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In 1619 the Dutch replaced the tents and temporary tryworks on
Amsterdam Island with permanent structures of wood and brick, in what would become known as Smeerenburg, or "Blubbertown." At first only the men of Amsterdam and the Danes established themselves on the island, with the former claiming the
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wintered in a hut he built on almost the exact site of the former station. In 1896 Herr Andrée established himself here in an attempt to reach the North Pole by balloon, but was forced to return to Sweden. He returned to
Houcker Bay the following summer (1897), and accompanied by two others, left
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resorting to
Amsterdam Island and the English to the south. Here they both establish temporary whaling stations, the former most likely on the southeastern spit of Amsterdam Island, and the latter probably on the southeastern corner of Danes Island. In 1615, they again made their way to their
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had erected structures for the processing and warehousing of whale oil, and by 1633 all the chambers were represented. Up to 200 men worked ashore during the peak years in the mid-1630s. The settlement began to decline in the early 1640s, and was probably abandoned in the following decade.
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is known to have explored the area north of
Fairhaven in 1612, and may have explored Fairhaven itself as well. Again, the following season (1613), Marmaduke explored as far north as Fairhaven. The first known whaling here occurred in 1614, with the
239:(Kobbefjorden), they established a permanent station in 1631, which they occupied until 1658. Robbe Bay is first marked on Dutch maps from Middelhoven's (1634) to that of Giles and Rep (c. 1710). The latter mapmakers were the first to call it
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In 1636, another station, called the "Cookery of
Harlingen", was established by the Dutch in Houcker Bay (Virgohamna) on the north side of Danes Island. The remains of this station were seen by Frederich Martens in 1671. In 1888/1889
189:(1614) simply split the area into a "north harbor," where the Dutch established themselves, and a "south harbor," where the English were. The Dutch referred to the area northeast of Smeerenburg between the mainland and the island as
182:. Although Mauritius Bay appears not to have been marked until Doncker's local map (1655), it was written of frequently and early on in Dutch official documents. As previously mentioned, Smeerenburgfjorden is a modern blunder.
216:. It was probably first named Amsterdam Island in or after 1614, when the Dutch whalers first resorted to the island. The sound south of Amsterdam Island, between it and Danes Island, was variously named
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between Danes Island and the mainland (Albert I Land), in particular the strait between Moseøya and Danes Island. The modern name for this area is
Smeerenburgfjorden (a modern blunder, as
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modern charts wrongly mark
Fairhaven. As mentioned in the introduction, the true Fairhaven is the area to the south between Amsterdam Island and Danes Island and the mainland.
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ships sharing the southern area with the
English. The English continued to send ships to Fairhaven until 1624 or 1625, when the Dutch took over the area.
267:, which, as the name suggests, was used as a graveyard by the whalers. It is now known by its Norwegian equivalent, Likholmen (Corpse Island).
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Danes Island is first marked on
Doncker's map (1655). It is named after the Danish whalers who resorted there. On the island's west coast, in
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by modern writers, and is now designated as
Danskegattet. Martin Conway believes that the correct historical name is Middel gat.
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was the first to explore the area around Fairhaven in 1596. The first indisputable visit by the English was made by
205:. The southwestern entrance to Fairhaven, between Danes Island and the mainland south of it, was first designated
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Amsterdam Island was first landed on by Barents in 1596. He named the island and the group of islands around it
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263:(Virgohamna) after Andrée's steamer. Off the northeastern coast lays a small island, which the Dutch called
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Sørgattet, the southwestern entrance to Fairhaven. The land is Reuschhalvøya, a peninsula of Albert I Land.
366:
312:
Dansk-Norsk Hvalfangst 1615–1660: En Studie over Danmark-Norges Stilling i Europæisk Merkantil Expansion
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from Its Discovery in 1596 to the Beginning of the Scientific Exploration of the Country
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Fairhaven was named by Poole in 1610. The name is marked on the maps of Daniel (1612),
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respective anchorages in Fairhaven. In 1619 and 1620 there were also at least two
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by Doncker (1655), which is where the modern name, Sørgattet, comes from.
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255:, or English Outlook. The bay in the north coast was called by the Dutch
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170:(1634), Carolus (1634), Colom (1648), and others. The Dutch called it
142:. They were never heard of again. Parties from Andrée's ship, the
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Fairhaven was further divided north and south. The Englishman
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east and the latter the west. By 1623 several chambers of the
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and the mainland, while specifically it refers to the
197:, while they called the area where the English were
247:. The English called the islands southwest point
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146:, surveyed Fairhaven and the surrounding area.
228:by the Dutch. It incorrectly became known as
57:. Generally speaking, it is the area between
243:, while the Danish themselves called it
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80:is 20 km long and 4 km wide.
14:
359:
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138:Houcker Bay on July 11 in the balloon
305:. Cambridge, At the University Press.
166:(1614), Goos (1620), Guerard (1628),
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24:
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178:, while Carolus (1614) marked it
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38:on the northwest coast, between
297:Conway, William Martin (1906).
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1:
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321:. Norwegian Polar Institute.
299:No Man's Land: A History of
251:, while the Dutch called it
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319:The Place Names of Svalbard
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383:
90:
73:was only a settlement).
27:Area of Svalbard, Norway
259:, but has been renamed
310:DalgĂĄrd, Sune (1962).
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343:79.70000°N 11.10000°E
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314:. G.E.C Gads Forlag.
339: /
126:Noordsche Compagnie
18:Fairhaven, Svalbard
367:Fjords of Svalbard
348:79.70000; 11.10000
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34:Fairhaven is the
16:(Redirected from
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271:Modern Fairhaven
265:Deadman’s Island
253:Engelsche Uytkyk
108:Thomas Marmaduke
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59:Amsterdam Island
40:Amsterdam Island
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214:Gebroocken Land
187:Robert Fotherby
180:Hollandsche Bay
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96:Willem Barentsz
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249:Gurnerd’s Nose
245:Copenhagen Bay
203:English harbor
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53:is an area of
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285:Ytre Norskøya
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63:Danes Island
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44:Danes Island
346: /
301:Spitsbergen
277:Fuglesongen
257:Houcker Bay
199:English Bay
150:Cartography
135:Arnold Pike
100:Jonas Poole
71:Smeerenburg
334:11°06′00″E
331:79°42′00″N
291:References
281:Klovningen
226:Middel gat
275:South of
261:Virgo Bay
241:Danes Bay
237:Robbe Bay
230:Danes gat
218:South bay
207:South gat
195:North Bay
191:North gat
172:Dutch Bay
106:in 1610.
51:Fairhaven
361:Category
222:West bay
168:Vrolicq
164:Carolus
102:in the
91:History
283:, and
118:Danish
55:Norway
224:, or
144:Virgo
140:Eagle
113:Dutch
104:Amity
78:fjord
67:sound
36:sound
76:The
61:and
42:and
201:or
193:or
174:or
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279:,
220:,
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20:)
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