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in ancient China. Fang refused, retorting "Then where is King Cheng?" Zhu replied, "He was killed by his own fire." Fang continued to press the issue, asking Zhu, "Why not enthrone King Cheng's son?" Zhu answered, "The country requires a mature ruler." Fang again asked, "What about the
Emperor's
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Fang was granted his wish with perhaps the only officially designated case of an "extermination of ten degrees of kinship" in the history of China. In addition to his own execution, his blood relations and their spouses were killed along with all of his students and peers as the 10th group.
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brother?" Zhu answered: "That is my family matter. The address must be written by you." Fang then wrote on the paper Zhu provided the words "燕賊篡位" ("The Bandit of Yan is a usurper"). Threatened with the
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446:, Volume 141《明史》（卷141）：“方孝孺，字希直，一字希古，宁海人。父克勤，洪武中循吏，自有传。孝孺幼警敏，双眸炯炯，读书日盈寸，乡人目为“小韩子。”长从宋濂学，濂门下知名士皆出其下。先辈胡翰、苏伯衡亦自谓弗如。孝孺顾末视文艺，恒以明王道、致太平为己任。”
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255:). The legend goes that prior to his death, he dipped his finger in his own blood and wrote on the ground the Chinese character "篡" (
479:, Volume 140.《明史》（卷140）：“孝孺投笔于地，且哭且骂曰：“死即死耳，诏不可草。”成祖怒，命磔诸市。孝孺慨然就死，作绝命词曰：“天降乱离兮孰知其由，奸臣得计兮谋国用犹。忠臣发愤兮血泪交流，以此殉君兮抑又何求？鸣呼哀哉兮庶不我尤！”时年四十有六。”
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school as well as for his own talent and lucid composition. He demanded Fang write an
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that would compare his usurpation of the throne with the regency of the
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in 1402, he summoned Fang Xiaoru, who was famed for his connection to
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Disputed (according to one account, Fang was executed by
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Altogether, 873 people are said to have been executed.
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Portrait of Fang Xiaoru by Ren
Yourong (任有容) of the
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104:extermination of the ten degrees of kinship
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169:and later for his loyalty to the former
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461:The Human Tradition in Premodern China
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259:), meaning "usurper".
515:Ming dynasty scholars
379:"骨鲠之士"方孝孺遭灭十族 正气还是迂腐?
193:'s closest advisors.
177:(Jingnan rebellion).
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500:1402 deaths
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457:Fang Xiaoru
185:During the
131:Fāng Xìaorú
113:Fang Xiaoru
40:Fang Xiaoru
25:family name
489:Categories
366:References
267:People in
241:Execution
206:Song Lian
160:Confucian
425:方孝孺故裏溪上方
405:Archived
382:Archived
273:Tie Xuan
152:Zhejiang
142:(希直) or
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19:In this
287:Gallery
283:(王爷神).
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117:Chinese
84:Nanjing
62:Ninghai
269:Fujian
263:Legacy
210:Jinhua
198:Zhu Di
196:After
167:Zhu Xi
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127::
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23:, the
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140:Xizhi
257:cuàn
181:Life
144:Xigu
77:Died
58:1357
55:Born
30:Fang
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