468:
731:
568:
594:, the species breeds in spring (e.g. from April) but in tropical parts of its range it times breeding to coincide with rainfall. Breeding is normally in single species colonies or in small single species groups amidst mixed-species colonies of other waterbirds such as herons, egrets and cormorants. Outside the breeding season Eurasian spoonbills forage singly or in small flocks of up to 100 individuals. Migration is usually conducted in flocks of up to 100 individuals. Most activity takes place during the morning and evening (although in coastal areas foraging is governed by tidal rhythms), they often roost communally in roosts which are up to 15 km (9.3 mi) away from the feeding areas.
719:
479:
583:
704:
1534:
743:
692:
97:
221:
434:
645:
was in 1900. Through the 1900s, this breeding population was small and highly irregular, including long periods with none. The species became more thoroughly established in
Denmark in 1996 (where a few birds, likely from the Netherlands, arrived and began breeding) and its population has since rapidly increased with multiple colonies; first passing 100 pairs in 2011, and with almost 600 pairs as of 2021. It is likely that this northward spread has been aided by
31:
55:
759:
440:
438:
435:
439:
597:
The nest is a platform of sticks and vegetation which is either constructed on the ground on islands in lakes and rivers or in dense stands of reeds, bushes, mangroves or deciduous trees up to 5 m (16 ft) above the ground. Within colonies neighbouring nests are usually quite close together,
668:
Threats to the
Eurasian spoonbill include habitat loss and degradation by drainage and pollution, it is especially adversely affected by the disappearance of reed swamps. In Greece disturbance from fishing once caused the population to decline, and human exploitation of eggs and nestlings for food
644:
it rapidly increased from the 1980s, reaching almost 3000 pairs by 2015. Up to the early 2000s, in Europe only the
Netherlands, Spain, Austria, Hungary and Greece had sizeable breeding populations. The northernmost part of the Eurasian spoonbill's range is in Denmark where the first known breeding
437:
626:, tadpoles and small fish up to 10–15 cm (3.9–5.9 in) long. It may also take algae or small fragments of aquatic plants (although these are possibly ingested accidentally with animal matter). They use sideways sweeps of their beaks to filter out the tiny fish and shrimps.
634:
Overall, the
Eurasian spoonbill is not threatened and the total global population was estimated at 63–65,000 mature birds in 2015. In Europe, the population experienced a significant decrease between 1960 and 1990, but since then it has been increasing and was estimated to number
452:. It has a crest in the breeding season. Non-breeders lack the crest and breast patch, and immature birds have a pale bill and black tips to the primary flight feathers. Unlike herons, spoonbills fly with their necks outstretched. The Eurasian spoonbill differs from the
1553:
598:
no more than 1 or 2 m (3.3 or 6.6 ft) apart. Breeding colonies are normally sited within 10–15 km (6.2–9.3 mi) of feeding areas, often much less (although the species may also feed up to 35–40 km (22–25 mi) away).
530:, be it fresh, brackish or saline water. They are especially attracted to locations with undisturbed islands for nesting and habitats with dense, riparian-emergent vegetation (e.g. reedbeds) and scattered trees/shrubs, especially
436:
673:. Consequently, colonies are often restricted to islands free of ground predators; however, in some places, pairs in mainland colonies may breed successfully by nesting off the ground in trees and bushes.
518:
south to winter in southwestern Europe, the northern half of Africa or warm parts of Asia. However, some northern birds do remain in the general region during the winter, including the United
Kingdom, the
639:
29,000 mature birds in 2020. For example, in the
Netherlands, the population had reached a low point of less than 150 breeding pairs in 1968, but due to better habitat protection and bans of toxins like
486:
This species is found widely in Europe, Asia and Africa. In Europe, it breeds from the United
Kingdom and Portugal in the west, locally through the continent; ranging north to Denmark and east to the
677:
590:
More northerly breeding populations are fully migratory but may only migrate short distances while other, more southerly populations are resident and nomadic or partially migratory. In the
2533:
448:
This species is almost unmistakable in most of its range. The breeding bird is all white except for its dark legs, black bill with a yellow tip, and a yellow breast patch like a
657:. There were breeding attempts again in the mid-1990s, with the first successful breeding in 1998. This culminated with the formation of a small colony of 6 breeding pairs at
526:
Eurasian spoonbills show a preference for extensive, shallow wetlands with muddy clay or fine, sandy beds. They may inhabit any type of marsh, river, lake, floodplain or
1290:]. Nederlandse Fauna 5 (in Dutch). Leiden: Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum Naturalis, KNNV Uitgeverij & European Invertebrate Survey-Nederland. p. 88.
467:
676:
The research network
Eurasian Spoonbill International Expert Group was formed in 1991. It made an action plan for the bird in 2008. In 2013 the group joined the
1497:
730:
282:, native to Europe, Africa and Asia. The species is partially migratory with the more northerly breeding populations mostly migrating south for the winter.
1419:
459:
They are mostly silent. Even at their breeding colonies the main sounds are bill snapping, occasional deep grunting and occasional trumpeting noises.
2663:
1315:
554:
Eurasian spoonbills may also frequent sheltered marine habitats during the winter, such as deltas, estuaries, tidal creeks and coastal lagoons.
742:
2715:
1438:
967:
963:
703:
2847:
1603:
665:
in 2010. In 2011, 8 breeding pairs nested, successfully fledging 14 young, and in 2018 the colony had increased to 28 breeding pairs.
877:
Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
2624:
1189:
2676:
653:
around 1668, although in the previous century it had been a widespread breeding species in southern
England and Wales, even near
1214:
Lok, T.; Overdijk, O.; Horn, H.; Piersma, T. (2009). "De lepelaarpopulatie van de Waddenkomt het einde van de groei in zicht?".
718:
2741:
1295:
1042:
975:
2681:
2867:
1581:
1498:"International Single Species Action Plan for the Conservation of the Eurasian Spoonbill (Complete) (TS No.35) | AEWA"
669:
has threatened the species in the past. Breeding colonies are highly vulnerable to general disturbances and predators like
1483:
498:, as well as Kuwait, southern Iraq, Iran, southern Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka. In Africa, it breeds locally in coastal
1238:"Colony-breeding Eurasian Spoonbills in The Netherlands: local limits to population growth with expansion into new areas"
2637:
2572:
1153:
1173:
1107:
567:
1461:
901:
A Natural History of Birds : Illustrated with a Hundred and One Copper Plates, Curiously Engraven from the Life
2862:
2793:
2720:
2603:
2642:
2616:
2585:
1596:
1523:
1123:
299:
211:
764:
315:. Linnaeus cited works by earlier authors including the description and illustration by the English naturalist
2824:
2702:
2507:
2426:
572:
2489:
2484:
2179:
1540:
1094:
758:
494:. In Asia, it breeds in a broad band across the central part of the continent, from the Black Sea to the
1589:
1058:
825:
478:
2857:
2798:
2453:
96:
456:
with which in overlaps in winter, in that the latter species has a red face and legs, and no crest.
1545:
947:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 267.
1423:
924:(in Latin) (2nd ed.). Stockholmiae: Sumtu & Literis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. p. 57.
2348:
1030:
320:
2772:
2668:
2471:
2388:
691:
351:
2694:
921:
Fauna svecica, sistens animalia sveciae regni mammalia, aves amphibia, pisces, insecta, vermes
904:. Vol. 2. London: Printed for the author and sold by William Innys. p. 61, Plate 66.
2767:
2318:
1793:
1740:
710:
367:
309:
191:
2759:
2440:
1611:
993:"Molecular phylogeny of the spoonbills (Aves: Threskiornithidae) based on mitochondrial DNA"
991:
Chesser, R. Terry; Yeung, Carol K.L.; Yao, Cheng-Te; Tians, Xiu-Hua; Li, Shou-Hsien (2010).
880:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 139.
582:
2559:
2476:
2435:
2190:
1709:
1514:
8:
2075:
1748:
1699:
1237:
1062:
802:
291:
44:
1571:
1533:
331:
and means "broad", referring to the distinctive shape of the bill; the specific epithet
1906:
1896:
1838:
1828:
1260:
370:. In England it was traditionally known as the "shovelard", a name later used for the
91:
421:) was formerly considered as a subspecies.. Birds in Asia were sometimes separated as
397:
2852:
2811:
2754:
2538:
2520:
2358:
2328:
2004:
1758:
1730:
1625:
1348:
1291:
1169:
1149:
1103:
1102:. Vol. 1: Ostrich to Ducks. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. pp. 472–507 .
1038:
1012:
992:
971:
511:
453:
371:
355:
279:
158:
2512:
1264:
942:
919:
899:
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2120:
1971:
1961:
1621:
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1004:
820:
650:
495:
2499:
1394:
1369:
875:
2728:
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2050:
414:
363:
304:
2785:
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1720:
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1951:
1783:
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895:
646:
527:
515:
148:
1008:
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2411:
2241:
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1016:
915:
891:
871:
811:
520:
406:
388:
336:
316:
295:
207:
64:
59:
2577:
2085:
1926:
1861:
1690:
1397:. Dansk Ornitologisk Forening (Danish Ornithological Society). 26 July 2017
1372:. Dansk Ornitologisk Forening (Danish Ornithological Society). 18 June 2022
1256:
847:
507:
510:
coasts. Whereas those breeding in warmer parts of Asia, in Africa and the
2650:
2420:
2110:
1981:
1942:
1916:
1566:
220:
2463:
2806:
2629:
2027:
1886:
1877:
1819:
1803:
1575:
938:
619:
591:
499:
378:
30:
678:
Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds
2733:
2297:
2244:
2169:
2130:
2066:
1774:
1638:
1617:
1166:
Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status
491:
275:
168:
108:
2655:
2551:
2382:
514:
are resident or only move locally, more northern breeders generally
2405:
2101:
1341:
611:
381:
are recognised. These are listed below with their breeding ranges.
128:
2819:
2564:
2448:
2283:
1676:
1671:
670:
662:
658:
547:
503:
472:
449:
2746:
1669:
654:
607:
531:
487:
118:
1037:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 139.
323:
as Europe but restricted it to Sweden in 1761. The genus name
2780:
2546:
2272:
1660:
1484:"AEWA International Species Expert Groups (ISEG) | AEWA"
576:
359:
328:
81:
75:
1641:
1613:
1314:
Nyegaard, T.; Meltofte, H.; Tofft, J.; Grell, M.B. (2014).
623:
615:
271:
267:
138:
1370:"Varmere klima sender flere fuglearter nordpå til Danmark"
1313:
641:
539:
1235:
1067:"Ibis, spoonbills, herons, Hamerkop, Shoebill, pelicans"
1236:
Oudman, T.; de Goeij, P.; Piersma, T.; Lok, T. (2017).
358:
found that the Eurasian spoonbill is sister taxon to a
1439:"Spoonbills return to breed in the UK after 300 years"
1395:"Mange skestorke flokkes i det våde danske sommerland"
1213:
800:
1098:. In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. (eds.).
1057:
990:
391:, 1758 – Europe to north China, India and Sri Lanka
319:that was published in 1734. Linnaeus specified the
1316:"Truede og sjældne ynglefugle i Danmark 1998-2012"
1095:"Family Threskiornithidae (Ibises and Spoonbills)"
1093:
826:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22697555A155460986.en
1414:
1412:
2839:
1389:
1387:
1309:
1307:
1271:
1409:
1288:Atlas of the Breeding Birds of the Netherlands
1284:Atlas van de Nederlandse Broedvogels 1998–2000
1091:
471:Common spoonbill in Danube Biosphere Reserve,
1597:
1231:
1229:
1384:
1304:
960:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
937:
1335:
1333:
1035:The Oxford Dictionary of British Bird Names
890:
462:
1604:
1590:
1532:
1226:
984:
409:, 1928 – coasts of the Red Sea and Somalia
219:
53:
29:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1430:
824:
342:meaning "spoonbill", itself derived from
1330:
1277:
1029:
914:
870:
581:
566:
557:
477:
466:
432:
1420:"Breeding spoonbills return to Holkham"
1320:Dansk Ornitologisk Forenings Tidsskrift
957:
233: Breeding (locally also wintering)
2840:
2643:eurasian-spoonbill-platalea-leucorodia
1572:Audio recordings of Eurasian spoonbill
1449:
933:
931:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
586:Museum specimen - île Kiji, Mauritania
2387:
2386:
2240:
1637:
1585:
1436:
1073:. International Ornithologists' Union
962:. London: Christopher Helm. pp.
941:; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979).
400:& Roux, F, 1974 – west Mauritania
2825:42B018F0-3C38-4E29-A34B-9F9AA9C8F53F
2617:55d77a3f-d1d4-48ff-8df6-eff61b7eb1d6
1339:
2848:IUCN Red List least concern species
1422:. 12 September 2011. Archived from
1085:
1051:
928:
812:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
779:
601:
13:
1100:Handbook of the Birds of the World
294:in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist
14:
2879:
1508:
1092:Matheu, E.; del Hoyo, J. (1992).
736:1726 drawing by Jacobus Houbraken
354:study of the spoonbills based on
1554:Eurasian spoonbill photo gallery
1195:. BirdLife Europe. 1 August 2021
1168:. BirdLife International. 2004.
1071:IOC World Bird List Version 14.1
944:Check-List of Birds of the World
801:BirdLife International (2019) .
757:
741:
729:
717:
702:
690:
649:. In the United Kingdom, it was
95:
1515:BirdLife species factsheet for
1490:
1476:
1437:Unwin, Brian (27 August 2000).
1362:
1278:Overdijk, O. (2002). "Lepelaar
1207:
1182:
1158:
1138:
1116:
629:
1462:"Focus on: Eurasian Spoonbill"
1340:Holm, TS; et al. (2020).
1023:
951:
908:
884:
864:
840:
765:New International Encyclopedia
750:The Garden of Earthly Delights
428:
1:
772:
709:Immature Eurasian spoonbill,
636:
606:The diet consists of aquatic
1646:subfamily: Threskiornithinae
1556:at VIREO (Drexel University)
1190:"European Red List of Birds"
502:, but more widely along the
7:
2868:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2281:
562:
290:The Eurasian spoonbill was
285:
10:
2884:
1541:"Eurasian spoonbill media"
958:Jobling, James A. (2010).
683:
482:in breeding plumage, Spain
38:Adult in breeding plumage
2395:
2295:
2280:
2271:
2267:
2236:
2204:
2167:
2144:
2099:
2064:
2041:
2018:
1995:
1940:
1875:
1852:
1817:
1772:
1688:
1668:
1659:
1655:
1633:
1560:Interactive range map of
1464:. BirdGuides. 2 July 2020
1342:"Fugle 2018-2019, NOVANA"
1009:10.11646/zootaxa.2603.1.2
819:: e.T22697555A155460986.
227:
218:
197:
190:
92:Scientific classification
90:
73:
51:
42:
37:
28:
23:
2180:Moloka'i flightless ibis
1546:Internet Bird Collection
1065:, eds. (December 2023).
1031:Lockwood, William Burley
463:Distribution and habitat
444:Eurasian spoonbill video
2863:Birds described in 1758
2349:Yellow-billed spoonbill
1612:Traditional listing of
647:increasing temperatures
1747:) and supporting page
1257:10.5253/arde.v105i2.a2
1144:Attenborough, D. 1998
587:
579:
483:
475:
445:
368:black-faced spoonbills
352:molecular phylogenetic
2768:Paleobiology Database
2319:Black-faced spoonbill
1794:White-shouldered ibis
1741:Australian white ibis
1524:"Platalea leucorodia"
711:Bundala National Park
585:
570:
558:Behaviour and ecology
481:
470:
443:
2612:Fauna Europaea (new)
2191:Maui flightless ibis
1753:T. moluccus pygmaeus
1710:Malagasy sacred ibis
1675:(prefix † indicates
848:"Appendices | CITES"
571:Migrant breeding in
2812:Platalea-leucorodia
2539:platalea-leucorodia
2441:Platalea_leucorodia
2427:Platalea leucorodia
2397:Platalea leucorodia
2076:American white ibis
1749:Solomons white ibis
1700:African sacred ibis
1562:Platalea leucorodia
1517:Platalea leucorodia
1280:Platalea leucorodia
805:Platalea leucorodia
313:Platalea leucorodia
259:Platalea leucorodia
201:Platalea leucorodia
45:Conservation status
24:Eurasian spoonbill
2309:Eurasian spoonbill
1907:Spot-breasted ibis
1839:Southern bald ibis
1829:Northern bald ibis
1567:IUCN Red List maps
1146:The Life of Birds.
1061:; Donsker, David;
748:Hieronymus Bosch:
622:, worms, leeches,
588:
580:
484:
476:
446:
308:under the current
292:formally described
254:Eurasian spoonbill
183:P. leucorodia
2835:
2834:
2755:Open Tree of Life
2389:Taxon identifiers
2380:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2359:Roseate spoonbill
2329:African spoonbill
2291:
2290:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2005:Sharp-tailed ibis
1759:Straw-necked ibis
1735:T. melanocephalus
1731:Black-headed ibis
1684:
1683:
1626:Threskiornithidae
1349:Aarhus University
1297:978-90-5011-161-4
1063:Rasmussen, Pamela
1044:978-0-19-866196-2
977:978-1-4081-2501-4
512:Iberian Peninsula
454:African spoonbill
441:
372:northern shoveler
356:mitochondrial DNA
280:Threskiornithidae
250:
249:
159:Threskiornithidae
85:
68:
2875:
2858:Birds of Eurasia
2828:
2827:
2815:
2814:
2802:
2801:
2789:
2788:
2776:
2775:
2763:
2762:
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2749:
2737:
2736:
2724:
2723:
2711:
2710:
2708:NBNSYS0000000255
2698:
2697:
2685:
2684:
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2503:
2502:
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2454:A0A584C1E7D786FE
2444:
2443:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2384:
2383:
2278:
2277:
2269:
2268:
2238:
2237:
2121:White-faced ibis
1972:Black-faced ibis
1962:Buff-necked ibis
1666:
1665:
1657:
1656:
1635:
1634:
1606:
1599:
1592:
1583:
1582:
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1501:
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1404:
1402:
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1311:
1302:
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1275:
1269:
1268:
1242:
1233:
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1223:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1194:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1162:
1156:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1097:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1027:
1021:
1020:
988:
982:
981:
955:
949:
948:
935:
926:
925:
912:
906:
905:
888:
882:
881:
868:
862:
861:
859:
858:
844:
838:
837:
835:
833:
828:
798:
761:
745:
733:
721:
706:
694:
638:
602:Food and feeding
496:Korean Peninsula
442:
386:P. l. leucorodia
264:common spoonbill
244:
238:
232:
223:
203:
100:
99:
79:
62:
57:
56:
33:
21:
20:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2823:
2818:
2810:
2805:
2797:
2792:
2784:
2779:
2771:
2766:
2758:
2753:
2745:
2740:
2732:
2729:Observation.org
2727:
2719:
2714:
2706:
2701:
2693:
2688:
2680:
2675:
2667:
2662:
2654:
2649:
2641:
2636:
2628:
2623:
2615:
2610:
2602:
2597:
2589:
2584:
2576:
2571:
2563:
2558:
2550:
2545:
2537:
2532:
2524:
2519:
2511:
2506:
2498:
2496:
2488:
2483:
2475:
2470:
2462:
2460:
2452:
2447:
2439:
2434:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2391:
2381:
2368:
2339:Royal spoonbill
2301:
2287:
2263:
2224:
2200:
2163:
2154:Madagascar ibis
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2014:
1991:
1956:T. caerulescens
1936:
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2032:M. cayennensis
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1756:
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321:type locality
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317:Eleazar Albin
314:
311:
310:binomial name
307:
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301:
300:tenth edition
297:
296:Carl Linnaeus
293:
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228:Distribution
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32:
27:
22:
19:
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2362:
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2302:(spoonbills)
2296:
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2256:
2250:
2218:
2205:
2194:
2183:
2168:
2157:
2145:
2134:
2124:
2114:
2100:
2089:
2086:Scarlet ibis
2079:
2065:
2054:
2042:
2031:
2019:
2008:
1996:
1986:T. branickii
1985:
1976:T. melanopis
1975:
1965:
1955:
1941:
1930:
1927:Wattled ibis
1920:
1910:
1900:
1890:
1876:
1865:
1862:Crested ibis
1853:
1842:
1832:
1818:
1807:
1797:
1788:P. papillosa
1787:
1773:
1762:
1752:
1744:
1734:
1724:
1721:Réunion ibis
1713:
1703:
1691:Threskiornis
1689:
1670:
1561:
1544:
1527:
1516:
1492:
1478:
1466:. Retrieved
1442:
1432:
1424:the original
1399:. Retrieved
1374:. Retrieved
1364:
1352:. Retrieved
1323:
1319:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1248:
1244:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1197:. Retrieved
1184:
1165:
1160:
1154:0563 38792 0
1145:
1140:
1128:. Retrieved
1118:
1099:
1087:
1075:. Retrieved
1070:
1053:
1034:
1025:
1000:
996:
986:
959:
953:
943:
920:
910:
900:
886:
876:
866:
855:. Retrieved
851:
842:
830:. Retrieved
816:
810:
804:
749:
724:ID composite
675:
667:
633:
630:Conservation
605:
596:
589:
549:
541:
533:
525:
523:and France.
508:Gulf of Aden
485:
458:
447:
422:
418:
412:
403:
394:
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347:
343:
339:
332:
324:
312:
303:
289:
263:
258:
257:
253:
251:
200:
198:
182:
181:
169:
18:
2651:iNaturalist
2421:Wikispecies
2353:P. flavipes
2251:Plataleinae
2249:subfamily:
2158:L. cristata
2135:P. ridgwayi
2111:Glossy ibis
2009:C. oxycerca
1982:Andean ibis
1966:T. caudatus
1943:Theristicus
1921:B. hagedash
1917:Hadada ibis
1891:B. olivacea
1808:P. gigantea
1798:P. davisoni
1745:T. moluccus
1714:T. bernieri
1124:"Spoonbill"
1059:Gill, Frank
939:Mayr, Ernst
620:crustaceans
429:Description
423:P. l. major
350:"heron". A
340:leukerodios
78:Appendix II
2842:Categories
2807:Xeno-canto
2245:Spoonbills
2146:Lophotibis
2028:Green ibis
1901:B. bocagei
1887:Olive ibis
1878:Bostrychia
1833:G. eremita
1820:Geronticus
1804:Giant ibis
1618:spoonbills
1576:Xeno-canto
1222:: 149–157.
1148:BBC books.
857:2022-01-14
773:References
651:extirpated
592:Palearctic
500:Mauritania
379:subspecies
333:leucorodia
2206:Xenicibis
2195:A. brevis
2184:A. glenos
2170:Apteribis
2131:Puna ibis
2067:Eudocimus
1866:N. nippon
1843:G. calvus
1775:Pseudibis
1445:. London.
1033:(1993) .
1017:1175-5326
852:cites.org
697:Nestlings
492:Black Sea
276:spoonbill
177:Species:
115:Kingdom:
109:Eukaryota
2853:Platalea
2781:Species+
2695:22697555
2669:10196492
2565:45512149
2477:22697555
2472:BirdLife
2461:BioLib:
2406:Wikidata
2363:P. ajaja
2343:P. regia
2323:P. minor
2298:Platalea
2257:Platalea
2125:P. chihi
2102:Plegadis
2090:E. ruber
2080:E. albus
2043:Phimosus
1997:Cercibis
1854:Nipponia
1679:species)
1265:90180890
918:(1761).
898:(1734).
874:(1758).
832:21 March
612:mollusks
575:, south
563:Breeding
542:Quercus
490:and the
389:Linnaeus
335:is from
325:Platalea
286:Taxonomy
208:Linnaeus
170:Platalea
155:Family:
129:Chordata
125:Phylum:
119:Animalia
105:Domain:
65:IUCN 3.1
2820:ZooBank
2630:2480801
2552:eurspo1
2513:bob1440
2500:eurspo1
2449:Avibase
2412:Q171360
2333:P. alba
2284:Species
2255:genus:
1911:B. rara
1677:extinct
1672:Species
1528:Avibase
1376:29 June
1354:29 June
1077:23 July
997:Zootaxa
684:Gallery
671:red fox
663:Norfolk
659:Holkham
608:insects
550:Populus
548:poplar
532:willow
516:migrate
504:Red Sea
488:Balkans
473:Ukraine
450:pelican
407:Neumann
398:Naurois
348:erodios
302:of his
298:in the
278:family
270:of the
165:Genus:
145:Order:
135:Class:
80: (
63: (
2799:416678
2773:368589
2760:317305
2747:416678
2721:257867
2682:174933
2586:EURING
2490:747386
1642:Ibises
1622:family
1614:ibises
1468:21 May
1401:21 May
1294:
1263:
1216:Limosa
1199:21 May
1172:
1152:
1130:21 May
1126:. RSPB
1106:
1041:
1015:
974:
767:, 1902
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