1464:
1445:
1498:
437:
428:
828:, located in branchial chambers within the segments of the mesosoma. They may have been used for underwater respiration. They are composed of several layers of thin tissue stacked in such a way as to resemble the pages of a book, hence the name. In addition, they also possessed five pairs of oval-shaped areas covered with microscopic projections on the ceiling of the second branchial chambers within the mesosoma, immediately below the gill tracts. These areas are known as Kiemenplatten (or gill-tracts, though the former term is preferred). They are unique to eurypterids.
771:, with predominantly two spines on each podomere and with the tipmost segment having a single spine. The last two segments are often indistinguishable and give the appearance of a single segment having three spines. They are used both for walking and for food capture. The next pair (Appendage V) is the most leg-like of all appendages, longer than the first three pairs and are mostly spineless except at the tipmost segments. The last pair (Appendage VI) are two broad paddle-like legs used for swimming. The coxae of Appendage VI are broad and flat, resembling an 'ear'.
1483:
987:
629:
4347:
111:
139:
4788:
2658:
2558:
1415:
5091:
2466:
775:
2288:
1430:
2366:
2541:) in contrast to the trapezoidal carapaces of adults. The eyes are aligned almost laterally but move to a more anterior location during growth. The preabdomen also lengthened, increasing the overall length of the ophisthosoma. The swimming legs also became narrower and the telsons shorter and broader (though in
2212:
Four raised scales on the posterior margin of the carapce. Appendages II to IV each have two spines on each podomere. Postabdomen has small epimera. The pretelson has large, rounded epimera with imbricate scale ornamentation at the margins. Telson has imbricate scale ornamentations at the margins of
1608:
No raised scales on the posterior margin of the carapace or of the three front-most tergites. The rest of the tergites each have four raised scales. Four to six spines on each podomere of
Appendages III and IV. Pretelson has large, rounded epimera without ornamentation on the margins. The species is
2633:
were believed to have originated from
Baltica (eastern Laurussia, modern western Eurasia) based on the earliest recorded fossils. During the Silurian, they spread to Laurentia (western Laurussia, modern North America) when the two continents began to collide. They rapidly colonized the continent as
2456:
en masse to shore areas in order to mate, lay eggs, and molt. Activities that would have made them more vulnerable to predators. This could also explain why the vast majority of fossils found in such sites are molts and not of actual animals. The same behavior can be seen in modern horseshoe crabs.
2033:
The posterior margin of the carapace has three raised scales. Appendages II to IV has two spines per podomere. The metastoma is rhomboid in shape with a deep notch at the front part. The postabdomen has serrated fringes at the middle with small angular epimera at the sides. The pretelson has large,
789:
Based on the width and structure of each segment, they can be divided into the broad preabdomen (segments 1 to 7) and the narrow postabdomen (segments 8 to 12). The preabdomen is the broader segments of the anterior portion of the ophisthosoma while the postabdomen are the last five segments of the
2451:
fossils in certain sites has been interpreted to be a result of mass mating and molting behavior. Juveniles were likely to have inhabited nearshore hypersaline environments, safer from predators, and moved to deeper waters as they grew older and larger. Adults that reach sexual maturity would then
2107:
species. Has four raised scales at the posterior margin of the carapace. Appendages I to IV has two spines on each podomere. Postabdomen has small epimera. Pretelson has small, semiangular epimera with imbricate scale ornamentation at the margins. The telson has serrated margins along most of its
3684:
2310:
swimming behavior suggest that they utilized a drag-based rowing type of locomotion where appendages moved synchronously in near-horizontal planes. The paddle blades are almost vertically oriented on the backward and down stroke, pushing the animal forward and lifting it up. The blades are then
2492:
had two types of respiratory systems. Its main organs for breathing were the book gills inside the segments of the mesosoma. These structures were supported by semicircular 'ribs' and were probably attached near the center of the body, similar to the gills of modern horseshoe crabs. They were
1853:
Frontmost tergite is reduced. Metasoma is rhombiovate in shape with tooth-like projections at the anterior part. The pretelson has serrated edges. the epimera are large, semi-angular with angular striations. The telson is styliform with large angular striations interspersed among smaller more
1685:
species, averaging at 10 to 15 centimetres (3.9 to 5.9 in) long. The largest specimen found is about 20 to 25 centimetres (7.9 to 9.8 in) in length. They can be distinguished by pustules and six scales at the rear margin of their carapaces. Appendages I to IV has two spines on each
838:. On the bottom side of the first two segments of the mesosoma are central appendages used for reproduction. In females, they are long and narrow. In the males they are very short. A minority of authors, however, assume the reverse: longer genital appendage for males, shorter for females.
668:(the posteriormost division of the body) of a specimen of this species reaches this length, being 14.8 cm (5.8 in) long and indicating a specimen of 55.4 cm (21.8 in) of length, and that is the largest specimen ever described in literature. In the introduction page of
794:. Each of the segments of the postabdomen contain lateral flattened protrusions known as the epimera with the exception of the last needle-like (styliform) part of the body known as the telson. The segment immediately preceding the telson (which also has the largest epimera of the
2357:
could achieve two and a half body lengths per second immediately. Larger adults, meanwhile, probably swam with the subaqueous flight type. The maximum velocity of adults when cruising would have been 3 to 4 m (9.8 to 13.1 ft) per second, slightly faster than turtles and
2512:
The function of the book gills are usually interpreted to be for aquatic breathing, while the
Kiemenplatten are supplementary for temporary breathing on land. However, some authors have argued that the two systems alone could not have supported an organism the size of
3989:
401:
averaged at about 13 to 23 cm (5 to 9 in) in length, but the largest individual discovered was estimated to be 60 cm (24 in) long. They all possessed spine-bearing appendages and a large paddle they used for swimming. They were
2504:
The second system are the
Kiemenplatten, also referred to as gill-tracts. These oval-shaped areas within the body wall of the preabdomen. Their surfaces are covered with numerous small spines arranged into hexagonal 'rosettes'. These areas were
3112:
1758:
The visual area of the compound eyes of this species are surrounded by depressions. The ocelli and the ocellar mound are small. No pustules or raised scales on the carapace or the first tergite. It is probably closely related to
1686:
podomere. The postabdomen have small epimera. The pretelson has long pointed epimera. Telson has striations near its attachment to the pretelson. The species is named after
Norwegian paleontologist Nils-Martin Hanken, of the
2432:
like worms. They utilized the mass of spines on their front appendages to both kill and hold them while they used their chelicerae to rip off pieces small enough to swallow. Young individuals may also have fallen prey to
801:
An alternative way to divide the ophisthosoma is by function. It can also be divided into the mesosoma (segments 1 to 6), and the metasoma (segments 7 to 12). The mesosoma contains the gills and reproductive organs of
1825:. It is also slightly larger with a slightly narrower metastoma. Its status as a distinct species was once disputed before diagnostic analysis by Tollerton in 1993. Its specific name means 'from a lake', from Latin
3853:
2415:
did not swim to hunt, rather they simply swam in order to move from one feeding site to another quickly. Most of the time they walked on the substrate with their legs (including their swimming leg). They were
5158:
1723:
with broad paddles and metastoma. Postabdomen has small epimera. Pretelson has large rounded epimera with imbricate scales (overlapping, similar to fish scales). It is very similar and closely related to
1951:. They have large palpebral lobes (part of "cheeks" of the carapace adjacent to the compound eyes), making it easy to mistake their eyes for being oval. This enlargement is more typical of the genus
946:
of eurypterids and is the most common. As a consequence, nearly every remotely similar eurypterid in the 19th century was classified under the genus (except for the distinctive members of the family
2549:
the telsons changed from being angular in juveniles to larger and more rounded in adults). All these changes are believed to be a result of the respiratory and reproductive requirements of adults.
2346:. It has a relatively slower acceleration rate than the rowing type, especially since adults have proportionally smaller paddles than juveniles. But since the larger sizes of adults mean a higher
2034:
semiangular epimera with angular striations at the margins. The telson is styliform with sparse angular striations at the margins. The name of the species comes from its place of discovery – the
3854:
Jason A. Dunlop, David Penney, & Denise Jekel; with additional contributions from Lyall I. Anderson, Simon J. Braddy, James C. Lamsdell, Paul A. Selden, & O. Erik Tetlie (2011).
3765:
2353:
Juveniles probably swam using the rowing type, the rapid acceleration afforded by this propulsion is more suited for quickly escaping predators. A small 16.5 cm (6.5 in)
3483:
975:
based on the size of some of the last segments of their swimming legs. O. Erik Tetlie in 2006 deemed these differences too insignificant to justify a separate genus. He merged
1997:
Ornamentation of pustules on the entire surface of the carapace and at least the first tergite. Does not possess raised scales. Its specific name means 'adorned', from Latin
2681:
were purportedly discovered in China in 1957, the evidence of them belonging to the genus (or if they were even eurypterids at all) is nonexistent. No other traces of
1452:
2302:
belongs to the suborder
Eurypterina, eurypterids in which the sixth appendage had developed a broad swimming paddle remarkably similar to that of the modern-day
2064:
Has six raised scales on the posterior margin of the carapace but does not possess pustule ornamentation. It is named after the location it was recovered from
587:. Holm was then able to examine the almost perfectly preserved fragments under a microscope. His remarkable study led to the modern breakthrough on eurypterid
2399:, and is considered to have been made by juvenile to adult-sized eurypterids while swimming in very shallow nearshore marine environments. The morphology of
1968:
2950:
2736:
2744:
564:
4157:
3884:
3531:
3257:
786:) is composed of 12 segments, each consisting of a fused upper plate (tergite) and bottom plate (sternite). It is further subdivided in two ways.
2562:
2311:
oriented horizontally on the recovery stroke to slash through the water without pushing the animal back. This type of swimming is exhibited by
2035:
983:. It is now believed that the minor variations described by Størmer are simply the differences found in adults and juveniles within a species.
580:
4047:
3962:
2832:
3585:
3816:
2638:, becoming the most dominant eurypterid in the region. This accounts for why they are the most commonly found genus of eurypterids today.
961:
In 1958, several species distinguishable by closer placed eyes and spines on their swimming legs were split off into the separate genus
853:, and striations. They vary by species and are used for identification. For more detailed diagnostic descriptions of each species under
1437:
5256:
3466:"Selectivity in the evolution of Palaeozoic arthropod groups, with focus on mass extinctions and radiations: A phylogenetic approach"
2707:) are relatively rare. Fossil eurypterids are often deposited in characteristic windrows, probably a result of wave and wind action.
1471:
1422:
3154:
5271:
5179:
2154:
but can be distinguished by the dense angular striations on their styliform telson. The specific name means 'serrated', from Latin
606:
remains one of the most commonly found and best known eurypterid genera, comprising more than 95% of all known eurypterid fossils.
4259:
2395:
in
Ontario and Pennsylvania. This trace fossil is very similar to traces made by modern aquatic swimming insects that row such as
748:, usually referred to in Roman numerals I-VI. Each appendage in turn is composed of nine segments (known as podomeres) labeled in
744:) near the center of the carapace on a small elevation (known as the ocellar mound). Underneath the carapace is the mouth and six
2691:
are very common fossils in their regions of occurrence, millions of specimens are possible in a given area, though access to the
2391:
that includes a pair of crescent-shaped impressions and a short medial drag, and it has been found in upper
Silurian eurypterid
5296:
2488:
have led many paleontologists to conclude that it was capable of breathing air and walking on land for a short amount of time.
1505:
1490:
4290:
4232:
3900:"Untersuchungen zur Morphologie, Taxonomie und Phylogenie der Chelicerata† II. Cladogramme und die Entfaltung der Chelicerata"
2573:
existed for a relatively short time, yet they are the most abundant eurypterids found today. They flourished between the Late
5266:
4867:
4857:
4379:
3656:
3646:
3373:
3241:
2806:
724:
The prosoma is the forward part of the body, it is actually composed of six segments fused together to form the head and the
1463:
5261:
677:
3081:
3014:
5276:
4819:
3281:
2913:
Erik N. Kjellesvig-Waering (1958). "The genera, species and subspecies of the family
Eurypteridae, Burmeister, 1845".
5281:
4834:
3221:
2703:). Some are complete but are most probably exuviae as well. Fossils of the actual remains of eurypterids (i.e. their
2417:
403:
342:
2646:), however, were unable to cross vast expanses of oceans between the two supercontinents during the Silurian. Their
1943:
with large pustules on the carapace and abdomen. Does not possess the scale ornamentation found in other species of
1560:
684:, so it is not possible to determine in context whether the 1.3 m (4.3 ft) long specimen is actually from
1695:
3310:
V. P. Tollerton Jr. (1989). "Morphology, Taxonomy, and
Classification of the Order Eurypterida Burmeister, 1843".
5078:
4862:
4804:
3685:"Functional morphology of the prosoma of Baltoeurypterus tetragonophthalmus (Fischer) (Chelicerata: Eurypterida)"
4318:
2989:
2769:
2112:
and can often only be distinguished by the position of the eyes. The specific name means 'oar-foot', from Latin
1821:
and often found in the same localities, but the eyes are placed at a more posterior position on the carapace of
1572:
5286:
4852:
4842:
4796:
2517:. Both structures might actually have been for breathing air and the true gills (for underwater breathing) of
694:
fossils often occur in similar sizes in a given area. This may be a result of the fossils being "sorted" into
5251:
4814:
4809:
2227:
1890:
810:
for "sheet foot"). Protected within which are the branchial chambers which contain the respiratory organs of
673:
767:) during feeding. After the chelicerae are three pairs of short legs (Appendages II, III, and IV). They are
4847:
4824:
849:
is often covered with small outgrowths known as ornamentation. They include pustules (small protrusions),
967:
by Erik Kjellesvig-Waering. Another split was proposed by Leif Størmer in 1973 when he reclassified some
806:. Its ventral segments are overlaid by appendage-derived plates known as Blattfüsse (singular Blattfuss,
737:
676:
says that the largest specimen ever found was 1.3 m (4.3 ft) long, currently on display at the
594:
More fossils were recovered in great abundance in New York in the 19th century, and elsewhere in eastern
504:
in the process. The name means 'wide wing' or 'broad paddle', referring to the swimming legs, from Greek
4204:
3939:
3648:
Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part P: Arthropoda 2: Chelicerata, Pycnogonida & Palaeoisopus
3554:
3389:
2884:
2250:
817:
Some authors incorrectly use mesosoma and preabdomen interchangeably, as with metasoma and postabdomen.
4337:
3192:
2213:
the base which become serrations towards the tip. The specific name means 'four-edged eye', from Greek
2039:
752:
1–9. The first segments which connect the appendages to the body are known as the coxa (plural coxae).
613:
387:
138:
2837:(Chelicerata, Eurypterida) in the collections of Museo Geominero (Geological Survey of Spain), Madrid"
1444:
5291:
4480:
4372:
2447:
animals, as their remains are mostly found in intertidal shallow environments. The concentrations of
1863:
3451:
3161:. Texas Natural Science Center: Non-vertebrate Paleontology, The University of Texas. Archived from
4051:
3966:
2859:
2692:
2257:(Ösel), Estonia, with additional discoveries in Ukraine, Norway, and possibly Moldova and Romania.
3045:
1691:
646:
3620:
1687:
5246:
5223:
5109:
4787:
1614:
489:
468:
239:
3231:
2574:
2239:
650:) reached up to 2.5 m (8.2 ft) in length, about the size of a crocodile. Species of
5218:
5210:
3855:
3438:
2796:
2434:
881:
436:
2581:
1497:
427:
5166:
5147:
5094:
4365:
4172:
4107:
4001:
3784:
3596:
3319:
3223:
2965:
2753:
2409:
had the ability to move its swimming appendages in both the horizontal and vertical plane.
1902:
588:
986:
664:
average at larger sizes at 15 to 23 cm (6 to 9 in) in length. However, a single
8:
4351:
3227:
3162:
2716:
2592:
1729:
1656:
680:
of New York. However, the text section describes the group eurypterid itself rather than
644:
The largest arthropods to have ever existed were eurypterids. The largest known species (
4176:
4111:
4005:
3788:
3600:
3323:
2969:
2757:
2695:
may be difficult. Most fossil eurypterids are the disjointed shed exoskeleton (known as
575:. These specimens from Estonia are often of extraordinary quality, retaining the actual
4267:
4196:
4133:
4025:
3916:
3899:
3878:
3808:
3704:
3343:
3251:
3136:
2798:
Fossil ecosystems of North America: a guide to the sites and their extraordinary biotas
2481:
2327:
2267:. Most of them are now reclassified to other genera, identified as other animals (like
955:
632:
Comparison of an average adult human male (170 cm (5.6 ft)) with the average
282:
133:
3415:
2215:
1482:
5205:
4683:
4616:
4608:
4188:
4137:
4125:
4017:
3921:
3800:
3652:
3612:
3546:
3498:
3369:
3335:
3237:
3140:
2981:
2922:
2851:
2802:
1859:
1644:
1513:
1045:
991:
835:
628:
371:
fossil specimens probably represent more than 95% of all known eurypterid specimens.
4200:
4029:
3812:
3708:
3347:
2493:
protected under platelike appendages (which actually formed the apparent 'belly' of
5023:
4737:
4729:
4719:
4711:
4691:
4662:
4578:
4527:
4294:
4180:
4115:
4009:
3911:
3792:
3696:
3604:
3419:
3327:
3128:
3053:
2973:
2761:
2635:
2469:
2453:
2347:
1913:
874:
760:
472:
464:
460:
459:
was found in 1818 by S. L. Mitchill, a fossil collector. It was recovered from the
391:
359:, a group of organisms commonly called "sea scorpions". The genus lived during the
310:
2669:
They are now only known from fossils from North America, Europe, and northwestern
2263:
The list does not include the large number of fossils previously classified under
2156:
5052:
4898:
4755:
4696:
4652:
4555:
4542:
3770:(Chelicerata: Eurypterida) from Norway and Canada and the phylogeny of the genus"
2977:
2765:
2647:
2585:
2577:
1958:
1555:
1517:
1075:
909:
895:
850:
807:
749:
126:
3651:. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press. pp. 31–34.
2537:
differed from adults in several ways. Their carapaces were narrower and longer (
5132:
4968:
4926:
4884:
4747:
4674:
4634:
4626:
4550:
3285:
3089:
3022:
2596:
2498:
2444:
1972:
1337:
1321:
1313:
1288:
1272:
1264:
1256:
1231:
1215:
1199:
1191:
1183:
1167:
1151:
1135:
1119:
1111:
1095:
1087:
1071:
933:
556:
4184:
4013:
3994:
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
3796:
3700:
3331:
3194:
Environment preference of eurypterids – indications for freshwater adaptation?
3086:
species attained (Late Silurian Bertie Group of New York and Ontario, Canada)"
2392:
2330:), in which the sinuous motions and shape of the paddles themselves acting as
110:
5240:
4975:
4947:
4940:
4912:
4891:
4644:
4583:
4573:
4565:
4519:
4509:
4501:
4457:
4421:
4192:
4129:
4021:
3925:
3804:
3616:
3550:
3502:
3423:
3339:
2985:
2926:
2855:
2643:
2303:
2272:
2124:('foot'). Found in New York and Ontario, and is the state fossil of New York.
2004:
1953:
1583:
1475:
1040:
996:
884:
733:
599:
206:
68:
2326:
swimming behavior is that individuals were capable of underwater flying (or
1550:
Uncertain placement. Only 3 of the specimens described in 1856 are probably
994:
depicting various eurypterids discovered in New York. The painting includes
4933:
4765:
4701:
4657:
4532:
3608:
3111:
Ruebenstahl, Alexander; Ciurca, Samuel J. Jr.; Briggs, Derek E. G. (2021).
2506:
2429:
2335:
2316:
1855:
1018:
951:
947:
917:
877:
536:
247:
219:
119:
3058:
2657:
2114:
1063: ←
698:
as they were being deposited in shallow waters by storms and wave action.
5192:
5141:
5030:
5007:
4905:
4599:
4492:
4430:
4412:
3132:
2557:
1414:
963:
905:
898:
891:
842:
795:
768:
764:
710:
617:
180:
43:
2120:
954:). The genus was eventually split into several genera as the science of
5184:
4996:
4982:
4961:
4954:
4760:
4448:
4439:
4388:
4120:
4095:
2619:
2425:
2388:
2339:
2268:
1008:
825:
756:
745:
540:
411:
356:
193:
88:
53:
5197:
3990:"Lift based mechanisms for swimming in eurypterids and portunid crabs"
3465:
2465:
2275:, or remains of doubtful placement. Classification is based on Dunlop
5073:
5057:
5047:
4406:
2677:
that were the former components of Laurussia. While three species of
2615:
2614:) which slowly drifted together to form the second supercontinent of
2611:
2421:
2396:
2359:
2331:
2244:
2232:
2220:
1907:
1895:
1577:
1565:
1053:
1002:
921:
913:
902:
774:
567:. He considered it to be of the same species as the first discovery (
548:
544:
523:
511:
493:
407:
170:
150:
93:
37:
5103:
2287:
488:
It was only after seven years, in 1825, that the American zoologist
5126:
5016:
4989:
2651:
2623:
2603:
2599:
2538:
2401:
2383:
2343:
2254:
1456:
925:
888:
729:
718:
714:
660:
are usually between 13 and 20 cm (5 and 8 in) in length.
475:
arising from the mouth. He consequently identified the fossil as a
360:
316:
83:
78:
63:
58:
48:
30:
2509:, hence the conclusion that they were secondary breathing organs.
2497:) known as Blattfüsse. These gills may have also played a role in
2381:
employed a rowing stroke when in close proximity to the seafloor.
1733:
1504:
partial abdomen, pretelson and telson from the collections of the
3529:
2951:"Distribution and dispersal history of Eurypterida (Chelicerata)"
2737:"Distribution and dispersal history of Eurypterida (Chelicerata)"
2704:
2700:
2607:
2591:
During this period, the landmasses were mostly restricted to the
2161:
1618:
783:
732:. On the dorsal side of the latter are two large crescent-shaped
706:
695:
595:
576:
560:
481:
476:
265:
98:
73:
5171:
4048:"Eurypterids, arachnids, and the arthropod invasion of the land"
2650:
were thus limited to the coastlines and the large, shallow, and
4400:
4050:. Department of Geology, University of Maryland. Archived from
3965:. Department of Geology, University of Maryland. Archived from
2696:
2674:
2065:
1512:
Species belonging to the genus, their diagnostic descriptions,
929:
741:
725:
665:
636:
length (around 20 cm (7.9 in)) and the largest known
383:
160:
4357:
4165:
Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences
3689:
Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences
555:
was also discovered in New York in 1835 by the paleontologist
328:
4330:
4155:
4096:"New trace fossil evidence for eurypterid swimming behaviour"
4073:
2602:
straddling the South Pole. The equator had three continents (
1862:
where they were collected. Found in the Leopold Formation of
1429:
1056:
by O. Erik Tetlie in 2006. Some species are not represented.
943:
517:
505:
352:
3484:"Fossil Evidence, Terrestrialization and Arachnid Phylogeny"
1769:('four-cornered, checkered'). Found in New York and Ontario.
1034:, the oldest known species from the Llandovery of Scotland.
908:. Until recently, eurypterids were thought to belong to the
4158:"Palaeophysiology of terrestrialisation in the Chelicerata"
3904:
Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research
3481:
2670:
2312:
2008:
1728:. The species was named after the Norwegian paleontologist
728:. It contains the semicircular to subrectangular platelike
584:
579:
of their exoskeletons. In 1898, the Swedish paleontologist
367:
is by far the most well-studied and well-known eurypterid.
331:
3117:
from the Silurian (Pridoli) Bertie Group of North America"
2912:
2350:, using this type of propulsion is more energy-efficient.
471:). Mitchill interpreted the appendages on the carapace as
4324:
3645:
Lief Størmer (1955). "Merostomata". In C. Raymond (ed.).
3593:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
2365:
1763:. Its specific epithet means 'four-cornered', from Latin
319:
313:
3021:. New York State Library. April 27, 2009. Archived from
2794:
2685:
in modern continents from Gondwana are currently known.
1453:
University of Michigan Exhibit Museum of Natural History
4094:
Vrazo, Matthew B.; Ciurca, Samuel J. Jr. (2018-03-01).
3897:
3110:
3856:"A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives"
2580:(around 432 million years ago) to sometime during the
814:. The metasoma, meanwhile, do not possess Blattfüsse.
4335:
343:
334:
4074:"The story of one man's plight to make fossils swim"
2830:
325:
322:
3309:
1659:(?). Specimen recovered from eastern United States.
736:. They also possessed two smaller light-sensitive
363:period, from around 432 to 418 million years ago.
3942:. University of California Museum of Paleontology
3368:. Vol. 10. Grolier. 1983. pp. 708–709.
3121:Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History
2958:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
2887:. University of California Museum of Paleontology
2745:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
1044:sometime in the Llandovery. The following is the
374:There are fifteen species belonging to the genus
5238:
4288:
4257:
3477:
3475:
3079:
2588:. A span of only around 10 to 14 million years.
1961:. The specific name means 'smaller', from Latin
1854:numerous striations. The species is named after
4251:
2525:, however, were undoubtedly primarily aquatic.
4151:
4149:
4147:
3763:
3200:. Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg
3043:
2948:
2734:
2563:Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
583:separated these fossils from the bedrock with
4373:
4045:
3960:
3472:
3366:The Encyclopedia Americana: Egypt to Falsetto
3233:The fossil book: a record of prehistoric life
3883:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3644:
3583:
3530:Phillip L. Manning; Jason A. Dunlop (1995).
3305:
3303:
3256:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1888:Specific name means "large eye", from Greek
1582:'shield or bowl'). Specimens recovered from
916:. It is now believed that eurypterids are a
705:body is broadly divided into two parts: the
4291:"Commentary on a specimen of an Eurypterid"
4144:
4093:
3409:
3407:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3236:. Courier Dover Publications. p. 225.
1998:
1962:
1826:
1764:
1558:. Its name means 'shield head', from Greek
4380:
4366:
4227:
4225:
3382:
3279:
3190:
449:, from Jan Nieszkowski's 1858 dissertation
109:
4119:
4041:
4039:
3915:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3300:
3057:
3037:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2801:. Manson Publishing. pp. 74, 78–82.
2728:
1472:Amherst College Museum of Natural History
1423:State Museum of Natural History Karlsruhe
4156:Paul A. Selden; Andrew J. Jeram (1989).
3987:
3932:
3891:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3413:
3404:
3390:"Les scorpions de mer (les Eurypterida)"
3264:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2656:
2556:
2464:
2364:
2338:. This type is similar to that found in
2286:
1831:('lake'). Found in New York and Ontario.
1617:. Specimens recovered from New York and
1496:
1481:
1462:
1443:
1428:
1413:
985:
773:
763:-like arms used for tearing food apart (
627:
4222:
4066:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3638:
3532:"The respiratory organs of Eurypterids"
3525:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3217:
3215:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3180:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2782:
1807:Hall, 1859 – Silurian, USA & Canada
1798:Hall, 1859 – Silurian, USA & Canada
5239:
4036:
3863:The world spider catalog, version 11.5
3834:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3682:
3572:
3482:Jason A. Dunlop; Mark Webster (1999).
3147:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2899:
2160:('sawn '). Originally discovered from
1947:. It is the earliest known species of
1601:– Silurian, United States & Canada
1506:Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History
1491:Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History
492:identified the fossil correctly as an
5108:
5107:
4361:
3954:
3665:
3359:
3357:
2815:
2377:Trace fossil evidence indicates that
1817:fossils found. It is very similar to
1489:caparace from the collections of the
755:The first pair (Appendage I) are the
640:fossil (55.4 cm (21.8 in)).
4282:
3865:. American Museum of Natural History
3516:
3212:
3177:
2877:
2779:
2003:('adorned, ornate'). Recovered from
1438:Muséum national d'histoire naturelle
678:Paleontological Research Institution
559:. Another species was discovered in
4327:maintained by Samuel J. Ciurca, Jr.
3777:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
3722:
3284:. Eurypterids.co.uk. Archived from
3230:, & Thomas Hewitt Rich (1989).
3073:
2933:
2795:John R. Nudds; Paul Selden (2008).
778:Diagram showing anatomical features
13:
3917:10.1111/j.1439-0469.1979.tb00699.x
3898:P. Weygoldt; H. F. Paulus (2009).
3354:
3007:
2193:Eichwald, 1854 – Silurian, Ukraine
1038:is believed to have diverged from
14:
5308:
4312:
4293:. Eurypterids.net. Archived from
4266:. Eurypterids.net. Archived from
3088:. Eurypterids.net. Archived from
2584:(418.1 million years ago) of the
2206:Schmidt, 1883 – Silurian, Estonia
2179:– Silurian, Ukraine & Estonia
2097:(Ruedemann, 1916) – Silurian, USA
864:
5257:Paleontology in New York (state)
5090:
5089:
4786:
4345:
2699:) of individuals after molting (
2428:. They hunted small soft-bodied
1554:, the rest probably belonged to
880:. They are classified under the
435:
426:
309:
137:
41:
5272:Paleozoic life of New Brunswick
5079:Timeline of eurypterid research
4387:
4087:
3981:
3861:. In Norman I. Platnick (ed.).
3458:
3104:
3046:"Giant sea scorpion discovered"
2831:O.E. Tetlie; I. Rábano (2007).
2552:
2282:
820:The main respiratory organs of
3963:"The biomechanics of swimming"
2460:
2420:, equally likely to engage in
2322:An alternative hypothesis for
2108:length. It is very similar to
1957:and it may actually belong to
654:, however, were much smaller.
623:
445:Dorsal and ventral aspects of
406:, equally likely to engage in
378:, the most common of which is
16:Extinct genus of sea scorpions
1:
5297:Fossil taxa described in 1825
3766:"Two new Silurian species of
2722:
2173:Eurypterus tetragonophthalmus
1613:. The species is named after
1468:Eurypterus tetragonophthalmus
1342:Eurypterus tetragonophthalmus
912:Merostomata along with order
798:) is known as the pretelson.
674:University of Texas at Austin
447:Eurypterus tetragonophthalmus
5267:Eurypterids of North America
4321:maintained by James Lamsdell
2978:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.05.011
2885:"Eurypterida: Fossil Record"
2766:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.05.011
2245:
2233:
2221:
2137:(Jones & Woodward, 1888)
1908:
1896:
1879:Clarke & Ruedemann, 1912
1784:– Silurian, USA & Canada
1751:– Silurian, USA & Canada
1578:
1566:
990:Painting painted in 1912 by
858:
524:
512:
417:
274:
7:
5262:Symbols of New York (state)
2710:
2528:
2521:have yet to be discovered.
1813:One of the two most common
469:Westmoreland, Oneida County
10:
5313:
3940:"Eurypterida: Systematics"
3491:The Journal of Arachnology
2844:Boletín Geológico y Minero
2654:inland seas of Laurussia.
2622:, not to be confused with
2238:
2226:
2214:
1901:
1889:
1571:
1559:
1409:
1041:Dolichopterus macrocheirus
713:(in turn divided into the
518:
506:
500:and established the genus
5277:Paleozoic life of Nunavut
5116:
5087:
5066:
5040:
5006:
4876:
4833:
4795:
4784:
4746:
4728:
4710:
4682:
4671:
4643:
4625:
4607:
4596:
4564:
4541:
4518:
4500:
4489:
4481:List of eurypterid genera
4473:
4466:
4395:
4185:10.1017/s0263593300028741
4014:10.1017/S0263593300010543
3988:Plotnick, Roy E. (1985).
3797:10.1017/S1477201906001921
3701:10.1017/s0263593300003217
3595:. B 309 (1138): 219–226.
3332:10.1017/S0022336000041275
3015:"New York State Fossil –
2020:Eurypterus pittsfordensis
1630:Eurypterus flintstonensis
1502:Eurypterus pittsfordensis
1339:
1323:
1315:
1290:
1274:
1266:
1258:
1233:
1217:
1204:Eurypterus pittsfordensis
1201:
1193:
1185:
1169:
1153:
1137:
1121:
1113:
1097:
1089:
1073:
1065:
942:was the first recognized
288:
281:
271:
264:
253:
246:
134:Scientific classification
132:
117:
108:
23:
5282:Paleozoic life of Quebec
3683:Selden, Paul A. (1981).
3586:"Eurypterid respiration"
3424:10.1036/1097-8542.246600
2055:Kjellesvig-Waering, 1958
1796:Eurypterus pachycheirus
1749:Kjellesvig-Waering, 1958
1707:Eurypterus henningsmoeni
1326:Eurypterus henningsmoeni
531:However, De Kay thought
4239:. Paleobiology Database
3764:O. Erik Tetlie (2006).
3392:(in French). Paleopedia
3312:Journal of Paleontology
3044:Daniel Cressey (2007).
2949:O. Erik Tetlie (2007).
2915:Journal of Paleontology
2735:O. Erik Tetlie (2007).
2665:fossils have been found
2595:of the Earth, with the
2334:are enough to generate
2083:– Silurian, USA, Canada
1692:Steinsfjorden Formation
1655:. Probably named after
688:or another eurypterid.
647:Jaekelopterus rhenaniae
382:, the first eurypterid
3609:10.1098/rstb.1985.0081
3446:Cite journal requires
3082:"The size that common
2666:
2642:(and other members of
2566:
2477:
2374:
2306:. Modeling studies on
2296:
2155:
2119:
2113:
2051:Eurypterus quebecensis
1999:
1963:
1912:'eye'). Discovered in
1827:
1765:
1615:James Ellsworth De Kay
1537:Eurypterus cephalaspis
1509:
1494:
1479:
1460:
1441:
1426:
1023:
824:were what seems to be
782:The ophisthosoma (the
779:
641:
571:); it is now known as
490:James Ellsworth De Kay
5287:Eurypterids of Europe
5219:Paleobiology Database
4289:Samuel J. Ciurca Jr.
4258:Samuel J. Ciurca Jr.
3584:P. A. Selden (1985).
3080:Samuel J. Ciurca Jr.
3059:10.1038/news.2007.272
2660:
2560:
2543:E. tetragonophthalmus
2468:
2368:
2291:Subaqueous flight in
2290:
2249:'eye'). Found in the
1726:E. tetragonophthalmus
1500:
1485:
1466:
1447:
1432:
1417:
989:
777:
631:
616:by the then Governor
614:New York State Fossil
573:E. tetragonophthalmus
5252:Silurian eurypterids
4262:Eurypterus lacustris
3224:Mildred Adams Fenton
3133:10.3374/014.062.0101
2480:Examinations of the
2251:Rootsiküla Formation
2200:Eurypterus fischeri
1932:– Silurian, Scotland
1900:'big or large') and
1778:Eurypterus lacustris
1745:Eurypterus laculatus
1688:University of Tromsø
1293:Eurypterus lacustris
1172:Eurypterus laculatus
1054:phylogenetic studies
638:Eurypterus lacustris
553:Eurypterus lacustris
455:The first fossil of
4331:Fossil biomechanics
4177:1989EESTR..80..303S
4112:2018Palgy..61..235V
4006:1985EESTR..76..325P
3789:2006JSPal...4..397T
3601:1985RSPTB.309..219S
3324:1989JPal...63..642T
3282:"Eurypterid Basics"
3228:Carroll Lane Fenton
2970:2007PPP...252..557T
2758:2007PPP...252..557T
2717:List of eurypterids
2593:southern hemisphere
2482:respiratory systems
2443:were most probably
2384:Arcuites bertiensis
2191:Eurypterus fischeri
2133:Eurypterus serratus
2095:Carcinosoma trigona
1969:Reservoir Formation
1875:Eurypterus megalops
1840:Eurypterus leopoldi
1805:Eurypterus robustus
1730:Gunnar Henningsmoen
1657:Flintstone, Georgia
1543:– Silurian, England
1487:Eurypterus fischeri
1236:Eurypterus serratus
1220:Eurypterus leopoldi
612:was designated the
386:discovered and the
4609:Onychopterelloidea
4297:on August 15, 2011
4270:on August 15, 2011
4121:10.1111/pala.12336
4046:John W. Merck Jr.
3961:John W. Merck Jr.
3418:. Access Science.
3288:on August 15, 2011
3222:Pat Vickers Rich,
3157:Eurypterus remipes
3092:on August 15, 2011
3025:on October 3, 2008
3017:Eurypterus remipes
2667:
2567:
2478:
2476:in its environment
2437:by larger adults.
2418:generalist species
2375:
2297:
2139:– Silurian, Sweden
2077:Eurypterus remipes
2057:– Silurian, Canada
1984:Eurypterus ornatus
1846:– Silurian, Canada
1713:– Silurian, Norway
1674:– Silurian, Norway
1668:Eurypterus hankeni
1516:(if present), and
1510:
1495:
1480:
1461:
1442:
1427:
1277:Eurypterus remipes
1140:Eurypterus ornatus
1124:Eurypterus hankeni
1024:
836:sexually dimorphic
780:
642:
498:Eurypterus remipes
404:generalist species
255:Eurypterus remipes
5234:
5233:
5206:Open Tree of Life
5110:Taxon identifiers
5101:
5100:
4782:
4781:
4778:
4777:
4774:
4773:
4730:Adelophthalmoidea
4712:Waeringopteroidea
4684:Carcinosomatoidea
4617:Onychopterellidae
4592:
4591:
4210:on August 3, 2011
3658:978-0-8137-3016-5
3626:on August 3, 2011
3375:978-0-7172-0114-3
3243:978-0-486-29371-4
2808:978-1-84076-088-0
2629:The ancestors of
2328:subaqueous flight
2207:
2194:
2178:
2148:E. pittsfordensis
2138:
2098:
2082:
2056:
2025:
1989:
1931:
1880:
1860:Leopold Formation
1845:
1808:
1799:
1783:
1750:
1712:
1673:
1635:
1600:
1595:Eurypterus dekayi
1542:
1530:
1406:
1405:
1397:
1396:
1388:
1387:
1379:
1378:
1370:
1369:
1361:
1360:
1352:
1351:
1303:
1302:
1246:
1245:
1156:Eurypterus dekayi
1046:phylogenetic tree
992:Charles R. Knight
300:
299:
295:
242:
125:seen from above,
5304:
5292:Bertie Formation
5227:
5226:
5214:
5213:
5201:
5200:
5188:
5187:
5175:
5174:
5162:
5161:
5152:
5151:
5150:
5137:
5136:
5135:
5105:
5104:
5093:
5092:
5067:Related articles
5024:Merostomichnites
4790:
4738:Adelophthalmidae
4720:Waeringopteridae
4692:Carcinosomatidae
4680:
4679:
4663:Strobilopteridae
4605:
4604:
4579:Hibbertopteridae
4528:Parastylonuridae
4498:
4497:
4471:
4470:
4382:
4375:
4368:
4359:
4358:
4350:
4349:
4348:
4341:
4319:Eurypterid.co.uk
4307:
4306:
4304:
4302:
4286:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4275:
4255:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4244:
4229:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4209:
4203:. Archived from
4171:(3–4): 303–310.
4162:
4153:
4142:
4141:
4123:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4043:
4034:
4033:
4000:(2–3): 325–337.
3985:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3947:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3919:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3882:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3860:
3851:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3821:
3815:. Archived from
3774:
3761:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3680:
3663:
3662:
3642:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3625:
3619:. Archived from
3590:
3581:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3560:on March 9, 2012
3559:
3553:. Archived from
3536:
3527:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3488:
3479:
3470:
3469:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3449:
3444:
3442:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3411:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3361:
3352:
3351:
3307:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3280:James Lamsdell.
3277:
3262:
3261:
3255:
3247:
3219:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3199:
3191:Conrad Burkert.
3188:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3061:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3011:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2995:on July 18, 2011
2994:
2988:. Archived from
2964:(3–4): 557–574.
2955:
2946:
2931:
2930:
2921:(6): 1107–1148.
2910:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2865:on July 22, 2011
2864:
2858:. Archived from
2841:
2828:
2813:
2812:
2792:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2768:. Archived from
2752:(3–4): 557–574.
2741:
2732:
2661:Locations where
2636:invasive species
2565:Hall of Fossils.
2547:E. henningsmoeni
2470:Life restoration
2348:drag coefficient
2248:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2197:
2188:
2176:
2136:
2103:The most common
2092:
2080:
2054:
2023:
2002:
1987:
1966:
1929:
1926:Eurypterus minor
1916:, United States.
1911:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1878:
1843:
1830:
1802:
1793:
1781:
1768:
1748:
1710:
1671:
1633:
1609:very similar to
1598:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1540:
1528:
1520:are as follows:
1318:
1317:
1269:
1268:
1261:
1260:
1196:
1195:
1188:
1187:
1116:
1115:
1100:Eurypterus minor
1092:
1091:
1068:
1067:
1060:
1059:
527:
521:
520:
515:
509:
508:
461:Bertie Formation
439:
430:
351:) is an extinct
347:
341:
340:
337:
336:
333:
330:
327:
324:
321:
318:
315:
293:
238:
231:
218:
205:
192:
142:
141:
113:
103:
40:
29:Temporal range:
21:
20:
5312:
5311:
5307:
5306:
5305:
5303:
5302:
5301:
5237:
5236:
5235:
5230:
5222:
5217:
5209:
5204:
5196:
5191:
5183:
5178:
5170:
5165:
5157:
5155:
5146:
5145:
5140:
5131:
5130:
5125:
5112:
5102:
5097:
5083:
5062:
5053:Chasmataspidida
5036:
5002:
4899:Campylocephalus
4872:
4829:
4791:
4770:
4756:Hughmilleriidae
4742:
4724:
4706:
4697:Megalograptidae
4673:
4667:
4653:Dolichopteridae
4639:
4627:Moselopteroidea
4621:
4598:
4588:
4574:Drepanopteridae
4560:
4556:Hardieopteridae
4543:Kokomopteroidea
4537:
4514:
4491:
4485:
4462:
4391:
4386:
4356:
4346:
4344:
4336:
4325:Eurypterids.net
4315:
4310:
4300:
4298:
4287:
4283:
4273:
4271:
4256:
4252:
4242:
4240:
4231:
4230:
4223:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4160:
4154:
4145:
4092:
4088:
4078:
4076:
4072:
4071:
4067:
4057:
4055:
4044:
4037:
3986:
3982:
3972:
3970:
3959:
3955:
3945:
3943:
3938:
3937:
3933:
3896:
3892:
3876:
3875:
3868:
3866:
3858:
3852:
3835:
3825:
3823:
3822:on June 6, 2020
3819:
3772:
3762:
3723:
3713:
3711:
3681:
3666:
3659:
3643:
3639:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3588:
3582:
3573:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3534:
3528:
3517:
3507:
3505:
3486:
3480:
3473:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3447:
3445:
3436:
3435:
3428:
3426:
3412:
3405:
3395:
3393:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3376:
3363:
3362:
3355:
3308:
3301:
3291:
3289:
3278:
3265:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3220:
3213:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3189:
3178:
3168:
3166:
3165:on Oct 20, 2012
3153:
3152:
3148:
3109:
3105:
3095:
3093:
3078:
3074:
3064:
3062:
3042:
3038:
3028:
3026:
3013:
3012:
3008:
2998:
2996:
2992:
2953:
2947:
2934:
2911:
2900:
2890:
2888:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2839:
2829:
2816:
2809:
2793:
2780:
2772:
2739:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2713:
2693:rock formations
2618:(also known as
2586:Silurian period
2555:
2531:
2463:
2285:
2026:– Silurian, USA
1990:– Silurian, USA
1967:. Found in the
1959:Dolichopteridae
1881:– Silurian, USA
1864:Somerset Island
1690:. Found in the
1636:– Silurian, USA
1556:Hughmilleriidae
1412:
1407:
1398:
1389:
1380:
1371:
1362:
1353:
1304:
1247:
1076:Dolichopteridae
977:Baltoeurypterus
973:Baltoeurypterus
934:horseshoe crabs
873:belongs to the
867:
792:Eurypterus body
750:Arabic numerals
626:
569:E. remipes
565:Jan Nieszkowski
551:). Soon after,
453:
452:
451:
450:
442:
441:
440:
432:
431:
420:
345:
312:
308:
291:Baltoeurypterus
260:
257:
237:
229:
216:
203:
190:
136:
127:Museo Geominero
104:
102:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
36:432–418.1
35:
34:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5310:
5300:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5228:
5215:
5202:
5189:
5176:
5163:
5153:
5138:
5122:
5120:
5114:
5113:
5099:
5098:
5088:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5081:
5076:
5070:
5068:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5044:
5042:
5041:Related groups
5038:
5037:
5035:
5034:
5027:
5020:
5012:
5010:
5004:
5003:
5001:
5000:
4993:
4986:
4979:
4972:
4969:Onychopterella
4965:
4958:
4951:
4944:
4937:
4930:
4927:Hibbertopterus
4923:
4916:
4909:
4902:
4895:
4888:
4885:Adelophthalmus
4880:
4878:
4877:Notable genera
4874:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4839:
4837:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4801:
4799:
4793:
4792:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4752:
4750:
4748:Pterygotioidea
4744:
4743:
4741:
4740:
4734:
4732:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4722:
4716:
4714:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4688:
4686:
4677:
4675:Diploperculata
4669:
4668:
4666:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4649:
4647:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4637:
4635:Moselopteridae
4631:
4629:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4613:
4611:
4602:
4594:
4593:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4570:
4568:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4553:
4551:Kokomopteridae
4547:
4545:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4535:
4530:
4524:
4522:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4512:
4506:
4504:
4502:Rhenopteroidea
4495:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4483:
4477:
4475:
4468:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4451:
4442:
4433:
4424:
4415:
4409:
4403:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4385:
4384:
4377:
4370:
4362:
4355:
4354:
4334:
4333:
4328:
4322:
4314:
4313:External links
4311:
4309:
4308:
4281:
4250:
4221:
4143:
4106:(2): 235–252.
4086:
4065:
4035:
3980:
3953:
3931:
3910:(3): 177–200.
3890:
3833:
3783:(4): 397–412.
3721:
3664:
3657:
3637:
3571:
3545:(2): 287–297.
3515:
3471:
3457:
3448:|journal=
3414:Roy Plotnick.
3403:
3381:
3374:
3364:"Eurypterid".
3353:
3318:(5): 642–657.
3299:
3263:
3242:
3211:
3176:
3146:
3103:
3072:
3036:
3006:
2932:
2898:
2876:
2850:(1): 117–126.
2833:"Specimens of
2814:
2807:
2778:
2775:on 2011-07-18.
2726:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2712:
2709:
2597:supercontinent
2554:
2551:
2530:
2527:
2499:osmoregulation
2462:
2459:
2405:suggests that
2284:
2281:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2237:'angle'), and
2210:
2209:
2208:
2195:
2181:
2180:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2141:
2140:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2085:
2084:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2059:
2058:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2038:formations of
2028:
2027:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2012:
1992:
1991:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1973:Pentland Hills
1934:
1933:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1883:
1882:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1848:
1847:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1800:
1786:
1785:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1753:
1752:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1715:
1714:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1676:
1675:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1638:
1637:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1603:
1602:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1545:
1544:
1508:, Connecticut.
1493:, Connecticut.
1411:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1322:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1273:
1267:
1265:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1200:
1194:
1192:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1120:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1096:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1072:
1066:
1064:
1058:
866:
865:Classification
863:
859:sections below
672:in website of
625:
622:
557:Richard Harlan
543:which include
496:. He named it
444:
443:
434:
433:
425:
424:
423:
422:
421:
419:
416:
298:
297:
286:
285:
279:
278:
269:
268:
262:
261:
258:
251:
250:
244:
243:
227:
223:
222:
214:
210:
209:
201:
197:
196:
188:
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
130:
129:
118:Fossil of the
115:
114:
106:
105:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5309:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5247:Eurypteroidea
5245:
5244:
5242:
5225:
5220:
5216:
5212:
5207:
5203:
5199:
5194:
5190:
5186:
5181:
5177:
5173:
5168:
5164:
5160:
5154:
5149:
5143:
5139:
5134:
5128:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5119:
5115:
5111:
5106:
5096:
5086:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5065:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5039:
5033:
5032:
5028:
5026:
5025:
5021:
5019:
5018:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5009:
5005:
4999:
4998:
4994:
4992:
4991:
4987:
4985:
4984:
4980:
4978:
4977:
4976:Pentecopterus
4973:
4971:
4970:
4966:
4964:
4963:
4959:
4957:
4956:
4952:
4950:
4949:
4948:Megalograptus
4945:
4943:
4942:
4941:Jaekelopterus
4938:
4936:
4935:
4931:
4929:
4928:
4924:
4922:
4921:
4917:
4915:
4914:
4913:Drepanopterus
4910:
4908:
4907:
4903:
4901:
4900:
4896:
4894:
4893:
4892:Brachyopterus
4889:
4887:
4886:
4882:
4881:
4879:
4875:
4869:
4868:South America
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4858:North America
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4836:
4832:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4820:Carboniferous
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4798:
4797:Geochronology
4794:
4789:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4749:
4745:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4731:
4727:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4713:
4709:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4685:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4670:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4646:
4645:Eurypteroidea
4642:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4624:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4595:
4585:
4584:Mycteroptidae
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4567:
4566:Mycteropoidea
4563:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4544:
4540:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4521:
4520:Stylonuroidea
4517:
4511:
4510:Rhenopteridae
4508:
4507:
4505:
4503:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4488:
4482:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4472:
4469:
4465:
4459:
4458:Sclerophorata
4455:
4452:
4450:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4422:Euchelicerata
4419:
4416:
4414:
4410:
4408:
4404:
4402:
4398:
4397:
4394:
4390:
4383:
4378:
4376:
4371:
4369:
4364:
4363:
4360:
4353:
4343:
4342:
4339:
4332:
4329:
4326:
4323:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4296:
4292:
4285:
4269:
4265:
4263:
4254:
4238:
4236:
4228:
4226:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4159:
4152:
4150:
4148:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4100:Palaeontology
4097:
4090:
4075:
4069:
4054:on 2011-07-24
4053:
4049:
4042:
4040:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3984:
3969:on 2011-07-24
3968:
3964:
3957:
3941:
3935:
3927:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3894:
3886:
3880:
3864:
3857:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3771:
3769:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3728:
3726:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3669:
3660:
3654:
3650:
3649:
3641:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3587:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3539:Palaeontology
3533:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3485:
3478:
3476:
3467:
3461:
3453:
3440:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3416:"Eurypterida"
3410:
3408:
3391:
3385:
3377:
3371:
3367:
3360:
3358:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3306:
3304:
3287:
3283:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3259:
3253:
3245:
3239:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3225:
3218:
3216:
3196:
3195:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3164:
3160:
3158:
3150:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3116:
3107:
3091:
3087:
3085:
3076:
3060:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3040:
3024:
3020:
3018:
3010:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2952:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2886:
2880:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2838:
2836:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2810:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2746:
2738:
2731:
2727:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2664:
2659:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2644:Eurypteroidea
2641:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2594:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2582:Přídolí epoch
2579:
2576:
2572:
2564:
2561:Model in the
2559:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2510:
2508:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2458:
2455:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2436:
2431:
2430:invertebrates
2427:
2423:
2419:
2414:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2403:
2402:A. bertiensis
2398:
2397:water boatmen
2394:
2390:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2320:
2318:
2317:water beetles
2314:
2309:
2305:
2304:swimming crab
2301:
2294:
2289:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2273:pseudofossils
2270:
2266:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2217:
2211:
2205:
2204:rectangularis
2201:
2196:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2177:Fischer, 1839
2175:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1954:Dolichopterus
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1921:
1915:
1910:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1585:
1584:Herefordshire
1580:
1574:
1570:'head'), and
1568:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1477:
1476:Massachusetts
1473:
1469:
1465:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1402:
1401:
1393:
1392:
1384:
1383:
1375:
1374:
1366:
1365:
1357:
1356:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1320:
1319:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1271:
1270:
1263:
1262:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1198:
1197:
1190:
1189:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1117:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1094:
1093:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1070:
1069:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1030:derives from
1029:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1004:
999:
998:
997:Dolichopterus
993:
988:
984:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
965:
959:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
904:
900:
897:
893:
890:
886:
885:Eurypteroidea
883:
879:
876:
872:
862:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
839:
837:
833:
829:
827:
823:
818:
815:
813:
809:
805:
799:
797:
793:
787:
785:
776:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
753:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
734:compound eyes
731:
727:
722:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
699:
697:
693:
689:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
653:
649:
648:
639:
635:
630:
621:
619:
615:
611:
607:
605:
601:
600:North America
597:
592:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
545:fairy shrimps
542:
538:
534:
529:
526:
514:
503:
499:
495:
491:
486:
484:
483:
479:of the genus
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
448:
438:
429:
415:
413:
409:
405:
400:
395:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
372:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
349:
339:
306:
305:
296:
294:Størmer, 1973
292:
287:
284:
280:
277:
276:
270:
267:
263:
256:
252:
249:
245:
241:
236:
235:
228:
225:
224:
221:
215:
212:
211:
208:
207:Eurypteroidea
202:
200:Superfamily:
199:
198:
195:
189:
186:
185:
182:
179:
176:
175:
172:
169:
166:
165:
162:
159:
156:
155:
152:
149:
146:
145:
140:
135:
131:
128:
124:
121:
116:
112:
107:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
39:
32:
26:
22:
19:
5117:
5029:
5022:
5015:
4995:
4988:
4981:
4974:
4967:
4960:
4953:
4946:
4939:
4934:Hughmilleria
4932:
4925:
4919:
4918:
4911:
4904:
4897:
4890:
4883:
4766:Pterygotidae
4702:Mixopteridae
4658:Eurypteridae
4533:Stylonuridae
4453:
4444:
4435:
4426:
4417:
4352:Paleontology
4299:. Retrieved
4295:the original
4284:
4272:. Retrieved
4268:the original
4261:
4253:
4241:. Retrieved
4234:
4212:. Retrieved
4205:the original
4168:
4164:
4103:
4099:
4089:
4077:. Retrieved
4068:
4056:. Retrieved
4052:the original
3997:
3993:
3983:
3971:. Retrieved
3967:the original
3956:
3944:. Retrieved
3934:
3907:
3903:
3893:
3867:. Retrieved
3862:
3824:. Retrieved
3817:the original
3780:
3776:
3767:
3712:. Retrieved
3692:
3688:
3647:
3640:
3628:. Retrieved
3621:the original
3592:
3562:. Retrieved
3555:the original
3542:
3538:
3506:. Retrieved
3494:
3490:
3460:
3439:cite journal
3427:. Retrieved
3394:. Retrieved
3384:
3365:
3315:
3311:
3290:. Retrieved
3286:the original
3232:
3202:. Retrieved
3193:
3167:. Retrieved
3163:the original
3156:
3149:
3124:
3120:
3114:
3106:
3094:. Retrieved
3090:the original
3083:
3075:
3063:. Retrieved
3049:
3039:
3027:. Retrieved
3023:the original
3016:
3009:
2997:. Retrieved
2990:the original
2961:
2957:
2918:
2914:
2889:. Retrieved
2879:
2867:. Retrieved
2860:the original
2847:
2843:
2834:
2797:
2770:the original
2749:
2743:
2730:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2678:
2668:
2662:
2639:
2630:
2628:
2590:
2570:
2568:
2553:Paleoecology
2546:
2542:
2534:
2532:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2507:vascularized
2503:
2494:
2489:
2485:
2479:
2473:
2448:
2440:
2439:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2400:
2393:Lagerstatten
2389:ichnospecies
2382:
2378:
2376:
2370:
2354:
2352:
2323:
2321:
2307:
2299:
2298:
2292:
2283:Paleobiology
2276:
2264:
2262:
2203:
2199:
2190:
2172:
2171:
2151:
2147:
2132:
2131:
2118:('oar') and
2110:E. lacustris
2109:
2104:
2094:
2076:
2075:
2050:
2049:
2036:Salina shale
2019:
2018:
1988:Leutze, 1958
1983:
1982:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1930:Laurie, 1899
1925:
1924:
1874:
1873:
1856:Port Leopold
1844:Tetlie, 2006
1839:
1838:
1823:E. lacustris
1822:
1818:
1814:
1804:
1795:
1782:Harlan, 1834
1777:
1776:
1760:
1744:
1743:
1725:
1720:
1711:Tetlie, 2002
1706:
1705:
1682:
1672:Tetlie, 2006
1667:
1666:
1653:E. lacustris
1652:
1648:
1634:Swartz, 1923
1629:
1628:
1611:E. laculatus
1610:
1594:
1593:
1551:
1541:Salter, 1856
1536:
1535:
1529:De Kay, 1825
1524:
1523:
1522:
1518:distribution
1511:
1501:
1486:
1467:
1448:
1434:E. lacustris
1433:
1418:
1341:
1340:
1325:
1324:
1292:
1291:
1276:
1275:
1235:
1234:
1219:
1218:
1203:
1202:
1171:
1170:
1155:
1154:
1139:
1138:
1123:
1122:
1099:
1098:
1074:
1049:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1019:Hughmilleria
1017:
1013:
1007:
1001:
995:
980:
976:
972:
968:
962:
960:
952:Stylonuridae
948:Pterygotidae
939:
938:
924:, closer to
918:sister group
878:Eurypteridae
870:
868:
854:
846:
840:
831:
830:
821:
819:
816:
811:
803:
800:
791:
788:
781:
754:
740:(the median
723:
702:
700:
691:
690:
685:
681:
669:
662:E. lacustris
661:
657:
656:
651:
645:
643:
637:
633:
609:
608:
603:
593:
581:Gerhard Holm
572:
568:
552:
539:(a group of
532:
530:
516:'wide') and
501:
497:
487:
480:
456:
454:
446:
398:
396:
388:state fossil
379:
375:
373:
368:
364:
303:
302:
301:
290:
289:
272:
259:De Kay, 1825
254:
248:Type species
240:De Kay, 1825
233:
232:
220:Eurypteridae
122:
120:type species
24:
18:
5193:iNaturalist
5142:Wikispecies
5031:Palmichnium
5008:Ichnogenera
4906:Carcinosoma
4600:Eurypterina
4493:Stylonurina
4431:Prosomapoda
4413:Chelicerata
4411:Subphylum:
4389:Eurypterids
3714:February 9,
3127:(1): 3–13.
2652:hypersaline
2569:Members of
2461:Respiration
2435:cannibalism
2340:sea turtles
2269:crustaceans
2152:E. leopoldi
2146:Similar to
2081:DeKay, 1825
2042:, New York.
2024:Sarle, 1903
1975:, Scotland.
1732:. Found in
1643:Probably a
964:Erieopterus
958:developed.
906:Chelicerata
899:Eurypterida
892:Eurypterina
882:superfamily
843:exoskeleton
796:postabdomen
769:spiniferous
765:mastication
738:simple eyes
711:opisthosoma
624:Description
618:Mario Cuomo
563:in 1858 by
549:water fleas
541:crustaceans
537:branchiopod
397:Members of
194:Eurypterida
181:Chelicerata
177:Subphylum:
5241:Categories
5148:Eurypterus
5118:Eurypterus
4997:Stylonurus
4983:Pterygotus
4962:Mixopterus
4955:Megarachne
4920:Eurypterus
4805:Ordovician
4761:Slimonidae
4672:Infraorder
4449:Dekatriata
4440:Planaterga
4407:Arthropoda
4235:Eurypterus
3768:Eurypterus
3115:Eurypterus
3084:Eurypterus
2835:Eurypterus
2723:References
2689:Eurypterus
2683:Eurypterus
2679:Eurypterus
2663:Eurypterus
2640:Eurypterus
2631:Eurypterus
2620:Euramerica
2575:Llandovery
2571:Eurypterus
2535:Eurypterus
2523:Eurypterus
2519:Eurypterus
2515:Eurypterus
2495:Eurypterus
2490:Eurypterus
2486:Eurypterus
2474:Eurypterus
2449:Eurypterus
2441:Eurypterus
2426:scavenging
2413:Eurypterus
2407:Eurypterus
2379:Eurypterus
2371:Eurypterus
2369:Rowing in
2360:sea otters
2355:Eurypterus
2332:hydrofoils
2324:Eurypterus
2308:Eurypterus
2300:Eurypterus
2293:Eurypterus
2265:Eurypterus
2246:ophthalmos
2105:Eurypterus
1949:Eurypterus
1945:Eurypterus
1941:Eurypterus
1819:E. remipes
1815:Eurypterus
1721:Eurypterus
1683:Eurypterus
1649:E. remipes
1599:Hall, 1859
1586:, England.
1552:Eurypterus
1525:Eurypterus
1425:, Germany.
1419:E. remipes
1050:Eurypterus
1028:Eurypterus
1026:The genus
1014:Eurypterus
1009:Stylonurus
981:Eurypterus
979:back into
969:Eurypterus
940:Eurypterus
901:, and the
871:Eurypterus
869:The genus
855:Eurypterus
847:Eurypterus
832:Eurypterus
826:book gills
822:Eurypterus
812:Eurypterus
804:Eurypterus
757:chelicerae
746:appendages
703:Eurypterus
692:Eurypterus
686:E. remipes
682:Eurypterus
670:E. remipes
658:E. remipes
652:Eurypterus
634:E. remipes
610:E. remipes
604:Eurypterus
589:morphology
533:Eurypterus
502:Eurypterus
457:Eurypterus
412:scavenging
399:Eurypterus
380:E. remipes
376:Eurypterus
369:Eurypterus
365:Eurypterus
357:eurypterid
304:Eurypterus
234:Eurypterus
171:Arthropoda
123:E. remipes
25:Eurypterus
5156:ButMoth:
5074:Metastoma
5058:Xiphosura
5048:Arachnida
4835:Geography
4399:Kingdom:
4193:0263-5933
4138:133765946
4130:1475-4983
4022:1755-6929
3926:1439-0469
3879:cite book
3805:1478-0941
3617:0080-4622
3551:0031-0239
3503:0161-8202
3497:: 86–93.
3340:0022-3360
3252:cite book
3141:233015695
3113:"A giant
2986:0031-0182
2927:0022-3360
2856:0366-0176
2705:carcasses
2616:Laurussia
2612:Laurentia
2539:parabolic
2533:Juvenile
2422:predation
2344:sea lions
2225:'four'),
2164:, Sweden.
2068:, Canada.
2040:Pittsford
1866:, Canada.
1766:laculatus
1761:E. dekayi
1736:, Norway.
1698:, Norway.
1696:Ringerike
1470:from the
1451:from the
1449:E. dekayi
1440:, France.
1436:from the
1421:from the
1052:based on
1003:Eusarcana
926:scorpions
922:Arachnida
914:Xiphosura
903:subphylum
620:in 1984.
602:. Today,
528:'wing').
494:arthropod
418:Discovery
408:predation
157:Kingdom:
151:Eukaryota
5133:Q2143015
5127:Wikidata
5095:Category
5017:Arcuites
4990:Slimonia
4815:Devonian
4810:Silurian
4597:Suborder
4490:Suborder
4467:Taxonomy
4405:Phylum:
4401:Animalia
4201:84851238
4030:85908528
3813:83519549
3709:87664903
3695:: 9–48.
3348:46953627
3159:NPL4415"
2711:See also
2624:Laurasia
2604:Avalonia
2600:Gondwana
2529:Ontogeny
2279:(2011).
2255:Saaremaa
2240:ὀφθαλμός
2222:tessares
2216:τέσσαρες
2157:serrātus
1914:New York
1858:and the
1514:synonyms
1457:Michigan
1036:E. minor
1032:E. minor
956:taxonomy
932:than to
889:suborder
759:, small
730:carapace
719:metasoma
717:and the
715:mesosoma
709:and the
696:windrows
465:New York
392:New York
361:Silurian
283:Synonyms
213:Family:
167:Phylum:
161:Animalia
147:Domain:
31:Silurian
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