560:(1798). Seymour writes, the "few timid visits Fanny made to see Mary and in London were acts of great courage; she got little thanks for them". Although instructed by Godwin not to speak to Shelley and her sisters, Fanny warned them of creditors who knew of Shelley's return (he also was in debt). Her attempts to persuade Clairmont to return to the Godwins' convinced Shelley that she was of Godwin's party and he began to distrust her. Fanny was also still responsible for soliciting money from Shelley in order to repay her father's debts; despite Shelley's essential elopement with two of his daughters, Godwin agreed to accept £1,200 from Shelley. When Mary Godwin gave birth to a daughter in February 1815, she immediately sent for Fanny, particularly as both she and the infant were ill. Godwin chastised Fanny for disobeying his orders not to see her half-sister and her misery increased. After the death of the child, Fanny paid more frequent visits to the couple.
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stepmother became increasingly hostile. Mary Godwin consoled herself with
Shelley and the two started a passionate love affair. When Shelley declared to Godwin that the two were in love, Godwin exploded in anger. However, he needed the money that Shelley, as an aristocrat, could and was willing to provide. Frustrated with the entire situation, Mary Godwin, Shelley, and Claire Clairmont ran off to Europe together on 28 June 1814. Godwin hurriedly summoned Fanny home from Wales to help him handle the situation. Her stepmother wrote that Fanny's "emotion was deep when she heard of the sad fate of the two girls; she cannot get over it". In the middle of this disaster, one of Godwin's protégés killed himself, and young William Godwin ran away from home and was missing for two days. When news of the girls' escapade became public, Godwin was pilloried in the press. Life in the Godwin household became increasingly strained.
303:, Wollstonecraft's publisher and close friend, contacted Fanny's father, but he was uninterested in raising his child. (Neither Wollstonecraft nor her daughter ever saw Gilbert Imlay after 1796.) Wollstonecraft's two sisters, Eliza Bishop and Everina Wollstonecraft, Fanny's only two living female relatives, were anxious to care for her; Godwin, disliking them, turned down their offer. Several times throughout Fanny's childhood Wollstonecraft's sisters asked Godwin to allow them to raise their niece and each time he refused. Godwin himself did not seem particularly ready for parenthood and he now had two small children to raise and no steady source of income. However, he was determined to care for them. During these early years of Fanny's life, Joseph Johnson served as an "unofficial trustee" for her as he had occasionally for her mother. He even willed her
632:(to protect her reputation, they attempted to hide the pregnancy). Fanny saw Shelley twice in September 1816; according to Todd's interpretation of Fanny's letters, Fanny had earlier tried to solicit an invitation to join the group in Europe and she repeated these appeals when she saw Shelley in London. Todd believes that Fanny begged to be allowed to stay with them because life in Godwin's house was unbearable, with the constant financial worries and Mrs Godwin's insistent haranguing, and that Shelley refused, concerned with anyone learning about Clairmont's condition, most of all someone he believed might inform Godwin (Shelley was being sued by his wife and was worried about his own reputation). After Shelley left, Todd explains that Fanny wrote to Mary "to make clear again her longing to be rescued".
219:
482:
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125:
382:, asking her advice on how to raise and educate his daughters. In her biography of Mary Shelley, Miranda Seymour agrees with St Clair, arguing that "everything we know about his daughter's early years suggests that she was being taught in a way of which her mother would have approved", pointing out that she had a governess, a tutor, a French-speaking stepmother, and a father who wrote children's books whose drafts he read to his own first. It was the new Mrs Godwin who was primarily responsible for the education given to the girls, but she taught her own daughter more, including French. Fanny received no formal education after her stepfather's marriage. Yet, the adult Imlay is described by
766:. Her father in London also received a letter. The alarming nature of the letters prompted both Godwin and Shelley to set out for Bristol at once (although they travelled separately). By the time they tracked her to Swansea on 11 October, they were too late. Fanny was found dead in her room on 10 October, having taken a fatal dose of laudanum, and it was only Shelley who stayed to deal with the situation. Fanny left behind an unaddressed note, describing herself as "unfortunate", perhaps referring to Mary Wollstonecraft's description of her as "my unfortunate girl" in the note she wrote on "Lessons" before she herself attempted suicide:
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had died of an "inflammatory fever", that she was living with her mother's sisters, or, if forced to admit suicide, that Fanny killed herself because
Shelley loved Mary Godwin and not her. Neither Percy nor Mary mention Fanny's death in their surviving letters from this time. Claire Clairmont claimed in a letter to Byron that Percy became ill because of her death, but as Holmes notes, there is no other evidence for this assertion. Yet Locke writes that Shelley told Byron he felt "a far severer anguish" over Fanny's suicide than over Harriet's (his wife's) suicide just two months later.
571:. Godwin's debts continued to mount, and while he demanded money from Shelley, Godwin still refused to see either him or his daughter. At this time, Charles Clairmont (Fanny's step-brother), frustrated with the tension in the Godwin household, left for France and refused to help the family any further. At around the same time, Claire Clairmont, Mary Godwin, and Shelley left for the Continent, seeking Byron. Godwin was aghast. He relied on Shelley's money, and the stain on his family's reputation only increased when the public learned that the group had left to join the rakish Byron.
786:, Fanny was declared "dead", rather than a suicide or an insanity victim, which saved her body from various indignities. Todd speculates that Shelley arranged for Fanny to be declared "dead" (an appellation more common for the well-to-do) and removed any identifying items, such as her name on the note. She also concludes that to protect the rest of the family, he refused to claim her body. No one else claimed Fanny's body and it was most likely buried in the graveyard of St. John-Juxta-Swansea (now Saint Matthew's Churchyard). In fact, Godwin wrote to Percy Shelley:
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be supported by those who have the worth to give". Todd, on the other hand, agrees with Pollin and speculates that Fanny went to see Mary Godwin and
Shelley. Todd argues that Fanny had affection for Shelley and felt that his home was her only haven. Relying on scraps of poetry that Shelley may have written after Fanny's death, Todd concludes that Shelley saw her in Bath and rejected her pleas because he needed to protect Claire's reputation as well as his own at this time. Todd also notes that Fanny had worn her mother's
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events and illness. Richard Holmes, in his biography of Percy
Shelley, argues that "her agonizing and loveless suspension between the Godwin and Shelley households was clearly the root circumstance" of her suicide. Godwin biographer and philosopher Don Locke argues that "most probably because she could absorb no more of the miseries of Skinner Street, her father's inability to pay his debts or write his books, her mother's unending irritability and spitefulness", all of which she blamed on herself, she committed suicide.
515:, Shelley wrote to him and the two started corresponding. In 1812, Shelley asked if Fanny, then 18 and the daughter of one of his heroes, Mary Wollstonecraft, could come live with him, his new wife, and her sister. Having never actually met Shelley and being sceptical of his motivations (Shelley had eloped to marry his wife, Harriet), Godwin refused. When Shelley finally came to visit the Godwins, all three girls were enamoured of him, particularly Imlay. Both Shelley and Fanny were interested in discussing
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2094:, 311-13. Shelley's financial situation was complex. As an aristocrat, he could borrow money against his inheritance through what were referred to as "post-obits"; they came at a costly interest rate. Shelley borrowed much money this way for himself and Godwin after his father refused to grant him any more funds. Thus, he was consistently in debt, though his creditors assumed that he would one day be able to pay or that he could somehow raise the money to pay off his debts.
111:. Wollstonecraft's daughters resented the new Mrs Godwin and the attention she paid to her own daughter. The Godwin household became an increasingly uncomfortable place to live as tensions rose and debts mounted. The teenage Mary and Claire escaped by running off to the Continent with Shelley in 1814. Fanny, left behind, bore the brunt of her stepmother's anger. She became increasingly isolated from her family and died by suicide in 1816.
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to Mary of "the dreadful state of mind I generally labour under & which I in vain endeavour to get rid of". Many scholars attribute Fanny's increasing unhappiness to Mrs Godwin's hostility towards her. Kegan, and others, contend that Fanny was subject to the same "extreme depression to which her mother had been subject, and which marked other members of the
Wollstonecraft family". Wandering amongst the mountains of
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to exercise her own thoughts and follow her own judgment. Mary, my daughter, is the reverse of her in many particulars. She is singularly bold, somewhat imperious, and active of mind. Her desire for knowledge is great, and her perseverance in everything she undertakes is almost invincible. My own daughter is, I believe, very pretty; Fanny is by no means handsome, but in general prepossessing.
104:. In an attempt to revive their relationship, Wollstonecraft travelled to Scandinavia on business for him, taking the one-year-old Fanny with her, but the affair never rekindled. After falling in love with and marrying Godwin, Wollstonecraft died soon after giving birth in 1797, leaving the three-year-old Fanny in the hands of Godwin, along with their newborn daughter Mary.
372:(1778–79), but, according to Todd, he did not take great pains with their educations and disregarded the books Wollstonecraft had written for Fanny. William St Clair, in his biography of the Godwins and the Shelleys, argues that Godwin and Wollstonecraft spoke extensively about the education they wanted for their children and that Godwin's writings in
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choose a side in the family drama. As
Seymour explains, Fanny was in a difficult position: the Godwin household felt Shelley was a dangerous influence and the Shelley household ridiculed her fear of violating social conventions. Also, her aunts were considering her for a teaching position at this time, but were reluctant because of Godwin's shocking
679:, Wales; she was 22. The details surrounding her death and her motivations are disputed. Most of the letters regarding the incident were destroyed or are missing. In his 1965 article "Fanny Godwin's Suicide Re-examined", B. R. Pollin lays out the major theories that had been put forward regarding her suicide and which continue to be used today:
429:, in the city's bookselling district. This took the family away from the fresh country air and into the dirty, smelly, inner streets of London. Although initially successful, the business gradually failed. The Godwins also continued to borrow more money than they could afford from generous friends such as publisher
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shall cultivate sensibility, and cherish delicacy of sentiment, lest, whilst I lend fresh blushes to the rose, I sharpen the thorns that will wound the breast I would fain guard—I dread to unfold her mind, lest it should render her unfit for the world she is to inhabit—Hapless woman! what a fate is thine!
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Do nothing to destroy the obscurity she so much desired, that now rests upon the event. It was, as I said, her last wish ... Think what is the situation of my wife & myself, now deprived of all our children but the youngest ; & do not expose us to those idle questions, which to a mind in
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In his survey of the letters of the
Godwins and the Shelleys, Pollin comes to the conclusion that Fanny was not depressive. She is frequently described as happy and looking toward the future and describes herself this way. The mentions of melancholia and sadness are specific and related to particular
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Pollin is also sceptical of the second explanation, pointing to Fanny's letter to Mary of 3 October 1816 in which she defended her step-mother: "Mrs. Godwin would never do either of you a deliberate injury. Mamma and I are not great friends, but always alive to her virtues, I am anxious to defend her
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Before Mary Godwin, Clairmont, and
Shelley had left for the Continent, Fanny and Mary had had a major argument and no chance to come to a reconciliation. Fanny attempted in her letters to Mary to smooth over the relationship, but her sense of loneliness and isolation in London was palpable. She wrote
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in May of that year; Todd speculates that Godwin was trying to separate her from
Shelley while Seymour hints that Mrs Godwin was trying to improve her despondent mood. Meanwhile, the Godwin household became even more uncomfortable as Godwin sank further into debt and as relations between Mary and her
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Because suicide was considered scandalous, disreputable, and sinful at the time, which might have damaged Godwin's business, the family told various stories regarding Imlay's death in order to cover up the truth, including that she had gone on vacation, that she had died of a cold in Wales, that she
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I have long determined that the best thing I could do was to put an end to the existence of a being whose birth was unfortunate, and whose life has only been a series of pain to those persons who have hurt their health in endeavouring to promote her welfare. Perhaps to hear of my death will give you
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and he "somehow failed her", causing her to commit suicide. Seymour and others speculate that
Shelley's only failure was to live up to his financial promises to Godwin and it was this that helped push Fanny over the edge; she was convinced, like her father, "that the worthy have an absolute right to
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came to visit Godwin in the summer of 1816 and he and Fanny discussed the plight of the working poor in Britain. She agreed with many of Owen's proposals, but not all of them. She decided, in the end, that his utopian scheme was too "romantic", because it depended heavily on the goodwill of the rich
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My own daughter is considerably superior in capacity to the one her mother had before. Fanny, the eldest, is of a quiet, modest, unshowy disposition, somewhat given to indolence, which is her greatest fault, but sober, observing, peculiarly clear and distinct in the faculty of memory, and disposed
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You know that as a female I am particularly attached to her—I feel more than a mother's fondness and anxiety, when I reflect on the dependent and oppressed state of her sex. I dread lest she should be forced to sacrifice her heart to her principles, or principles to her heart. With trembling hand I
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Pollin finds no evidence that Fanny had been refused a position at her aunts' school, only that such a scheme may have been "in contemplation", as Godwin later wrote, although Seymour grants this explanation some plausibility. St Clair claims that Fanny was on her way to join her maternal aunts in
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When you were hungry, you began to cry, because you could not speak. You were seven months without teeth, always sucking. But after you got one, you began to gnaw a crust of bread. It was not long before another came pop. At ten months you had four pretty white teeth, and you used to bite me. Poor
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When Mary Godwin, Claire Clairmont, and Shelley returned from the Continent in September 1814, they took a house together in London, enraging Godwin still further. Fanny felt pulled between the two households: she felt loyal both to her sisters and to her father. Both despised her decision not to
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that her father reckons saucily on her writing the second part of the Rts of Woman" . Imlay soon tired of Wollstonecraft and domestic life and left her for long periods of time. Her letters to him are full of needy expostulations, explained by most critics as the expressions of a deeply depressed
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As Fanny grew up, her father increasingly relied on her to placate tradespeople who demanded bills be paid and to solicit money from men such as Place. According to Todd and Seymour, Fanny believed in Godwin's theory that great thinkers and artists should be supported by patrons and she believed
292:(1788), has the initials "F. G." written in large print in it. According to the dominant interpretation of Godwin's diary, it was not until Fanny turned twelve that she was informed in an important conversation with Godwin that he was not her natural father. In the only biography of Fanny,
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and six-year-old Charles. She had never been married and was looking, like Godwin, for financial stability. Although Clairmont was well-educated and well-travelled, most of Godwin's friends despised her, finding her vulgar and dishonest. They were astonished that Godwin could replace Mary
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We are at this moment in doubt whether during the first shock we shall not say she is gone to Ireland to her aunts, a thing that had been in contemplation ... What I have most of all in horror is the public papers; & I thank you for your caution as it might act on this.
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St. Clair, 242; St Clair notes that "it is easy to forget in reading of these crises how unrepresentative the references in surviving documents may be. It is easy for the biographer to give undue weight to the opinions of the people who happen to have written things down."
211:, but also because she was travelling without a male escort. When she returned to England and realized that her relationship with Imlay was over, she attempted suicide a second time. She went out on a rainy night, walked around to soak her clothes, and then jumped into the
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to sacrifice their wealth. That same summer, George Blood—the brother of Fanny's namesake—came to meet her for the first time and told her stories of her mother. After this meeting she wrote to Mary Godwin and Shelley: "I have determined never to live to be a disgrace to
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While there is no known image of Fanny, a few months after her death, Shelley penned the poem quoted at the beginning of this article. As Seymour writes, "ublished by Mary without comment, it has always been supposed to allude to his last meeting with her half-sister."
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from June to September 1795, with only her one-year-old daughter and a maid, in order to conduct some business for him. Wollstonecraft's journey was daunting not only because she was travelling to what some considered a nearly uncivilized region during
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can mean both "tollbooth" and "tollhouse". According to St Clair, "the lovers had arranged uncomfortable assignations there during the time when Imlay was forbidden to leave the city limits" (182). Which of the many places named Neuilly is unclear.
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mamma! Still I did not cry, because I am not a child, but you hurt me very much. So I said to papa, it is time the little girl should eat. She is not naughty, yet she hurts me. I have given her a crust of bread, and I must look for some other milk.
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Wollstonecraft returned to London in April 1795, seeking Imlay, but he rejected her; the next month she attempted to commit suicide, but he saved her life (it is unclear how). In a last attempt to win him back, she embarked upon a hazardous trip to
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On the night of 9 October, Fanny checked into the Mackworth Arms Inn in Swansea and instructed the chambermaid not to disturb her. The same night Mary Godwin, staying in Bath with Shelley, received a letter Fanny had mailed earlier from
469:. He was anxious to meet the daughters of the woman he revered and referred to Fanny, Mary, and Claire as "goddesses". He spent most of his time talking with Fanny about political and educational topics. Burr was impressed by the
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self-imposed exile from the United States after his acquittal on treason charges, he often spent time with the Godwins. He greatly admired the works of Wollstonecraft and had educated his daughter according to the precepts of
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Although Godwin was fond of his children, he was, in many ways, ill-equipped to care for them. As Todd explains, he was constantly annoyed by their noise, demanding silence while he worked. However, when he took a trip to
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Godwin to be both a great novelist and a great philosopher. Throughout her life, she wrote letters asking Place and others for money to support Godwin's "genius" and she helped run the household so that he could work.
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Ireland when she decided to commit suicide. He believes that it was to be a probationary visit, to see if she could be a teacher in their school. Godwin's modern biographer, Richard Holmes, dismisses this story.
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It is only poets that are eternal benefactors of their fellow creatures—& the real ones never fail of giving us the highest degree of pleasure we are capable of ... they are in my oppinion [
1336:, 54. Todd identifies the place as a "tollbooth" and St Clair, paraphrasing Godwin's 1798 edition of Wollstonecraft's and Imlay's letters, identifies it as a "toll gate barrier". In modern French, at least,
161:(1792) and Imlay to engage in speculative business ventures. The two met and fell in love. At one point during Wollstonecraft and Imlay's relationship, the couple could meet only at a tollbooth between
386:, one of Godwin's earliest biographers, as "well educated, sprightly, clever, a good letter-writer, and an excellent domestic manager". Fanny excelled in drawing and was taught music. Despite Godwin's
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disputes this reading, arguing instead that the conversation was about Fanny's future. She finds it unlikely that Fanny would have been unaware of her origins in the open and liberal Godwin household.
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Wollstonecraft with her. Fanny and her half-sister Mary disliked their stepmother and complained that she preferred her own children to them. On 28 March 1803, baby William was born to the couple.
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The note appears to have originally been signed, but the name was torn off or burned off so that her body could not be identified. When the announcement was printed in the local newspaper,
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Although Godwin admired Wollstonecraft's writings, he did not agree with her that women should receive the same education as men. Therefore, he occasionally read to Fanny and Mary from
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in February 1793. Most people, including Wollstonecraft's sisters, assumed they were married—and thus, by extension, that Fanny was legitimate—and she was registered as such in France.
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The intellectual world of the girls was widened by their exposure to the literary and political circles in which Godwin moved. For example, during former American vice-president
169:, and it was there that their daughter was conceived; Fanny was therefore, in Godwin's words, a "barrier child". Frances "Fanny" Imlay, Wollstonecraft's first child, was born in
100:
Although Gilbert Imlay and Mary Wollstonecraft lived together happily for brief periods before and after the birth of Fanny, he left Wollstonecraft in France in the midst of
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567:, and Mary Godwin and Shelley had a second child on 24 January 1816, who was named William after Godwin. In February, Fanny went to visit the Shelleys, who had settled in
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for which he wrote children's books. In 1807, when Fanny was 13, they moved from the Polygon, where Godwin had lived with Wollstonecraft, to 41 Skinner Street, near
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Wollstonecraft lavished love and attention on her daughter. She began two books, drawn from her own experience, related to Fanny's care: a parenting manual entitled
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pottery factory with an "F" on it that delighted both mother and daughter. Wollstonecraft died in September of the same year, from complications giving birth to
236:(1796)—in which, among other things, she celebrated motherhood. Her maternal connection to her daughter prompted her to reflect on a woman's place in the world:
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181:, her mother's closest friend. Although Imlay never married Wollstonecraft, he registered her as his wife at the American consulate to protect her once
733:, which were embroidered with the initials "M.W.", and the nicest clothes she owned. She had adorned herself with a Swiss gold watch sent to her from
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200, but Godwin owed Johnson so much money upon his death in 1809 that Johnson's heirs demanded Godwin pay the money back as part of his arrears.
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Four years later, Godwin remarried and his new wife, Mary Jane Clairmont, brought two children of her own into the marriage, most significantly
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by the Shelleys and a necklace, in order to make a good impression. After Shelley rejected her, Todd concludes, Fanny decided to end her life.
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which openly discuss the circumstances of her birth. Fanny herself even makes this distinction in letters to her half-sister Mary Godwin.
274:(she had become pregnant with his child). Godwin grew to love Fanny during his affair with Wollstonecraft; he brought her back a mug from
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Pollin dismisses the first of these, as have most later biographers, arguing that Fanny had access to her mother's writings and Godwin's
286:, was unofficially adopted by her stepfather and given the name of Godwin. Her copy of Wollstonecraft's only completed children's book,
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reflect these discussions. He contends that after Wollstonecraft's death Godwin wrote to a former pupil to whom she had been close, now
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Using her diaries and letters from her journey to Scandinavia, Wollstonecraft wrote a rumination on her travels and her relationship—
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Initially, the couple's life together was idyllic. Wollstonecraft playfully wrote to one friend: "My little Girl begins to suck so
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politics; for example, Shelley liked to act as if class were irrelevant, but she argued that it was significant in daily affairs.
71:. Wollstonecraft wrote about her frequently in her later works. Fanny grew up in the household of anarchist political philosopher
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In 1814, Shelley spent a considerable amount of time at the Godwins' and he and Fanny may have fallen in love. Later,
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The Godwins were constantly in debt, so Godwin returned to writing to support the family. He and his wife started a
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woman but by some as a result of her circumstances—alone with an infant in the middle of the French Revolution.
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Godwin, never one to mince words, wrote about the differences he perceived between his two daughters:
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On 9 October 1816, Fanny left Godwin's house in London and died by suicide by taking an overdose of
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2375:, 223–25; see also Locke, 272 where he writes that she might have seen Percy Shelley at this time.
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was known as "Neuilly" until 1897, when the name was changed, and is the most likely candidate.
586:... I have found that if I will endeavour to overcome my faults I shall find being's [
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to visit Wollstonecraft's sisters, he missed the girls immensely and wrote to them frequently.
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Amidst all of this family turmoil, Fanny still found time to ponder larger social issues. The
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pain, but you will soon have the blessing of forgetting that such a creature ever existed as
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2499:, 239; according to Seymour this letter was written to Mary Shelley, not Percy Shelley, 171.
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Fanny was depressive, and her condition was aggravated by the state of the Godwin household.
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William Godwin, the editor, speculates that Wollstonecraft wrote this note in October 1795.
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Mrs Godwin became more cruel to Fanny after Mary Godwin and Claire Clairmont ran off with
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Before one of her suicide attempts, Wollstonecraft wrote at the top of the first page of
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Fanny was in love with Percy Shelley and distraught that Mary and he had fallen in love.
226:: "The first book of a series which I intended to have written for my unfortunate girl."
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who had the greatest impact on Fanny and her sisters' lives. Impressed by Godwin's
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The group returned from the Continent, with a pregnant Clairmont, and settled in
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2077:, 151–53; see also Gittings and Manton, 18–25; Locke, 256–68; St Clair, 372–73.
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Pollin largely agrees with Todd, speculating that Fanny saw Percy Shelley in
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on 14 May 1794, or, as the birth certificate stated, on the 25th day of
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Duty kept her with us; but I am afraid her affections were with them.
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In 1797, Wollstonecraft fell in love with and married the philosopher
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Death & the Maidens: Fanny Wollstonecraft and the Shelley Circle
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Fanny had been refused a position at her aunts' school in Ireland.
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282:, who survived. Three-year-old Fanny, who had been scarred from
79:
and their combined family of five children. Fanny's half-sister
3089:
2971:
734:
317:
473:
teaching method and took Fanny to see a model school in 1811.
304:
2861:
Memoirs of the Author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
706:
Memoirs of the Author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
557:
Memoirs of the Author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
527:
162:
2606:
A Fantasy of Reason: The Life and Thought of William Godwin
653:] nature & art united—& as such never failing.
346:, a neighbour with two children of her own: three-year-old
563:
Soon after, Clairmont became a lover of the Romantic poet
397:
342:
On 21 December 1801, when Fanny was seven, Godwin married
649:
588:
2646:
The Godwins and the Shelleys: The biography of a family
3111:
Lives of the Most Eminent Literary and Scientific Men
779:, therefore, it did not refer to Fanny specifically.
139:
Fanny Wollstonecraft was the daughter of the British
2619:
Pollin, B. R. "Fanny Godwin's Suicide Re-examined".
177:
in the Second Year of the Republic, and named after
67:
and the American commercial speculator and diplomat
2480:
A Necessary Life | The story of Mary Wollstonecraft
51:(14 May 1794 – 9 October 1816), also known as
75:, the widower of her mother, with his second wife
3224:"The Haunting of Villa Diodati" (2020 TV episode)
2674:; (NB "Fanny Wollstonecraft" here = Fanny Imlay).
1786:
1784:
1617:, 35–36; Seymour, 38, 40–41; see also Locke, 218.
683:Fanny had just learned of her illegitimate birth.
541:, Fanny's half-sister and the (eventual) wife of
3289:
2512:, 242–43; Gittings and Manton, 36; Seymour, 171.
1926:, 147; Locke, 248; Seymour, 67ff; St Clair, 330.
1796:. Retrieved 1 June 2007; see also St Clair, 399.
493:was probably loved by all three Godwin sisters (
2576:Footsteps: Adventures of a Romantic Biographer.
1578:St Clair, 180; Tomalin, 286–87; Seymour, 82–83.
602:, Fanny's sister by adoption and a mistress of
2813:Letters Written in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark
2270:
2268:
1781:
526:claimed that they had been. Fanny was sent to
233:Letters Written in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark
188:
2987:
2742:
2318:
2316:
826:
2608:. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1980.
713:from a charge so foreign to her character."
97:poet, who composed a poem on Fanny's death.
2563:. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
2561:Claire Clairmont and the Shelleys 1798–1879
2265:
2994:
2980:
2749:
2735:
2648:. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1989.
2313:
833:
819:
476:
2714:. London: Pickering & Chatto, 2008.
2697:The Life and Death of Mary Wollstonecraft
2681:. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2000.
2679:Mary Wollstonecraft: A Revolutionary Life
2034:, 139; Seymour, 99–100; St Clair, 362–63.
299:After Wollstonecraft's death, Godwin and
2593:. 1974. London: Harper Perennial, 2005.
2462:
2460:
2141:
2139:
2107:, 160–62; see also Seymour, 121, 128–29.
1770:
1768:
740:
594:
533:
480:
396:
322:
217:
123:
3027:Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus
2756:
1263:
791:anguish is one of the severest trials.
417:, where Fanny spent her childhood years
390:, all of the children were taken to an
3290:
2773:Thoughts on the Education of Daughters
151:. Both had moved to France during the
2975:
2730:
2457:
2201:, 206; see also 208–09; Seymour, 152.
2136:
2008:, 231–34; Locke, 251–54; Seymour, 99.
1765:
1397:, 258; see also, Tomalin, 219; Todd,
1245:
1240:
1238:
1231:
1229:
1224:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1206:
1204:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1081:
1074:
1072:
1065:
1056:
1054:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1036:
1027:
1018:
996:
994:
992:
990:
984:
982:
980:
974:
972:
970:
964:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
952:
950:
948:
946:
909:
896:
887:
873:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
37:This world is all too wide for thee.
2805:A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
2699:. Rev. ed. New York: Penguin, 1992.
2534:Locke, 274–75; see also Pollin, 267.
2397:Todd, 224–25; see also Seymour, 160.
466:A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
247:Letters on the Management of Infants
158:A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
29:Yet knew I not that heart was broken
2959:A Sculpture for Mary Wollstonecraft
2712:Gilbert Imlay: Citizen of the World
2047:, 146; Seymour, 121; Locke, 270–71.
1600:St Clair, 296; Tomalin, 287; Todd,
13:
3308:English people of American descent
2797:A Vindication of the Rights of Men
33:Heeding not the words then spoken.
31:From which it came, and I departed
27:Her voice did quiver as we parted,
14:
3354:
3318:French people of American descent
1952:, 97–99; see also Seymour, 68–69.
1444:, 355–56; Tomalin, 232–36; Todd,
3313:French people of English descent
3120:
3001:
2838:
2666:. Berkeley: Counterpoint, 2007.
2437:, 3–4; Seymour, 169–71; Holmes,
2262:Pollin, 265–66; Seymour, 169–70.
1302:
625:, her sister was unsympathetic.
444:
3333:People from Somers Town, London
2789:Original Stories from Real Life
2549:
2537:
2528:
2515:
2502:
2489:
2473:
2454:, 233; Gittings and Manton, 36.
2444:
2427:
2418:
2409:
2400:
2391:
2378:
2365:
2356:
2347:
2334:
2325:
2304:
2295:
2286:
2277:
2256:
2247:
2230:
2217:
2204:
2191:
2178:
2165:
2152:
2123:
2110:
2097:
2080:
2067:
2050:
2037:
2024:
2011:
1994:
1981:
1968:
1955:
1942:
1929:
1912:
1899:
1886:
1873:
1864:
1851:
1838:
1835:, 61; St Clair, 284–86, 290–96.
1825:
1812:
1799:
1756:
1747:
1734:
1725:
1712:
1702:
1685:
1672:
1659:
1646:
1633:
1620:
1607:
1594:
1581:
1572:
1563:
1550:
1533:
1516:
1503:
1490:
1477:
1460:
1451:
1434:
592:] to love and esteem me" .
289:Original Stories from Real Life
16:Daughter of Mary Wollstonecraft
3323:Drug-related suicides in Wales
3143:Sir Percy Shelley, 3rd Baronet
3076:The Fortunes of Perkin Warbeck
2935:Sir Percy Shelley, 3rd Baronet
2821:Maria: or, The Wrongs of Woman
1530:, 30; Locke, 130; Seymour, 18.
1421:
1404:
1387:
1374:
1361:
1348:
1326:
1313:
1292:
1233:Sir Percy Shelley, 3rd Baronet
807:
249:and a reading primer entitled
215:, but a stranger rescued her.
183:Britain and France went to war
147:and the American entrepreneur
1:
2633:. London: John Murray, 2000.
2043:Seymour, 115; see also Todd,
877:
841:Family tree of William Godwin
3104:Rambles in Germany and Italy
3020:History of a Six Weeks' Tour
2021:, 138; see also Seymour, 99.
330:, Fanny Imlay's stepfather (
310:
7:
2929:Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley
2188:, 203; see also Locke, 271.
2090:, 152–53; see also Holmes,
640:
334:, oil on canvas, 1802, the
189:Infancy and early childhood
10:
3361:
2301:Pollin, 262; Seymour, 168.
1049:William Godwin the Younger
539:Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin
280:Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin
3232:
3176:
3129:
3118:
3009:
2950:
2915:
2871:
2847:
2836:
2764:
1861:, 76–79; Seymour, 168–69.
1354:Tomalin, 218–19; Holmes,
1264:Tomalin, Claire (1992) .
1187:
1185:
1183:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1167:
1165:
1157:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1117:
1115:
1107:
1105:
1063:
1034:
1025:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
988:
986:
978:
976:
968:
966:
942:
936:
922:
920:
907:
905:
903:
894:
885:
871:
869:
867:
501:It was not Burr, but the
336:National Portrait Gallery
2578:New York: Viking, 1985.
2441:, 347–48; Locke, 272–74.
2433:St Clair, 411–12; Todd,
2244:, 215–24; Locke, 271–72.
1939:, 169–70; Locke, 248–49.
1682:, 48–49; Seymour, 41–42.
1448:, 22–24; Seymour, 15–16.
1310:. Retrieved 1 June 2007.
1286:
1268:. Penguin. p. 115.
874:Mary Jane Vial Clairmont
635:
365:Anna Laetitia Barbauld's
119:
63:of the British feminist
1466:Tomalin, 225–31; Todd,
1410:Tomalin, 220–21; Todd,
1380:Tomalin, 218–19; Todd,
477:Percy, Mary, and Claire
114:
2424:Qtd. in St Clair, 411.
2240:, 215; see also Todd,
1978:, 125–28; Seymour, 89.
1539:Tomalin, 271ff; Todd,
1500:, 259–60; Seymour, 26.
797:
773:
749:
655:
611:
550:
498:
456:
418:
339:
268:
243:
227:
136:
57:Frances Wollstonecraft
40:
3265:Thomas Jefferson Hogg
3260:John William Polidori
2510:Death and the Maidens
2497:Death and the Maidens
2468:Death and the Maidens
2452:Death and the Maidens
2435:Death and the Maidens
2386:Death and the Maidens
2373:Death and the Maidens
2253:Qtd. in Seymour, 171.
2242:Death and the Maidens
2238:Death and the Maidens
2225:Death and the Maidens
2212:Death and the Maidens
2199:Death and the Maidens
2186:Death and the Maidens
2173:Death and the Maidens
2160:Death and the Maidens
2147:Death and the Maidens
2131:Death and the Maidens
2118:Death and the Maidens
2105:Death and the Maidens
2088:Death and the Maidens
2075:Death and the Maidens
2058:Death and the Maidens
2045:Death and the Maidens
2032:Death and the Maidens
2019:Death and the Maidens
2002:Death and the Maidens
1989:Death and the Maidens
1976:Death and the Maidens
1963:Death and the Maidens
1950:Death and the Maidens
1920:Death and the Maidens
1894:Death and the Maidens
1881:Death and the Maidens
1859:Death and the Maidens
1846:Death and the Maidens
1833:Death and the Maidens
1820:Death and the Maidens
1807:Death and the Maidens
1776:Death and the Maidens
1742:Death and the Maidens
1720:Death and the Maidens
1699:, 170; St Clair, 241.
1693:Death and the Maidens
1680:Death and the Maidens
1667:Death and the Maidens
1654:Death and the Maidens
1652:St Clair, 305; Todd,
1641:Death and the Maidens
1628:Death and the Maidens
1615:Death and the Maidens
1602:Death and the Maidens
1589:Death and the Maidens
1558:Death and the Maidens
1545:Death and the Maidens
1528:Death and the Maidens
1472:Death and the Maidens
1446:Death and the Maidens
1416:Death and the Maidens
1399:Death and the Maidens
1334:Death and the Maidens
1332:St Clair, 182; Todd,
1321:Death and the Maidens
1299:Shelley, Percy Bysshe
1266:Shelley and His World
788:
768:
745:
741:Suicide and aftermath
645:
598:
537:
484:
451:
400:
326:
263:
238:
221:
127:
61:illegitimate daughter
43:—Percy Bysshe Shelley
24:
3328:People from Le Havre
3241:Mounseer Nongtongpaw
3201:Rowing with the Wind
3137:Percy Bysshe Shelley
2941:Percy Bysshe Shelley
2623:18:3 (1965): 258–68.
2591:Shelley: the Pursuit
2523:Shelley: The Pursuit
2439:Shelley: The Pursuit
2342:Shelley: The Pursuit
2292:Qtd. in Pollin, 261.
2120:, 176; Seymour, 143.
2092:Shelley: The Pursuit
2062:Shelley: The Pursuit
2006:Shelley: The Pursuit
1937:Shelley: The Pursuit
1924:Shelley: The Pursuit
1907:Shelley: The Pursuit
1697:Shelley: The Pursuit
1496:Tomalin, 249; Todd,
1067:Percy Bysshe Shelley
660:Percy Bysshe Shelley
543:Percy Bysshe Shelley
507:Percy Bysshe Shelley
491:Percy Bysshe Shelley
369:Lessons for Children
253:. In one section of
91:Percy Bysshe Shelley
3149:Mary Wollstonecraft
3083:The Mortal Immortal
2758:Mary Wollstonecraft
2644:St Clair, William.
1870:Qtd. in Locke, 219.
1541:Mary Wollstonecraft
1524:Mary Wollstonecraft
1511:Mary Wollstonecraft
1498:Mary Wollstonecraft
1485:Mary Wollstonecraft
1468:Mary Wollstonecraft
1442:Mary Wollstonecraft
1429:Mary Wollstonecraft
1412:Mary Wollstonecraft
1395:Mary Wollstonecraft
1382:Mary Wollstonecraft
1369:Mary Wollstonecraft
898:Mary Wollstonecraft
862:Sir John Lethbridge
433:and Godwin devotee
407:Somers Town, London
344:Mary Jane Clairmont
145:Mary Wollstonecraft
129:Mary Wollstonecraft
77:Mary Jane Clairmont
65:Mary Wollstonecraft
3250:in popular culture
2310:St Clair, 398–408.
2175:, 190; Locke, 271.
2060:, 147–50; Holmes,
2004:, 129–36; Holmes,
612:
551:
499:
419:
384:Charles Kegan Paul
360:Fabulous Histories
340:
228:
137:
3283:
3282:
2969:
2968:
2829:Analytical Review
2672:978-1-58243-339-4
2589:Holmes, Richard.
2574:Holmes, Richard.
2406:Qtd. in Todd, xi.
2227:, 207–08, 213–14.
1965:, 111–12, 118–19.
1922:, 91–92; Holmes,
1753:St Clair, 280–81.
1695:, 56–58; Holmes,
1343:Neuilly-sur-Seine
1308:"On Fanny Godwin"
1284:
1283:
1251:
1250:
658:—Fanny Godwin to
576:utopian socialist
512:Political Justice
380:Lady Mountcashell
276:Josiah Wedgwood's
153:French Revolution
83:grew up to write
3350:
3275:Frankenstein Day
3167:Claire Clairmont
3124:
3123:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2973:
2972:
2962:(2020 sculpture)
2842:
2751:
2744:
2737:
2728:
2727:
2710:Verhoeven, Wil.
2627:Seymour, Miranda
2621:Études Anglaises
2557:Gittings, Robert
2544:
2541:
2535:
2532:
2526:
2519:
2513:
2506:
2500:
2493:
2487:
2477:
2471:
2464:
2455:
2448:
2442:
2431:
2425:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2407:
2404:
2398:
2395:
2389:
2382:
2376:
2369:
2363:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2345:
2338:
2332:
2329:
2323:
2320:
2311:
2308:
2302:
2299:
2293:
2290:
2284:
2281:
2275:
2272:
2263:
2260:
2254:
2251:
2245:
2234:
2228:
2221:
2215:
2208:
2202:
2195:
2189:
2182:
2176:
2169:
2163:
2156:
2150:
2143:
2134:
2127:
2121:
2114:
2108:
2101:
2095:
2084:
2078:
2071:
2065:
2054:
2048:
2041:
2035:
2028:
2022:
2015:
2009:
1998:
1992:
1985:
1979:
1972:
1966:
1959:
1953:
1946:
1940:
1933:
1927:
1916:
1910:
1903:
1897:
1890:
1884:
1877:
1871:
1868:
1862:
1855:
1849:
1842:
1836:
1829:
1823:
1816:
1810:
1803:
1797:
1790:Paul, C. Kegan.
1788:
1779:
1772:
1763:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1745:
1738:
1732:
1729:
1723:
1716:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1689:
1683:
1676:
1670:
1663:
1657:
1650:
1644:
1637:
1631:
1624:
1618:
1611:
1605:
1598:
1592:
1585:
1579:
1576:
1570:
1567:
1561:
1554:
1548:
1537:
1531:
1526:, 439–42; Todd,
1520:
1514:
1507:
1501:
1494:
1488:
1481:
1475:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1449:
1438:
1432:
1425:
1419:
1408:
1402:
1391:
1385:
1378:
1372:
1365:
1359:
1352:
1346:
1330:
1324:
1317:
1311:
1306:
1296:
1279:
1038:Claire Clairmont
916:
882:
879:
848:
847:
835:
828:
821:
812:
811:
757:
667:
600:Claire Clairmont
524:Claire Clairmont
505:poet and writer
423:Juvenile Library
257:, she describes
109:Claire Clairmont
44:
35:Misery—O Misery,
3360:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3279:
3228:
3172:
3125:
3121:
3116:
3005:
3000:
2970:
2965:
2946:
2911:
2867:
2843:
2834:
2781:Mary: A Fiction
2760:
2755:
2725:
2693:Tomalin, Claire
2559:and Jo Manton.
2552:
2547:
2542:
2538:
2533:
2529:
2520:
2516:
2507:
2503:
2494:
2490:
2478:
2474:
2465:
2458:
2449:
2445:
2432:
2428:
2423:
2419:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2401:
2396:
2392:
2383:
2379:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2352:
2348:
2339:
2335:
2331:Pollin, 263–64.
2330:
2326:
2321:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2287:
2283:Pollin, 259–61.
2282:
2278:
2273:
2266:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2248:
2235:
2231:
2222:
2218:
2209:
2205:
2196:
2192:
2183:
2179:
2170:
2166:
2157:
2153:
2144:
2137:
2128:
2124:
2115:
2111:
2102:
2098:
2085:
2081:
2072:
2068:
2055:
2051:
2042:
2038:
2029:
2025:
2016:
2012:
1999:
1995:
1986:
1982:
1973:
1969:
1960:
1956:
1947:
1943:
1934:
1930:
1917:
1913:
1904:
1900:
1891:
1887:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1865:
1856:
1852:
1848:, 61–62, 66–68.
1843:
1839:
1830:
1826:
1817:
1813:
1804:
1800:
1789:
1782:
1773:
1766:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1726:
1717:
1713:
1707:
1703:
1690:
1686:
1677:
1673:
1664:
1660:
1651:
1647:
1638:
1634:
1625:
1621:
1612:
1608:
1599:
1595:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1555:
1551:
1543:, 448ff; Todd,
1538:
1534:
1521:
1517:
1508:
1504:
1495:
1491:
1482:
1478:
1470:, 311ff; Todd,
1465:
1461:
1456:
1452:
1439:
1435:
1426:
1422:
1409:
1405:
1392:
1388:
1379:
1375:
1366:
1362:
1353:
1349:
1331:
1327:
1318:
1314:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1276:
1242:
1235:
1226:
1219:
1210:
1201:
1078:
1069:
1060:
1051:
1040:
1031:
1022:
914:
913:
900:
891:
880:
875:
864:
842:
839:
810:
759:
756:on Fanny Godwin
751:
743:
669:
657:
643:
638:
549:, c. 1857)
547:Reginald Easton
479:
447:
356:Sarah Trimmer's
332:James Northcote
313:
191:
122:
117:
46:
42:
39:
36:
34:
32:
30:
28:
23:
22:On Fanny Godwin
17:
12:
11:
5:
3358:
3357:
3346:
3345:
3343:1810s suicides
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3244:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3213:
3209:Haunted Summer
3205:
3197:
3189:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3164:
3158:
3155:William Godwin
3152:
3146:
3140:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3126:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3015:
3013:
3007:
3006:
2999:
2998:
2991:
2984:
2976:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2938:
2932:
2926:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2903:
2900:Joseph Johnson
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2879:William Godwin
2875:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2857:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2844:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2825:
2817:
2809:
2801:
2793:
2785:
2777:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2754:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2731:
2724:
2723:
2708:
2690:
2675:
2657:
2642:
2624:
2617:
2602:
2587:
2572:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2536:
2527:
2514:
2501:
2495:Qtd. in Todd,
2488:
2472:
2456:
2443:
2426:
2417:
2408:
2399:
2390:
2377:
2364:
2355:
2346:
2333:
2324:
2312:
2303:
2294:
2285:
2276:
2264:
2255:
2246:
2229:
2216:
2203:
2197:Qtd. in Todd,
2190:
2184:Qtd. in Todd,
2177:
2164:
2151:
2135:
2122:
2109:
2096:
2079:
2066:
2049:
2036:
2023:
2017:Qtd. in Todd,
2010:
1993:
1980:
1967:
1954:
1941:
1928:
1911:
1898:
1885:
1872:
1863:
1850:
1837:
1824:
1811:
1798:
1793:William Godwin
1780:
1764:
1755:
1746:
1733:
1731:St Clair, 242.
1724:
1711:
1701:
1684:
1671:
1658:
1645:
1632:
1619:
1606:
1593:
1580:
1571:
1562:
1549:
1532:
1515:
1509:Qtd. in Todd,
1502:
1489:
1483:Qtd. in Todd,
1476:
1459:
1450:
1433:
1420:
1403:
1393:Qtd. in Todd,
1386:
1373:
1360:
1347:
1338:poste de péage
1325:
1312:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1274:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1239:
1237:
1230:
1228:
1223:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1205:
1203:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1073:
1071:
1064:
1062:
1055:
1053:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1035:
1033:
1026:
1024:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
944:
943:
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
918:
917:
908:
906:
904:
902:
895:
893:
889:William Godwin
886:
884:
872:
870:
868:
866:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
844:
843:
840:
838:
837:
830:
823:
815:
809:
806:
754:William Godwin
744:
742:
739:
701:
700:
697:
694:
691:
684:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
478:
475:
446:
443:
431:Joseph Johnson
328:William Godwin
312:
309:
301:Joseph Johnson
272:William Godwin
190:
187:
121:
118:
116:
113:
102:the Revolution
73:William Godwin
25:
21:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3356:
3355:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3338:Godwin family
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3286:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3270:Villa Diodati
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3185:Bloody Poetry
3182:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3168:
3165:
3163:(half-sister)
3162:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3084:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3004:
2997:
2992:
2990:
2985:
2983:
2978:
2977:
2974:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2907:
2906:Richard Price
2904:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2895:Gilbert Imlay
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2841:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2752:
2747:
2745:
2740:
2738:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2721:
2720:1-85196-859-8
2717:
2713:
2709:
2706:
2705:0-14-016761-7
2702:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2687:0-231-12184-9
2684:
2680:
2677:Todd, Janet.
2676:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2654:0-393-02783-X
2651:
2647:
2643:
2640:
2639:0-7195-5711-9
2636:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2618:
2615:
2614:0-7100-0387-0
2611:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2599:0-00-720458-2
2596:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2584:0-670-32353-5
2581:
2577:
2573:
2570:
2569:0-19-818351-8
2566:
2562:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2543:Seymour, 170.
2540:
2531:
2524:
2518:
2511:
2505:
2498:
2492:
2485:
2484:Ezra Magazine
2481:
2476:
2469:
2463:
2461:
2453:
2447:
2440:
2436:
2430:
2421:
2412:
2403:
2394:
2387:
2381:
2374:
2368:
2362:Seymour, 169.
2359:
2350:
2343:
2337:
2328:
2319:
2317:
2307:
2298:
2289:
2280:
2271:
2269:
2259:
2250:
2243:
2239:
2233:
2226:
2220:
2213:
2207:
2200:
2194:
2187:
2181:
2174:
2168:
2161:
2155:
2148:
2142:
2140:
2132:
2126:
2119:
2113:
2106:
2100:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2076:
2070:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2046:
2040:
2033:
2027:
2020:
2014:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1990:
1984:
1977:
1971:
1964:
1958:
1951:
1945:
1938:
1932:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1908:
1902:
1895:
1889:
1882:
1876:
1867:
1860:
1854:
1847:
1841:
1834:
1828:
1821:
1815:
1808:
1802:
1795:
1794:
1787:
1785:
1777:
1771:
1769:
1759:
1750:
1743:
1737:
1728:
1721:
1715:
1705:
1698:
1694:
1688:
1681:
1675:
1668:
1662:
1655:
1649:
1642:
1636:
1629:
1623:
1616:
1610:
1603:
1597:
1590:
1584:
1575:
1569:Tomalin, 286.
1566:
1559:
1553:
1546:
1542:
1536:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1512:
1506:
1499:
1493:
1486:
1480:
1473:
1469:
1463:
1454:
1447:
1443:
1437:
1430:
1424:
1417:
1414:, 258; Todd,
1413:
1407:
1400:
1396:
1390:
1383:
1377:
1370:
1364:
1357:
1351:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1329:
1322:
1316:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1280:
1277:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1248:
1234:
1225:Clara Everina
1209:
1208:Allegra Byron
1200:
1192:
1189:
1181:
1179:
1171:
1169:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1147:
1145:
1131:
1129:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1077:
1068:
1059:
1050:
1039:
1030:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1009:
1004:
1000:
998:
945:
940:
938:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
919:
912:
911:Gilbert Imlay
899:
890:
863:
849:
846:
845:
836:
831:
829:
824:
822:
817:
816:
814:
813:
805:
801:
796:
792:
787:
785:
780:
778:
772:
767:
765:
758:
755:
748:
738:
736:
732:
727:
722:
718:
714:
710:
708:
707:
698:
695:
692:
689:
688:Percy Shelley
685:
682:
681:
680:
678:
675:at an inn in
674:
668:
665:
661:
654:
652:
651:
633:
631:
626:
624:
623:
618:
609:
608:Amelia Curran
605:
601:
597:
593:
591:
590:
585:
584:such a mother
580:
577:
572:
570:
566:
561:
559:
558:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
529:
525:
520:
518:
514:
513:
508:
504:
496:
495:Amelia Curran
492:
488:
483:
474:
472:
468:
467:
461:
455:
450:
445:Teenage years
442:
438:
436:
435:Francis Place
432:
428:
424:
416:
412:
408:
404:
401:The Polygon (
399:
395:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
376:
371:
370:
366:
362:
361:
357:
352:
349:
345:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
319:
308:
306:
302:
297:
295:
291:
290:
285:
281:
277:
273:
267:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
242:
237:
235:
234:
225:
220:
216:
214:
210:
209:a time of war
205:
199:
196:
186:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:Gilbert Imlay
146:
142:
134:
130:
126:
112:
110:
105:
103:
98:
96:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
74:
70:
69:Gilbert Imlay
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
49:Frances Imlay
45:
38:
19:
3285:
3248:Frankenstein
3247:
3239:
3217:Mary Shelley
3216:
3208:
3200:
3192:
3183:
3169:(stepsister)
3160:
3109:
3102:
3095:
3088:
3074:
3069:The Last Man
3067:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3003:Mary Shelley
2957:
2943:(son-in-law)
2922:
2890:Henry Fuseli
2859:
2827:
2819:
2811:
2803:
2795:
2787:
2779:
2771:
2711:
2696:
2678:
2663:
2645:
2631:Mary Shelley
2630:
2620:
2605:
2604:Locke, Don.
2590:
2575:
2560:
2550:Bibliography
2539:
2530:
2522:
2517:
2509:
2504:
2496:
2491:
2483:
2475:
2467:
2451:
2446:
2438:
2434:
2429:
2420:
2415:Pollin, 260.
2411:
2402:
2393:
2385:
2380:
2372:
2367:
2358:
2353:Pollin, 268.
2349:
2341:
2336:
2327:
2306:
2297:
2288:
2279:
2274:Pollin, 258.
2258:
2249:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2224:
2219:
2211:
2206:
2198:
2193:
2185:
2180:
2172:
2167:
2159:
2154:
2146:
2130:
2125:
2117:
2112:
2104:
2099:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2074:
2069:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2044:
2039:
2031:
2026:
2018:
2013:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1988:
1983:
1975:
1970:
1962:
1957:
1949:
1944:
1936:
1931:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1906:
1901:
1893:
1888:
1880:
1875:
1866:
1858:
1853:
1845:
1840:
1832:
1827:
1819:
1814:
1806:
1801:
1792:
1775:
1762:Seymour, 53.
1758:
1749:
1744:, 45–46, 63.
1741:
1736:
1727:
1719:
1714:
1704:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1679:
1674:
1666:
1661:
1653:
1648:
1640:
1635:
1627:
1622:
1614:
1609:
1601:
1596:
1588:
1583:
1574:
1565:
1557:
1552:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1510:
1505:
1497:
1492:
1484:
1479:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1453:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1428:
1423:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1381:
1376:
1368:
1363:
1355:
1350:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1320:
1315:
1294:
1265:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1199:Ada Lovelace
1075:
1058:Mary Shelley
915:(1754?–1828)
802:
798:
793:
789:
781:
777:The Cambrian
776:
774:
769:
760:
750:
746:
723:
719:
715:
711:
704:
702:
670:
664:Mary Shelley
656:
648:
646:
627:
622:Frankenstein
620:
613:
587:
583:
573:
562:
555:
552:
521:
510:
500:
464:
460:Aaron Burr's
457:
452:
448:
439:
422:
420:
402:
375:The Enquirer
373:
367:
358:
353:
341:
314:
298:
287:
269:
264:
254:
250:
246:
244:
239:
231:
229:
223:
213:River Thames
200:
194:
192:
156:
138:
128:
106:
99:
93:, a leading
89:and married
86:Frankenstein
84:
56:
53:Fanny Godwin
52:
48:
47:
41:
26:
18:
3303:1816 deaths
3298:1794 births
3219:(2017 film)
3211:(1988 film)
3203:(1988 film)
3195:(1986 film)
3188:(1984 play)
3161:Fanny Imlay
2923:Fanny Imlay
2902:(publisher)
2660:Todd, Janet
2322:Locke, 274.
1243:(1815–1815)
1236:(1819–1888)
1227:(1817–1818)
1220:(1816–1819)
1211:(1817–1822)
1202:(1815–1852)
1079:(1794–1816)
1076:Fanny Imlay
1070:(1792–1822)
1061:(1797–1851)
1052:(1803–1832)
1041:(1798–1879)
1032:(1789–1824)
1023:(1792–1860)
901:(1759–1797)
892:(1756–1836)
881: 1766
865:(1746–1815)
808:Family tree
617:Switzerland
579:Robert Owen
569:Bishopsgate
471:Lancastrian
427:Clerkenwell
411:Camden Town
363:(1786) and
204:Scandinavia
179:Fanny Blood
3292:Categories
3255:Lord Byron
3177:Portrayals
3041:Proserpine
2951:Depictions
2937:(grandson)
2931:(daughter)
2925:(daughter)
2885:Jane Arden
2872:Her circle
1275:0140171525
1029:Lord Byron
1020:Lady Byron
604:Lord Byron
565:Lord Byron
415:St Pancras
409:, between
294:Janet Todd
59:, was the
3139:(husband)
2881:(husband)
2525:, 347–48.
2470:, 236–37.
2388:, 225–26.
2214:, 206–07.
2162:, 185–86.
1991:, 120–21.
1560:, 22, 47.
1487:, 326–27.
1431:, 286–87.
1356:Footsteps
311:Childhood
135:(c. 1797)
133:John Opie
3157:(father)
3151:(mother)
3055:Valperga
3034:Mathilda
2908:(mentor)
2855:Timeline
2521:Holmes,
2340:Holmes,
1935:Holmes,
1905:Holmes,
1896:, 74–75.
1809:, 63–64.
1722:, 56–57.
1669:, 46–47.
1604:, 31–32.
1591:, 54–55.
1474:, 22–23.
673:laudanum
641:Theories
503:Romantic
497:, 1819).
487:Romantic
485:Radical
394:church.
392:Anglican
284:smallpox
195:manfully
171:Le Havre
141:feminist
95:Romantic
3233:Related
3097:Falkner
3062:Maurice
2848:General
1883:, 77ff.
1630:, 52ff.
1261:Source:
1218:William
784:inquest
782:At the
764:Bristol
677:Swansea
610:, 1819)
517:radical
403:at left
388:atheism
259:weaning
255:Lessons
251:Lessons
224:Lessons
175:Floreal
167:Neuilly
143:writer
3193:Gothic
3130:Family
3090:Lodore
2916:Family
2864:(1798)
2824:(1798)
2816:(1796)
2808:(1792)
2800:(1790)
2792:(1788)
2784:(1788)
2776:(1787)
2718:
2703:
2685:
2670:
2652:
2637:
2612:
2597:
2582:
2567:
2508:Todd,
2466:Todd,
2450:Todd,
2384:Todd,
2371:Todd,
2344:, 347.
2236:Todd,
2223:Todd,
2210:Todd,
2171:Todd,
2158:Todd,
2149:, 182.
2145:Todd,
2133:, 181.
2129:Todd,
2116:Todd,
2103:Todd,
2086:Todd,
2073:Todd,
2064:, 265.
2056:Todd,
2030:Todd,
2000:Todd,
1987:Todd,
1974:Todd,
1961:Todd,
1948:Todd,
1918:Todd,
1909:, 312.
1892:Todd,
1879:Todd,
1857:Todd,
1844:Todd,
1831:Todd,
1818:Todd,
1805:Todd,
1774:Todd,
1740:Todd,
1718:Todd,
1691:Todd,
1678:Todd,
1665:Todd,
1639:Todd,
1626:Todd,
1613:Todd,
1587:Todd,
1556:Todd,
1522:Todd,
1513:, 260.
1440:Todd,
1427:Todd,
1384:, 267.
1371:, 258.
1367:Todd,
1358:, 118.
1319:Todd,
1272:
1257:Notes:
883:–1841)
735:Geneva
666:, 1816
348:Claire
318:Dublin
3145:(son)
3048:Midas
3011:Works
2765:Works
1822:, 64.
1778:, 63.
1709:(246)
1656:, 67.
1643:, 36.
1547:, 30.
1418:, 22.
1401:, 22.
1323:, 39.
1287:Notes
1241:Clara
731:stays
636:Death
528:Wales
489:poet
405:) in
163:Paris
120:Birth
2716:ISBN
2701:ISBN
2683:ISBN
2668:ISBN
2650:ISBN
2635:ISBN
2610:ISBN
2595:ISBN
2580:ISBN
2565:ISBN
1270:ISBN
726:Bath
662:and
630:Bath
413:and
165:and
115:Life
81:Mary
55:and
650:sic
589:sic
131:by
3294::
2695:.
2662:.
2629:.
2482:.
2459:^
2315:^
2267:^
2138:^
1783:^
1767:^
1301:.
878:c.
437:.
261::
3085:"
3081:"
3064:"
3060:"
2995:e
2988:t
2981:v
2750:e
2743:t
2736:v
2722:.
2707:.
2689:.
2656:.
2641:.
2616:.
2601:.
2586:.
2571:.
2486:.
1278:.
876:(
834:e
827:t
820:v
752:—
690:.
606:(
545:(
338:)
305:£
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