98:, are compelled to nap repeatedly during the day; fighting off increasingly strong urges to sleep during inappropriate times such as while driving, while at work, during a meal, or in conversations. As the compulsion to sleep intensifies, the ability to complete tasks sharply diminishes, often mimicking the appearance of intoxication. During occasional unique and/or stimulating circumstances, a person with EDS can sometimes remain animated, awake and alert, for brief or extended periods of time. EDS can affect the ability to function in family, social, occupational, or other settings. A proper diagnosis of the underlying cause and ultimately treatment of symptoms and/or the underlying cause can help mitigate such complications. According to the
242:
The
Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT) is also used to quantitatively assess daytime sleepiness. This test is performed in a sleep diagnostic center. The test is similar to the MSLT as it also relies on a measurement of initial sleep latency. However, during this test, the patient is instructed to
634:
Wang, Heming; Lane, Jacqueline M.; Jones, Samuel E.; Dashti, Hassan S.; Ollila, Hanna M.; Wood, Andrew R.; van Hees, Vincent T.; Brumpton, Ben; Winsvold, Bendik S.; Kantojärvi, Katri; Palviainen, Teemu; Cade, Brian E.; Sofer, Tamar; Song, Yanwei; Patel, Krunal (13 August 2019).
223:
which grades the results of a questionnaire with eight questions referring to situations encountered in daily life. The ESS generates a numerical score from zero (0) to 24 where a score of ten or higher may indicate that the person should consult a specialist in
250:(EEG) readings is essential for the objective diagnosis of EDS. The initial sleep latency employed in the MSLT and the MWT is mainly derived from EEG recordings. Moreover, power characteristics in the alpha-band of resting-state EEG readings, correlating with
335:
943:
Littner, Michael R.; Kushida, Clete; Wise, Merrill; Davila, David G.; Morgenthaler, Timothy; Lee-Chiong, Teofilo; Hirshkowitz, Max; Loube, Daniel L.; Bailey, Dennis; Berry, Richard B.; Kapen, Sheldon; Kramer, Milton (January 2005).
239:. Subjects undergo a series of five 20-minute sleeping opportunities with an absence of alerting factors at 2-hour intervals on one day. The test is based on the idea that the sleepier people are, the faster they will fall asleep.
67:) is characterized by persistent sleepiness and often a general lack of energy, even during the day after apparently adequate or even prolonged nighttime sleep. EDS can be considered as a broad condition encompassing several
211:
An adult who is compelled to nap repeatedly during the day may have excessive daytime sleepiness; however, it is important to distinguish between occasional daytime sleepiness and excessive daytime sleepiness, which is
1352:
1333:
235:(MSLT), which has been used since the 1970s. It is used to measure the time it takes from the start of a daytime nap period to the first signs of sleep, called
1095:
Detection of
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Resting-State EEG Recordings: A Novel Machine Learning Approach Using Specific EEG Sub-Bands and Channels
417:
547:
1769:
994:"Maintenance of wakefulness test: A polysomnographic technique for evaluating treatment efficacy in patients with excessive somnolence"
110:
EDS can be a symptom of a number of factors and disorders. Specialists in sleep medicine are trained to diagnose them. Some are:
849:
Kendzerska, Tetyana B.; Smith, Peter M.; Brignardello-Petersen, Romina; Leung, Richard S.; Tomlinson, George A. (August 2014).
262:
Treatment of EDS relies on identifying and treating the underlying disorder which may cure the person from the EDS. Drugs like
278:) oral solution, have been approved as treatment for EDS symptoms in the U.S. There is declining usage of other drugs such as
637:"Genome-wide association analysis of self-reported daytime sleepiness identifies 42 loci that suggest biological subtypes"
1731:
1609:
1604:
1576:
1764:
1721:
1695:
1454:
1209:
Valentino, RM; Foldvary-Schaefer, N (August 2007). "Modafinil in the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness".
946:"Practice Parameters for Clinical Use of the Multiple Sleep Latency Test and the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test"
126:
76:
1163:
Lin, Chin-Teng; Wu, Ruei-Cheng; Liang, Sheng-Fu; Chao, Wen-Hung; Chen, Yu-Jie; Jung, Tzyy-Ping (December 2005).
1044:
Arand, Donna; Bonnet, Michael; Hurwitz, Thomas; Mitler, Merrill; Rosa, Roger; Sangal, R. Bart (January 2005).
2036:
1844:
1706:
1716:
1489:
1118:
850:
1849:
232:
1711:
1927:
1736:
1684:
1659:
1093:
315:
122:
99:
2146:
1484:
1391:
220:
702:
Roya, Yazdani; Farzaneh, Barzkar; Mostafa, Almasi-Dooghaee; Mahsa, Shojaie; Babak, Zamani (2023).
2024:
1805:
1614:
555:
2120:
1669:
1504:
851:"Evaluation of the measurement properties of the Epworth sleepiness scale: A systematic review"
247:
177:
149:
145:
95:
84:
1942:
1674:
411:
2096:
648:
1046:
945:
802:
754:
8:
2091:
2081:
1547:
1447:
1356:
1165:"EEG-based drowsiness estimation for safety driving using independent component analysis"
897:"Guidelines for the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT): A Standard Measure of Sleepiness"
896:
472:
159:
155:
730:
703:
652:
71:
where increased sleep is a symptom, or as a symptom of another underlying disorder like
2101:
1854:
1754:
1619:
1385:
1381:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1279:
Harris, SF; Monderer, RS; Thorpy, M (November 2012). "Hypersomnias of central origin".
1184:
1018:
993:
679:
636:
611:
578:
524:
499:
394:
361:
188:
1377:
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1067:
1023:
1009:
967:
918:
870:
824:
776:
735:
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616:
598:
529:
454:
399:
381:
283:
213:
192:
43:
1188:
2106:
2046:
1420:
1288:
1253:
1218:
1176:
1134:
1130:
1059:
1013:
1005:
957:
908:
862:
814:
766:
725:
715:
674:
656:
606:
590:
519:
515:
511:
444:
389:
373:
291:
1257:
1244:
Nishino, S; Okuro, M (June 2008). "Armodafinil for excessive daytime sleepiness".
1977:
1904:
1882:
1829:
1589:
1494:
1396:
704:"Narcolepsy following COVID-19: A case report and review of potential mechanisms"
303:
295:
279:
2051:
1922:
1864:
1567:
1467:
1440:
1164:
866:
661:
449:
432:
377:
275:
225:
173:
169:
133:
68:
1346:
1342:
1292:
992:
Mitler, Merrill M.; Gujavarty, Krishnareddy S.; Browman, Carl P. (June 1982).
2140:
2029:
1877:
1834:
1784:
1779:
1552:
1180:
1063:
962:
819:
771:
755:"A New Method for Measuring Daytime Sleepiness: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale"
670:
602:
594:
385:
236:
1432:
1092:
Breitenbach, Johannes; Baumgartl, Hermann; Buettner, Ricardo (August 2020).
913:
117:
Misalignments of the body's circadian pacemaker with the environment (e.g.,
1997:
1774:
1759:
1300:
1265:
1230:
1142:
1071:
971:
874:
739:
688:
620:
533:
500:"Diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders: a brief review for clinicians"
458:
403:
362:"Excessive daytime sleepiness in adolescents: current treatment strategies"
1222:
1117:
Kalauzi, Aleksandar; Vuckovic, Aleksandra; Bojić, Tijana (December 2012).
1027:
922:
828:
780:
433:"Excessive daytime sleepiness: a challenge for the practising neurologist"
2056:
1932:
1872:
1824:
1819:
1810:
1649:
1599:
1594:
1476:
1119:"EEG alpha phase shifts during transition from wakefulness to drowsiness"
848:
287:
267:
165:
141:
91:
80:
28:
1325:
219:
A number of tools for screening for EDS have been developed. One is the
2115:
2061:
2041:
1839:
1815:
1746:
1664:
1557:
1527:
1522:
1512:
577:
Arnold, Ria; Issar, Tushar; Krishnan, Arun V; Pussell, Bruce A (2016).
251:
200:
137:
102:, around 20 percent of people experience excessive daytime sleepiness.
72:
48:
720:
360:
Hein, Matthieu; Mungo, Anais; Hubain, Philippe; Loas, Gwenolé (2020).
2125:
2076:
2071:
1937:
1899:
1636:
1542:
1532:
1517:
1415:
263:
52:
1992:
1967:
1887:
1679:
1654:
299:
197:
particular classes of prescription and over-the-counter medication
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1987:
1892:
1726:
1626:
1584:
1537:
803:"Reliability and Factor Analysis of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale"
243:
try to stay awake under soporific conditions for a defined time.
118:
2086:
1972:
1337:
1982:
1800:
1463:
1208:
271:
16:
Symptom characterized by persistent sleepiness during daytime
1091:
1278:
1169:
IEEE Transactions on
Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers
576:
2066:
1962:
1043:
942:
701:
1098:. AMCIS 2020 Proceedings. Salt Lake City. pp. 1–10
430:
991:
579:"Neurological complications in chronic kidney disease"
254:, also showed a correlation with the presence of EDS.
1315:
1116:
114:
Insufficient quality or quantity of night time sleep
998:
Electroencephalography and
Clinical Neurophysiology
633:
359:
336:"How to Manage Excessive Sleepiness During the Day"
1045:
497:
2138:
1085:
1243:
842:
1162:
888:
1462:
1448:
1039:
1037:
1110:
936:
431:Guilleminault, C; Brooks, SN (August 2001).
416:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2024 (
90:Some persons with EDS, including those with
985:
1770:Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder
1455:
1441:
1034:
794:
746:
1123:International Journal of Psychophysiology
1017:
961:
912:
894:
818:
770:
729:
719:
678:
660:
610:
523:
448:
393:
1156:
498:Abad, V. C.; Guilleminault, C. (2003).
2139:
1047:"The Clinical Use of the MSLT and MWT"
1436:
800:
752:
1211:Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
895:Carskadon, Mary A. (December 1986).
13:
753:Johns, Murray W. (November 1991).
504:Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
306:may have several adverse effects.
14:
2158:
1311:
473:"Do I Have Excessive Sleepiness?"
1610:Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
1605:Central hypoventilation syndrome
127:circadian rhythm sleep disorders
1765:Periodic limb movement disorder
1732:Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder
1272:
1237:
1202:
77:circadian rhythm sleep disorder
1135:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.04.012
801:Johns, Murray W. (July 1992).
695:
627:
570:
540:
491:
465:
424:
353:
328:
1:
2037:Biphasic and polyphasic sleep
1845:Nocturnal clitoral tumescence
1707:Advanced sleep phase disorder
1258:10.1358/dot.2008.44.6.1223892
437:Brain: A Journal of Neurology
321:
1717:Delayed sleep phase disorder
1645:Excessive daytime sleepiness
1010:10.1016/0013-4694(82)90142-0
516:10.31887/DCNS.2003.5.4/vabad
257:
206:
61:Excessive daytime sleepiness
7:
1850:Nocturnal penile tumescence
1722:Irregular sleep–wake rhythm
583:JRSM Cardiovascular Disease
309:
233:Multiple Sleep Latency Test
10:
2163:
1712:Cyclic alternating pattern
867:10.1016/j.smrv.2013.08.002
662:10.1038/s41467-019-11456-7
378:10.5935/1984-0063.20190143
1955:
1928:Behavioral sleep medicine
1915:
1863:
1793:
1745:
1737:Shift work sleep disorder
1693:
1685:Sleep state misperception
1635:
1575:
1566:
1503:
1474:
1406:
1319:
1293:10.1016/j.ncl.2012.08.002
477:National Sleep Foundation
105:
100:National Sleep Foundation
42:
34:
26:
1485:Rapid eye movement (REM)
1181:10.1109/TCSI.2005.857555
595:10.1177/2048004016677687
450:10.1093/brain/124.8.1482
380:(inactive 1 July 2024).
228:for further evaluation.
221:Epworth Sleepiness Scale
1806:Exploding head syndrome
1615:Obstructive sleep apnea
2121:Sleeping while on duty
1670:Idiopathic hypersomnia
1064:10.1093/sleep/28.1.123
963:10.1093/sleep/28.1.113
855:Sleep Medicine Reviews
820:10.1093/sleep/15.4.376
772:10.1093/sleep/14.6.540
248:Electroencephalography
185:Genetic predisposition
178:central nervous system
176:, or an injury to the
150:restless legs syndrome
146:idiopathic hypersomnia
96:idiopathic hypersomnia
85:idiopathic hypersomnia
1943:Neuroscience of sleep
1675:Night eating syndrome
1660:Kleine–Levin syndrome
1223:10.3949/ccjm.74.8.561
914:10.1093/sleep/9.4.519
708:Clinical Case Reports
641:Nature Communications
548:"How to Stop Snoring"
316:Kleine–Levin syndrome
2097:Sleep and creativity
1217:(8): 561–6, 568–71.
231:Another tool is the
94:like narcolepsy and
2092:Sleep and breathing
1548:Sensorimotor rhythm
653:2019NatCo..10.3503W
589:: 204800401667768.
302:(Cylert), as these
160:atypical depression
156:clinical depression
132:Another underlying
2102:Sleep and learning
1855:Nocturnal emission
1755:Nightmare disorder
1620:Periodic breathing
1407:External resources
1281:Neurologic Clinics
189:Vitamin deficiency
154:Disorders such as
2134:
2133:
2112:Sleep deprivation
1951:
1950:
1430:
1429:
1175:(12): 2726–2738.
721:10.1002/ccr3.7370
479:. 3 December 2020
443:(Pt 8): 1482–91.
284:dextroamphetamine
193:biotin deficiency
58:
57:
21:Medical condition
2154:
2107:Sleep and memory
2047:Circadian rhythm
1794:Benign phenomena
1696:Circadian rhythm
1573:
1572:
1457:
1450:
1443:
1434:
1433:
1317:
1316:
1305:
1304:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1049:
1041:
1032:
1031:
1021:
989:
983:
982:
980:
978:
965:
940:
934:
933:
931:
929:
916:
892:
886:
885:
883:
881:
846:
840:
839:
837:
835:
822:
798:
792:
791:
789:
787:
774:
750:
744:
743:
733:
723:
699:
693:
692:
682:
664:
631:
625:
624:
614:
574:
568:
567:
565:
563:
554:. Archived from
544:
538:
537:
527:
495:
489:
488:
486:
484:
469:
463:
462:
452:
428:
422:
421:
415:
407:
397:
357:
351:
350:
348:
346:
332:
304:psychostimulants
292:lisdexamfetamine
24:
23:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2147:Sleep disorders
2137:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2025:Procrastination
1978:Four-poster bed
1947:
1911:
1905:Polysomnography
1883:Sleep induction
1859:
1830:Sleep paralysis
1789:
1741:
1700:
1697:
1689:
1631:
1590:Mouth breathing
1568:Sleep disorders
1562:
1499:
1490:Quiescent sleep
1470:
1468:sleep disorders
1461:
1431:
1426:
1425:
1402:
1401:
1328:
1314:
1309:
1308:
1277:
1273:
1242:
1238:
1207:
1203:
1193:
1191:
1161:
1157:
1147:
1145:
1115:
1111:
1101:
1099:
1090:
1086:
1076:
1074:
1042:
1035:
990:
986:
976:
974:
941:
937:
927:
925:
893:
889:
879:
877:
847:
843:
833:
831:
799:
795:
785:
783:
751:
747:
700:
696:
632:
628:
575:
571:
561:
559:
558:on 4 March 2016
546:
545:
541:
496:
492:
482:
480:
471:
470:
466:
429:
425:
409:
408:
358:
354:
344:
342:
334:
333:
329:
324:
312:
298:(Desoxyn), and
296:methamphetamine
280:methylphenidate
260:
209:
108:
69:sleep disorders
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2160:
2150:
2149:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2052:Comfort object
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1923:Sleep medicine
1919:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1880:
1875:
1869:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1751:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1703:
1701:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1641:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1592:
1587:
1581:
1579:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1509:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1481:
1479:
1472:
1471:
1460:
1459:
1452:
1445:
1437:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1388:
1349:
1329:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1320:Classification
1313:
1312:External links
1310:
1307:
1306:
1287:(4): 1027–44.
1271:
1252:(6): 395–414.
1246:Drugs of Today
1236:
1201:
1155:
1129:(3): 195–205.
1109:
1084:
1058:(1): 123–144.
1033:
1004:(6): 658–661.
984:
956:(1): 113–121.
935:
907:(4): 519–524.
887:
861:(4): 321–331.
841:
813:(4): 376–381.
793:
765:(6): 540–545.
745:
694:
626:
569:
539:
510:(4): 371–388.
490:
464:
423:
372:(2): 157–171.
352:
326:
325:
323:
320:
319:
318:
311:
308:
276:sodium oxybate
259:
256:
226:sleep medicine
208:
205:
204:
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195:
186:
183:
180:
174:hypothyroidism
170:kidney failure
162:
152:
134:sleep disorder
130:
115:
107:
104:
56:
55:
46:
40:
39:
36:
32:
31:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2159:
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2018:
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2013:
2011:
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1901:
1898:
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1891:
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1886:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1878:Sleep hygiene
1876:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1835:Sleep inertia
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1785:Sleep-talking
1783:
1781:
1780:Sleep driving
1778:
1776:
1773:
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286:(Dexedrine),
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237:sleep latency
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1998:Sleeping bag
1775:Sleepwalking
1760:Night terror
1644:
1477:sleep cycles
1414:
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1192:. Retrieved
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1100:. Retrieved
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560:. Retrieved
556:the original
551:
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481:. Retrieved
476:
467:
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412:cite journal
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343:. Retrieved
339:
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290:(Adderall),
261:
245:
241:
230:
218:
210:
109:
92:hypersomnias
89:
64:
60:
59:
18:
2082:Second wind
2057:Dream diary
1933:Sleep study
1873:Sleep diary
1825:Hypnopompia
1820:Sleep onset
1811:Hypnic jerk
1650:Hypersomnia
1600:Catathrenia
1595:Sleep apnea
1505:Brain waves
1475:Stages of
647:(1): 3503.
552:Sleep Apnea
483:16 November
294:(Vyvanse),
288:amphetamine
282:(Ritalin),
268:armodafinil
246:The use of
166:head trauma
142:sleep apnea
125:, or other
81:sleep apnea
35:Other names
29:hypersomnia
2116:Sleep debt
2062:Microsleep
2042:Chronotype
1956:Daily life
1840:Somnolence
1816:Hypnagogia
1747:Parasomnia
1665:Narcolepsy
1577:Anatomical
1558:Theta wave
1528:Gamma wave
1523:Delta wave
1513:Alpha wave
322:References
252:somnolence
201:Long COVID
191:, such as
182:Drug abuse
168:, anemia,
138:narcolepsy
136:, such as
123:shift work
73:narcolepsy
49:Psychiatry
2126:Sleepover
2077:Power nap
2072:Nightwear
1938:Melatonin
1900:Somnology
1865:Treatment
1698:disorders
1637:Dyssomnia
1543:PGO waves
1538:Mu rhythm
1533:K-complex
1518:Beta wave
1495:Slow-wave
1416:eMedicine
671:2041-1723
603:2048-0040
562:15 August
386:1984-0659
264:modafinil
258:Treatment
207:Diagnosis
53:neurology
44:Specialty
2141:Category
1993:Mattress
1968:Bunk bed
1888:Hypnosis
1680:Nocturia
1655:Insomnia
1421:med/3129
1301:23099128
1266:18596995
1231:17708127
1194:14 March
1189:12252030
1148:14 March
1143:22580156
1102:14 March
1077:14 March
1072:15700728
977:14 March
972:15700727
928:14 March
880:14 March
875:24135493
834:14 March
786:14 March
740:37251741
731:10213711
689:31409809
621:27867500
534:22033666
459:11459741
404:32742588
310:See also
300:pemoline
164:Tumors,
27:Daytime
2020:Bedtime
2015:Bedroom
2010:Bedding
2005:Bed bug
1988:Hammock
1893:Lullaby
1727:Jet lag
1627:Snoring
1585:Bruxism
1397:D006970
1028:6177511
1019:2480525
923:1798888
829:1519015
781:1798888
680:6692391
649:Bibcode
612:5102165
525:3181779
395:7384526
345:29 June
214:chronic
119:jet lag
2087:Siesta
1973:Daybed
1801:Dreams
1386:780.54
1382:780.53
1374:307.44
1370:307.43
1366:292.85
1362:291.82
1299:
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340:Health
106:Causes
2030:Story
1983:Futon
1916:Other
1464:Sleep
1378:327.1
1347:G47.1
1343:F51.1
1185:S2CID
1052:Sleep
950:Sleep
901:Sleep
807:Sleep
759:Sleep
272:Xyrem
148:, or
1466:and
1392:MeSH
1357:9-CM
1297:PMID
1262:PMID
1227:PMID
1196:2021
1150:2021
1139:PMID
1104:2021
1079:2021
1068:PMID
1024:PMID
979:2021
968:PMID
930:2021
919:PMID
882:2021
871:PMID
836:2021
825:PMID
788:2021
777:PMID
736:PMID
685:PMID
667:ISSN
617:PMID
599:ISSN
564:2015
530:PMID
485:2021
455:PMID
418:link
400:PMID
382:ISSN
347:2024
2067:Nap
1963:Bed
1353:ICD
1334:ICD
1289:doi
1254:doi
1219:doi
1177:doi
1131:doi
1060:doi
1014:PMC
1006:doi
958:doi
909:doi
863:doi
815:doi
767:doi
726:PMC
716:doi
675:PMC
657:doi
607:PMC
591:doi
520:PMC
512:doi
445:doi
441:124
390:PMC
374:doi
158:or
83:or
65:EDS
38:EDS
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