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232:. It is an unusual hydrothermal site, with its off-axis location and relatively long-lived activity. The source of the hydrothermal fluid that fuels Magic Mountain probably rises along fault systems associated with a recent episode of rifting that, in turn, followed a massive outpouring of lava. These vents are forming
192:
active. Most seismicity recorded in this area occurred on or near the
Explorer Transform Fault Zone. The relatively shallow depth of the Southern Explorer Ridge (up to 1800 m) in comparison with most other segments of the northeast Pacific spreading centers suggests that there has been considerable
40:
23:
Bathymetry of
Explorer Ridge area, collected between 1980 and 1984. Bathymetry is contoured at a 200-meter interval. The inset shows the ridge location. The open white circle represents the approximately location of the Magic Mountain vent
631:
220:
Before 2002 Explorer Ridge was the least explored of the northeast
Pacific spreading centers, even though it was known to have robust hydrothermal activity and is
205:
which runs along the axis of the ridge along nearly its entire length. This rift marks the actual boundary between adjacent tectonic plates, where
1348:
1358:
157:
is moving away from the
Explorer Ridge to either side. On the eastern side the eastward moving Explorer Plate is being subducted under the
98:. The Explorer Ridge consists of one major segment, the Southern Explorer Ridge, and several smaller segments. It runs northward from the
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351:
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554:
35:
and breccia overlain with slabby pieces of sulfide formed from hydrothermal venting on the east side of the
Southern Explorer Ridge.
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169:
are the direct results of this collision. The western side of the
Explorer Ridge is associated with the northwest trending
1001:
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229:
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134:. This apparently had some important ramifications for regional geologic evolution. When this change was completed,
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43:
Bathymetry image showing the crest of
Southern Explorer Ridge. Purple and dark blue colors indicate deepest depths.
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This divergent boundary first formed about 5-7 million years ago when the northern end of the
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74:. It lies at the northern extremity of the Pacific spreading axis. To its east is the
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on the ocean floor. Many strange deep-water creatures have been found here.
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volcanic activity along this segment in the past 100,000 years.
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to southwestern
British Columbia returned and the present-day
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214:
62:
boundary located about 241 km (150 mi) west of
224:
active. Along the
Southern Explorer Ridge lies a large
217:and producing new crustal material for the plates.
196:
181:along the coast of British Columbia and southeast
1340:
16:Mid-ocean ridge west of British Columbia, Canada
86:to its south, is what remains of the once-vast
548:
345:
321:NOAA Ocean Explorer: Submarine Ring of Fire
297:NOAA Ocean Explorer: Submarine Ring of Fire
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541:
352:
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38:
27:
18:
1349:Underwater ridges of the Pacific Ocean
1341:
536:
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359:
1359:Mountain ranges of British Columbia
562:
201:The Explorer Ridge includes a deep
13:
213:reaches the seafloor, erupting as
14:
1390:
1374:Seismic zones of British Columbia
234:seafloor massive sulfide deposits
1288:
1277:
1276:
1264:
1252:
630:
515:
503:
438:
246:Geology of the Pacific Northwest
197:Notable features along the ridge
104:Queen Charlotte Triple Junction
1180:South American–Antarctic Ridge
314:
302:
290:
278:
1:
1364:Volcanism of British Columbia
309:Vents Program: Explorer Ridge
271:
106:, a point where it meets the
7:
239:
188:The Explorer Ridge is also
10:
1395:
1133:Galápagos Spreading Center
117:
78:, which together with the
1369:Coast of British Columbia
1246:
1198:
1083:
1000:
727:
639:
628:
570:
498:
447:
436:
367:
420:South American-Antarctic
112:Cascadia subduction zone
1175:Pacific-Antarctic Ridge
323:Retrieved on 2008-06-10
311:Retrieved on 2008-06-10
299:Retrieved on 2008-06-16
287:Retrieved on 2008-06-10
90:which has been largely
1379:Oceanography of Canada
1228:Pacific-Farallon Ridge
1200:Ancient oceanic ridges
1190:Southwest Indian Ridge
1185:Southeast Indian Ridge
922:Philippine Mobile Belt
44:
36:
25:
261:Sovanco Fracture Zone
175:Queen Charlotte Fault
173:which has formed the
108:Queen Charlotte Fault
100:Sovanco Fracture Zone
42:
31:
22:
1325:49.6667°N 130.3333°W
1103:Central Indian Ridge
159:North American Plate
126:broke off along the
96:North American Plate
1321: /
1218:Kula-Farallon Ridge
285:The Cascade Episode
266:Volcanism in Canada
140:Northern California
1330:49.6667; -130.3333
1259:Geology portal
1233:Pacific-Kula Ridge
1223:Mid-Labrador Ridge
1148:Mid-Atlantic Ridge
1143:Juan de Fuca Ridge
510:Geology portal
256:Juan de Fuca Ridge
124:Juan de Fuca Plate
80:Juan de Fuca Plate
45:
37:
26:
1304:
1303:
1118:East Pacific Rise
530:
529:
522:Oceans portal
465:Antarctic-Phoenix
415:Pacific-Antarctic
226:hydrothermal vent
150:started to form.
148:Olympic Mountains
110:and the northern
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1332:
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1322:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1314:
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1280:
1279:
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1257:
1256:
1158:Kolbeinsey Ridge
634:
557:
550:
543:
534:
533:
520:
519:
508:
507:
485:Pacific-Farallon
442:
430:Southwest Indian
425:Southeast Indian
361:Mid-ocean ridges
354:
347:
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331:
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312:
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68:British Columbia
64:Vancouver Island
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1354:Plate tectonics
1339:
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1320:
1315:
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1308:
1307:
1305:
1300:
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1242:
1194:
1168:Reykjanes Ridge
1153:Knipovich Ridge
1098:Carlsberg Ridge
1079:
996:
902:North Galápagos
723:
635:
626:
595:Indo-Australian
566:
564:Tectonic plates
561:
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307:
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179:transform fault
138:volcanism from
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53:mid-ocean ridge
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1123:Explorer Ridge
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1015:Bellingshausen
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1002:Ancient plates
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962:South Sandwich
959:
957:South Bismarck
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897:North Bismarck
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837:Juan Fernández
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480:Osbourn Trough
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375:Central Indian
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230:Magic Mountain
198:
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167:Pacific Ranges
161:. The belt of
132:Explorer Plate
119:
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88:Farallon Plate
76:Explorer Plate
60:tectonic plate
49:Explorer Ridge
15:
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1238:Phoenix Ridge
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752:Balmoral Reef
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470:Kula-Farallon
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171:Pacific Plate
168:
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155:oceanic crust
151:
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145:
144:Cascade Range
141:
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50:
41:
34:
30:
21:
1306:
1293:
1281:
1269:
1250:
1128:Gakkel Ridge
1122:
1040:Intermontane
832:Juan de Fuca
689:New Hebrides
641:Minor plates
572:Major plates
490:Pacific-Kula
475:Mid-Labrador
410:Mid-Atlantic
405:Juan de Fuca
389:
385:East Pacific
316:
304:
292:
280:
228:area called
219:
200:
187:
177:, an active
152:
130:to form the
128:Nootka Fault
121:
48:
46:
33:Pillow lavas
1328: /
1316:130°20′00″W
1213:Alpha Ridge
1208:Aegir Ridge
1163:Mohns Ridge
1138:Gorda Ridge
1113:Cocos Ridge
1108:Chile Ridge
952:Solomon Sea
892:North Andes
882:Molucca Sea
777:Conway Reef
762:Bird's Head
729:Microplates
251:Gorda Ridge
222:seismically
203:rift valley
190:seismically
136:Cascade Arc
84:Gorda Plate
1343:Categories
1313:49°40′00″N
1093:Aden Ridge
942:Seychelles
857:Madagascar
742:Aegean Sea
699:Philippine
600:Australian
272:References
165:along the
94:under the
982:Trobriand
887:Niuafo’ou
842:Kerguelen
817:Halmahera
812:Greenland
797:Galápagos
767:Capricorn
757:Banda Sea
747:Anatolian
664:Caribbean
585:Antarctic
209:from the
163:volcanoes
92:subducted
57:divergent
1283:Category
1075:Kshiroda
1060:Malvinas
1030:Farallon
1025:Cimmeria
992:Woodlark
987:Victoria
947:Shetland
847:Kermadec
787:Explorer
737:Adriatic
669:Caroline
590:Eurasian
390:Explorer
240:See also
82:and the
1295:Commons
1070:Phoenix
1045:Izanagi
1035:Insular
1020:Charcot
937:Sangihe
907:Okinawa
877:Mariana
862:Malpelo
852:Lwandle
827:Iranian
822:Iberian
719:Yangtze
694:Okhotsk
654:Arabian
649:Amurian
617:Pacific
580:African
368:Present
118:Geology
102:to the
1010:Baltic
932:Rovuma
927:Rivera
912:Panama
802:Gonâve
792:Futuna
782:Easter
709:Somali
704:Scotia
679:Indian
605:Indian
448:Former
395:Gakkel
211:mantle
183:Alaska
72:Canada
1055:Lhasa
977:Tonga
972:Tisza
967:Timor
917:Pelso
872:Maoke
867:Manus
807:Gorda
772:Coiba
714:Sunda
684:Nazca
674:Cocos
659:Burma
460:Alpha
455:Aegir
400:Gorda
380:Chile
207:magma
51:is a
24:site.
1271:List
1050:Kula
215:lava
153:The
146:and
55:, a
47:The
1065:Moa
1345::
185:.
114:.
70:,
66:,
556:e
549:t
542:v
353:e
346:t
339:v
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