47:
481:, but simply a cut in the stone in the form of what appears to be a winged creature. It appears to have been intended to receive a relief made from some other material and then set into the stone. The main chamber is 11 by 3.5 metres (36 by 11 ft) with a ceiling height of 2.5 metres (8 ft 2 in). The side chamber has the same height but is 2 by 5 metres (6 ft 7 in by 16 ft 5 in). In the main chamber is an inscription dated to 1115, indicating that an altar was consecrated here. The third room is the so-called
729:
63:
1444:(cited after the 2013 reprint). "Die Detmolder Landesbibliothek enthält eine aus etwa 40 Nummern bestehende Literatur über die Externsteine bei Horn im Teutoburger Walde, von denen 11 als eingehendere Monographien (bis zu einem Umfang von 200 Seiten) angesehen werden können. Diese stammen sämtlich aus dem vorigen Jahrhunderrt, die letzte von Kisa 1895. Uns, die wir eine wesentlich erweiterte Anschauung über die altgermanische Kultur haben, mutet die ganze Behandlungsweise des Gegenstandes als veraltet an, abgesehen von Kisa."
993:
797:
387:
637:
400:. They are a natural outcropping of sandstone in a region that is otherwise largely devoid of rocks. The formation stretches for several hundred metres. It starts inside the forest with some rocks that are mostly covered by soil. It terminates in a series of 13 highly visible and mostly free-standing pillars. For scientific purposes, these have been numbered I-XIII from northwest to southeast with the most imposing being stones I-V. The largest is rock I (subdivided into Ia and Ib), also known as the
454:
788:. This was a fortress of two squat round towers flanking a central gatehouse, built against the eastern side of the Externsteine. The excavated foundations show relatively thin walls, indicating that these walls were never intended as fortifications but were just ornamental. A stairwell next to rock I gave access to a viewing platform on top. Likely associated with this era is the bearded figure on the platform and the coat of arms inserted into rock IV.
813:
549:
70:
1517:
seien im
Naturschutzgebiet aufgebaut worden. Die Behörden haben das nicht genehmigt, aber toleriert. Zelte, Alkohol und Lagerfeuer werden verboten. 'Wir haben nichts gegen Esoteriker, Druiden und Wünschelrutengänger. Sie können hier tanzen und musizieren.' Das 'schillernde Publikum' gehöre zu der Kultstätte. 'Aber ganze Horden mit Alkoholvorräten in Bollerwagen werden wir nicht zulassen.'"
683:, bishop of Paderborn from 1084 to 1127. This implies a contradiction, since either the abbot or the bishop would be in charge of any local place of worship. Historians have suggested, though, that this may be an indication that the abbey did not in fact claim the Externsteine for itself thus leaving them to fall into the bishop's purview.
648:, which owned the farm, had been passing through and was housed there. It is possible that mass was celebrated at the Externsteine at that point. A potential earlier mention occurs in a document dated 1093, but this is only extant in two copies from 1374 and 1380. It records the purchase of a farm at Holzhausen including an
521:(high chamber). It can be reached by a stair in rock III and a wooden construction linking rocks II and III. The platform seems to have been reduced from its original size by rockfalls. The chamber shows signs of wooden pegs that likely once supported wooden walls and/or a wooden ceiling. At the east of the
485:
is reached from the main chamber and via a small passage from the outside. This room is quite narrow compared to the other two and, with its domed ceiling, has a more cavelike appearance. Next to the external entrance, in an alcove, is another relief, much eroded. It shows a standing figure, holding
930:
was particularly interested in the
Externsteine, which he suggested was the location of a central Saxon shrine, the location of Irminsul and an ancient sun observatory. Since the mid-1920s he had popularized them by calling them the "Germanic Stonehenge". Teudt popularized the identification of the
1516:
10. April 2010."Stephan Radeck von der
Denkmalsstiftung des Landesverbands Lippe Seit rund 25 Jahren habe es an diesen Terminen friedliche Feiern mit einigen Dutzend Teilnehmern an den Externsteinen gegeben, sagte Radeck. In den vergangenen Jahren seien es aber bis zu 3500 gewesen. Hunderte Zelte
690:
has been the subject of debate among art historians, formerly widely accepted as of
Carolingian origin (9th century), scholarly consensus has placed it in the 12th century since the 1950s. From a stylistic point of view, historians today place the relief in the period 1160 to 1170. Even assuming a
619:
Archaeological excavations at the site in the 1930s produced evidence for use from the late 10th to the 15th centuries. In addition, a drystone wall east of rock II (not extant today) could be linked to buildings here mentioned in medieval documents. Some additional records still exist today in
865:. The contributions by Wilhelm Engelbert Giefers (1817–1880) were reprinted as a short monograph in 1867. Local amateur historian Gotthilf August Benjamin Schierenberg (1808–1894) seems to have been the first to identify the "pagan idol" mentioned by Hamelmann with the Saxon
1033:) reacted by prohibiting camping, alcohol consumption and open fires on the site in 2010 and closed the parking at the site. A spokesman emphasized that the decision was not directed against "esotericists, druids and dowsers", but against large-scale parties of binge-drinkers.
709:
There remains a contradiction between the use of the
Externsteine as a simple roadhouse for travellers and as an hermitage on the one hand and the presence of the monumental relief and the Arcosolium on the other. These may indeed have been a reconstruction of the
842:
These improvements and better access via the road made the
Externsteine an increasingly popular tourist destination, continuing a trend of the 18th century. Half-timbered 17th century buildings were replaced by new buildings, including several hotels.
935:
destroyed by
Charlemagne. Teudt could refer to a total number of more than 40 publications on the Externsteine, including eleven substantial monographs, most of which he considered outdated. In 1932, the area was excavated (for the third time) by
667:
from a female Saxon noble called Ida. This is deemed plausible by historians since in the 16th century the abbey still had a farmstead at
Holzhausen. However, the inscription in the main chamber of the grotto mentions a consecration in 1115 by
774:"Horn is famous for the "rock of the magpies", an ancient monument mentioned by older writers. I have read that Charlemagne from this rock of the magpies, then a pagan idol, made a consecrated altar decorated with images of the apostles."
591:
However, no archaeological evidence has been found that would substantiate use of the site between the end of the Upper
Paleolithic and the Carolingian period (9th century). In the 1990s, artefacts found in the excavation conducted by
749:, which gained imperial immediacy by 1413, throughout the Early modern period. The hermitage apparently became a hideout for bandits and in the early 16th century was dissolved by the rulers. This was roughly at the time that the
1000:
Since the 1950s, the
Externsteine were developed into a popular tourist attraction. The section of the tramway line connecting to the Externsteine was closed in 1953. In 1958, visitor numbers were around 224,000 people annually.
984:
in 1934/35. Teudt thought that the Externsteine had served as an observatory until its destruction by Charlemagne. He initiated the demolishing of tourist infrastructure (tramway, hotels) and the creation of a "sacred grove" or
769:
Horne ... ex vicina rupe picarum, antiquo monumento, cuius veteres scriptores mentionem fecerunt, claret. Legi aliquando, quod ex rupe illa picarum, idolo gentilitio, fecerit Carolus magnus altare sacratum et ornatum effigiebus
632:
these tests have shown the last large fire to have burned in the 10th century. One (highly uncertain) result possibly even pointed to the 8th century (actual result: 735 with a margin of error of +/- 180 years).
1390:
1009:
Today, between a half to one million people annually visit the stones, making the Externsteine one of the most frequently visited nature reserves in Westphalia. The site also remains of interest to various
533:
and arched windows. The northwestern end is marked by the carving of a bearded man (likely dating from the Renaissance or Baroque). Remains indicate the past presence of further stairways on the rock.
1029:. The trend had been visible since the 1980s, but the growing number of visitors came to be seen as a problem in the late 2000s, with more than 3,500 on the site. The municipalities of the Lippe (
517:
The top of rock Ia has been turned into a platform and is reached by a stone stairway that begins between rocks I and II. A rectangular chamber has been cut into the peak of rock II, known as the
431:
era about 100 million years ago, near the edge of a large shallow sea that covered large parts of Northern Europe at the time. About 70 million years ago, these originally horizontal layers were
714:. The remains visible today indicate the possibility that the Externsteine were intended as a destination for pilgrims unable to travel to Jerusalem. To that end many medieval churches created
686:
Some authors have argued that the ecclesial carvings and alterations to the stones may suggest use of the site as a Christian sanctuary from the early 9th century. In particular, the
1401:
603:
in 1934/35 were analyzed. Attribution of objects found was either to the Mesolithic Ahrensburg culture (see above) or to the medieval period, with evidence of occupation in the
577:
such as arrow heads or blades were found. Evidence of fire sites was also found. The area was thus frequented by nomadic groups who used the stones as a temporary shelter.
861:
inspired a large number of publications speculating about the ancient history of the site. Many of these were contributed by local amateur historians and published in the
628:
in the caves support the findings. In the main and side chamber, the last large fires were used in the 14th or 15th century (one as early as the 11/12th century). In the
611:
conspicuously absent: All the ceramic and metal items found were younger than the Carolingian period, some stone artefacts were attributed to the Ahrensburg culture.
477:(I) contains a human-made "grotto" of three chambers connected by passages. Above the entrance to the main chamber is a carving that unlike the others here is not a
1203:
Wolfhard Schlosser / Jan Cierny. Sterne und Steine. Eine praktische Astronomie der Vorzeit (German). Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. Darmstadt. 1996. p.93-95.
702:
at this location, with individuals named as hermits in 1385 and 1469. The document from 1385 also mentions an "Upper Altar", likely referring to the altar in the
850:
stream flowing past the stones was dammed to form an artificial pond in 1836. The pond was later drained for the excavations of 1934/5, and restored after 1945.
715:
673:
1602:
1038:
950:
During the period of Nazi rule, the Externsteine became a focus of nationalistic propaganda. In 1933, the "Externsteine Foundation" was established and
872:
The first archaeological excavations were performed in 1881 and 1888, with limited results. Gustav Schierenberg was looking in vain for evidence of the
1633:
1628:
1290:. Mann, Berlin 1951, p. 26–38; Fritz Saxl: "English Sculptures of the 12th Century." ed. Hanns Swarzenski. Faber & Faber, London 1954; Otto Gaul:
698:. From 1366, the ecclesial control of Abdinghof over a chapel at the Externsteine is well documented. This lasted into the 17th century. It involved a
653:
203:
The stones were used as the site of a hermitage in the Middle Ages, and by at least the high medieval period were the site of a Christian chapel. The
644:
However, the first mention of the stones is in a document dated to around 1129, which refers to a farm "Holzhausen or Egesterenstein". The abbot of
510:(tomb stone). An arched alcove with an open stone sarcophagus at the bottom has been cut into the sandstone. This is a type of structure known as an
937:
968:
593:
1098:
1021:
Because of its reputation as "pagan sacred site" in popular culture, there have often been private gatherings or celebrations on the day of
1336:
1116:
1072:
94:
1413:
Germanische Heiligtümer. Beiträge zur Aufdeckung der Vorgeschichte, ausgehend von den Externsteinen, den Lippequellen und der Teutoburg
725:. However, it is unclear who could have built it here and why there is no written evidence of such a relatively elaborate undertaking.
1244:
1423:) "The entirety of the sanctuary Irminsul is identical with the Externsteine" and mentions the priority of Grupen and Schierenberg (
920:
in Lippe" and were placed under protection. Today the preserve measures approximately 11 hectares (27 acres), and forms part of the
835:
was secured with iron hooks. At the same time, new stairs were constructed and a bridge between rocks II and III gave access to the
442:
The pillars have been modified and decorated by humans over the centuries. Most of these alterations are on the southwestern side.
691:
high medieval date, the relief represents the oldest monumental relief worked into a natural rock face found north of the Alps.
378:). Thus, rather than reflecting mythological associations, the physical geology of the stones likely gave rise to their name.
1506:
1472:
1316:
1229:
1188:
529:
with a circular window and an altar. Towards the west is an alcove with columns carved into the rock. To the north there are
46:
1121:
1077:
824:
The structure was rarely used, and fell into dilapidation in the 18th century. In 1810, it was torn down at the request of
313:"magpie" is argued to be the actual etymology of the name by Schröder (1964), who also connects other Westphalian toponyms
1463:
Mahsarski, Dirk (2013), ""Schwarmgeister und Phantasten" - die völkische Laienforschung", in Focke-Museum, Bremen (ed.),
825:
211:. It remains controversial whether the site was already used for Christian worship in the 8th to early 10th centuries.
62:
1540:
1495:
439:. Thousands of years of erosion washed the rocks from the surrounding soil and then formed the surface of the stone.
537:
20:
1271:
Corvey und die Externsteine. Schicksal eines vorchristlichen Heiligtums in karolingischer Zeit (German). Urachhaus
1563:(in German). Westfälisch-Niederrheinisches Institut für Zeitungsforschung Stadt- und Landesbibliothek, Dortmund
873:
831:
The old long-distance trade road running between rocks III and IV was expanded and paved in 1813. The unstable
720:
907:). The course of the road was relocated to the south-east in order to protect the stones in 1936. This is now
895:
With the introduction of a road numbering system in 1932, the road passing between the stones became part of
779:
764:(1564) claimed to take the information from older authorities (which cannot now be recovered or identified),
699:
445:
The pond that currently lies at the foot of the formation is artificial and was created in the 19th century.
200:; there is however no archaeological evidence that would confirm the site's use during the relevant period.
967:
After the Nazis came to power, Teudt was put in charge of additional excavations at the site and appointed
435:
to an almost vertical position. The resulting cracks in the stone offered ample scope for various forms of
353:
More recent linguistic research assigns a much higher probability to a different explanation. The Germanic
588:
has been identified in this context as facing in the direction of sunrise at the time of summer solstice.
185:
consisting of several tall, narrow columns of rock which rise abruptly from the surrounding wooded hills.
1294:(German). In: Westfalen. 32 (1955), p. 141–164. For a dissenting view: Walther Matthes / Rolf Speckner:
192:
in 1564, the Externsteine are identified as a sacred site of the pagan Saxons, and the location of the
1623:
625:
678:
154:
162:
1607:
1296:
Das Relief an den Externsteinen. Ein karolingisches Kunstwerk und sein spiritueller Hintergrund
1011:
858:
500:
208:
178:
1441:
1424:
1362:
1341:
486:
a sash in the left and a key in the right hand. This has been interpreted as a depiction of
370:, for example, which lies south of the Teutoburg Forest. That latter area was also known as
1248:
1043:
854:
569:
stone tools dating to about 10,700 BC from 9,600 BC. Beneath a rock overhang on rock VIII,
408:(tower) and rises 37.5 m (123 ft) above the surrounding area. Rock III is called
294:
182:
37:
620:
photographs, but they can not be put into context due to the loss of written materials in
8:
1453:
Uta Halle. 'Die Externsteine sind bis auf weiteres germanisch!' (German). Bielefeld 2002.
980:
687:
658:
495:
458:
204:
1488:
The nature reserves of the former administrative district of Westphalia and Osnabrück.
231:
is first recorded in the 16th century, but became common only in the late 19th century.
1415:(1931). chapter 3, "Irminsul und Felsenbild". Teudt cites the support of Hans Schmidt,
1220:
Halle, Uta (2013), "Wichtige Ausgrabungen der NS-Zeit", in Focke-Museum, Bremen (ed.),
1015:
880:
under Konrad Mertens was looking at the possible reconstruction of the Holy Sepulchre.
756:
The original claims associating the Externsteine with Saxon pagan worship were made by
574:
1097:"serpent", connecting the legend of Theoderic slaying the giant Ekka with the ancient
1536:
1491:
1468:
1312:
1225:
1184:
942:
757:
728:
694:
In the early 13th century, temporal control of the area passed from the abbey to the
566:
358:
338:
189:
170:
1114:
2nd ed. (1964) cited after H. Beck, J. Udolph, "Externsteine: Namenkundliches" in
909:
1549:
Murphy, G. Ronald. 2020. The Externsteine Relief of the Deposition from the Cross.
992:
973:
951:
598:
581:
396:
166:
140:
386:
1558:
1375:
1026:
1022:
803:
746:
742:
636:
464:
917:
796:
711:
695:
432:
322:
916:
In 1926, the Externsteine were declared "one of the oldest and most important
412:(stairs). A large gap separates rocks III and IV. The latter is also known as
1617:
1354:
961:
927:
778:
Around 1592, the Count's local forest warden lived in the caves. Circa 1660,
346:
316:
109:
96:
904:
286:
964:, who studied the stones for their value to Germanic folklore and history.
645:
621:
453:
888:
From 1912 to 1953, a tramway ran along the Externsteine road, operated by
290:
784:
750:
366:
197:
863:
Zeitschrift für vaterländische Geschichte und Althertumskunde Westfalens
817:
753:
was introduced in Lippe (1538) and church activity at the site ceased.
732:
1663 etching of the stones with the hunting lodge (by Elias van Lennep)
604:
570:
511:
478:
436:
428:
956:
847:
664:
553:
530:
159:
954:
became its president. Interest in the location was furthered by the
812:
548:
1334:"Externsteine: Historische Nachrichten und Besitzverhältnisse" in
996:
View of camping visitors (as seen from the stones) on 30 April 2007
932:
866:
608:
514:. On top of this rock is a platform reached by an uneven stairway.
487:
342:
193:
1589:
Kiev-Khmelnytsky: OJSC Publishing House Podillya, pp. 266–68
1421:
Das Gesamtheiligtum Irminsul ist identisch mit den Externsteinen
536:
Finally, rock IV has been decorated with the coat of arms of the
420:
223:
is unclear, in older texts it is written as ”Estern” or Eastern (
130:
1245:"Die Externsteine geben eines ihrer Geheimnisse preis (German)"
900:
390:
Externsteine as seen from the south-west, across Wiembecke pond
302:
1603:
Externsteine Flyer 2014 (English) from the Landesverband Lippe
1535:. trans. David S. Bachrach. New Haven: Yale University Press.
989:
nearby. The SS used Serbian prisoners of war for the project.
394:
The Externsteine are located on the northeastern slope of the
174:
584:
speculation; a circular hole above the "altar stone" in the
526:
506:
Below the side chamber, next to the pond, is the so-called
448:
1309:
Das Hermannsdenkmal - Daten, Fakten, Hintergründe (German)
321:. Other scholars identify the association with magpies as
227:
meaning "stones" or "rocks"). The Latinized spelling with
1247:. Universität Heidelberg. 20 October 2005. Archived from
188:
In a popular tradition going back to an idea proposed to
1070:
H. Beck, J. Udolph, "Externsteine: Namenkundliches" in
416:
due to a loose boulder (now fixed in place) at its top.
1467:, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, pp. 50–56,
1224:, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, pp. 65–73,
892:(PESAG). A stop was located right next to the stones.
1110:
Plassmann (1961), Bahlow (1962, 1965) and Schröder,
364:
was used for long rocky ridges. It is found today in
1465:
Graben für Germanien - Archäologie unterm Hakenkreuz
1222:
Graben für Germanien - Archäologie unterm Hakenkreuz
404:
due to its cave. The next one, II, is also known as
242:, both dated 1093. Other forms of the name include
1298:(German). 3rd ed., Ostfildern vor Stuttgart, 1997.
325:; Plassmann (1961) connects the name with a giant
1330:
1328:
1288:Beiträge für Georg Swarzenski zum 11. Januar 1951
890:Paderborner Elektrizitätswerke und Straßenbahn AG
782:designed the area for use as a hunting lodge and
1615:
1490:Aschendorff. Munster. 3rd ed. 1978. p.143-144.
341:. Bahlow (1962, 1965) connects the name to the
1406:
1325:
1391:bezreg-detmold.nrw.de - "Nature Externsteine"
1292:Neue Forschungen zum Problem der Externsteine
820:print of the Externsteine dated to the 1890s.
565:Archaeological excavations have yielded some
419:The geological formation consists of a hard,
1036:Since 2006 the Externsteine site has been a
801:
462:
1337:Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde
1178:
1117:Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde
1073:Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde
947:but no "cultural remains" were discovered.
234:The oldest recorded forms of the name read
1585:Tsybulkin, V. V. and Lysyuk, I. P. (2010)
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
791:
281:Hamelmann (1564) gives the Latinized name
1634:Nature reserves in North Rhine-Westphalia
1629:Rock formations of North Rhine-Westphalia
1508:Kein "Koma-Saufen" mehr an Externsteinen.
1462:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
552:Externsteine (north-eastern face, across
1456:
991:
811:
795:
727:
635:
547:
493:The outside of rock I also features the
452:
449:Description of the human-made structures
385:
1579:. Detmold: Hermann Bösmann GmbH Verlag.
1301:
1206:
1101:myth of a hero killing a serpent demon.
672:, which is deemed to be a reference to
1616:
1530:
1384:
1127:
736:
1480:
1402:Nature reserve LIP-007 "Externsteine"
1377:Die Externsteine im Fürstenthum Lippe
1219:
1179:Treude, Elke; Zelle, Michael (2012).
153:
1284:Zur Datierung des Externsteinreliefs
69:
51:Externsteine seen from the northeast
1395:
978:to head the work done there by the
357:means "sharp, edged or pointy". In
13:
1286:(German). In: Oswald Goetz (ed.):
1237:
14:
1645:
1596:
800:View of the stones in 1862 (from
177:district of the German state of
1587:SS-Anenberbe: Declassified Files
1427:, cited after the 2013 reprint).
1353:cited after the 2013 reprint of
423:-resistant sandstone (so-called
68:
61:
45:
21:German weather ship Externsteine
1557:Runge, Fritz (1 January 1973).
1524:
1500:
1447:
1430:
1368:
1347:
883:
762:Delineatio Oppidorum Westfaliae
745:, formerly a county within the
293:"), associating the name with
207:is a medieval depiction of the
19:For the WWII weather ship, see
1276:
1263:
1197:
1104:
1089:Plassmann connects the suffix
1083:
1064:
924:nature reserve, Externsteine.
874:Battle of the Teutoburg Forest
614:
427:), laid down during the early
1:
1608:The Externsteine of Teutoburg
1273:. Stuttgart. 1982. pp. 172ff.
1052:
878:Westfälischer Altertumsverein
780:Herman Adolph, Count of Lippe
560:
196:idol reportedly destroyed by
1556:
716:copies of the Holy Sepulchre
580:The site is associated with
319:, Extern, Exten an der Exter
7:
1610:on World's Greatest Riddles
10:
1650:
1560:Westfälische Bibliographie
1419:, Detmold, January 1930, (
931:site as that of the Saxon
543:
381:
337:, a medieval poem of the
315:Externbrock, Externmühle,
219:The etymology of the name
18:
1531:Becher, Matthias (2003).
1183:. Lippischer Heimatbund.
626:Thermoluminescence dating
136:
125:
90:
56:
44:
35:
28:
16:Rock formation in Germany
1057:
1004:
897:Fernverkehrsstraße Nr. 1
741:The site was within the
1438:Germanische Heiligtümer
1359:Germanische Heiligtümer
792:18th and 19th centuries
214:
155:[ˈɛkstɐnʃtaɪnə]
1417:Vaterländische Blätter
997:
876:in 1881. In 1888, the
821:
809:
802:
733:
641:
557:
501:Descent from the Cross
470:
463:
391:
209:Descent from the Cross
179:North Rhine-Westphalia
1575:Schmidt, Hans (1973)
1311:. Scriptorium. 2008.
1181:Externsteine (German)
995:
815:
799:
731:
674:Heinrich II. von Werl
639:
551:
456:
389:
181:. The formation is a
1112:Deutsche Namenskunde
1049:(national geotope).
960:division within the
855:Romantic nationalism
652:by the abbot of the
1514:Mindener Tageblatt.
1381:, Regensberg, 1867.
1031:Landesverband Lippe
981:Reichsarbeitsdienst
737:Early modern period
688:Externsteine relief
582:archaeoastronomical
459:Externsteine relief
305:" (Standard German
205:Externsteine relief
169:, near the town of
158:) is a distinctive
106: /
82:Location in Germany
1577:Externstein-Führer
998:
922:‘Teutoburg Forest’
822:
810:
734:
642:
575:Ahrensburg culture
558:
499:(showing Christ's
496:Kreuzabnahmerelief
471:
392:
110:51.8690°N 8.9173°E
1474:978-3-534-25919-9
1318:978-3-932610-39-4
1269:Walther Matthes.
1231:978-3-534-25919-9
1190:978-3-941726-18-5
1039:Nationaler Geotop
758:Hermann Hamelmann
640:Seen from the air
567:Upper Paleolithic
414:Wackelsteinfelsen
359:Middle Low German
190:Hermann Hamelmann
171:Horn-Bad Meinberg
146:
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1624:Teutoburg Forest
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1093:with the lexeme
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952:Heinrich Himmler
946:
826:Countess Pauline
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167:Teutoburg Forest
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1374:W. E. Giefers,
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1251:on 4 March 2016
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1027:Walpurgis Night
1023:summer solstice
1007:
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918:nature reserves
886:
804:Die Gartenlaube
794:
747:Duchy of Saxony
743:County of Lippe
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538:Counts of Lippe
465:Die Gartenlaube
457:Drawing of the
451:
425:Osningsandstein
384:
339:Theoderic cycle
272:Egesterennstein
240:Eggesterenstein
217:
165:located in the
115:51.8690; 8.9173
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1591:(in Ukrainian)
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91:Coordinates:
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1565:. Retrieved
1559:
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1525:Bibliography
1513:
1507:
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1487:
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1253:. Retrieved
1249:the original
1239:
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1199:
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1111:
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1099:Drachenkampf
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884:20th century
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650:Agisterstein
649:
646:Werden Abbey
643:
630:Kuppelgrotte
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622:World War II
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483:Kuppelgrotte
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248:Egestersteyn
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150:Externsteine
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76:Externsteine
30:Externsteine
1581:(in German)
1553:94:346-355.
1533:Charlemagne
1342:40–42
1122:46–48
1078:46–48
1042: [
1018:movements.
1016:nationalist
972: [
941: [
837:Höhenkammer
833:Wackelstein
785:Lustschloss
770:apostolorum
751:Reformation
719: [
704:Höhenkammer
677: [
663:(abbey) at
657: [
615:Middle Ages
597: [
586:Höhenkammer
523:Höhenkammer
519:Höhenkammer
475:Grottenfels
410:Treppenfels
402:Grottenfels
367:Eggegebirge
295:Westphalian
256:Egestersten
236:Agistersten
198:Charlemagne
113: /
1618:Categories
1053:References
1012:Neo-Pagans
905:Königsberg
818:photochrom
571:microliths
561:Prehistory
512:Arcosolium
479:bas-relief
437:weathering
429:Cretaceous
252:Egersteyne
98:51°52′08″N
1361:of 1931 (
987:Heiligtum
957:Ahnenerbe
848:Wiembecke
700:hermitage
665:Paderborn
573:from the
554:Wiembecke
531:pilasters
508:Sargstein
335:Eckenlied
160:sandstone
101:8°55′02″E
1510:(German)
1440:(1931),
1379:(German)
933:Irminsul
867:Irminsul
609:Iron Age
488:St Peter
406:Turmfels
343:hydronym
278:(1592).
274:(1583),
270:(1533),
258:(1385),
254:(1369),
250:(1366),
194:Irminsul
126:Location
1567:5 March
1551:Worship
1436:Teudt,
1255:29 June
903:–
857:of the
670:Henrico
544:History
469:, 1862)
421:erosion
382:Geology
376:Osnegge
333:of the
311:Eckster
299:Eckster
291:magpies
289:of the
266:(151),
225:-steine
221:Extern-
173:in the
131:Detmold
1539:
1494:
1471:
1315:
1228:
1187:
1091:-istra
901:Aachen
605:Bronze
525:is an
461:(from
433:folded
372:Osning
307:Elster
303:magpie
1442:p. 25
1425:p. 69
1363:p. 71
1058:Notes
1046:]
1005:Today
976:]
945:]
723:]
681:]
661:]
601:]
556:pond)
347:Exter
317:Exter
297:word
175:Lippe
137:Range
129:near
1569:2010
1537:ISBN
1512:In:
1492:ISBN
1469:ISBN
1313:ISBN
1257:2015
1226:ISBN
1185:ISBN
1095:agis
1025:and
1014:and
846:The
527:apse
473:The
362:Egge
331:Ekka
327:Ecke
287:rock
238:and
215:Name
148:The
1357:'s
607:or
503:).
329:or
309:).
183:tor
38:Tor
1620::
1365:).
1327:^
1208:^
1129:^
1044:de
974:de
962:SS
943:de
913:.
869:.
839:.
828:.
816:A
721:de
706:.
679:de
659:de
624:.
599:de
540:.
490:.
355:ag
350:.
285:("
1571:.
1545:.
1344:.
1321:.
1259:.
1193:.
1124:.
1080:.
899:(
808:)
374:(
301:"
229:x
152:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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