, David (August 9, 2018). 1110:Lidz, Franz (December 8, 1980). 991: 833:and licensed physical therapist 799:offers a fantasy program called 685: 608:Fantasy Sports Trade Association 594: 415:Fantasy Sports Trade Association 4057: 4026: 3970: 3910: 3879: 3825:Fried, David (April 14, 2020). 3818: 3807:from the original on 2015-12-30 3793: 3782:from the original on 2015-10-03 3768: 3757:from the original on 2015-09-13 3714: 3688: 3677:from the original on 2015-12-30 3663: 3652:from the original on 2015-10-16 3638: 3627:from the original on 2015-10-16 3613: 3602:from the original on 2015-09-06 3574:from the original on 2015-09-06 3495: 3464: 3442:"Why fantasy football is legal" 3433: 3386: 3355: 3329: 3318:from the original on 2022-01-19 3285: 3254: 3224: 3212:from the original on 5 May 2022 3193: 3135: 3124:from the original on 2022-07-14 3106: 3076: 3045: 3021:Tiwari, Manas (June 16, 2018). 3014: 2994:Azad, Imtiaz (March 11, 2019). 2987: 2956: 2925: 2806: 2773: 2703: 2677: 2613: 2582: 2549: 2518: 2487: 2452: 2422: 2392: 2361: 2165: 2134: 2101: 2074: 2047: 1984:from the original on 2022-05-01 1955: 1929: 1918:from the original on 2022-01-25 1895: 1884:from the original on 2016-01-05 1849:. June 25, 2000. Archived from 1835: 1804: 1737: 1704: 1671: 1588:from the original on 2020-07-25 1534: 1378: 1347: 1222:"The Birth of Fantasy Football" 1039: 924:of any athletes in such games. 696:needs additional citations for 625: 256:Rotisserie baseball, nicknamed 2368:Butcher, Mike (21 July 2009). 2054:Towers, Chris (May 11, 2020). 1962:Edelman, Marc (January 2012). 1811:Sedlacek, Tom (July 2, 2019). 1323:Brown, Eddie (July 28, 2014). 1244: 1186: 1103: 447:the game's winner or winners. 422:National Football League (NFL) 328:was launched. Also that year, 1: 4198:Shea, Jennifer (2023-05-16). 3411:10.1080/09523367.2021.1876673 2141:Hunt, John (March 12, 2002). 1782:"Fantasy fans get new outlet" 1251:Baker, Tim (April 15, 2016). 1162:Kalb, Bess (April 16, 2012). 1059: 913:sports wagering, in 2018 the 278:Growth and early participants 114:An example of such games was 63:, which contained customized 23:(also known less commonly as 4172:Stohr, Greg (June 2, 2008). 2115:Los Angeles Business Journal 837:, who gives injury updates. 401:was launched. In July 1999, 385:National Hockey League (NHL) 7: 4220:LineStar DFS Fantasy Sports 3724:. cnbc.com. April 6, 2015. 2624:American Gaming Association 2083:"It was 20 years ago today" 1582:www.sportsbusinessdaily.com 1386:"BIRTH OF FANTASY FOOTBALL" 1329:The San Diego Union-Tribune 915:United States Supreme Court 504:United States Supreme Court 69:Major League Baseball (MLB) 10: 4519: 4200:"Thomas Knapp – Paramount" 3541:. cnn.com. June 28, 2006. 2043:. Toronto Star Newspapers. 1486:socalledfantasyexperts.com 620:Fantasy Sports Association 436: 243:Rotisserie League Baseball 235:when the patrons of other 38: 4439: 4418: 4362: 4336: 4262: 1452:Pittsburgh Tribune-Review 282:Before the advent of the 4206:. Vanguard Law Magazine. 1360:National Football League 1196:and also at the website 1032: 533:In May 2015, Australian 374:website was released by 53:Sebring Parlor Base Ball 4349:Sports stock simulation 3527:(subscription required) 3337:"Industry Demographics" 3311:10.21038/sprt.2013.0225 3206:Sports Business Journal 2862:(subscription required) 2240:Sports Business Journal 2210:"Industry Demographics" 1766:(subscription required) 1733:(subscription required) 1700:(subscription required) 1667:(subscription required) 1631:(subscription required) 1566:(subscription required) 407:Fantasy Football Weekly 338:, which first included 326:Fantasy Football Weekly 292:Fantasy Sports Magazine 1977:. Harvard Law School. 1751:. September 12, 1990. 1356:"Fantasy Football 101" 1194:File:1620 baseball.pdf 581:2003 Cricket World Cup 324:In 1993, the magazine 288:Fantasy Football Index 209:Two years later, in a 4410:Yahoo! Fantasy Sports 4204:Vanguard Law Magazine 4069:July 2, 2007, at the 4064:NBA Lawsuit – AOL.com 3863:. September 3, 2013. 3776:"18 U.S. Code § 1955" 3751:"18 U.S. Code § 1084" 3088:India Education Diary 2436:. November 10, 2014. 1853:on September 27, 2007 1718:. September 9, 1990. 1616:. September 2, 1990. 1289:Alan Schwarz (2004). 469:was founded in 2012. 179:In 1960, sociologist 3954:. October 16, 2015. 3702:on November 17, 2015 3298:The Journal of Sport 3238:. 17 February 2019. 1872:Keri, Jonah (2007). 1817:Outside is Overrated 1392:on February 8, 2018. 1081:"Start of a Fantasy" 705:improve this article 655:association football 529:Size of the industry 490:New England Patriots 444:Daily fantasy sports 439:Daily fantasy sports 433:Daily fantasy sports 213:hotel room during a 4363:Prominent companies 4039:Legal Sports Report 3984:. August 28, 2014. 3892:Legal Sports Report 3343:on December 3, 2019 3174:The Business Review 3120:. 25 January 2022. 2938:Legal Sports Report 2626:. August 16, 2022. 2531:Front Office Sports 2313:The Washington Post 971:STATS, Inc. vs. NBA 850:Akbar Gbaja-Biamila 577:ESPN Super Selector 389:Hockey Hall of Fame 189:earned run averages 169:Oakland, California 151:, then working for 4419:Trade associations 4153:. October 16, 2007 4092:. August 8, 2006. 2819:The Action Network 2711:"FanDuel Homepage" 2661:. August 7, 2022. 2659:The Action Network 1685:. April 23, 1990. 1652:. April 29, 1990. 1295:Thomas Dunne Books 1203:2022-01-25 at the 1141:Sports Illustrated 1117:Sports Illustrated 840:NFL Network aires 602:Trade associations 354:Internet expansion 133:Sports Illustrated 4485: 4484: 3982:The Wichita Eagle 3477:The Texas Tribune 3267:sportscasting.com 3027:Financial Express 2847:. IBISWorld.com. 1716:Los Angeles Times 1683:Los Angeles Times 1512:"Scoring Formats" 1304:978-0-312-32222-9 781: 780: 773: 755: 639:gridiron football 630:According to the 524:Industry overview 460:prediction market 312:Los Angeles Times 181:William A. Gamson 163:The first leagues 44:Early simulations 4510: 4249: 4242: 4235: 4226: 4225: 4208: 4207: 4195: 4189: 4188: 4186: 4184: 4169: 4163: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4143: 4137: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4112: 4106: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4082: 4073: 4061: 4055: 4054: 4052: 4050: 4030: 4024: 4023: 4021: 4019: 4004: 3998: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3974: 3968: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3948: 3939: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3914: 3908: 3907: 3905: 3903: 3883: 3877: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3853: 3847: 3846: 3844: 3842: 3822: 3816: 3815: 3813: 3812: 3797: 3791: 3790: 3788: 3787: 3772: 3766: 3765: 3763: 3762: 3747: 3738: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3718: 3712: 3711: 3709: 3707: 3692: 3686: 3685: 3683: 3682: 3667: 3661: 3660: 3658: 3657: 3642: 3636: 3635: 3633: 3632: 3617: 3611: 3610: 3608: 3607: 3592: 3583: 3582: 3580: 3579: 3564: 3555: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3535: 3529: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3521: 3499: 3493: 3492: 3490: 3488: 3468: 3462: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3437: 3431: 3430: 3390: 3384: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3359: 3353: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3333: 3327: 3326: 3324: 3323: 3313: 3289: 3283: 3282: 3280: 3278: 3258: 3252: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3228: 3222: 3221: 3219: 3217: 3197: 3191: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3177:. May 28, 2007. 3165: 3159: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3143:"About The FSGA" 3139: 3133: 3132: 3130: 3129: 3110: 3104: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3090:. 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