World Values Survey

1434:, is the official online paper series of the World Values Survey Association. The series is edited by the executive committee of the Association. WVR publishes research papers of high scientific standards based on evidence from World Values Surveys data. Papers in WVR follow good academic practice and abide to ethical norms in line with the mission of the World Values Survey Association. Publication of submitted papers is pending on an internal review by the executive committee of the World Values Survey Association. WVR papers present original research based on data from the World Values Surveys, providing new evidence and novel insights of theoretical relevance to the theme of human values. An archive of published WVR papers is available on the project's website. 1271:

a specific check-list. Internal consistency checks are made between the sampling design and the outcome and rigorous data cleaning procedures are followed at the WVS data archive. No country is included in a wave before full documentation has been delivered. This means a data set with the completed methodological questionnaire. and a report of country-specific information (for example important political events during the fieldwork, problems particular to the country). Once all the surveys are completed, the Principal Investigator has access to all surveys and data.

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committee representing all regions of the world. The committee is also supported by a Scientific Advisory Committee, a Secretariat and an Archive. The WVS Executive Committee provides leadership and strategic planning for the association. It is responsible for the recruitment of new members, the organization of meetings and workshops, data processing and distribution, capacity building and the promotion of publications and dissemination of results. The WVS Executive Committee also raises funds for central functions and assists member groups in their fundraising.

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among older generations, particularly in societies that had experienced rapid economic growth. To examine whether changes were actually taking place in these values and to analyze the underlying causes, a second wave of WVS surveys was carried out in 1990–91. Because these changes seem to be linked with economic and technological development, it was important to include societies across the entire range of development, from low income societies to rich societies.

77: 193: 36: 134: 1013:. The critical-liberal desire for democracy is a formidable force of democratic reforms. And, it is the best available predictor of a country's effective level of democracy and of other indicators of good governance. Neither democratic traditions nor cognitive mobilization account for the strong positive impact of emancipative values on the critical-liberal desire for democracy. 636:. He provided measurements for those values using World Values Survey data. Emancipative values are an updated version of self-expression values. Secular values are an updated version of traditional versus secular rational values. The survival versus self-expression values and the traditional versus secular rational values were factors extracted with an orthogonal technique of 678:, and can consequently be observed especially in countries with a long history of social democratic or socialistic policy, and in countries where a large portion of the population have studied philosophy and science at universities. Survival values are characteristic for eastern-world countries and self-expression values for western-world countries. In a liberal 640:, which forbids the two scales from correlating with each other. The emancipative and secular values are measured in such a way as to represent the data as faithfully as possible even if this results in a correlation between the scales. The secular and emancipative values indices are positively correlated with each other. 1283:

Each research team that has contributed to the survey analyses the findings according to its hypotheses. Because all researchers obtain data from all of the participating societies, they are also able to compare the values and beliefs of the people of their own society with those from scores of other

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or phone interviews for remote areas. Each country has a Principal Investigator (social scientists working in academic institutions) who is responsible for conducting the survey in accordance with the fixed rules and procedures. During the field work, the agency has to report in writing according to

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The WVS has shown that from 1981 to 2007 happiness rose in 45 of the 52 countries for which long-term data are available. Since 1981, economic development, democratization, and rising social tolerance have increased the extent to which people perceive that they have free choice, which in turn has led

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societies and to test alternative hypotheses. In addition, the participants are invited to international meetings at which they can compare findings and interpretations with other members of the WVS network. The findings are then disseminated through international conferences and joint publications.

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Findings from the first wave of surveys pointed to the conclusion that intergenerational changes were taking place in basic values relating to politics, economic life, religion, gender roles, family norms and sexual norms. The values of younger generations differed consistently from those prevailing

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The questionnaire is translated into the various national languages and in many cases independently translated back to English to check the accuracy of the translation. In most countries, the translated questionnaire is pre-tested to help identify questions for which the translation is problematic.

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is developed in English. Since the start in 1981 each successive wave has covered a broader range of societies than the previous one. Analysis of the data from each wave has indicated that certain questions tapped interesting and important concepts while others were of little value. This has led to

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The World Values Survey group works with leading social scientists, recruited from each society studied. They represent a wide range of cultures and perspectives which makes it possible to draw on the insights of well-informed insiders in interpreting the findings. It also helps disseminate social

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Following the sampling, each country is left with a representative national sample of its public. These persons are then interviewed during a limited time frame decided by the executive committee of the World Values Survey using the uniformly structured questionnaires. The survey is carried out by

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The World Values Survey is organised as a network of social scientists coordinated by a central body - the World Values Survey Association. It is established as a non-profit organization seated in Stockholm, Sweden, with a constitution and mission statement. The project is guided by an executive

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in emphasis, with little representation in Africa and South-East Asia. To expand, the WVS adopted a decentralised structure, in which social scientists from countries throughout the world participated in the design, execution and analysis of the data, and in publication of findings. In return for

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A third wave of surveys was carried out in 1995–97, this time in 55 societies and with increased attention being given to analysing the cultural conditions for democracy. A fourth wave of surveys was carried out in 1999–2001 in 65 societies. A key goal was to obtain better coverage of African and

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Objective factors that have been found to favour democracy (including economic prosperity, income equality, ethnic homogeneity, world market integration, global media exposure, closeness to democratic neighbours, a Protestant heritage, social capital and so forth) exert an influence on democracy

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with mass demands for increasingly democratic institutions. Although a majority of the world's population still believes that men make better political leaders than women, this view is fading in advanced industrialized societies, and also among young people in less prosperous countries.

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Each national team is responsible for its own expenses and most surveys are financed by local sources. However, central funding has been obtained in cases where local funding is not possible. Presently, the activities of the WVS Secretariat and WVS Executive Committee are funded by the

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The emancipative consequences of the human empowerment process are not a culture-specific peculiarity of the 'West.' The same empowerment processes that advance emancipative values and a critical-liberal desire for democracy in the 'West,' do the same in the 'East' and in other culture

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The data from the World Values Survey cover several important aspects of people's religious orientation. One of them tracks how involved people are in religious services and how much importance they attach to their religious beliefs. In the data from 2000, 98% of the public in

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emphasize the importance of religion, parent-child ties, deference to authority and traditional family values. People who embrace these values also reject divorce, abortion, euthanasia and suicide. These societies have high levels of national pride and a nationalistic outlook.

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The growing globalization of the world makes it increasingly important to understand ... diversity. People with varying beliefs and values can live together and work together productively, but for this to happen it is crucial to understand and appreciate their distinctive

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only three percent considered religion very important. Another aspect concerns people's attitudes towards the relation between religion and politics and whether they approve of religious spokesmen who try to influence government decisions and people's voting preferences.

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can be an important positive asset for society. Negative phenomena, like the distrust in the state of law; the shadow economy; the distance from altruistic values; a growing fatigue of democracy; and the lack of entrepreneurial spirit are all correlated with the loss of

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The global cultural map shows how scores of societies are located on these two dimensions. Moving upward on this map reflects the shift from Traditional values to Secular-rational and moving rightward reflects the shift from Survival values to Self-expression values.

883:. The strongest emphasis on traditional values and survival values is found in the Islamic societies of the Middle East. By contrast, the strongest emphasis on secular-rational values and self-expression values is found in the Protestant societies of Northern Europe. 283: 847:

On the second dimension, survival values involve a priority of security over liberty, non-acceptance of homosexuality, abstinence from political action, distrust in outsiders and a weak sense of happiness. Self-expression values imply the opposite on all these

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The social dominance of Islam and individual identification as Muslim both weaken emancipative values. But among young Muslims with high education, and especially among young Muslim women with high education, the Muslim/Non-Muslim gap over emancipative values

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of how entire groups of societies entered modernity. These pathways account for people's different senses of existential security and individual agency, which in turn account for their different emphases on secular-rational values and self-expression

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A 2013 analysis noted the number of people in various countries responding that they would prefer not to have neighbors of the different race ranged from below 5% in many countries to 51.4% in Jordan, with wide variation in Europe.

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as its mode of data collection, a systematic and standardized approach to collect information through interviewing representative national samples of individuals. The basic stages of a sample survey are Questionnaire design;

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have the opposite preferences to the traditional values. These societies place less emphasis on religion, traditional family values and authority. Divorce, abortion, euthanasia and suicide are seen as relatively acceptable.

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with promax rotation of 78 variables from 45 countries with complete data, and also calculated performance indices for the 45 countries with complete data and the nine main global religious denominations. On this account,

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The World Values Surveys were designed to test the hypothesis that economic and technological changes are transforming the basic values and motivations of the publics of industrialized societies. The surveys build on the

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The WVS network has produced over 300 publications in 20 languages and secondary users have produced several thousand additional publications. The database of the WVS has been published on the internet with free access.

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Emancipative values change people's life strategy from an emphasis on securing a decent subsistence level to enhancing human agency. As the shift from subsistence to agency affects entire societies, the overall level of

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For one, emancipative values make people's understanding of democracy more liberal: people with stronger emancipative values emphasize the empowering features of democracy rather than bread-and-butter and law-and-order

909:-societal differences. On a global scale, basic living conditions differ still much more between than within societies, and so do the experiences of existential security and individual agency that shape people's values. 987:

Emancipative values exert these effects because they encourage mass actions that put power holders under pressures to sustain, substantiate or establish democracy, depending on what the current challenge for democracy

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Next, emancipative values make people assess the level of their country's democracy more critically: people with stronger emancipative values rather underrate than overrate their country's democratic performance.

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The World Values Survey data has been downloaded by over 100,000 researchers, journalists, policy-makers and others. The data is available on the WVS website which contains tools developed for online analysis.

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is used to obtain representative national samples. In the first stages, a random selection of sampling points is made based on the given society statistical regions, districts, census units, election sections,

1073:. The 1981 study was largely limited to developed societies, but interest in this project spread so widely that surveys were carried out in more than twenty countries, located on all six inhabited continents. 897:

Generally speaking, groups whose living conditions provide people with a stronger sense of existential security and individual agency nurture a stronger emphasis on secular-rational values and self-expression

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give high priority to environmental protection, growing tolerance of foreigners, gays and lesbians and gender equality, and rising demands for participation in decision-making in economic and political life.

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providing the data from a survey in their own society, each group obtained immediate access to the data from all participating societies enabling them to analyse social change in a broader perspective.

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On the first dimension, traditional values emphasize religiosity, national pride, respect for authority, obedience and marriage. Secular-rational values emphasize the opposite on each of these accounts.

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Following the 'revised theory of modernization,' values change in predictable ways with certain aspects of modernity. People's priorities shift from traditional to secular-rational values as their

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However, the attitudes among the population are also highly correlated with the philosophical, political and religious ideas that have been dominating in the country. Secular-rational values and

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According to the 2017-2020 world values survey, 95% of Chinese respondents have significant confidence in their government, compared with the world average of 45% government satisfaction.

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played a leading role in extending these surveys to be carried out in countries around the world. Today the network includes hundreds of social scientist from more than 100 countries.

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Welzel, C; Inglehart, Ronald; Deutsch, F (2005), "Social Capital, Voluntary Associations, and Collective Action: Which Aspects of Social Capital Have the Greatest 'Civic' Payoff?",

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Samples are drawn from the entire population of 18 years and older. The minimum sample is 1000. In most countries, no upper age limit is imposed and some form of stratified random

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of women. Economic, religious, and institutional factors that have been found to advance women's empowerment, do so for the most part because they nurture emancipative values.

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Emancipative values do not strengthen people's desire for democracy, for the desire for democracy is universal at this point in history. But emancipative values do change the

148: 2839: 2776: 1844: 919:—combines an emphasis on freedom of choice and equality of opportunities. Emancipative values, thus, involve priorities for lifestyle liberty, gender equality, personal 2118: 745:

starting from 2019. The index has four components, measuring gender attitudes in politics, education and economy as well as social norms related to domestic violence.

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Islamic societies, which had been under-represented in previous surveys. A fifth wave was carried out in 2005–07 and a sixth wave was carried out during 2011–12.

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As the cultural component of human empowerment, emancipative values are highly consequential in manifold ways. For one, emancipative values establish a

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Values also differ within societies along such cleavage lines as gender, generation, ethnicity, religious denomination, education, income and so forth.

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that activates societies, makes publics more self-expressive, and vitalizes civil society. Emancipative values advance entire societies' civic agency.

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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290349218_The_political_algebra_of_global_value_change_General_models_and_implications_for_the_Muslim_world

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the more useful questions or themes being replicated in future waves while the less useful ones have been dropped making room for new questions.

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The World Values Survey data has been used in a large number of scholarly publications and the findings have been reported in media such as

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The political algebra of global value change. General models and implications for the Muslim world. With Almas Heshmati and Hichem Karoui

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The surveys are repeated in waves with intervals of 5 to 10 years. The waves have been carried out in the years listed in this table:

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Destabilizing forces and resilience in the current world crisis : comparisons of global opinion data and a Middle East analysis

3383: 952:. As an entity, human empowerment tends to advance in virtuous spirals or to recede in vicious spirals on each of its three levels. 3828: 933:

If set in motion, human empowerment advances on three levels. On the socio-economic level, human empowerment advances as growing

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increase people's aspirations to exercise freedoms. On the legal-institutional level, human empowerment advances as widened

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increases (or backwards from secular-rational values to traditional values as their sense of existential security decreases).

17: 2126: 734: 49: 3342:"Why Europe has to offer a better deal towards its Muslim communities. A quantitative analysis of open international data" 2422: 1257:

of these Primary Sampling Units are taken into account. In some countries, individuals are drawn from national registers.

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For each wave, suggestions for questions are solicited by social scientists from all over the world and a final master

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increase people's capabilities to exercise freedoms. On the socio-cultural level, human empowerment advances as rising

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Much of the variation in human values between societies boils down to two broad dimensions: a first dimension of “

3958: 3905: 2051:"The growing anti-Americanism around the World can be explained by the special character of American nationalism" 2033: 1923: 1518: 775: 212: 156: 93: 2517: 3963: 3895: 3890: 2495: 430:, how they change over time, and what social and political impact they have. Since 1981 a worldwide network of 86: 3013:

Esmer, Y (2004), Inglehart, Ronald; Basanez, Miguel; Diez-Medrano, Jaime; Halman, Loek; Luijkx, Ruud (eds.),

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increases (or backwards from self-expression values to survival as the sense of individual agency decreases).

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Societies that have high scores in Traditional and Survival values: Zimbabwe, Morocco, Jordan, Bangladesh.

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Societies with high scores in Secular-rational and Survival values: Russia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Estonia.

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Societies with high scores in Traditional and Self-expression values: Most of Latin America, Ireland.

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Welzel, C; Inglehart, Ronald (2010), "Values, Agency, and Well-Being: A Human Development Model",

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Inglehart, Ronald; Basanez, Miguel; Diez-Medrano, Jaime; Halman, Loek; Luijkx, Ruud, eds. (2004),

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Tausch A. (2015) Towards new maps of global human values, based on World Values Survey (6) data.

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may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience

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Welzel, C (2011), "The Asian Values Thesis Revisited: Evidence from the World Values Surveys",

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If emancipative values grow strong in countries that are undemocratic, they help to trigger

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Human Beliefs and Values: A cross-cultural sourcebook based on the 1999–2002 values surveys

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Human Beliefs and Values: A cross-cultural sourcebook based on the 1999–2002 values surveys

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and central population registers. In most countries the population size and/or degree of

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In some cases certain problematic questions are omitted from the national questionnaire.

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The index measures attitudes toward gender equality worldwide and was introduced in the

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asserts that there are two major dimensions of cross cultural variation in the world:

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Welzel, C (March 2010), "How Selfish Are Self-Expression Values: A Civicness Test",

1885: 905:-societal differences in people's values are dwarfed by a factor five to ten by the 3778: 3591: 3439: 3328: 3297: 3289: 3253: 3222: 3214: 3171: 3142: 3113: 2905: 2874: 1545: 1468: 1074: 701: 660: 563: 559: 486: 470: 419: 383: 1616: 973:

If emancipative values grow strong in countries that are democratic, they help to

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Emancipative values constitute the key cultural component of a broader process of

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Societies with high scores in Secular-rational and Self-expression values: Japan,

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Emancipative values constitute the single most important factor in advancing the

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place emphasis on economic and physical security. It is linked with a relatively

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It may require cleanup to comply with Knowledge's content policies, particularly

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Welzel, C; Inglehart, Ronald (2008), "Democratization as Human Empowerment",

3146: 3117: 2840:"A fascinating map of the world's most and least racially tolerant countries" 2613:"Danes still the happiest, even if they won´t say hello at the grocery store" 1448: 1443: 1391: 1250: 1224: 1199: 801: 462: 3293: 2987:"Islam and Patriarchy: How Robust is Muslim Support for Patriarchal Values?" 401: 155:

any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against

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A fascinating map of the world’s most and least racially tolerant countries

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United Nations Development Programme. 2020 Human Development Perspectives.

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Due to the European origin of the project, the early waves of the WVS were

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The value differences between societies around the world show a pronounced

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People's priorities shift from survival to self-expression values as their

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that favours out-group trust and cosmopolitan orientations towards others.

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Members: Pippa Norris (US), Marta Lagos (Chile), Eduard Ponarin (Russia)

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Tausch, Arno; Bischof, Christian; Kastrun, Tomz; Mueller, Karl (2006),

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Changing Mass Priorities: The Link between Modernization and Democracy

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Vice President: Alejandro Moreno (Mexico), Christian Welzel (Germany)

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Inglehart, Ronald F. (2018). "Chapter 3. Global Cultural Patterns".

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emerge as most closely combining religion and the traditions of the

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to higher levels of happiness around the world, which supports the

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entity of empowering capabilities, aspirations, and entitlements

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A somewhat simplified analysis is that following an increase in

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The official archive of the World Values Survey is located in

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said that religion was very important in their lives while in

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Tackling social norms: A game changer for gender inequalities

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The largest increase in existential security occurs with the

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mostly insofar as these factors favour emancipative values.

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The largest increase in individual agency occurs with the

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Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey

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The New China Playbook: Beyond Socialism and Capitalism

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The WVS has over the years demonstrated that people's

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A major contributor to this article appears to have a

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Welzel, C; Inglehart, Ronald; Klingemann, HD (2003),

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The WVS measures, monitors and analyzes: support for

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Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency

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increase people's entitlements to exercise freedoms.

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of the latest wave (6) of World Values Survey data,

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European Society for Opinion and Marketing Research

3060:(1st ed.). Nova Science Publishers, New York. 2969:"Empowering Women: The Role of Emancipative Values" 2951: 1572: 533:, and the extent to which societies have effective 2955:The Origins of Gender roles — Women and the Plough 811: 782:and religious values in the research tradition of 708:, Germany, Switzerland, Czechia, Slovenia, France. 558:Analysis of WVS data made by political scientists 1919:Building A Worldwide Network Of Social Scientists 1260: 886:These culture zone differences reflect different 874:transition from industrial to knowledge societies 3925: 3850:American Association for Public Opinion Research 3809:National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 3327:Tausch, Arno; Heshmati, Almas (September 2009), 2817:"Faith no more does little good for the society" 2423:"Rasizm na świecie - zaskakujące wyniki badania" 2196:"Western nations with social safety net happier" 1422:World Values Paper Series: World Values Research 1324:Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science 860:transition from agrarian to industrial societies 717:Findings from the WVS indicate that support for 540: 207:, potentially preventing the article from being 3204: 3190: 3040: 3030: 2984: 2966: 1883: 1832: 1808: 1746: 1734: 1719: 1704: 1670: 1633:"Is Denmark the happiest country in the world?" 1617:https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/63349.html 1009:Together, then, emancipative values generate a 778:) found that family values in the tradition of 616:outlook and low levels of trust and tolerance. 3804:List of household surveys in the United States 3326: 1266:professional organizations using face-to-face 3870:World Association for Public Opinion Research 3377: 652:, and a transit from development country via 3819:Suffolk University Political Research Center 3033:Modernization, Cultural Change and Democracy 2800:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2656:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2239:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 912:A specific subset of self-expression values— 628:Christian Welzel introduced the concepts of 389:Archive Director: Jaime Diez-Medrano (Spain) 2900: 2898: 2748: 2636:"Happiness viewpoint: It doesn´t take much" 2588: 2119:"Why Saudi Arabia is the next South Africa" 1426:World Values Research (WVR), registered as 1310:. Other funding has been obtained from the 64:Learn how and when to remove these messages 3391: 3384: 3370: 2863: 2173:"Wealth is Poor Predictor of Green Values" 2048: 1626: 1624: 1544:. Cambridge University Press. p. 47. 554:Inglehart–Welzel cultural map of the world 227:reliable, independent, third-party sources 3301: 3226: 2952:Alesina, A; Giuliano, P; Nunn, N (2010), 2696: 2518:"Radicals, reactionaries, and the fourth" 2279:"Das globale Rathaus: Bürgergesellschaft" 1539: 1508: 1506: 1504: 1502: 1500: 1296: 829:Some of the survey's basic findings are: 263:Learn how and when to remove this message 245:Learn how and when to remove this message 175:Learn how and when to remove this message 116:Learn how and when to remove this message 2895: 2725:"Images spark racism debate in Thailand" 2542: 2398: 2328: 2276: 2253: 2194:Radcliff, Benjamin (25 September 2013). 2193: 2125:. Bloomberg Businessweek. Archived from 1912: 1910: 1908: 1906: 733:World Values Survey data is used by the 670:were formulated by philosophers and the 544: 438:as part of WVS in almost 100 countries. 221:by replacing them with more appropriate 3829:Quinnipiac University Polling Institute 3079:Tausch, Arno; Neriyah, Jacques (2023), 2814: 2722: 2699:"The world is becoming a happier place" 2443: 2302: 2170: 1877: 1688:Welzel, Inglehart & Klingemann 2003 1621: 1218: 835:traditional vs. secular-rational values 434:have conducted representative national 367:President: Christian Haerpfer (Austria) 341:, Sweden (Institute for Future Studies) 204:too closely associated with the subject 14: 3926: 3814:New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study 3761:Comparative Study of Electoral Systems 3282:European Journal of Political Research 3161: 3132: 3106:International Political Science Review 3096: 3055: 2774: 2633: 2565: 2378:"Dania najszczęśliwszym krajem świata" 2071: 1820: 1789: 1758: 1497: 1318:(SIDA), the Volkswagen Foundation, he 1308:Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation 373:Secretary General: Bi Puranen (Sweden) 3365: 3164:Japanese Journal of Political Science 3041:Inglehart, Ronald; Welzel, C (2010), 3031:Inglehart, Ronald; Welzel, C (2005), 3012: 2927:, World values series, archived from 2615:. Time Business and Money. 2008-07-02 2277:Leggewie, Claus (24 September 2000). 2256:"Poll: Are Singaporeans least happy?" 2116: 1949: 1937: 1903: 1454:Latin American Public Opinion Project 1280:science techniques to new countries. 1011:critical-liberal desire for democracy 975:prevent movements away from democracy 643: 3288:(3), DE: Jacobs University: 341–79, 3135:Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 2216: 1771:Welzel, Inglehart & Deutsch 2005 376:Treasurer: Alejandro Moreno (Mexico) 186: 127: 70: 29: 3860:International Statistical Institute 2723:Purnell, Newley (31 October 2013). 2697:Randerson, James (27 August 2008). 2444:Guélaud, Claire (8 February 2012). 1855: 1515:"The WVS Cultural Map of the World" 1459:Broad measures of economic progress 839:survival vs. self-expression values 735:United Nation Development Programme 24: 3751:American National Election Studies 3741:List of comparative social surveys 2837: 2401:"Kiedy w Rosji zwiędła demokracja" 2254:Hoegberg, Alexandra (2012-12-21). 2171:Nwokora, Zim (14 September 2012). 1849: 997:nature of the desire for democracy 957:civic form of modern individualism 25: 3985: 3311: 2775:Revkin, Andrew, C. (2005-10-04). 2543:Poelchau, Nina (20 August 2009). 2493: 2473:"Ausserkapitalistisches Material" 2470: 2147: 2117:Kenny, Charles (7 October 2013). 1573:Alesina, Giuliano & Nunn 2010 1329: 1198:The World Values Survey uses the 1065:and continues to be based in the 999:. And they do so in a double way. 45:This article has multiple issues. 2985:Alexander, A; Welzel, C (2011), 2967:Alexander, A; Welzel, C (2010), 2751:"The midlife crisis goes global" 2749:Parker-Pope, Tara (2008-01-30). 2589:Stinchfield, Kate (2008-01-31). 2566:Breuer, Hubertus (17 May 2010). 2496:"Polarisierung der Geschlechter" 2399:Bielecki, Tomasz (5 July 2006). 2074:"Britain's happiness in decline" 2049:Schifferes, Steve (2003-06-06). 1630: 1513:Ronald Inglehart; Chris Welzel. 1312:U.S. National Science Foundation 791:. Tausch based his results on a 712: 330:Presidency & Secretariat in 281: 202:may rely excessively on sources 191: 132: 96:. Please discuss further on the 75: 34: 2945: 2915: 2857: 2831: 2808: 2768: 2742: 2716: 2690: 2664: 2634:Robles, Alan, C. (2005-02-20). 2627: 2605: 2582: 2559: 2536: 2510: 2487: 2464: 2437: 2415: 2392: 2370: 2348: 2329:Patalong, Frank (26 May 2011). 2322: 2296: 2270: 2247: 2217:Fish, Steven, N. (2011-02-10). 2210: 2187: 2164: 2141: 2110: 2096:"Nigeria tops happiness survey" 2088: 2065: 2042: 2026: 2006: 1989: 1972: 1955: 1838: 1320:German Science Foundation (DFG) 812:Happiness and life satisfaction 776:Corvinus University of Budapest 53:or discuss these issues on the 2547:. Sueddeutsche Zeitung Magazin 2305:"Das Kreuz mit der Demokratie" 1606: 1578: 1533: 1261:Data collection and field work 1193: 962:Emancipative values encourage 445:, tolerance of foreigners and 13: 1: 2867:World Development Report 2013 2568:"Zu viel Glück tut nicht gut" 2303:Follath, Erich (4 May 2008). 853:sense of existential security 837:” and a second dimension of “ 721:is not just a consequence of 541:Inglehart–Welzel cultural map 337:External Relations Office in 2973:European Sociological Review 2815:Dickson, John (2009-02-03). 2591:"How happy is happy enough?" 2446:"La Fabrique de la défiance" 1886:"Documentation for Download" 1614:Corvinus University Budapest 1474:World Social Capital Monitor 923:and the voice of the people. 157:Knowledge's inclusion policy 7: 3794:International Social Survey 3083:, Nova Science Publishers, 2819:. The Sydney Morning Herald 2545:"Das kriegen wir schon hin" 2072:Easton, Mark (2006-05-02). 1833:Alexander & Welzel 2011 1809:Welzel & Inglehart 2010 1747:Welzel & Inglehart 2008 1735:Welzel & Inglehart 2010 1720:Alexander & Welzel 2010 1705:Inglehart & Welzel 2010 1671:Inglehart & Welzel 2005 1437: 1274: 1235: 982:movements towards democracy 824: 748: 685: 516: 295:; 43 years ago 10: 3990: 3207:Social Indicators Research 2672:"Living with a superpower" 1088:World Values Survey waves 1047: 867:sense of individual agency 739:gender social norms index. 737:in order to calculate the 551: 3878: 3842: 3824:The Phillips Academy Poll 3733: 3697: 3652:Exploratory data analysis 3622: 3542: 3505:Sample size determination 3450: 3400: 3258:10.1080/17448680500337475 3219:10.1007/s11205-009-9557-z 3176:10.1017/S1468109910000277 2879:10.1596/978-0-8213-9575-2 2219:"It´s democracy, stupid!" 1408:The Sydney Morning Herald 402:www.worldvaluessurvey.org 396: 358: 320: 312: 289: 280: 3969:Surveys (human research) 3246:Journal of Civil Society 3147:10.1177/0022022109354378 3118:10.1177/0192512107079640 1479: 1416:World Development Report 1287: 948:Human empowerment is an 819:human development theory 743:Human Development Report 727:industrialized societies 3765:Emerson College Polling 3657:Multivariate statistics 3500:Nonprobability sampling 3294:10.1111/1475-6765.00086 680:post-industrial economy 603:Secular-rational values 575:secular-rational values 503:, said about WVS work: 465:, attitudes toward the 457:and changing levels of 422:that explores people's 27:Global research project 3959:Social statistics data 3774:European Social Survey 3756:Asian Barometer Survey 3647:Descriptive statistics 3532:Cross-sequential study 3485:Simple random sampling 2570:. Sueddeutsche Zeitung 2498:. Neue Zürcher Zeitung 2475:. Neue Zürcher Zeitung 2380:. Economia. 2010-08-01 2098:. BBC News. 2003-10-02 1981:New index publications 1340:Bloomberg Businessweek 1297:Governance and funding 1160:planned for 2023-2026 1079:University of Michigan 621:Self-expression values 585:self-expression values 549: 514: 316:Non-profit association 3964:Statistical data sets 3784:General Social Survey 3667:Statistical inference 3527:Cross-sectional study 3333:IZA Discussion Papers 3056:Tausch, Arno (2015). 3050:, World Values Survey 2994:World Values Research 2961:, World Values Survey 2924:Submission guidelines 2910:, World values series 2021:, World values survey 2001:, World values survey 1984:, World values survey 1884:World Values Survey. 1635:. WVS. Archived from 1601:Inglehart et al. 2004 1550:10.1017/9781108613880 1517:. WVS. Archived from 1492:Inglehart et al. 2004 1055:European Values Study 1026:subjective well-being 548: 505: 491:subjective well-being 481:, national identity, 348:, Spain (JDS Surveys) 94:neutral point of view 18:European Values Study 3705:Audience measurement 3642:Level of measurement 3475:Sampling for surveys 3193:Journal of Democracy 2425:. Gazeta. 2013-05-25 1863:. New York: Viking. 1376:Neue Zürcher Zeitung 1219:Questionnaire design 881:culture zone pattern 527:economic development 489:, insecurity, and 382:Founding President: 3934:1981 establishments 3865:Pew Research Center 3834:World Values Survey 3577:Specification error 3495:Stratified sampling 3320:World Values Survey 3000:(2), archived from 2864:World Bank (2012). 2844:The Washington Post 2522:The Washington Post 2035:World values survey 1964:World values survey 1890:World Values Survey 1792:, pp. 397–424. 1639:on October 19, 2013 1521:on October 19, 2013 1464:Happiness economics 1412:The Washington Post 1384:Süddeutsche Zeitung 1089: 939:emancipative values 888:historical pathways 650:standards of living 630:emancipative values 525:play a key role in 501:European Commission 412:World Values Survey 277: 276:World Values Survey 3672:Statistical models 3572:Non-sampling error 3470:Statistical sample 3410:Collection methods 3097:Welzel, C (2007), 2781:The New York Times 2755:The New York Times 2129:on October 7, 2013 1811:, pp. 311–29. 1749:, pp. 126–40. 1707:, pp. 551–67. 1690:, pp. 341–80. 1542:Cultural Evolution 1404:The New York Times 1087: 1071:Tilburg University 964:nonviolent protest 672:left-wing politics 644:Culture variations 596:Traditional values 571:Traditional values 550: 275: 3954:Political science 3921: 3920: 3637:Contingency table 3612:Processing errors 3597:Non-response bias 3587:Measurement error 3567:Systematic errors 3346:Entelequia Ebooks 3067:978-1-62948-899-8 2888:978-0-8213-9575-2 1870:978-1-9848-7828-1 1773:, p. 121–46. 1737:, pp. 43–63. 1559:978-1-108-61388-0 1348:Chinadialogue.net 1164: 1163: 943:democratic rights 928:human empowerment 780:Joseph Schumpeter 676:French Revolution 661:knowledge society 654:industrialization 447:ethnic minorities 432:social scientists 408: 407: 273: 272: 265: 255: 254: 247: 185: 184: 177: 126: 125: 118: 89:with its subject. 68: 16:(Redirected from 3981: 3632:Categorical data 3386: 3379: 3372: 3363: 3362: 3358: 3349: 3336: 3323: 3306: 3305: 3279: 3268: 3239: 3230: 3200: 3186: 3157: 3128: 3103: 3093: 3071: 3051: 3049: 3036: 3026: 3017: 3008: 3006: 2991: 2980: 2962: 2960: 2940: 2938: 2937: 2936: 2919: 2913: 2911: 2907:The paper series 2902: 2893: 2892: 2872: 2861: 2855: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2835: 2829: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2812: 2806: 2805: 2799: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2772: 2766: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2746: 2740: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2720: 2714: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2694: 2688: 2687: 2685: 2683: 2668: 2662: 2661: 2655: 2647: 2645: 2643: 2631: 2625: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2609: 2603: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2586: 2580: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2563: 2557: 2556: 2554: 2552: 2540: 2534: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2514: 2508: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2491: 2485: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2468: 2462: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2441: 2435: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2419: 2413: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2396: 2390: 2389: 2387: 2385: 2374: 2368: 2367: 2365: 2363: 2352: 2346: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2326: 2320: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2300: 2294: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2274: 2268: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2251: 2245: 2244: 2238: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2214: 2208: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2191: 2185: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2168: 2162: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2145: 2139: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2114: 2108: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2092: 2086: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2069: 2063: 2062: 2060: 2058: 2046: 2040: 2038: 2030: 2024: 2022: 2020: 2010: 2004: 2002: 1993: 1987: 1985: 1976: 1970: 1968: 1959: 1953: 1947: 1941: 1935: 1929: 1927: 1926:on April 9, 2014 1922:, archived from 1914: 1901: 1900: 1898: 1896: 1881: 1875: 1874: 1853: 1847: 1842: 1836: 1830: 1824: 1823:, pp. 1–31. 1818: 1812: 1806: 1793: 1787: 1774: 1768: 1762: 1761:, pp. 1–23. 1756: 1750: 1744: 1738: 1732: 1723: 1722:, pp. 1–21. 1717: 1708: 1702: 1691: 1685: 1674: 1668: 1649: 1648: 1646: 1644: 1628: 1619: 1610: 1604: 1598: 1592: 1582: 1576: 1570: 1564: 1563: 1537: 1531: 1530: 1528: 1526: 1510: 1495: 1489: 1469:Post-materialism 1090: 1086: 1075:Ronald Inglehart 935:action resources 702:Nordic countries 564:Christian Welzel 560:Ronald Inglehart 461:, the impact of 420:research project 404: 384:Ronald Inglehart 303: 301: 296: 285: 278: 274: 268: 261: 250: 243: 239: 236: 230: 195: 187: 180: 173: 169: 166: 160: 136: 135: 128: 121: 114: 110: 107: 101: 87:close connection 79: 78: 71: 60: 38: 37: 30: 21: 3989: 3988: 3984: 3983: 3982: 3980: 3979: 3978: 3924: 3923: 3922: 3917: 3874: 3838: 3799:Latinobarómetro 3729: 3715:Market research 3693: 3618: 3592:Response errors 3538: 3512:Research design 3480:Random sampling 3446: 3430:Semi-structured 3402:Data collection 3396: 3394:survey research 3390: 3352: 3317: 3314: 3277: 3101: 3091: 3068: 3047: 3004: 2989: 2958: 2948: 2943: 2934: 2932: 2921: 2920: 2916: 2904: 2903: 2896: 2889: 2870: 2862: 2858: 2848: 2846: 2836: 2832: 2822: 2820: 2813: 2809: 2793: 2792: 2785: 2783: 2773: 2769: 2759: 2757: 2747: 2743: 2733: 2731: 2721: 2717: 2707: 2705: 2695: 2691: 2681: 2679: 2670: 2669: 2665: 2649: 2648: 2641: 2639: 2638:. 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