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1055:
396:
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31:
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239:
113:
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732:. The song begins with a few preliminary notes, then runs into a trill, slightly ascending, and ends in full clear notes or another trill. At any season the song may be heard, though it is most noticeable during spring. Despite its generally mouse-like behaviour, the male may sing from an exposed low perch as its whole body quivers from the effort. Its song may sometimes be confused with that of the
2426:
59:
48:
60:
931:
in his territory; these are called "cock nests" but are never lined until the female chooses one to use. The number of nests on a territory influences the female's choice of mate; she preferentially mates with a male that had constructed numerous nests. Courtship includes display and posturing by the
857:
The wren is an ever-active bird, constantly on the move foraging for insects, in the open or among thick vegetation. It moves with quick jerks, probing into crevices, examining old masonry, hopping onto fallen logs and delving down among them. It sometimes moves higher in the canopy, but for the most
650:
The
Eurasian wren is a plump, sturdy bird with rounded wings and a short tail, which is usually held cocked up. The adult bird is 9 to 10 cm (3.5 to 3.9 in) in length and has a wingspan of 13â17 cm (5.1â6.7 in). It weighs around 10 g (0.35 oz). It is rufous brown above,
49:
978:
are laid from April onwards. These average 16.6 by 12.7 mm (0.65 by 0.50 in) and are white with variable amounts of reddish-brown speckles, mostly on the broad end. The female alone incubates these, and they hatch after 14 to 15 days. The young are fed on insects, spiders and other small
986:, that is to say a male can have, at any one time, more than one female with an active nest on his territory. An active nest is one in which there are eggs or nestlings. A male has been recorded with four females breeding on his territory. Bigamy and trigamy are the most common forms of polygamy.
663:
845:
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841:
727:
is a gushing burst of sweet music, clear, shrill and emphatic. The male has remarkably long and complex vocalizations, with a series of tinkling trills one after the other for seconds on end. The bird has an enormous voice for its size, ten times louder, weight for weight, than a
846:
1074:
and the wren strove to fly the highest, the wren rested on the eagle's back, and when the eagle tired, the wren flew out above him. Thus, Plutarch implied, the wren proved that cleverness is better than strength. The wren's majesty is recognized in such stories as the
651:
greyer beneath, and indistinctly barred with darker brown and grey, even on the wings and tail. The bill is dark brown and the legs are pale brown, the feet having strong claws and a large hind toe. Young birds are less distinctly barred and have mottled underparts. The
1211:
Wrens have been featured on postage stamps from
Albania, Alderney, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, the Faroe Islands, France, Germany, Britain, Guernsey, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, Jersey, the Netherlands, San Marino, the United States, and Vatican
1123:, who considered it "king of all birds", and used its musical notes for divination. The shape-shifting Fairy Queen took the form of a wren, known as "Jenny Wren" in nursery rhymes. A wren's feather was thought to be a charm against disaster or drowning.
876:
At night, usually in winter, it often roosts, true to its scientific name, in dark retreats, snug holes and even old nests. In hard weather, it may do so in parties, consisting of either the family or of many individuals gathered together for warmth.
843:
692:
1530:
Historiae animalium liber III qui est de auium natura. Adiecti sunt ab initio indices alphabetici decem super nominibus auium in totidem linguis diuersis: & ante illos enumeratio auium eo ordiné quo in hoc volumine
61:
50:
872:
It is a bird of the uplands even in winter, vanishing into the heather when snow lies thick above, a troglodyte indeed. It frequents gardens and farms, but it is quite as abundant in thick woods and in reed-beds.
1603:
Chesser, R Terry; Banks, Richard C; Barker, F Keith; Cicero, Carla; Dunn, Jon L; Kratter, Andrew W; Lovette, Irby J; Rasmussen, Pamela C; Remsen, JV Jr; Rising, James D; Stotz, Douglas F; Winker, Kevin (2010).
690:
842:
979:
invertebrates; there is no record of the male feeding the young in the nest, but he does do so after they have fledged, which happens after about 16 days. There are usually two broods.
764:
species. The nominate race breeds in Europe as far north as 67°N in Norway and 64°N in Sweden, Finland and Russia. The bird's southern limit is northern Spain, southern France, Italy,
691:
932:
male. He sings with wings and tail half open, or with them drooping, sometimes with one wing extended, or the wings may be raised and lowered several times in quick succession.
1080:
1146:
The Wren, the Wren, the king of all birds, St. Stephen's day was caught in the furze. Although he is little, his family's great, I pray you, good landlady, give us a treat
341:. It has a very short tail which is often held erect, a short neck and a relatively long thin bill. It is russet brown above, paler buff-brown below and has a cream buff
1907:. Vol. 2: Attributes and Status (2nd ed.). Washington D.C. and Barcelona: Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History and Lynx Edicions. p. 353.
858:
part stays near the ground, often being flushed from under overhangs on banks. Sometimes it hops up the lower part of tree trunks, behaving like a miniature
927:, it can remain in moderately cold and even snowy climates by foraging for insects on substrates such as bark and fallen logs. The male wren builds several
947:
and dead leaves, whatever is available locally. It is often tucked into a hole in a wall or tree trunk or a crack in a rock, but it is often built in
869:. It is mouse-like, easily lost sight of when it is hunting for food, but is found everywhere from the tops of the highest moors to the sea coast.
2702:
1551:
Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique
Septentrionale : contenant un grand nombre d'espÚces décrites ou figurées pour la premiÚre fois
1483:
Systema NaturĂŠ per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Volume 1
2754:
655:
is subject to considerable variation, and where populations have been isolated, the variation has become fixed in one minor form or another.
1108:(king of the fence). An old German name was "Schneekönig" (snow king), and in Dutch, it is "winterkoning" (winter king), which all refer to
2901:
811:
It occupies a great variety of habitats, typically any kind of cultivated or uncultivated area with bushes and low ground cover; gardens,
1657:
Albrecht, F.; Hering, J.; Fuchs, E.; Illera, J.C.; Ihlow, F.; Shannon, T.J.; Collinson, J.M.; Wink, M.; Martens, J.; PĂ€ckert, M. (2020).
1528:
885:
736:, which has a warble that is shorter and weaker. The wren's song also incorporates repeated trill sounds while the dunnock's does not.
1663:(Aves: Passeriformes: Troglodytidae) reveals deep and complex diversification patterns of Ibero-Maghrebian and Cyrenaican populations"
1498:
1226:
coin featured a wren on the reverse side from 1937 to 1960. The wren was chosen because it was thought of as
Britain's smallest bird.
2079:
1144:, wherein young wrenboys would catch the bird and then ritually parade it around town, as described in the traditional "Wren Song".
2873:
2676:
2409:
2715:
2392:
1148:. The tradition, and the significance of the wren as a symbol and sacrifice of the old year, is discussed in Sir James Frazer's
862:. Occasionally it flits away, its short flights swift and direct but not sustained, its tiny round wings whirring as it flies.
715:
The most common call is a sharp, repeated "tic-tic-tic", similar but faster and with less isolated notes compared to that of a
2397:
2161:
2287:
2259:
1912:
1508:
683:
2720:
2921:
744:
2297:
Drovetski, S.V.; Zink, R.M.; Rohwer, S.; Fadeev, I.V.; Nesterov, E.V.; Karagodin, I.; Koblik, E.A.; Red'kin, Y.A. (2004).
2352:
2811:
2504:
1887:
1355:
1026:. Other dietary items include spiders, and some seeds are also taken. The young are largely fed on moth larvae, with
422:, "creep"), meaning "hole-dweller", and refers to its habit of disappearing into cavities or crevices whilst hunting
1723:
Molecular phylogenetics of the wrens and allies (Passeriformes, Certhioidea), with comments on the relationships of
2916:
2819:
2655:
1375:
2759:
2668:
2637:
471:
228:
1452:
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sees the wren successfully hunt a boar that the hawks could not, by flying into its ear and driving it mad.
1248:
1134:, who supposedly was betrayed by the noisy bird as he attempted to hide from his enemies. Traditionally,
983:
598:, became extinct around 1940 â if it was indeed a valid taxon and not merely based on an anomaly. Thus in
2906:
2562:
543:). Some ornithologists place the Eurasian wren, the winter wren and the Pacific wren in a separate genus
2114:
1304:
112:
2567:
2416:
2403:
2013:
iii.7.1, accounting for the hostility of the eagle ("a creature at war with everyone") towards the wren
1569:
2911:
2824:
2531:
2252:
Handbook of the Birds of Europe the Middle East and North Africa. The Birds of the
Western Palearctic
2201:
2216:
1204:), who was once thought of as the same species as the Eurasian wren, is the narrator of "The White
2254:. Vol. V: Tyrant Flycatchers to Thrushes. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 525â542.
893:
1606:"Fifty-First Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List of North American Birds"
1223:
1054:
2798:
2518:
1169:, a wren was seen being pursued in a frenzy by various other birds. With a conspicuous sprig of
2733:
2707:
2549:
2466:
364:
of western North
America as the winter wren. The Eurasian wren occurs in Europe and across the
42:
2793:
1637:
1545:
548:
517:
481:
349:
207:
2785:
2554:
1062:
In
European folklore, the wren is the king of the birds, according to a fable attributed to
2806:
2513:
2148:
2090:
1674:
1578:"Dapple-throats, sugarbirds, fairy-bluebirds, kinglets, hyliotas, wrens & gnatcatchers"
1135:
1954:"An experimental analysis of mate choice in the wren: a monomorphic, polygynous passerine"
1281:
8:
2837:
1900:
964:
508:
463:
385:
77:
38:
1678:
395:
2323:
2298:
1776:
1749:
1697:
1658:
1412:
851:
785:
611:
427:
268:
184:
107:
2780:
2598:
2590:
2376:
2348:
2328:
2283:
2255:
2181:
2059:
1908:
1883:
1781:
1729:. American Museum novitates, no. 3887. New York: American Museum of Natural History.
1702:
1504:
1351:
920:
724:
1998:
1641:
1335:. Vol. 9. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 421.
1330:
971:. On making her selection, the female wren lines the nest generously with feathers.
2864:
2603:
2318:
2310:
1965:
1771:
1761:
1730:
1692:
1682:
1617:
1573:
1457:
1447:
1402:
1394:
1299:
1150:
789:
2642:
2577:
1721:
923:, where it is often identified by its long and exuberant song. Although it is an
2767:
1687:
1193:
1188:
567:
476:
30:
2746:
1940:
1577:
1549:
1046:
2663:
2650:
2454:
2442:
2036:
1622:
1605:
1524:
1486:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae:Laurentii Salvii. p. 188.
1076:
866:
831:, rough pasture, moorland, boulder-strewn slopes, rocky coasts and sea cliffs.
828:
716:
639:
499:
407:
381:
1481:
238:
2895:
2728:
2387:
2243:
1984:
Burn J. L., 1996, Polygyny and the Wren, D.Phil. thesis, University of Oxford
1970:
1953:
1477:
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1166:
1127:
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956:
911:
773:
635:
631:
488:
467:
330:
322:
224:
97:
92:
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2437:
2430:
2340:
2332:
2314:
1785:
1766:
1706:
1252:
1201:
1174:
1031:
960:
769:
570:
approximately 4.3 million years ago, long before the glacial cycles of the
552:
536:
442:
360:
2151:
at the
Smithsonian National Postal Museum website. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
2098:
1646:(in Latin). Vol. 1, Pars 2 Aves. Holmiae : Caroli Deleen. p. 57.
1430:
MartĂnez GĂłmez, Juan E.; Barber, Bruian R.; Peterson, A. Townsend (2005).
1374:
Rice, Nathan H.; Peterson, A. Townsend; Escalona-Segura, Griselda (1999).
634:
is greyer above, whiter beneath, with more abundant bars on the back; the
434:
is currently unresolved, as recent molecular studies have suggested that
2689:
2498:
2303:
Proceedings of the Royal
Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences
1880:
Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 10: Cuckoo-shrikes to
Thrushes
1197:
1027:
924:
571:
528:
524:
436:
373:
354:
342:
2541:
1844:. Vol. 2: Warblers to Owls. H.F. and G. Witherby. pp. 213â219.
955:
on a bank, in thatch, or in abandoned bird's nests such as those of the
915:
Adult with four hatchlings; one has just been fed a spider or harvestman
2878:
2832:
2772:
2681:
2137:
1416:
1326:
1170:
761:
707:
595:
582:
575:
365:
2694:
1462:
1407:
719:. When the bird is annoyed or excited, its call runs into an emphatic
578:
in many avian lineages inhabiting the boreal forest of North America.
2624:
2110:
1734:
1158:
1099:
1093:
1085:
1035:
1019:
1007:
995:
928:
865:
This small, stump-tailed wren is almost as familiar in Europe as the
627:
492:
423:
417:
411:
389:
164:
124:
2616:
2460:
1398:
1112:. In Japan, the wren is labelled king of the winds, and the myth of
788:, and further south in northwestern Africa, Spain and Portugal, the
772:
as far east as Syria. It is replaced by other races in Iceland, the
2858:
2629:
2483:
2449:
2410:
Ageing and sexing by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze
2371:
1205:
1140:
1089:
1067:
994:
Insects form the bulk of the diet; these are chiefly the larvae of
975:
859:
820:
797:
781:
777:
619:
599:
144:
1432:"Phylogenetic position and generic placement of the Socorro Wren (
2526:
2006:
948:
936:
824:
816:
793:
733:
729:
652:
400:
334:
2168:. bird-stamps.org. Archived from the original on 29 October 2000
1131:
1011:
968:
944:
805:
765:
753:
134:
66:
2611:
1951:
1216:
1120:
1071:
1063:
1023:
812:
801:
447:
377:
1429:
1177:, but there its pursuers overtook it and tore it to pieces.
585:
of this taxonomically complex bird. The disputed subspecies
337:). In Anglophone Europe, it is commonly known simply as the
1453:
10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0050:PPAGPO]2.0.CO;2
1373:
1165:
was foretold by an unfortunate wren. On the day before the
999:
940:
905:
384:
in only the northern parts of its range. It is also highly
369:
326:
174:
154:
935:
The neatly-domed nest has a side entrance and is built of
1656:
1015:
952:
2299:"Complex biogeographic history of a Holarctic passerine"
2058:. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. p. 26.
1602:
1345:
1173:
clamped in its beak, the wren flew desperately into the
919:
In most of northern Europe and Asia, it nests mostly in
1754:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
1279:
808:. Other races also occur in southern Russia and Japan.
1556:
Dated 1807 on title page but not published until 1809.
498:
meaning "cave-dweller". In 1555 the German naturalist
2414:
1860:
1848:
1568:
1554:(in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Desray. p. 52.
606:, there are three distinct insular subspecies: one,
1878:del Hoyo, J. Elliott, A. & Christie, D. (2005)
1305:
10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T103883277A132200296.en
2214:
1927:Peterson, R.; Mountfort, G.; Hollom, P.A.D. 1965.
2043:. Translated by Hagin Meyer, Fanny. pp. 5â6.
1929:A Field Guild to the Birds of Britain and Europe.
1899:
1798:Yamashina, Yoshimaro (1938): A new subspecies of
1534:(in Latin). Zurich: Froschauer. pp. 625â627.
823:. It inhabits more open locations with clumps of
2893:
974:A clutch of five or six (range three to eleven)
516:that was introduced by the French ornithologist
2282:. London: Chatto and Windus. pp. 329â332.
2095:The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion
1750:"Ice sheets promote speciation in boreal birds"
1251:; this bird was subsequently classified as the
547:that was introduced by the Swedish naturalist
1243:The 1999 U.S. stamp features a "winter wren (
1104:(little king). In German, the wren is called
2005:; Plutarch's brief account is referenced by
1835:
1747:
1741:
1500:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1325:
2099:Full text (HTML) retrieved 20 November 2007
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1041:
739:
588:
1346:Brewer, David; Mackay, Barry Kent (2001).
523:The Eurasian wren was formerly considered
237:
86:
29:
2322:
2149:33c Pacific Coast Rain Forest pane of ten
2109:
1969:
1775:
1765:
1696:
1686:
1621:
1503:. London: Christopher Helm. p. 391.
1461:
1451:
1406:
1303:
723:, not unlike clockwork running down. The
512:. The species is now placed in the genus
368:â including a belt of Asia from northern
2053:
2035:
1952:Evans, Matthew R.; Burn, Joe L. (1966).
1839:
1812:
1636:
1544:
1476:
1126:The wren also features in the legend of
1053:
1045:
910:
892:
884:
838:
834:
743:
662:
394:
57:
46:
2215:Cavendish, Richard (12 December 2010).
1496:
1138:(26 December) has been commemorated by
1058:Wrens on a stamp from the Faroe Islands
768:and southern Russia. It also breeds in
2894:
2084:
2078:Hymns and Carols of Christmas on-line
1719:
1564:
1562:
1523:
1369:
1367:
1329:; Greenway, James C. Jr, eds. (1960).
1215:The wren is one of the animals of the
1180:
551:in 1828 with the Eurasian wren as the
406:The scientific name is taken from the
54:Song of male bird recorded in Scotland
2465:
2464:
2388:BBC Sounds wren as "Tweet of the Day"
2278:Cocker, Mark; Mabey, Richard (2005).
2242:
1905:Birds of South Asia. The Ripley Guide
1872:
1866:
1854:
1584:. International Ornithologists' Union
1339:
527:with two North American species: the
2669:37b9aaf6-f52f-4f99-af8f-9fa93d4b2a08
2072:
1423:
2902:IUCN Red List least concern species
1559:
1364:
1319:
1291:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
989:
487:. The specific epithet is from the
13:
2270:
1748:Weir, J. T.; Schluter, D. (2004).
1376:"Phylogenetic patterns in montane
750:Troglodytes troglodytes nipalensis
672:
602:, in addition to the typical bird
14:
2933:
2363:
2202:"Explore Your Celtic Zodiac Sign"
325:bird, and the only member of the
262: Non-breeding winter visitor
2448:
2436:
2424:
1720:Barker, Frederick Keith (2017).
1659:"Phylogeny of the Eurasian Wren
1582:IOC World Bird List Version 12.1
1332:Check-list of Birds of the World
1280:BirdLife International. (2018).
706:Problems playing this file? See
688:
658:
410:word "troglodytes" (from ÏÏÏγλη
111:
2208:
2194:
2154:
2142:
2131:
2116:The Lives of the Twelve Caesars
2103:
2080:Text retrieved 20 November 2007
2047:
2029:
2016:
1987:
1978:
1945:
1934:
1921:
1893:
1792:
1713:
1650:
1630:
1596:
1237:
1050:Wren on a British farthing coin
1038:larvae having been identified.
610:, is confined to the island of
388:, an unusual mating system for
2400:(for 19 issues) with range map
1538:
1517:
1490:
1470:
1273:
1163:assassination of Julius Caesar
752:with its very dark plumage in
645:
1:
2246:; et al., eds. (1988). "
2097:(two vols). Macmillan, 1890.
1266:
506:for the Eurasian wren in his
358:of eastern North America and
333:found in Eurasia and Africa (
250: Breeding summer visitor
2054:Lawrence, Elizabeth (1997).
1903:; Anderton, John C. (2012).
1840:Witherby, H.F., ed. (1943).
1688:10.1371/journal.pone.0230151
1643:Synopsis faunae Scandinaviae
1348:Wrens, Dippers and Thrashers
1119:It was a sacred bird to the
1100:
1094:
1081:The Willow-Wren and the Bear
819:, plantations, woodland and
493:
418:
412:
7:
2922:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1802:from the Borodino Islands.
951:, a bush or a hedge, among
880:
574:, thought to have promoted
457:
10:
2938:
2406:â Internet Bird Collection
2393:Birds of Britain wren page
2235:
1623:10.1525/auk.2010.127.4.966
1497:Jobling, James A. (2010).
1298:: e.T103883277A132200296.
466:by the Swedish naturalist
2848:
2473:
2404:Videos, photos and sounds
2217:"The Farthing's Last Day"
2186:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1842:Handbook of British Birds
1249:Pacific Coast Rain Forest
274:
267:
245:
236:
213:
206:
108:Scientific classification
106:
84:
75:
37:
28:
23:
1230:
1114:The Wren Among the Hawks
1042:Relationship with humans
740:Distribution and habitat
581:There are 28 recognised
502:had used the Latin name
2917:Birds described in 1758
2838:Troglodytes-troglodytes
2519:Troglodytes_troglodytes
2505:Troglodytes troglodytes
2475:Troglodytes troglodytes
2248:Troglodytes troglodytes
2164:Troglodytes troglodytes
1800:Troglodytes troglodytes
1576:, eds. (January 2022).
1284:Troglodytes troglodytes
1245:Troglodytes troglodytes
902:Troglodytes troglodytes
898:Cuculus canorus canorus
850:Eurasian wren singing,
760:The Eurasian wren is a
564:Troglodytes troglodytes
345:. The sexes are alike.
314:Troglodytes troglodytes
256: Breeding resident
217:Troglodytes troglodytes
2315:10.1098/rspb.2003.2638
2024:The History of Animals
1971:10.1093/beheco/7.1.101
1767:10.1098/rspb.2004.2803
1638:Billberg, Gustav Johan
1546:Vieillot, Louis Pierre
1130:, the first Christian
1059:
1051:
916:
908:
890:
854:
757:
677:
667:
589:
558:It was estimated that
462:The Eurasian wren was
403:
70:
55:
43:North Rhine-Westphalia
2850:Motacilla troglodytes
2794:Paleobiology Database
2345:The Wren: A Biography
1257:Troglodytes pacificus
1057:
1049:
914:
896:
888:
849:
835:Behaviour and ecology
747:
676:
666:
560:Troglodytes pacificus
549:Gustaf Johan Billberg
541:Troglodytes pacificus
518:Louis Pierre Vieillot
485:Motacilla troglodytes
450:currently defined by
398:
361:Troglodytes pacificus
348:The species was once
289:(Linnaeus, 1758)
278:Motacilla troglodytes
64:
53:
2664:Fauna Europaea (new)
2091:Frazer, James George
1901:Rasmussen, Pamela C.
1350:. Christopher Helm.
533:Troglodytes hiemalis
446:spp. are within the
355:Troglodytes hiemalis
294:Troglodytes parvulus
2041:Japanese Folk Tales
1760:(1551): 1881â1887.
1679:2020PLoSO..1530151A
1434:Thryomanes sissonii
1181:Cultural depictions
509:Historiae animalium
416:"hole", and ÎŽáż ÌΔÎčÎœ
281:Linnaeus, 1758
199:T. troglodytes
78:Conservation status
39:Nominate subspecies
2907:Troglodytes (bird)
1995:Political Precepts
1958:Behavioral Ecology
1661:Nannus troglodytes
1572:; Donsker, David;
1196:, Limmershin, the
1060:
1052:
921:coniferous forests
917:
909:
891:
855:
852:Texel, Netherlands
758:
678:
668:
624:T. t. fridariensis
404:
286:Nannus troglodytes
71:
65:Calls recorded in
56:
2889:
2888:
2781:Open Tree of Life
2467:Taxon identifiers
2377:Project Gutenberg
2309:(1538): 545â551.
2289:978-0-7011-6907-7
2261:978-0-19-857508-5
2204:. 4 October 2020.
1914:978-84-96553-87-3
1882:. Lynx Edicions.
1574:Rasmussen, Pamela
1510:978-1-4081-2501-4
1136:St. Stephen's Day
982:Wrens are highly
847:
693:
622:; and the third,
616:T. t. zetlandicus
504:Passer troglodyte
426:or to roost. The
399:Eurasian wren in
305:
304:
101:
62:
51:
2929:
2912:Birds of Eurasia
2882:
2881:
2869:
2868:
2867:
2841:
2840:
2828:
2827:
2815:
2814:
2802:
2801:
2789:
2788:
2776:
2775:
2763:
2762:
2750:
2749:
2747:NHMSYS0000530671
2737:
2736:
2724:
2723:
2711:
2710:
2698:
2697:
2685:
2684:
2672:
2671:
2659:
2658:
2646:
2645:
2633:
2632:
2620:
2619:
2607:
2606:
2594:
2593:
2581:
2580:
2571:
2570:
2558:
2557:
2545:
2544:
2535:
2534:
2532:11A4055E89689538
2522:
2521:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2462:
2461:
2453:
2452:
2441:
2440:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2420:
2379:
2358:
2336:
2326:
2293:
2280:Birds Britannica
2265:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2185:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2158:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2107:
2101:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2056:Hunting the Wren
2051:
2045:
2044:
2033:
2027:
2020:
2014:
1999:Laura Gibb, tr.
1991:
1985:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1949:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1897:
1891:
1876:
1870:
1864:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1837:
1810:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1779:
1769:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1700:
1690:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1566:
1557:
1555:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1455:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1410:
1384:
1371:
1362:
1361:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1307:
1277:
1260:
1241:
1222:The old British
1151:The Golden Bough
1141:Hunting the Wren
1103:
1097:
1092:called the wren
990:Food and feeding
848:
790:Balearic Islands
695:
694:
675:
620:Shetland Islands
592:
496:
421:
415:
321:is a very small
299:
290:
282:
261:
255:
249:
241:
219:
116:
115:
95:
90:
89:
63:
52:
33:
21:
20:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2877:
2872:
2863:
2862:
2857:
2844:
2836:
2831:
2823:
2818:
2810:
2805:
2797:
2792:
2784:
2779:
2771:
2768:Observation.org
2766:
2758:
2753:
2745:
2740:
2732:
2727:
2719:
2714:
2706:
2701:
2693:
2688:
2680:
2675:
2667:
2662:
2654:
2649:
2641:
2636:
2628:
2623:
2615:
2610:
2602:
2597:
2589:
2584:
2576:
2574:
2566:
2561:
2553:
2548:
2540:
2538:
2530:
2525:
2517:
2512:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2469:
2459:
2447:
2435:
2425:
2423:
2415:
2372:The Jungle Book
2369:
2366:
2361:
2355:
2339:
2296:
2290:
2277:
2273:
2271:Further reading
2268:
2262:
2238:
2233:
2232:
2222:
2220:
2219:. History Today
2213:
2209:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2179:
2178:
2171:
2169:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2147:
2143:
2138:The Jungle Book
2136:
2132:
2122:
2120:
2108:
2104:
2089:
2085:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2052:
2048:
2037:Yanagita, Kunio
2034:
2030:
2021:
2017:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1979:
1950:
1946:
1939:
1935:
1926:
1922:
1915:
1898:
1894:
1877:
1873:
1865:
1861:
1853:
1849:
1838:
1813:
1797:
1793:
1746:
1742:
1718:
1714:
1673:(3): e0230151.
1655:
1651:
1635:
1631:
1616:(3): 726â744 .
1601:
1597:
1587:
1585:
1567:
1560:
1543:
1539:
1522:
1518:
1511:
1495:
1491:
1475:
1471:
1428:
1424:
1399:10.2307/1370013
1382:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1344:
1340:
1324:
1320:
1310:
1308:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1263:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1194:Rudyard Kipling
1189:The Jungle Book
1183:
1077:Grimm Brothers'
1044:
992:
883:
839:
837:
742:
713:
712:
704:
702:
701:
700:
699:
696:
689:
686:
679:
673:
661:
648:
608:T. t. hirtensis
604:T. t. indigenus
568:common ancestor
477:Systema Naturae
470:in 1758 in the
460:
297:
296:
288:
280:
263:
259:
257:
253:
251:
247:
232:
221:
215:
202:
110:
102:
91:
87:
80:
58:
47:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
2935:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2887:
2886:
2884:
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2870:
2854:
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2846:
2845:
2843:
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2816:
2803:
2790:
2777:
2764:
2751:
2738:
2725:
2712:
2699:
2686:
2673:
2660:
2651:Fauna Europaea
2647:
2634:
2621:
2608:
2595:
2582:
2572:
2559:
2546:
2536:
2523:
2510:
2495:
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2477:
2471:
2470:
2458:
2457:
2445:
2433:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2401:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2383:RSPB wren page
2380:
2365:
2364:External links
2362:
2360:
2359:
2354:978-1910931936
2353:
2347:. Square Peg.
2337:
2294:
2288:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2260:
2244:Cramp, Stanley
2239:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2207:
2193:
2153:
2141:
2130:
2102:
2083:
2071:
2064:
2046:
2028:
2015:
1986:
1977:
1964:(1): 101â108.
1944:
1933:
1920:
1913:
1892:
1871:
1869:, p. 541.
1859:
1857:, p. 525.
1847:
1811:
1791:
1740:
1712:
1649:
1629:
1595:
1558:
1537:
1525:Gesner, Conrad
1516:
1509:
1489:
1478:Linnaeus, Carl
1469:
1422:
1393:(2): 446â451.
1363:
1356:
1338:
1318:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1220:
1213:
1209:
1200:(actually the
1182:
1179:
1043:
1040:
1004:geometer moths
991:
988:
900:in a spawn of
882:
879:
836:
833:
741:
738:
703:
697:
687:
682:
681:
680:
671:
670:
669:
660:
657:
647:
644:
640:Fair Isle wren
566:last shared a
500:Conrad Gessner
459:
456:
303:
302:
301:
300:
291:
283:
272:
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85:
82:
81:
76:
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72:
35:
34:
26:
25:
24:Eurasian wren
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2934:
2923:
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2381:
2378:
2374:
2373:
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2367:
2356:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2341:Moss, Stephen
2338:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2316:
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2308:
2304:
2300:
2295:
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2245:
2241:
2240:
2218:
2211:
2203:
2197:
2189:
2183:
2167:
2165:
2162:"Winter wren
2157:
2150:
2145:
2139:
2134:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2106:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2081:
2075:
2067:
2061:
2057:
2050:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2025:
2019:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2002:
2001:Aesop's Fable
1996:
1990:
1981:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1942:
1937:
1930:
1924:
1916:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1889:
1888:84-87334-72-5
1885:
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1357:1-873403-95-X
1353:
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1297:
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1203:
1199:
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1190:
1185:
1184:
1178:
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1168:
1167:Ides of March
1164:
1160:
1157:According to
1155:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1128:Saint Stephen
1124:
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1117:
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1107:
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1096:
1091:
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1083:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1056:
1048:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1010:, as well as
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
987:
985:
980:
977:
972:
970:
966:
962:
958:
957:house sparrow
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
933:
930:
926:
922:
913:
907:
903:
899:
895:
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870:
868:
863:
861:
853:
832:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
809:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
774:Faroe Islands
771:
767:
763:
755:
751:
746:
737:
735:
731:
726:
722:
718:
711:
709:
685:
665:
659:Vocalizations
656:
654:
643:
641:
637:
636:Shetland wren
633:
632:St Kilda wren
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
591:
584:
579:
577:
573:
569:
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561:
556:
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550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
521:
519:
515:
511:
510:
505:
501:
497:
495:
490:
489:Ancient Greek
486:
483:
482:binomial name
479:
478:
473:
472:tenth edition
469:
468:Carl Linnaeus
465:
455:
453:
449:
445:
444:
439:
438:
433:
430:of the genus
429:
425:
420:
414:
409:
402:
397:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
362:
357:
356:
351:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
331:Troglodytidae
328:
324:
323:insectivorous
320:
319:northern wren
316:
315:
310:
309:Eurasian wren
295:
292:
287:
284:
279:
276:
275:
273:
270:
266:
244:
240:
235:
230:
226:
220:
218:
212:
209:
208:Binomial name
205:
201:
200:
195:
192:
191:
188:
187:
183:
180:
179:
176:
175:Troglodytidae
173:
170:
169:
166:
165:Passeriformes
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
149:
146:
143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
114:
109:
105:
99:
94:
93:Least Concern
83:
79:
74:
68:
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2849:
2474:
2370:
2344:
2306:
2302:
2279:
2251:
2247:
2221:. Retrieved
2210:
2196:
2170:. Retrieved
2163:
2156:
2144:
2133:
2121:. Retrieved
2119:. p. 50
2115:
2105:
2094:
2086:
2074:
2055:
2049:
2040:
2031:
2023:
2018:
2010:
2000:
1994:
1989:
1980:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1936:
1928:
1923:
1904:
1895:
1879:
1874:
1862:
1850:
1841:
1806:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1757:
1753:
1743:
1726:
1722:
1715:
1670:
1666:
1660:
1652:
1642:
1632:
1613:
1609:
1598:
1586:. Retrieved
1581:
1550:
1540:
1529:
1519:
1499:
1492:
1482:
1472:
1446:(1): 50â56.
1443:
1439:
1433:
1425:
1390:
1386:
1377:
1347:
1341:
1331:
1321:
1309:. Retrieved
1295:
1289:
1283:
1275:
1256:
1253:Pacific wren
1244:
1239:
1202:Pacific wren
1187:
1175:Roman Senate
1156:
1149:
1145:
1139:
1125:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1079:
1061:
1032:cabbage moth
1028:caterpillars
993:
981:
973:
965:house martin
934:
918:
901:
897:
875:
871:
864:
856:
810:
770:Western Asia
759:
749:
720:
714:
705:
649:
642:are darker.
623:
615:
607:
603:
586:
580:
563:
559:
557:
553:type species
544:
540:
537:Pacific wren
532:
522:
513:
507:
503:
491:
484:
475:
461:
451:
443:Thryorchilus
441:
435:
431:
405:
359:
353:
347:
338:
318:
313:
312:
308:
306:
293:
285:
277:
216:
214:
198:
197:
185:
18:
2690:iNaturalist
2499:Wikispecies
2123:13 November
2022:Aristotle,
1570:Gill, Frank
1531:continentur
1378:Troglodytes
1327:Mayr, Ernst
1198:winter wren
1098:(king) and
1070:, when the
1022:larvae and
1008:owlet moths
996:butterflies
925:insectivore
748:Subspecies
646:Description
614:; another,
572:Pleistocene
529:winter wren
525:conspecific
514:Troglodytes
494:trĆglodutÄs
452:Troglodytes
437:Cistothorus
432:Troglodytes
374:Afghanistan
343:supercilium
186:Troglodytes
2896:Categories
2865:Q109563348
2833:Xeno-canto
2065:0870499602
1997:xii.806e;
1993:Plutarch,
1867:Cramp 1988
1855:Cramp 1988
1809:: 227â228.
1463:1808/16612
1408:1808/16635
1387:The Condor
1267:References
1247:)" of the
1101:basiliskos
1002:, such as
984:polygamous
762:Palearctic
708:media help
596:Daito wren
583:subspecies
576:speciation
535:) and the
480:under the
424:arthropods
390:passerines
386:polygynous
376:across to
366:Palearctic
45:, Germany
2734:103883277
2555:103883277
2223:22 August
2172:22 August
2111:Suetonius
1941:BBC.co.uk
1735:2246/6816
1159:Suetonius
1106:Zaunkönig
1086:Aristotle
1036:crane fly
1020:caddisfly
821:reed beds
813:hedgerows
628:Fair Isle
618:, to the
520:in 1809.
464:described
440:spp. and
382:migratory
298:K.L. Koch
193:Species:
131:Kingdom:
125:Eukaryota
69:, England
2859:Wikidata
2708:10588300
2591:bob10660
2550:BirdLife
2539:BioLib:
2484:Wikidata
2343:(2018).
2333:15129966
2182:cite web
2113:(1890).
2093:(1890).
2039:(1942).
2026:, IX.11.
1786:15347509
1725:Ferminia
1707:32191719
1667:PLOS ONE
1640:(1828).
1548:(1809).
1527:(1555).
1480:(1758).
1224:farthing
1208:" story.
1095:basileus
1090:Plutarch
1068:Plutarch
1018:larvae,
1014:larvae,
949:brambles
881:Breeding
860:nuthatch
825:brambles
817:thickets
798:Sardinia
786:St Kilda
782:Hebrides
778:Shetland
730:cockerel
612:St Kilda
600:Scotland
458:Taxonomy
428:taxonomy
380:. It is
269:Synonyms
225:Linnaeus
171:Family:
145:Chordata
141:Phylum:
135:Animalia
121:Domain:
98:IUCN 3.1
2879:9116699
2682:5231438
2617:winwre4
2578:winwre4
2527:Avibase
2455:Biology
2443:Animals
2417:Portals
2324:1691619
2250:Wren".
2236:Sources
2007:Erasmus
1931:Collins
1777:1691815
1698:7082076
1675:Bibcode
1610:The Auk
1417:1370013
1219:zodiac.
1030:of the
961:swallow
794:Corsica
756:, India
734:dunnock
653:plumage
474:of his
401:Germany
335:Maghreb
329:family
181:Genus:
161:Order:
151:Class:
96: (
2825:558598
2799:379193
2786:259813
2721:178547
2695:145363
2638:EURING
2630:TRGLTR
2490:Q25740
2398:Stamps
2351:
2331:
2321:
2286:
2258:
2062:
2011:Adages
1911:
1886:
1784:
1774:
1705:
1695:
1588:28 May
1507:
1415:
1380:wrens"
1354:
1311:9 June
1217:Celtic
1171:laurel
1161:, the
1132:martyr
1121:Druids
1024:aphids
1012:beetle
969:dipper
945:lichen
806:Cyprus
784:, and
780:, the
766:Sicily
754:Sikkim
630:. The
594:, the
587:T. t.
545:Nannus
413:troglÄ
350:lumped
260:
254:
248:
67:Surrey
2820:WoRMS
2812:18149
2760:36278
2703:IRMNG
2656:97263
2643:10660
2612:eBird
2604:598TT
2575:BOW:
2431:Birds
1413:JSTOR
1383:(PDF)
1231:Notes
1212:City.
1072:eagle
1064:Aesop
1000:moths
937:grass
929:nests
867:robin
829:gorse
802:Crete
721:churr
717:robin
626:, to
448:clade
419:dyein
408:Greek
378:Japan
352:with
317:) or
2874:GBIF
2755:NCBI
2729:IUCN
2716:ITIS
2677:GBIF
2625:EPPO
2568:9758
2563:BOLD
2542:8856
2349:ISBN
2329:PMID
2284:ISBN
2256:ISBN
2225:2020
2188:link
2174:2020
2125:2010
2060:ISBN
2003:#238
1909:ISBN
1884:ISBN
1804:Tori
1782:PMID
1703:PMID
1590:2022
1505:ISBN
1352:ISBN
1313:2021
1296:2018
1206:Seal
1110:king
1088:and
1034:and
1006:and
998:and
976:eggs
967:and
941:moss
906:MHNT
889:Eggs
804:and
725:song
698:song
684:Song
638:and
590:orii
562:and
372:and
370:Iran
339:wren
327:wren
307:The
229:1758
155:Aves
2807:TSA
2773:199
2742:NBN
2599:CoL
2586:BTO
2514:ADW
2375:at
2319:PMC
2311:doi
2307:271
1966:doi
1772:PMC
1762:doi
1758:271
1731:hdl
1693:PMC
1683:doi
1618:doi
1614:127
1458:hdl
1448:doi
1440:Auk
1403:hdl
1395:doi
1391:101
1300:doi
1192:by
1186:In
1066:by
1016:fly
953:ivy
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