Family farm - Knowledge

1283:

corporations, 2 percent were non-family corporations and <1 percent were other categories. Because some but not all partnerships involve family members, these data suggest that family farms account for between about 73 and 97 percent of Canadian farms. The family farm percentage is likely to be near the high end of this range, for two reasons. The partners in a farm partnership are typically spouses, often forming the farm partnership for tax reasons. Also, as in the US, family farm succession planning can use a partnership as a means of apportioning family farm tenure among family members when a sole proprietor is ready to transfer some or all of ownership and operation of a farm to offspring. Conversion of a sole proprietorship family farm to a family corporation may also be influenced by legal and financial, e.g. tax, considerations. The Canadian Encyclopedia estimates that more than 90 percent of Canadian farms are family operations. In 2006, of Canadian farms with more than one million dollars in annual gross farm receipts, about 63 percent were family corporations and 13 percent were non-family corporations.

1126:

in turn required larger, more distant markets, and heavier and more complex financing. The public willingly purchased increasingly commoditized, processed, shipped and relatively inexpensive food. The availability of an increasingly diverse supply of fresh, uncured, unpreserved produce and meat in all seasons of the year (oranges in January, freshly killed steers in July, fresh pork rather than salted, smoked, or potassium-impregnated ham) opened an entirely new cuisine and an unprecedented healthy diet to millions of consumers who had never enjoyed such produce before. These abilities also brought to market an unprecedented variety of processed foods, such as corn syrup and bleached flour. For the family farm this new technology and increasingly complex marketing strategy has presented new and unprecedented challenges, and not all family farmers have been able to effectively cope with the changing market conditions.

1232:

wealth from other sources. Viable farms on a scale sufficient to support modern families at an income level commensurate with urban and suburban upper-middle-class families are often large scale operations, both in area and capital requirements. These farms, family owned and operated in a technologically and economically conventional manner, produce crops and animal products oriented to national and international markets, rather than to local markets. In assessing this complex economic situation, it is important to consider all sources of income available to these farms; for instance, the millions of dollars in farm subsidies which the United States government offers each year. As fuel prices rise, foods shipped to national and international markets are already rising in price.

1363: 557: 20: 48: 1305: 1130: 572: 1395: 1241:

world, of a simpler social order in which economic and domestic activities were inextricably bound together. In the past few years, however, American agriculture has suffered huge losses, and family farmers have seen their way of life threatened by economic forces beyond their control." However, by 1981 Ingolf Vogeler argued it was too late—the American family farm had been replaced by large agribusiness corporations pretending to be family operated.

1148: 1111:: A wide range of quotas, marketing boards and legislation governing agriculture impose complicated limits, and often require significant resources to navigate. For example, on the small farming end, in many jurisdictions, there are severe limits or prohibitions on the sale of livestock, dairy and eggs. These have arisen from pressures from all sides: food safety, environmental, industry marketing. 40: 1252:

off-farm income. Small family farms in which the principal operator was mostly employed off-farm accounted for 42 percent of all farms and 15 percent of total US farm area; median net farm income was $ 788. Retirement family farms were small farms accounting for 16 percent of all farms and 7 percent of total US farm area; median net farm income was $ 5,002.

709:. That law still retains many archaic terms and principles pertinent to a feudal social order. Under the tenant system, a farm may be worked by the same family over many generations, but what is inherited is not the farm's estate itself but the lease on the estate. In much of Europe, serfdom was abolished only in the modern period, in Western Europe after the 477:, for liability, tax, and business purposes. Thus, the idea of a family farm as a unitary concept or definition does not easily translate across languages, cultures, or centuries, as there are substantial differences in agricultural traditions and histories between countries and between centuries within a country. For example, 1089:: A farmer growing larger quantities of a crop than can be sold directly to consumers has to meet a range of criteria for sale into the wholesale market, which include harvest timing and graded quality, and may also include variety, therefore, the market channel really determines most aspects of the farm decisionmaking. 1274:

more than 10 shareholders; average net farm income of family corporate farms was $ 189,400 in 2012. (In contrast, 90 percent of US non-family corporations owning farms are small, having no more than 10 shareholders; average net cash farm income for US non-family corporate farms was $ 270,670 in 2012.)

1125:

Over the 20th century, the people of developed nations have collectively taken most of the steps down the path to this situation. Individual farmers opted for successive waves of new technology, happily "trading in their horses for a tractor", increasing their debt and their production capacity. This

1044:

According to the United States Department of Agriculture, ninety-eight percent of all farms in the U.S. are family farms. Two percent of farms are not family farms, and those two percent make up fourteen percent of total agricultural output in the United States, although half of them have total sales

1004:

The social roles of family farms are much changed today. Until recently, staying in line with traditional and conservative sociology, the heads of the household were usually the oldest man followed closely by his oldest sons. The wife generally took care of the housework, child rearing, and financial

808:

has a history of overlap or conflict between the feudal system of manoralism, where the estate is owned by noblemen and leased to the tenants or worked by serfs, and the Germanic system of free farmers working landed estates heritable within their clan or family. Historical prevalence of the Germanic

1244:

A USDA survey conducted in 2011 estimated that family farms account for 85 percent of US farm production and 85 percent of US gross farm income. Mid-size and larger family farms account for 60 percent of US farm production and dominate US production of cotton, cash grain and hogs. Small family farms

543:

Being special-purpose definitions, the definitions found in laws or regulations may differ substantially from commonly understood meanings of "family farm". For example, In the United States, under federal Farm Ownership loan regulations, the definition of a "family farm" does not specify the nature

1240:

In 2012, the United States had 2,039,093 family farms (as defined by USDA), accounting for 97 percent of all farms and 89 percent of census farm area in the United States. In 1988 Mark Friedberger warned, "The farm family is a unique institution, perhaps the last remnant, in an increasingly complex

533:

defines a family farm as "any farm where the majority of the business is owned by the operator and individuals related to the operator, including relatives who do not live in the operator’s household"; it defines a farm as "any place from which $ 1,000 or more of agricultural products were produced

1382:

The goal of the 2014 IYFF is to reposition family farming at the centre of agricultural, environmental and social policies in the national agendas by identifying gaps and opportunities to promote a shift towards a more equal and balanced development. The 2014 IYFF will promote broad discussion and

1282:

In Canada, the number of "family farms" cannot be inferred closely, because of the nature of census data, which do not distinguish family and non-family farm partnerships. In 2011, of Canada's 205,730 farms, 55 percent were sole proprietorships, 25 percent were partnerships, 17 percent were family

1295:

As of 2010, there were approximately 139,900 family farms in Ireland, with an average size of 35.7 hectares per holding. (Nearly all farms in Ireland are family farms.) In Ireland, average family farm income was 25,483 euros in 2012. Analysis by Teagasc (Ireland's Agriculture and Food Development

1273:

Family farms include not only sole proprietorships and family partnerships, but also family corporations. Family-owned corporations account for 5 percent of all farms and 89 percent of corporate farms in the United States. About 98 percent of US family corporations owning farms are small, with no

1231:

Such "organic" and "free-range" farming is attainable where a significant number of affluent urban and suburban consumers willingly pay a premium for the ideals of "locally produced produce" and "humane treatment of animals". Sometimes, these farms are hobby or part-time ventures, or supported by

1353:

In southern Africa, "On peasant family farms ..., cash input costs are very low, non‐household labour is sourced largely from communal work groups through kinship ties, and support services needed to sustain production are minimal." On commercial family farms, "cash input costs are high, little

1251:

Small family farms are defined as those with annual gross cash farm income (GCFI) of less than $ 350,000; in 2011, these accounted for 90 percent of all US farms. Because low net farm incomes tend to predominate on such farms, most farm families on small family farms are extremely dependent on

525:

in 2014 reviewed English, Spanish and French definitions of the concept of "family farm". Definitions referred to one or more of labor, management, size, provision of family livelihood, residence, family ties and generational aspects, community and social networks, subsistence orientation,

501:) is limited to small farms worked primarily by members of a single family; but again, this fact does not imply that corporate farming is a small presence in Brazilian agriculture; rather, it simply reflects the fact that large farms with many workers cannot be legally classified under the 1101:: In some countries, notably the US and EU, government subsidies to farmers, intended to mitigate the impact on domestic farmers of economic and political activities in other areas of the economy, can be a significant source of farm income. Bailouts, when crises such as drought or the " 508:

Farms that would not be considered family farms would be those operated as collectives, non-family corporations, or in other institutionalised forms. At least 500 million of the world's 570 million farms are managed by families, making family farms predominant in global agriculture.

1378:

of the United Nations was invited to facilitate its implementation, in collaboration with Governments, International Development Agencies, farmers' organizations and other relevant organizations of the United Nations system as well as relevant non-governmental organizations.

1228:(as opposed to bleached white breads and petroleum based detergent bars). Others buy these products direct from family farms. The "new family farm" provides an alternative market in some localities with an array of traditionally and naturally produced products. 1025:, along with traditional plants and animals, all make up aspects of today's family farm. Farm wives often need to find work away from the farm to supplement farm income and children sometimes have no interest in farming as their chosen field of work. 1045:

of less than $ 50,000 per year. Overall, ninety-one percent of farms in the United States are considered "small family farms" (with sales of less than $ 250,000 per year), and those farms produce twenty-seven percent of U.S. agricultural output.

526:

patrimony, land ownership and family investment. The disparity of definitions reflects national and geographical differences in cultures, rural land tenure, and rural economies, as well as the different purposes for which definitions are coined.

2261:, 7 July 2014. "In 2000, when Mugabe began to target whites who farmed the land, there were about 4,000 whites owning tobacco, maize, sugar, wheat, and other profitable agricultural holdings. Now there are fewer than 150 white farmers." 1296:

Authority) estimates that 37 percent of Irish farms are economically viable and an additional 30 percent are sustainable due to income from off-farm sources; 33 percent meet neither criterion and are considered economically vulnerable.

1095:: Larger farms today often rely on lines of credit, typically from banks, to purchase the agrichemicals, and other supplies needed for each growing year. These lines are heavily affected by almost all of the other constraining factors. 1067:: Directly (for farm machinery) and somewhat less directly (long-distance transport; production cost of agrichemicals), the cost of oil significantly impacts the year-to-year viability of all mechanized conventional farms. 544:

of farm ownership, and management of the farm is either by the borrower, or by members operating the farm when a loan is made to a corporation, co-operative or other entity. The complete definition can be found in the US

1532: 1291:

Analysis of data for 59,000 farms in the 12 member states of the European Community found that in 1989, about three-quarters of the farms were family farms, producing just over half of total agricultural output.

630:

of the latifundia remained among the few political-cultural centres of a fragmented Europe. These latifundia had been of great importance economically, until the long-distance shipping of wine and oil, grain and

2025: 1121:

have caused the price of centrally located farmland to skyrocket, while reducing the local infrastructure necessary to support farming, putting effectively intense pressure on many farmers to sell out.

1525: 1383:

cooperation at the national, regional and global levels to increase awareness and understanding of the challenges faced by smallholders and help identify efficient ways to support family farmers.

2270:

Low, A., P. Akwenye and K. Kamwi. 1999. 2008. Small-family farm types: examples from Northern Namibia and implications for agrarian reform in South Africa. Development Southern Africa 16: 335–44.

485:

report shows that family farms operate 90 percent of the nation's farmland, and account for 85 percent of the country's agricultural production value. However, that does not at all imply that

1083:: a less publicly known factor, patented GE seed that is widely used for many crops, like cotton and soy, comes with restrictions on use, which can even include who the crop can be sold to. 1105:" problems hit agricultural sectors, are also relied on. To some large degree, this situation is a result of the large-scale global markets farms have no alternative but to participate in. 1055:: Larger farms are able to bargain more competitively, purchase more competitively, profit from economic highs, and weather lows more readily through monetary inertia than smaller farms. 849:; in modern German this word designates the area enclosed by the farm buildings, not the fields around them, and it is also used in other everyday situations for courtyards of any type ( 1316:

In Brazil, there are about 4.37 million family farms. These account for 84.4 percent of farms, 24.3 percent of farmland area and 37.5 percent of the value of agricultural production.

981:, where rural lifestyles are often regarded as desirable. In these countries, strange bedfellows can often be found arguing for similar measures despite otherwise vast differences in 1731:, tr. L.A. Masnyon, 1965, vol. II, p. 442) emphasised the distinction between economic manorialism which preceded feudalism and survived it, and political and social feudalism, or 1061:: fertilizer and other agrichemicals can fluctuate dramatically from season to season, partially based on oil prices, a range of 25% to 200% is common over a period of a few years. 829: 398: 1001:

together and spoke for measures to preserve the so-called family farm. On other economic matters they were seen as generally opposed, but found common ground on this one.

1603: 1529: 1261:

Moderate-sales small family farms (with GCFI of $ 150,000 to $ 349,999); 5.44 percent of all US farms, 13 percent of total US farm area, median net farm income $ 67,986.

1668:

Garner, E. and A. P. de la O Campos. 2014. Identifying the "family farm" – An informal discussion of the concepts and definitions. ESA Working Paper 14-10. FAO, Rome.

1371: 1948:

United States Department of Agriculture. 2014. 2012 Census of agriculture. United States summary and state data. Volume 1. Geographic area series. Part 51 AC-12-A-51.

1036:

available to larger and more modern farms. Advocates argue that family farms in all nations need to be protected, as the basis of rural society and social stability.

2242: 1992:

Hoppe, R.A. 2014. Structure and finances of U.S. farms: family farm report, 2014 edition. United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service EIB-132.

1912: 2032: 1220:

practices and have turned to organic groceries that sell products produced on family farms including not only meat and produce but also such things as wheat germ

2415: 1854:

Spenkuch, Hartwin (1999). "Herrenhaus und Rittergut: Die Erste Kammer des Landtags und der preußische Adel von 1854 bis 1918 aus sozialgeschichtlicher Sicht".

537:

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations defines a "family farm" as one that relies primarily on family members for labour and management.

1258:

Low-sales small family farms (with GCFI less than $ 150,000); 26 percent of all US farms, 18 percent of total US farm area, median net farm income $ 3,579.

930:, but the emigration of European farmers displaced by the Industrial Revolution contributed to the emergence of a system of family estates in the Americas ( 1474: 681:

landlord. It could be self-sufficient, yield produce for the market, or it could yield a money rent." The last feudal dues in France were abolished at the

377: 2254: 2299:

Boomershine Jr, J. Michael. "The Battle over America's Farmlands: Corporate Farming Practices and Legislative Attempts at Preserving the Family Farm."

1264:

Mid-size family farms (GCFI of $ 350,000 to $ 999,999); 6 percent of all US farms, 22 percent of total US farm area; median net farm income $ 154,538.

1342:, in the 19th to 20th century. After decolonisation, white farmers in some African countries have tended to be attacked, killed or evicted, notably 1270:

Very large family farms (GCFI over $ 5,000,000); <1 percent of all US farms, 2 percent of total US farm area; median net farm income $ 1,910,454.

1267:

Large family farms (GCFI $ 1,000,000 to $ 4,999,999); 2 percent of all US farms, 14 percent of total US farm area; median net farm income $ 476,234.

1255:

The other small family farm categories are those in which farming occupies at least 50 percent of the principal operator's working time. These are:

1245:

account for 26 percent of US farm production overall, and higher percentages of production of poultry, beef cattle, some other livestock and hay.

1032:

and new technologies in each generation, the idealized classic family farm is now simply obsolete, or more often, unable to compete without the

1936:

according to uploader: a 2007 photograph of a "family-owned wheat planting rig" (Case STX Steiger tractor with Case IH seed drill combination).

2213: 1550: 2304: 1656:

Lowder, S. K., J. Skoet and S. Singh. 2014. What do we really know about the number and distribution of farms and family farms worldwide?

857:

was formed in the early modern period to designate family farming estates and today is the most common word for 'farm', while the archaic

2056: 910:, resulting in the emergence of a smaller number of large farms, with the displaced population partly contributing to the new class of 1680:

United States Department of Agriculture. 2015. 2012 Census of Agriculture. Farm typology. Vol. 2. Subject series. Part 10. AC-12-S-10.

2381: 677:

as it outlasted feudalism: "primarily an economic organization, it could maintain a warrior, but it could equally well maintain a

2134:

Hill, B. (1993). "The myth of the family farm: defining the family farm and assessing its importance in the European Community".

1923: 1690: 1629: 1469: 482: 405: 1607: 1552:

The Role of Community Libraries in Providing Quality Information to Family Farmers: A Case of Huege Community Library in Uganda

1429: 927: 540:

In some usages, "family farm" implies that the farm remains within the ownership of a family over a number of generations.

2544:

Family Farming Knowledge Platform (FFKP) – FAO digital archive with information on family farming from all over the world

1434: 530: 2354: 597:, specialised in agriculture destined for export, producing grain, olive oil, or wine, corresponding largely to modern 2250: 770:" is very dear to every man, if he can enjoy there in his house whatever is right and proper in constant prosperity." 619:

that fell to the dispensation of the state through Rome's policy of war in the 1st century BC and the 1st century AD.

2496: 2437: 1375: 1195: 518: 461:

in many countries. Family farm businesses can take many forms, from smallholder farms to larger farms operated under

278: 1177: 883:

is the German legal term for the inheritance laws regarding family farms, deriving from inheritance under medieval

478: 298: 2563: 2444: 2089: 1577: 2011: 1005:

matters pertaining to the farm. However, agricultural activities have taken on many forms and change over time.

2523: 2478: 2455: 1714:

Bjørhaug, H. and A. Blekesaune. 2008. Gender and work in Norwegian family farms. Sociologia ruralis 48: 152–65.

1173: 994: 2230: 2370: 2162: 1362: 35:, with an 18th-century arrangement of a main building, a granary and two buildings used as stables and barns. 2325: 2187: 1169: 2351:

Preserving the family farm: women, community and the foundations of agribusiness in the Midwest, 1900-1940

1884: 894:

In the early modern and modern period, the dissolution of manoralism went parallel to the development of

545: 214: 2539:

Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation's (SDC) newsletter with Focus on Smallholder Family Farming

2514: 1600:

Farms are those that employ mostly family members, with a maximum of five additional temporary workers.

906:

enabled the cultivation of much larger areas than what was typical for the traditional estates aimed at

556: 489:

is a small presence in U.S. agriculture; rather, it simply reflects the fact that many corporations are

1419: 1343: 598: 268: 56: 961:

the family farm is viewed sentimentally, as a lifestyle to be preserved for tradition's sake, or as a

1424: 801: 470: 1028:

Bolder promoters argue that as agriculture has become more efficient with the application of modern

2344: 1880: 1158: 669:. Manorialism died slowly and piecemeal, along with its most vivid feature in the landscape, the 19: 2210: 661:(sometimes called a fief), and from the obligatory contributions of a legally subject part of the 653:

in medieval Europe. Manorialism was characterised by the vesting of legal and economic power in a

2509: 2472: 1556: 1162: 1077:

crops, hogs, grain, etc., can determine ahead of a season what seems economically viable to grow.

764:

byþ oferleof æghwylcum men, gif he mot ðær rihtes and gerysena on brucan on bolde bleadum oftast.

91: 47: 641:: it can be argued that the latifundia formed part of the economic basis of the European social 2558: 2420: 2402: 1745:

Sarris, Peter (2004). "The Origins of the Manorial Economy: New Insights from Late Antiquity".

1309: 1217: 998: 842: 609:

and increasingly replaced the former system of family-owned small or intermediate farms in the

490: 391: 288: 103: 2070: 1409: 931: 899: 754: 494: 481:, a family farm can be of any size, as long as the ownership is held within a family. A 2014 465:

practices. In various countries, most farm families have structured their farm businesses as

293: 108: 1048:

Depending on the type and size of independently owned operation, some limiting factors are:

940:'s argument that a large number of family estates are a factor in ensuring the stability of 2449: 814: 623: 560: 320: 1374:, 2014 was formally declared to be the "International Year of Family Farming" (IYFF). The 637:

disintegrated, but extensive lands controlled in a single pair of hands still constituted

8: 2538: 2378: 1449: 1439: 1414: 1339: 1331: 966: 907: 517:

An "informal discussion of the concepts and definitions" in a working paper published by

135: 1521: 1304: 982: 2120: 1863: 1836: 1828: 1797: 1789: 1517: 1400: 1033: 348: 241: 182: 2489:

Sunset Limited: The Southern Pacific Railroad and the Development of the American West

1811:; Thomas, R. (1971). "The rise and fall of the manorial system: a theoretical model". 1772:

Jones, Andrew (1972). "The Rise and Fall of the Manorial System: A Critical Comment".

1633: 2492: 2433: 2147: 2050: 1840: 1801: 1694: 958: 923: 895: 714: 710: 682: 670: 654: 486: 462: 450: 98: 60: 2322:

Down and Out on the Family Farm: Rural Rehabilitation in the Great Plains, 1929-1945

2460: 2229:

European Parliamentary Research Service. 2014 International Year of Family Farming

2198:

2000 World Census of Agriculture. Main results and metadata by country. 1996–2005.

2143: 2116: 1820: 1781: 1754: 1464: 937: 805: 793: 725: 706: 702: 606: 474: 438: 365: 360: 355: 325: 236: 2199: 1657: 2527: 2483: 2385: 2217: 1536: 1335: 1102: 775: 650: 246: 229: 79: 1977: 962: 505:

label because that label is legally reserved for smallholdings in that country.

2429: 1808: 1328: 965:. It is in these nations very often a political rallying cry against change in 919: 666: 584: 522: 113: 2469: 1824: 1785: 1758: 1324:

In sub-Saharan Africa, 80% of the farms were family owned and worked by 2014.

1129: 43:

Barn of a Wisconsin family farm, inscribed with the foundational year (1911).

2552: 1899:

A Billion Dollars a Day: The Economics and Politics of Agricultural Subsidies

1479: 978: 903: 866: 642: 615: 594: 427: 370: 313: 256: 175: 130: 123: 2104: 733: 649:, the essential element of feudal society, and the organizing principle of 571: 2285:, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 21 November 2013 2231:

http://epthinktank.eu/2014/04/14/2014-international-year-of-family-farming/

1209: 1118: 1018: 1010: 986: 694: 610: 602: 454: 446: 283: 251: 204: 140: 118: 86: 2280: 1216:

foods. A percentage of consumers have begun to question the viability of

1014: 990: 911: 789: 750: 745: 741: 658: 646: 627: 576: 466: 431: 343: 261: 209: 187: 2543: 2334: 2188:

http://ec.europa.eu/ireland/key-eu-policy-areas/agriculture/index_en.htm

1867: 1691:"FAO - News Article: International Year of Family Farming 2014 launched" 1832: 1793: 1724: 1459: 1454: 1248:

Several kinds of US family farms are recognized in USDA farm typology:

1213: 1029: 1022: 698: 678: 589: 170: 70: 28: 1630:"FAO - News Article: Putting family farmers first to eradicate hunger" 1354:

non‐family labour is used and strong support services are necessary."

2409:

The myth of the family farm: Agribusiness dominance of US agriculture

1974:

The myth of the family farm: Agribusiness dominance of US agriculture

1074: 941: 915: 884: 780: 564: 458: 442: 32: 2330:

Junkin, Mark Andrew (Andy). "Farming with Family Ain't Always Easy."

1669: 1147: 2520: 2105:"Family farm dynamics in Canada and Israel: the case of farm exits" 1444: 1347: 1208:

In the last few decades there has been a resurgence of interest in

1006: 273: 2364: 2315: 2166: 1958: 1117:: The growth of urban centers around the world, and the resulting 534:

and sold, or normally would have been sold, during a given year."

2282:

Official Website of the International Year of Family Farming 2014

891:

was applied to such land-owning commoners from the 15th century.

834: 828: 822: 674: 662: 457:, that notion does not accurately describe the realities of farm 199: 2361:

Prairie Patrimony: Family, Farming, and Community in the Midwest

762: 613:

period. The basis of the latifundia in Spain and Sicily was the

422:

is generally understood to be a farm owned and/or operated by a

2211:

http://www.teagasc.ie/publications/2013/1935/NFSincomeestimates

970: 888: 875: 690: 423: 192: 160: 926:). The family farms established in Imperial Russia were again 861:

designated a manorial estate. Historically, the unmarked term

784:

in its exceptional survival in medieval Kent) refers to this

657:, supported economically from his own direct landholding in a 2533: 1221: 974: 633: 39: 728:

had a system based on heritable estates owned by individual

2510:

CBC Digital Archives – What's Happening to the Family Farm?

1225: 785: 729: 2530:

Family Farm Profiles and an educational virtual farm tour

869:. The estate as a whole is referred to by the collective 2255:

Zimbabwe: President Mugabe's new attack on white farmers

63:, owned by the Schofer family during c. 1670–1918. 1526:

Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance

1501:

Dehio-Handbuch. Die Kunstdenkmäler Österreichs. Kärnten

1372:

the 66th session of the United Nations General Assembly

1357: 873:(15th century); the corresponding Slavic concept being 2416:

How Industrialization is Restructuring Food Production

1338:. Permanent farming estates were established during 1137: 2534:

Agriculture Resource for the secondary school teacher

2312:

Farm Families and Change in Twentieth Century America

665:

population under the jurisdiction of himself and his

1723:"Feudal Society", in its modern sense was coined in 1475:

United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants

1390: 800:

could not be sold or otherwise disposed; it was not

378:

United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants

2397:Thompson, Nancy L. "Anti-Corporate Farming Laws." 853:= 'back yard', etc.). The recharacterized compound 2373:: Pioneers in California's Great Dairy Industry." 1988: 1986: 2186:Ireland and the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 1944: 1942: 1524:; now owned by the canton of Lucerne. Listed as 1366:Logo of International Year of Family Farming 2014 1299: 952: 2550: 1961:Farm Families and Change in 20th-Century America 1548: 1133:Intensive wheat farming in western North Dakota. 2426:Nature's Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West 2200:http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i1595e/i1595e.pdf 1983: 1658:http://www.fao.org/docrep/019/i3729e/i3729e.pdf 2001:Statistics Canada. 2011 Census of Agriculture. 1939: 1327:Sub-Saharan agriculture was mostly defined by 605:instead of mechanization, developed after the 2392:A Family Farm: Life on an Illinois Dairy Farm 2087: 1601: 944:was repeatedly used in support of subsidies. 399: 2243:Zimbabwe mobs widen attacks on white farmers 2102: 1708: 1514:250 Jahre Pachtverhältnis der Familie Stofer 732:. The Germanic term for "heritable estate, 497:, the official definition of a family farm ( 2470:https://web.archive.org/web/20120404224325/ 1807: 1176:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2090:"The financial picture of farms in Canada" 1727:'s 1939–40 books of the same name. Bloch ( 724:and the derived system of manoralism, the 445:distinction is that of a family farm as a 406: 392: 2253:news24, 29 October 2010. Robert Rotberg, 1196:Learn how and when to remove this message 749:), which incidentally was also used as a 1896: 1853: 1652: 1650: 1361: 1303: 1128: 827: 570: 555: 46: 38: 18: 2517:Family farm with educational farm tours 2333:Junkin, Andy. "Bulletproof Your Farm." 1470:United Nations Decade of Family Farming 1319: 753:; the gnomic verse on this term in the 2551: 2251:'New white farmer attacks' in Zimbabwe 2055:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 1744: 426:. It is sometimes considered to be an 1771: 1647: 1604:"Agricultura familiar – apresentação" 825:-centered settlements of manoralism. 2320:Grant, Michael Johnston et al. eds. 2223: 2133: 1578:"U.S. Farms, Large and Small | USDA" 1430:Dairy industry in the United Kingdom 1358:International Year of Family Farming 1174:adding citations to reliable sources 1141: 993:, both candidates for the office of 928:collectivized under the Soviet Union 1435:Dairy industry in the United States 1138:Local food and the organic movement 774:In the inheritance system known as 720:In contrast to the Roman system of 685:. In parts of eastern Germany, the 531:United States Census of Agriculture 13: 2363:(U of North Carolina Press, 2014) 2293: 2163:"Teagasc - Agriculture in Ireland" 2121:10.1111/j.1574-0862.1999.tb00584.x 2103:Kimhi, Ayal; Bollman, Ray (1999). 1549:Kaddu, Sarah; Haumba Eric (2015). 1522:State Archive of Lucerne PA 407/89 1109:government and industry regulation 947: 16:Farm owned or operated by a family 14: 2575: 2503: 2301:Drake Journal of Agricultural Law 2160:Teagasc. Agriculture in Ireland 1885:Grammatisch-kritisches Wörterbuch 1670:http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4306e.pdf 1376:Food and Agriculture Organization 809:system of independent estates or 519:Food and Agriculture Organization 2399:Encyclopedia of the Great Plains 1901:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 127s. 1393: 1235: 1146: 1099:government economic intervention 821:) structure, as opposed to the 2445:Iowa: Living in the Third World 2375:California Historical Quarterly 2369:Steele, Catherine Baumgarten. " 2273: 2264: 2235: 2204: 2192: 2180: 2154: 2127: 2096: 2081: 2063: 2018: 2004: 1995: 1966: 1951: 1930: 1905: 1897:Peterson, E. Wesley F. (2009). 1890: 1874: 1847: 1813:The Journal of Economic History 1774:The Journal of Economic History 1765: 1738: 1717: 1683: 1606:(in Portuguese). Archived from 2479:Why Americans Value Rural Life 2456:Rural America in a New Century 1674: 1662: 1622: 1594: 1570: 1542: 1506: 1493: 1300:Newly industrialized countries 995:President of the United States 953:Perceptions of the family farm 924:1861 emancipation of the serfs 865:was increasingly used for the 512: 1: 2259:The Christian Science Monitor 1747:The English Historical Review 1486: 1334:, historically spread by the 914:and partly emigrating to the 2148:10.1016/0743-0167(93)90048-O 1039: 887:. In England, the title of 628:self-sufficient villa-system 7: 2335:Sign up for "Stubborn" book 1856:Geschichte und Gesellschaft 1386: 845:, a farmyard is known as a 546:Code of Federal Regulations 471:limited liability companies 10: 2580: 2466:The Value of Rural America 2353:(Johns Hopkins UP, 1995). 2339:Lobley, Matt, et al. eds. 2012:"Family farm partnerships" 1420:Agroecological restoration 1308:A family farm in Urubici, 1081:technology user agreements 792:property, particularly in 599:industrialized agriculture 551: 23:Historical farming estate 1825:10.1017/S0022050700074623 1786:10.1017/S0022050700071217 1425:Back-to-the-land movement 1286: 1277: 1093:availability of financing 1073:: the predicted price of 912:industrial wage-labourers 2341:Keeping it in the Family 2136:Journal of Rural Studies 1881:Johann Christoph Adelung 1087:wholesale infrastructure 495:in Brazilian agriculture 2314:(UP of Kentucky, 1988) 1759:10.1093/ehr/119.481.279 1555:. AfLIA. Archived from 763: 622:In the collapse of the 2564:Agricultural economics 2377:20.3 (1941): 259–273. 2109:Agricultural Economics 1512:Hans Stofer-Schröter, 1367: 1313: 1218:industrial agriculture 1134: 843:German-speaking Europe 838: 580: 568: 64: 44: 36: 2468:– Rowley, Thomas D. ( 2075:Canadian Encyclopedia 1520:cooperative in 1918. 1410:Agricola (board game) 1365: 1307: 1132: 932:Homestead Act of 1862 900:Industrial Revolution 832:Mention of "hofe" in 831: 788:-based possession of 755:Anglo-Saxon rune poem 645:, taking the form of 574: 559: 437:Although a recurring 50: 42: 22: 2491:– Orsi, Richard J. ( 2303:21 (2016): 361–388. 1320:Developing countries 1170:improve this section 867:royal or noble court 815:dispersed settlement 705:relation evolved in 624:Western Roman Empire 561:Dispersed settlement 499:agricultura familiar 269:Types of communities 2521:Dairy Farming Today 2390:Switzer, Robert L. 2371:The Steele Brothers 2310:Friedberger, Mark. 2088:Statistics Canada. 1602:Banco do Nordeste. 1440:Family farm hog pen 1415:Agricultural policy 1332:subsistence farming 969:, most commonly in 967:agricultural policy 959:developed countries 908:subsistence farming 479:in U.S. agriculture 2526:2008-08-21 at the 2411:(CRC Press, 2019). 2384:2022-03-31 at the 2249:, 15 August 2001. 2241:Peta Thornycroft, 2216:2018-07-25 at the 1959:Mark Friedberger, 1535:2015-07-12 at the 1401:Agriculture portal 1368: 1314: 1135: 1115:real estate prices 1053:Economies of scale 1034:economies of scale 983:political ideology 839: 715:as late as in 1861 581: 575:Mountain farms in 569: 183:Indigenous peoples 65: 45: 37: 2515:Found Family Farm 2461:Drabenstott, Mark 2407:Vogeler, Ingolf. 1926:on July 28, 2014. 1913:"Custom 404 Page" 1610:on 2 October 2009 1206: 1205: 1198: 1071:commodity futures 896:intensive farming 730:families or clans 711:French Revolution 683:French Revolution 671:open field system 655:Lord of the Manor 601:but depending on 487:corporate farming 463:intensive farming 451:corporate farming 416: 415: 61:canton of Lucerne 2571: 2484:Danbom, David B. 2359:Salamon, Sonya. 2287: 2286: 2277: 2271: 2268: 2262: 2239: 2233: 2227: 2221: 2208: 2202: 2196: 2190: 2184: 2178: 2177: 2175: 2174: 2165:. Archived from 2158: 2152: 2151: 2131: 2125: 2124: 2100: 2094: 2093: 2085: 2079: 2078: 2067: 2061: 2060: 2054: 2046: 2044: 2043: 2037: 2031:. Archived from 2030: 2022: 2016: 2015: 2008: 2002: 1999: 1993: 1990: 1981: 1972:Ingolf Vogeler, 1970: 1964: 1955: 1949: 1946: 1937: 1934: 1928: 1927: 1922:. Archived from 1920:www.ers.usda.gov 1917: 1909: 1903: 1902: 1894: 1888: 1878: 1872: 1871: 1851: 1845: 1844: 1805: 1769: 1763: 1762: 1753:(481): 279–311. 1742: 1736: 1721: 1715: 1712: 1706: 1705: 1703: 1702: 1693:. Archived from 1687: 1681: 1678: 1672: 1666: 1660: 1654: 1645: 1644: 1642: 1641: 1632:. Archived from 1626: 1620: 1619: 1617: 1615: 1598: 1592: 1591: 1589: 1588: 1574: 1568: 1567: 1565: 1564: 1546: 1540: 1516:(1981); sold to 1510: 1504: 1497: 1465:Peasant movement 1450:Gentleman's farm 1403: 1398: 1397: 1396: 1312:State in Brazil. 1224:and natural lye 1201: 1194: 1190: 1187: 1181: 1150: 1142: 938:Thomas Jefferson 898:parallel to the 766: 726:Germanic peoples 707:medieval England 703:leasehold estate 673:. It outlasted 607:Second Punic War 408: 401: 394: 366:Peasant movement 356:Nomadic conflict 104:Delivery service 67: 66: 2579: 2578: 2574: 2573: 2572: 2570: 2569: 2568: 2549: 2548: 2528:Wayback Machine 2506: 2430:Cronan, William 2386:Wayback Machine 2296: 2294:Further reading 2291: 2290: 2279: 2278: 2274: 2269: 2265: 2240: 2236: 2228: 2224: 2218:Wayback Machine 2209: 2205: 2197: 2193: 2185: 2181: 2172: 2170: 2161: 2159: 2155: 2132: 2128: 2101: 2097: 2086: 2082: 2069: 2068: 2064: 2048: 2047: 2041: 2039: 2035: 2028: 2026:"Archived copy" 2024: 2023: 2019: 2010: 2009: 2005: 2000: 1996: 1991: 1984: 1971: 1967: 1956: 1952: 1947: 1940: 1935: 1931: 1915: 1911: 1910: 1906: 1895: 1891: 1879: 1875: 1852: 1848: 1780:(4): 938–944 . 1770: 1766: 1743: 1739: 1722: 1718: 1713: 1709: 1700: 1698: 1689: 1688: 1684: 1679: 1675: 1667: 1663: 1655: 1648: 1639: 1637: 1628: 1627: 1623: 1613: 1611: 1599: 1595: 1586: 1584: 1576: 1575: 1571: 1562: 1560: 1547: 1543: 1537:Wayback Machine 1511: 1507: 1499:Anton Schroll, 1498: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1399: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1360: 1344:in South Africa 1336:Bantu expansion 1322: 1302: 1289: 1280: 1238: 1202: 1191: 1185: 1182: 1167: 1151: 1140: 1103:mad cow disease 1042: 985:. For example, 955: 950: 948:Developed world 922:(following the 806:Germanic Europe 776:Salic patrimony 693:remained until 554: 515: 493:. In contrast, 453:as large-scale 430:passed down by 412: 383: 382: 339: 331: 330: 316: 306: 305: 232: 222: 221: 156: 148: 147: 109:Electrification 82: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2577: 2567: 2566: 2561: 2547: 2546: 2541: 2536: 2531: 2518: 2512: 2505: 2504:External links 2502: 2501: 2500: 2486: 2475: 2463: 2452: 2441: 2423: 2421:Hamilton, Neil 2412: 2405: 2395: 2388: 2367: 2357: 2347: 2337: 2331: 2328: 2318: 2308: 2295: 2292: 2289: 2288: 2272: 2263: 2234: 2222: 2203: 2191: 2179: 2153: 2126: 2095: 2080: 2062: 2017: 2003: 1994: 1982: 1965: 1950: 1938: 1929: 1904: 1889: 1873: 1862:(3): 375–403. 1846: 1819:(4): 777–803. 1764: 1737: 1733:seigneurialism 1729:Feudal Society 1716: 1707: 1682: 1673: 1661: 1646: 1621: 1593: 1569: 1541: 1505: 1491: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1482: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1406: 1405: 1404: 1388: 1385: 1359: 1356: 1329:slash-and-burn 1321: 1318: 1310:Santa Catarina 1301: 1298: 1288: 1285: 1279: 1276: 1237: 1234: 1204: 1203: 1186:September 2007 1154: 1152: 1145: 1139: 1136: 1123: 1122: 1112: 1106: 1096: 1090: 1084: 1078: 1068: 1062: 1059:Cost of inputs 1056: 1041: 1038: 954: 951: 949: 946: 920:Russian Empire 772: 771: 768: 667:manorial court 626:, the largely 595:landed estates 585:Roman Republic 553: 550: 548:7 CFR 1943.4. 523:United Nations 514: 511: 414: 413: 411: 410: 403: 396: 388: 385: 384: 381: 380: 375: 374: 373: 363: 358: 353: 352: 351: 340: 337: 336: 333: 332: 329: 328: 323: 317: 312: 311: 308: 307: 304: 303: 302: 301: 296: 291: 286: 276: 271: 266: 265: 264: 254: 249: 244: 239: 233: 228: 227: 224: 223: 220: 219: 218: 217: 215:in Agriculture 207: 202: 197: 196: 195: 185: 180: 179: 178: 173: 168: 166:Family farmers 157: 154: 153: 150: 149: 146: 145: 144: 143: 138: 128: 127: 126: 121: 116: 111: 106: 96: 95: 94: 83: 78: 77: 74: 73: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2576: 2565: 2562: 2560: 2559:Farms by type 2557: 2556: 2554: 2545: 2542: 2540: 2537: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2507: 2498: 2497:9780520200197 2494: 2490: 2487: 2485: 2481: 2480: 2476: 2473: 2471: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2458: 2457: 2453: 2451: 2447: 2446: 2442: 2439: 2438:9780393308730 2435: 2431: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2418: 2417: 2413: 2410: 2406: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2393: 2389: 2387: 2383: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2336: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2297: 2284: 2283: 2276: 2267: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2247:The Telegraph 2244: 2238: 2232: 2226: 2219: 2215: 2212: 2207: 2201: 2195: 2189: 2183: 2169:on 2015-04-28 2168: 2164: 2157: 2149: 2145: 2142:(4): 359–70. 2141: 2137: 2130: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2099: 2091: 2084: 2076: 2072: 2066: 2058: 2052: 2038:on 2014-10-02 2034: 2027: 2021: 2013: 2007: 1998: 1989: 1987: 1979: 1975: 1969: 1963: 1962: 1954: 1945: 1943: 1933: 1925: 1921: 1914: 1908: 1900: 1893: 1886: 1882: 1877: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1850: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806:a comment on 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1768: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1741: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1720: 1711: 1697:on 2015-12-31 1696: 1692: 1686: 1677: 1671: 1665: 1659: 1653: 1651: 1636:on 2019-04-10 1635: 1631: 1625: 1609: 1605: 1597: 1583: 1579: 1573: 1559:on 2020-06-02 1558: 1554: 1553: 1545: 1538: 1534: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1509: 1503:, 2001, 660f. 1502: 1496: 1492: 1481: 1480:Via Campesina 1478: 1476: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1407: 1402: 1391: 1384: 1380: 1377: 1373: 1364: 1355: 1351: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1330: 1325: 1317: 1311: 1306: 1297: 1293: 1284: 1275: 1271: 1268: 1265: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1253: 1249: 1246: 1242: 1236:United States 1233: 1229: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1200: 1197: 1189: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1165: 1164: 1160: 1155:This section 1153: 1149: 1144: 1143: 1131: 1127: 1120: 1116: 1113: 1110: 1107: 1104: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1091: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1076: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1050: 1049: 1046: 1037: 1035: 1031: 1026: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1002: 1000: 997:, held rural 996: 992: 988: 984: 980: 979:United States 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 945: 943: 939: 935: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 904:Mechanization 901: 897: 892: 890: 886: 882: 878: 877: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 837: 836: 830: 826: 824: 820: 819:Streusiedlung 816: 813:resulted in 812: 807: 804:. Much of 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 782: 777: 769: 767: 765: 760: 759: 758: 756: 752: 748: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 718: 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 651:rural economy 648: 644: 643:feudal system 640: 636: 635: 629: 625: 620: 618: 617: 616:ager publicus 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 591: 586: 578: 573: 566: 563:landscape in 562: 558: 549: 547: 541: 538: 535: 532: 527: 524: 520: 510: 506: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 435: 433: 429: 425: 421: 409: 404: 402: 397: 395: 390: 389: 387: 386: 379: 376: 372: 371:Via Campesina 369: 368: 367: 364: 362: 359: 357: 354: 350: 347: 346: 345: 342: 341: 335: 334: 327: 324: 322: 319: 318: 315: 310: 309: 300: 299:United States 297: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 281: 280: 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 263: 260: 259: 258: 255: 253: 250: 248: 245: 243: 240: 238: 235: 234: 231: 226: 225: 216: 213: 212: 211: 208: 206: 203: 201: 198: 194: 191: 190: 189: 186: 184: 181: 177: 174: 172: 169: 167: 164: 163: 162: 159: 158: 152: 151: 142: 139: 137: 134: 133: 132: 129: 125: 122: 120: 117: 115: 112: 110: 107: 105: 102: 101: 100: 97: 93: 90: 89: 88: 85: 84: 81: 76: 75: 72: 69: 68: 62: 59:in the Swiss 58: 57:Schwarzenberg 54: 49: 41: 34: 30: 26: 21: 2488: 2477: 2465: 2454: 2450:Wolf, Robert 2443: 2425: 2414: 2408: 2398: 2391: 2374: 2360: 2350: 2349:Neth, Mary. 2340: 2321: 2311: 2300: 2281: 2275: 2266: 2258: 2246: 2237: 2225: 2206: 2194: 2182: 2171:. Retrieved 2167:the original 2156: 2139: 2135: 2129: 2115:(1): 69–79. 2112: 2108: 2098: 2083: 2074: 2065: 2040:. Retrieved 2033:the original 2020: 2006: 1997: 1973: 1968: 1960: 1953: 1932: 1924:the original 1919: 1907: 1898: 1892: 1876: 1859: 1855: 1849: 1816: 1812: 1777: 1773: 1767: 1750: 1746: 1740: 1732: 1728: 1719: 1710: 1699:. Retrieved 1695:the original 1685: 1676: 1664: 1638:. Retrieved 1634:the original 1624: 1614:30 September 1612:. Retrieved 1608:the original 1596: 1585:. Retrieved 1582:www.usda.gov 1581: 1572: 1561:. Retrieved 1557:the original 1551: 1544: 1513: 1508: 1500: 1495: 1381: 1369: 1352: 1326: 1323: 1315: 1294: 1290: 1281: 1272: 1269: 1266: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1250: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1230: 1207: 1192: 1183: 1168:Please help 1156: 1124: 1119:urban sprawl 1114: 1108: 1098: 1092: 1086: 1080: 1070: 1064: 1058: 1052: 1047: 1043: 1027: 1019:silviculture 1011:horticulture 1003: 987:Pat Buchanan 956: 936: 893: 880: 874: 870: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 840: 833: 818: 810: 798:Terra salica 797: 779: 773: 761: 744: 737: 721: 719: 713:, in Russia 695:World War II 686: 638: 632: 621: 614: 611:Roman Empire 603:slave labour 588: 582: 542: 539: 536: 528: 516: 507: 502: 498: 491:closely held 467:corporations 455:agribusiness 447:smallholding 436: 419: 417: 321:Agricultural 262:Agricultural 205:Smallholders 188:Pastoralists 165: 52: 24: 1340:colonialism 1015:aquaculture 991:Ralph Nader 881:Höfeordnung 790:real estate 742:Old English 647:Manorialism 577:South Tyrol 513:Definitions 503:family farm 432:inheritance 420:family farm 344:Agrarianism 136:Reservation 99:Development 2553:Categories 2173:2015-04-16 2071:"Farm law" 2042:2015-04-16 1725:Marc Bloch 1701:2015-04-16 1640:2015-04-16 1587:2018-04-13 1563:2020-05-31 1487:References 1460:Local food 1455:Hobby farm 1214:free range 1065:oil prices 1030:management 1023:apiculture 977:, and the 963:birthright 722:latifundia 699:common law 689:manors of 679:capitalist 590:latifundia 443:archetypal 439:conceptual 361:Parliament 279:By Country 171:Farmworker 71:Rural area 55:estate in 29:Radenthein 1841:154616683 1809:North, D. 1802:154937254 1157:does not 1075:commodity 1040:Viability 942:democracy 916:New World 885:Saxon law 855:Bauernhof 851:Hinterhof 802:alienable 796:context. 781:gavelkind 751:rune name 687:Rittergut 565:Carinthia 529:The 2012 469:(such as 459:ownership 349:Socialism 247:Diversity 80:Economics 53:Scharmoos 33:Carinthia 2524:Archived 2382:Archived 2220:2012.pdf 2214:Archived 2051:cite web 1868:40185809 1533:Archived 1530:admin.ch 1445:Farm Aid 1387:See also 1348:Zimbabwe 1007:Agronomy 859:Meierhof 794:Germanic 734:allodium 593:, great 338:Politics 326:Regional 274:Rurality 237:Agrarian 114:Internet 2355:excerpt 2345:excerpt 2343:(2016) 2326:excerpt 2324:(2002) 1978:excerpt 1976:(1981) 1887:(1774). 1833:2117209 1794:2117261 1210:organic 1178:removed 1163:sources 999:rallies 918:or the 835:Beowulf 823:village 757:reads: 738:*ōþalan 701:of the 691:Junkers 675:serfdom 663:peasant 583:In the 552:History 521:of the 449:versus 314:History 257:Tourism 242:Country 230:Society 200:Peasant 131:Poverty 124:Housing 2495: 2436: 2403:online 2401:(2004) 2394:(2012) 2379:online 2365:online 2316:online 2305:online 1866: 1839: 1831: 1800: 1792: 1287:Europe 1278:Canada 1222:breads 1021:, and 971:France 889:yeoman 876:Khutor 871:Gehöft 778:(also 736:" was 697:. The 475:trusts 428:estate 424:family 284:Canada 252:Flight 193:Herder 176:Tenant 161:Farmer 155:People 141:Ghetto 119:Health 87:Crafts 25:Stoffl 2036:(PDF) 2029:(PDF) 1916:(PDF) 1864:JSTOR 1837:S2CID 1829:JSTOR 1798:S2CID 1790:JSTOR 1518:Emmen 1226:soaps 975:Japan 659:manor 639:power 634:garum 473:) or 289:China 210:Women 92:India 2493:ISBN 2434:ISBN 2057:link 1957:See 1616:2009 1346:and 1212:and 1161:any 1159:cite 989:and 811:Höfe 786:clan 746:ēþel 483:USDA 441:and 294:Laos 51:The 2144:doi 2117:doi 1821:doi 1782:doi 1755:doi 1751:119 1370:At 1172:by 957:In 934:). 863:Hof 847:Hof 841:In 27:in 2555:: 2482:– 2459:– 2448:– 2428:– 2419:– 2257:, 2245:, 2138:. 2113:21 2111:. 2107:. 2073:. 2053:}} 2049:{{ 1985:^ 1941:^ 1918:. 1883:, 1860:25 1858:. 1835:. 1827:. 1817:31 1815:. 1796:. 1788:. 1778:32 1776:. 1749:. 1649:^ 1580:. 1539:). 1350:. 1017:, 1013:, 1009:, 973:, 902:. 879:. 717:. 587:, 434:. 418:A 31:, 2499:) 2474:) 2440:) 2432:( 2307:. 2176:. 2150:. 2146:: 2140:9 2123:. 2119:: 2092:. 2077:. 2059:) 2045:. 2014:. 1980:. 1870:. 1843:. 1823:: 1804:; 1784:: 1761:. 1757:: 1735:. 1704:. 1643:. 1618:. 1590:. 1566:. 1528:( 1199:) 1193:( 1188:) 1184:( 1180:. 1166:. 817:( 740:( 579:. 567:. 407:e 400:t 393:v

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index