70:
53:
239:
94:
518:. After weeks of isolation as a result of Turkey blocking arms and fighters from entering the city, the US-led coalition finally began to target the ISIL assault forces with airstrikes. This move helped the YPG/YPJ to force ISIL to retreat from the city, and much of the surrounding region was retaken by Kurdish forces. After the successful summer 2015
599:
Around the region, but in particular in the city of Kobanî, economic priorities are the continuing war and reconstruction, including help for returning refugees. Most of the city and surrounding villages have been destroyed or badly damaged, and there is a danger of landmines. As of
January 2017, in
501:
against the
Euphrates Region, capturing more than 100 Kurdish villages. As a consequence of the ISIL occupation, up to 200,000 Kurdish refugees fled from the Euphrates Region to Turkey, allowed in only under the condition that they left their vehicles and livestock behind. While committing massacres
618:
Like in the other regions in the
Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria, primary education in public schools is initially instructed according to each student's mother tongue, be it Kurdish or Arabic. Students then begin to learn their second language of Kurdish or Arabic, as well as
600:
spite off the paucity of resources available and the embargoes imposed on the region, the rebuilding process has made considerable progress; over 70% of damaged roads have been restored, two hospitals rebuilt and another two added, and the 15 schools rebuilt now host over 50,000 students.
623:
in both
Kurdish and Arabic by secondary schooling. Curricula are a topic of continuous debate between the regions' Boards of Education and the Syrian central government in Damascus, which partly pays the teachers. With Euphrates Region being home to a
69:
631:
The federal, regional and local administrations in Rojava put much emphasis on promoting libraries and educational centers, to facilitate learning and social and artistic activities. One cited example is the May 2016 established
1510:
826:
1366:
1424:
1503:
1131:
1270:
1039:
738:
1496:
369:
The current population of
Euphrates Region is unknown due to substantial refugee movements, but that of Kobane Canton alone before 2014 was estimated at 400,000, with an ethnic
1295:
979:
1069:
1575:
812:
742:
1370:
412:
was settled by
Kurdish tribes at the beginning of the 17th century. In modern post-independence Syria, the Kurdish population of the region was subject to heavy-handed
1826:
1420:
946:
1692:
560:
man). According to the constitutional
Charter of the Social Contract, the Kobanî Canton's Legislative Assembly declared autonomy at its 27 January 2014 session.
1102:
1399:
1316:
1160:
522:
of YPG/YPJ forces against ISIL, municipalities there voted to join the autonomous Kobanî Canton administration, creating the region in its contemporary shape.
338:
1548:
1663:
1732:
346:
764:
1847:
553:
169:
1519:
1245:
1184:
287:
125:
1123:
541:
165:
1727:
1266:
1031:
1722:
1717:
705:
487:
1345:
483:
342:
1004:
1612:
479:
1291:
971:
1061:
790:
585:
While there is no significant industrial area in the
Euphrates Region, there is a large number of cement production facilities.
863:
734:
380:
The largest locality of the region and the only one with more than 10,000 inhabitants is according to the 2004 Syrian census,
1852:
1463:
893:
459:
and Arabs, fled on 21 July. ISIL fighters looted and destroyed the property of Kurds, and in some cases, resettled displaced
1553:
1219:
712:
440:
1568:
535:
52:
938:
917:
1092:
1391:
1320:
1152:
939:"Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic: Twenty-seventh session"
57:
768:
1488:
1602:
1592:
503:
502:
and kidnapping women in the seized villages, ISIL forces were not able to occupy the entire region, as the
219:
1807:
1241:
1192:
486:
in July 2013. As ISIL consolidated its authority in Raqqa, Kurdish civilians were forcibly displaced from
1857:
1607:
1558:
507:
1479:
1862:
1867:
1792:
1563:
266:
1597:
1580:
817:
227:
716:
1637:
1627:
1617:
1341:
649:
1687:
1543:
686:
531:
433:
323:
315:
307:
1008:
497:
Euphrates Region has seen fighting with the
Islamic State since 2014. In September 2014, ISIL
1538:
619:
additional instruction of
English. This is due to Rojava's stated goal of students achieving
374:
198:
106:
373:
majority. Due to intense fighting at least three-quarters of the population fled across the
1802:
1767:
1697:
822:
519:
403:
354:
291:
208:
8:
1483:
628:
minority, school education bilingual in Turkish and Arabic has also been made available.
613:
311:
299:
1762:
1752:
1455:
609:
545:
295:
111:
674:
511:
498:
399:
16:
One of seven de facto regions of the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
1622:
1459:
889:
782:
467:
444:
425:
358:
303:
283:
115:
75:
853:
1787:
1772:
578:
The economy of the region is mainly based on agriculture, with the introduction of
569:
417:
250:
429:
1449:
654:
620:
421:
393:
258:
1215:
1757:
1742:
1392:"Confederalisme democràtic: Noves classes en llengua turcmana al nord de Síria"
625:
370:
1518:
972:"Isis onslaught against Kurds in Syria brings 'man-made disaster' into Turkey"
1841:
1702:
1632:
909:
669:
596:, also in the Euphrates Region; a lot is also produced by diesel generators.
1367:"Education in Rojava: Academy and Pluralistic versus University and Monisma"
318:. Euphrates Region unilaterally declared autonomy in January 2014 and since
1712:
664:
1777:
589:
471:
460:
413:
1093:"Town joins Kurdish-led order in Syria, widening sway at Turkish border"
238:
1005:"ISIL seizes 21 Kurdish villages in northern Syria, close in on Kobane"
579:
573:
549:
452:
783:"Kobane Under Intense ISIS Attack, Excluded from UN Humanitarian Aid"
593:
409:
189:
515:
491:
428:
forces withdrew from the area, and on 27 January 2014 an autonomous
381:
150:
1124:"Armenian woman at the head of the Euphrates Region Administration"
1032:"Hundreds Wait for Kobani Fighting to End, Risking Lives at Border"
858:
456:
1292:"Hassakeh: Syriac Language to Be Taught in PYD-controlled Schools"
478:, in abandoned Kurdish homes. A similar pattern was documented in
443:(ISIL) began to forcibly displace Kurdish civilians from towns in
322:
is under direct democratic government in line with the polyethnic
1747:
1097:
1797:
1585:
1267:"After 52-year ban, Syrian Kurds now taught Kurdish in schools"
659:
637:
334:
215:
194:
79:
40:
1421:"Kurds establish university in Rojava amid Syrian instability"
277:
582:
agriculture since the establishment of the Euphrates Region.
475:
448:
99:
557:
463:
408:
The present Kurdish-populated area on the left bank of the
416:
policies by the Damascus government. In the course of the
1062:"YPG official: Airstrikes not enough to protect Kobani"
813:"Syria says giving military support to Kurds in Kobani"
1317:"Kurds introduce own curriculum at schools of Rojava"
765:"Euphrates region within the administrative division"
540:
Kobanî's Legislative Assembly has two co-presidents,
455:
or else be killed, thousands of civilians, including
1520:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
695:, Table 4.1 Cantons of the Rojava Administration.
494:area, in March and September 2014, respectively.
341:subordinate to it) and the Kobani area (with the
288:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
126:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
80:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
41:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
1839:
1153:"Preparations for "Jotkar" agricultural project"
1007:. AFP/Reuters. 18 September 2014. Archived from
969:
1213:
805:
706:"General Census of Population and Housing 2004"
1284:
525:
1504:
1369:. Kurdishquestion. 2014-01-12. Archived from
1029:
999:
997:
910:"SYRIA: The Silenced Kurds; Vol. 8, No. 4(E)"
1413:
886:Syria's Kurds: History, Politics and Society
767:. Hawar News. 15 August 2017. Archived from
329:The region has two subordinate cantons, the
1179:
1177:
965:
963:
883:
436:was declared and institutions established.
1848:States and territories established in 2014
1511:
1497:
1242:"Education in Rojava after the revolution"
994:
848:
846:
844:
1185:"Rojava: The Economic Branches in Detail"
1090:
698:
377:in 2014; however, many returned in 2015.
1174:
960:
931:
877:
237:
1294:. The Syrian Observer. 3 October 2016.
1207:
841:
614:Rojava § Education, media, culture
82:, the Euphrates Region is in light blue
1840:
1447:
1319:. Ara News. 2015-10-02. Archived from
970:Constanze Letsch (22 September 2014).
692:
242:Map of Rojava cantons in February 2014
1492:
829:from the original on October 22, 2014
1480:Map of majority ethnicities in Syria
1222:from the original on 16 January 2017
1072:from the original on 20 October 2014
1042:from the original on 10 October 2017
982:from the original on 2 February 2017
854:"The dangerous rebuilding of Kobani"
588:Some electricity is supplied by the
441:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
270:
1451:Syria: Hot Spots in Global Politics
1342:"Revolutionary Education in Rojava"
1214:Manisha Ganguly (14 January 2017).
536:List of political parties in Rojava
349:subordinate to it), as well as the
262:
254:
13:
793:from the original on 18 April 2015
14:
1879:
1473:
1191:. 14 January 2017. Archived from
1030:Ayla Albayrak (17 October 2014).
306:, and the westernmost tip of the
745:from the original on 30 May 2019
92:
68:
51:
1427:from the original on 2018-07-18
1402:from the original on 2016-10-30
1384:
1359:
1348:from the original on 2020-06-21
1334:
1309:
1298:from the original on 2016-10-04
1273:from the original on 2016-05-10
1259:
1248:from the original on 2016-09-24
1234:
1163:from the original on 2016-12-20
1145:
1134:from the original on 2020-08-03
1116:
1105:from the original on 2016-08-19
1084:
1054:
1023:
949:from the original on 2015-11-09
920:from the original on 2017-03-12
866:from the original on 2015-03-20
364:
1441:
902:
775:
757:
1:
1091:Tom Perry (21 October 2015).
680:
1853:2014 establishments in Syria
1216:"Raising Kobanî from Rubble"
713:Central Bureau of Statistics
603:
278:
122:De facto regional government
7:
1423:. Kurdistan24. 2016-07-07.
1344:. New Compass. 2015-02-17.
888:. Routledge. pp. 10–.
732:Also available in English:
643:
526:Politics and administration
447:. After demanding that all
249:, formerly Kobanî Canton, (
181: • Estimate
10:
1884:
1269:. Al-Monitor. 2015-11-06.
607:
567:
563:
529:
510:(YPJ) forces successfully
397:
391:
387:
162: • Co-presidents
135:January 27, 2014
1822:
1793:North Mesopotamian Arabic
1683:
1676:
1659:
1652:
1603:People's Protection Units
1534:
1527:
1448:Abboud, Samer N. (2018).
504:People's Protection Units
490:, and from the immediate
226:
205:
188:
180:
175:
161:
156:
146:
131:
121:
105:
87:
67:
47:
33:
21:
1608:Women's Protection Units
1598:Syrian Democratic Forces
508:Women's Protection Units
499:launched a major assault
25:
1638:Afrin Liberation Forces
1628:Army of Revolutionaries
1618:Syriac Military Council
1482:by Gulf2000 project of
1189:cooperativeeconomy.info
943:UN Human Rights Council
650:Federalization of Syria
512:put up stiff resistance
1688:Flag of Northern Syria
532:Constitution of Rojava
434:Constitution of Rojava
324:Constitution of Rojava
316:Al-Hasakah Governorate
308:Ras al-Ayn Subdistrict
284:three original regions
243:
1613:SDF military councils
1539:Libertarian socialism
634:Rodî û Perwîn Library
574:Rojava § Economy
398:Further information:
241:
207: • Summer (
147:Administrative center
1803:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
1159:. 11 February 2016.
1130:. 12 February 2020.
1128:anfenglishmobile.com
884:Jordi Tejel (2008).
825:. October 22, 2014.
823:Agence France-Presse
711:(in Arabic). Syrian
520:Tell Abyad offensive
404:Tell Abyad offensive
361:subordinate to it).
339:al-Jalabiya district
292:Ayn al-Arab District
282:) is the central of
1593:Self-Defense Forces
1484:Columbia University
1398:. 25 October 2016.
1244:. ANF. 2016-05-16.
1218:. realmedia.press.
1068:. 14 October 2014.
1036:Wall Street Journal
548:woman refugee from
347:Qenaya Subdistricts
312:Ras al-Ayn District
300:Tell Abyad District
1858:Aleppo Governorate
914:Human Rights Watch
771:on 18 August 2017.
735:"2004 Census Data"
722:on 8 December 2015
610:Education in Syria
466:families from the
439:In July 2013, the
359:Suluk Subdistricts
333:consisting of the
296:Aleppo Governorate
244:
1863:Raqqa Governorate
1835:
1834:
1818:
1817:
1672:
1671:
1648:
1647:
1623:Al-Sanadid Forces
1569:Political parties
1559:Foreign Relations
1465:978-1-509-52241-5
895:978-1-134-09643-5
468:an-Nabek District
445:Raqqa Governorate
426:Syrian government
304:Raqqa Governorate
276:
236:
235:
132:Autonomy declared
1875:
1868:Euphrates Region
1788:Northern Kurdish
1681:
1680:
1657:
1656:
1532:
1531:
1513:
1506:
1499:
1490:
1489:
1469:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1181:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1001:
992:
991:
989:
987:
967:
958:
957:
955:
954:
935:
929:
928:
926:
925:
906:
900:
899:
881:
875:
874:
872:
871:
850:
839:
838:
836:
834:
809:
803:
802:
800:
798:
789:. 17 July 2014.
779:
773:
772:
761:
755:
754:
752:
750:
731:
729:
727:
721:
715:. Archived from
710:
702:
696:
690:
570:Economy of Syria
470:(Rif Damascus),
418:Syrian Civil War
375:border to Turkey
351:Tel Abyad canton
281:
275:romanized:
274:
272:
267:Classical Syriac
264:
256:
247:Euphrates Region
212:
142:
140:
98:
96:
95:
72:
55:
23:Euphrates Region
19:
18:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1814:
1668:
1644:
1523:
1517:
1476:
1466:
1444:
1439:
1430:
1428:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1405:
1403:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1376:
1374:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1351:
1349:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1326:
1324:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1301:
1299:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1276:
1274:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1251:
1249:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1225:
1223:
1212:
1208:
1198:
1196:
1195:on 28 July 2017
1183:
1182:
1175:
1166:
1164:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1137:
1135:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1108:
1106:
1089:
1085:
1075:
1073:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1045:
1043:
1028:
1024:
1014:
1012:
1011:on 13 July 2018
1003:
1002:
995:
985:
983:
968:
961:
952:
950:
937:
936:
932:
923:
921:
908:
907:
903:
896:
882:
878:
869:
867:
852:
851:
842:
832:
830:
811:
810:
806:
796:
794:
781:
780:
776:
763:
762:
758:
748:
746:
733:
725:
723:
719:
708:
704:
703:
699:
691:
687:
683:
675:Siege of Kobanî
655:Rojava conflict
646:
616:
606:
576:
566:
538:
528:
514:in the city of
422:Rojava conflict
406:
400:Siege of Kobanî
396:
394:Rojava conflict
390:
367:
337:area (with the
279:Ponyotho d'Prat
206:
138:
136:
93:
91:
83:
63:
62:
61:
60:
43:
39:regions of the
29:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1881:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1808:Syrian Turkmen
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1695:
1690:
1684:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1595:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1522: articles
1516:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1475:
1474:External links
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1471:
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840:
818:The Daily Star
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756:
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652:
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626:Syrian Turkmen
605:
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542:Lemis Abdullah
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166:Lemis Abdullah
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1633:Kurdish Front
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1502:
1500:
1495:
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1485:
1481:
1478:
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1467:
1461:
1457:
1454:. Cambridge:
1453:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1373:on 2016-05-10
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1554:Human rights
1544:Constitution
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263:إقليم الفرات
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1768:Circassians
1733:Deir ez-Zor
1442:Works cited
986:17 December
833:October 14,
693:Abboud 2018
590:Tishrin Dam
488:Tel Akhader
472:Deir ez-Zor
414:Arabization
107:Governorate
1842:Categories
1784:Languages
1564:Parliament
1549:Government
1431:2016-07-07
1406:2016-10-29
1377:2016-05-18
1352:2016-05-10
1327:2016-05-18
1302:2016-10-05
1277:2016-05-18
1252:2016-06-10
1226:16 January
1199:16 January
1167:2016-12-07
1157:UKSSD e. V
1138:2020-07-31
1109:2016-10-25
1076:21 October
1066:Al-Monitor
953:2016-10-27
924:2016-12-04
870:2015-03-20
749:15 October
726:15 October
681:References
608:See also:
580:greenhouse
568:See also:
550:Tell Abyad
530:See also:
506:(YPG) and
484:Tal Hassel
453:Tell Abyad
432:under the
392:See also:
384:(44,821).
353:(with the
271:ܦܢܝܬܐ ܕܦܪܬ
176:Population
157:Government
139:2014-01-27
1763:Armenians
1753:Assyrians
1708:Euphrates
1396:KurdisCat
604:Education
594:Euphrates
410:Euphrates
228:Area code
190:Time zone
1827:Category
1528:Politics
1425:Archived
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918:Archived
916:. 1996.
864:Archived
859:Mashable
827:Archived
791:Archived
743:Archived
644:See also
546:Armenian
480:Tel Arab
457:Turkmens
420:and the
355:Ain Issa
345:and the
320:de facto
37:de facto
1778:Bedouin
1773:Yazidis
1758:Turkmen
1748:Syrians
1739:People
1698:Regions
1677:Culture
1664:Economy
1653:Economy
1581:Asayish
1098:Reuters
739:UN OCHA
592:on the
564:Economy
558:Kurdish
552:), and
388:History
371:Kurdish
310:of the
302:of the
294:of the
286:of the
251:Kurdish
232:+963 21
184:322,227
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78:of the
76:regions
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1728:Manbij
1703:Jazira
1586:Sutoro
1576:Police
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1456:Polity
892:
660:Rojava
638:Kobani
516:Kobanî
492:Kobanî
451:leave
382:Kobanî
335:Sarrin
259:Arabic
151:Kobanî
112:Aleppo
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1743:Kurds
1723:Tabqa
1718:Raqqa
1713:Afrin
787:Rudaw
720:(PDF)
709:(PDF)
476:Raqqa
461:Sunni
449:Kurds
343:Şêran
216:UTC+3
195:UTC+2
116:Raqqa
100:Syria
1460:ISBN
1228:2017
1201:2017
1078:2014
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988:2016
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612:and
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