2970:. "The mass of the Oghuz who crossed the Amu Darya towards the west left the Iranian plateaux, which remained Persian, and established themselves more to the west, in Anatolia. Here they divided into Ottomans, who were Sunni and settled, and Turkmens, who were nomads and in part Shiite (or, rather, Alevi). The latter were to keep the name 'Turkmen' for a long time: from the 13th century onwards they 'Turkised' the Iranian populations of Azerbaijan (who spoke west Iranian languages such as Tat, which is still found in residual forms), thus creating a new identity based on Shiism and the use of Turkish. These are the people today known as Azeris."
39:
3278:
congress estimates range from 16 percent to 24 percent – that is, 12–18 million people if we employ the latest total figure for Iran's population (77.8 million). Azeri ethnicsts, on the other hand, argue that overall number is much higher, even as much as 50 percent or more of the total population. Such inflated estimates may have influenced some
Western scholars who suggest that up to 30 percent (that is, some 23 million today) Iranians are Azeris."
303:
3293:(excerpt:"geographic region that comprises the extreme northwestern portion of Iran. It is bounded on the north by the Aras River, which separates it from independent Azerbaijan and Armenia; on the east by the Iranian region of Gīlān and the Caspian Sea; on the south by the Iranian regions of Zanjān and Kordestān; and on the west by Iraq and Turkey. Azerbaijan is 47,441 square miles (122,871 square km) in area.")
2112:, Leiden. C.E. Bosworth (editor): Persians (65 percent), Azeri Turks (16 percent), Kurds (7 percent), Lurs (6 percent), Arabs (2 percent), Baluchis (2 percent), Turkmens (1 percent), Turkish tribal groups such as the Qashqai (1 percent), and non-Persian, non-Turkic groups such as Armenians, Assyrians, and Georgians (less than 1 percent).
1497:
these trade incentives due to the immense trade routes they covered around the globe. Additionally, Armenians were also known for their honesty regarding trade. Furthermore, the policies of Shah Abbas proved to be very successful for the
Iranian economy, where after a brief period of time, the Iranian economy was booming.
2576:
Arabic sources, as well as in
Pahlavi book on the deeds of Ardashir the first Sassanian ruler, for all nomads no matter whether they were linguistically connected to the Kurds of today or not. The population of Luristan, for example, was considered to be Kurdish, as were tribes in Kuhistan and Baluchis in Kirman"
2084:
that the wide-spread "cliché" among residents of Tehran on the number of
Azerbaijanis in the city ("half of Tehran consists of Azerbaijanis"), cannot be taken "seriously into consideration". Arakelova adds that the number of Tehran's inhabitants who have migrated from northwestern areas of Iran, who
1492:
Armenians and
Iranians shared many cultural and religious characteristics. Before the 3rd century AD, no other country had as much influence over Armenia as Parthia. Intermarriage between the Parthian and Armenian nobility was very common, and for a large portion of Armenian history, much of Armenia
1397:
A number of groups of Jews of Iran have split off since ancient times. They are now recognized as separate communities, such as the
Bukharan Jews and Mountain Jews. In addition, there are several thousand in Iran who are, or who are the direct descendants of, Jews who have converted to Islam and the
1248:
The historically large and oil-rich cities of
Mahshahr, Behbahan, Masjed Soleyman, Izeh, Dezful, Shushtar, Andimeshk, Shush, Ramhormoz, Baghemalak, Gotvand, Lali, Omidieh, Aghajari, Hendijan, Ramshir, Haftkel, Bavi are inhabited by people who speak either Luri, Bakhtiari and Persian languages. There
1500:
After the success of the
Armenian community in New Julfa, the Armenians of New Julfa migrated to other major countries. They formed other settlements connecting many of these newly formed Armenian settlements to Isfahan, Iran. These settlements were in the Philippines, India, Venice, France, Spain,
1496:
The newly formed
Armenian community in Isfahan played a considerable role in Iran's economic and cultural development. Shah Abbas I granted the Armenians monopoly over silk and gave them many other trade incentives. Thus, the Armenian community quickly became very wealthy. The Armenians were given
2575:
Richard Frye,"The Golden age of Persia", Phoenix Press, 1975. Second
Impression December 2003. pp 111: "Tribes always have been a feature of Persian history, but the sources are extremely scant in reference to them since they did not 'make' history. The general designation 'Kurd' is found in many
856:
province, one of the most remote and isolated areas of Iran, especially from the majority of the people. The northern part of the province is called Sistan and 63% of the population are ethnic Baloch while the rest are Persian Sistani. The Baloch are Sunni Muslims with a minority who are Shia, in
758:
and their population is estimated to be between three and four million (4% of the population). Gilaki people live both alongside the Alborz mountains, and in the surrounding plains. Consequentially, those living along the northern side of the Alborz mountains tend to raise livestock, while those
1393:
By various estimates, 10,800 Jews remain in Iran, mostly in Tehran, Isfahan, and Shiraz. BBC reported Yazd is home to ten Jewish families, six of them related by marriage, however some estimate the number is much higher. Historically, Jews maintained a presence in many more Iranian cities. Iran
724:, a language native to around 4 million people, but all of them can speak Persian. The Alborz mountains mark the southern boundary of Mazanderani settlement. The Mazanderani peoples number differs between three million and four million (2006 estimate) and many of them are farmers and fishermen.
3277:
Rasmus Christian Elling, Minorities in Iran: Nationalism and Ethnicity after Khomeini, Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. Excerpt: "The number of Azeris in Iran is heavily disputed. In 2005, Amanolahi estimated all Turkic-speaking communities in Iran to number no more than 9 million. CIA and Library of
1366:
of 1979. However, after the revolution many Assyrians left the country, primarily for the United States, and the 1996 census counted only 32,000 Assyrians. Current estimates of the Assyrian population in Iran range from 32,000 (as of 2005) to 50,000 (as of 2007). The Iranian capital,
759:
living in the plains farm. Gilaks play an important role in provincial and national economy, supplying a large portion of the region's agricultural staples, such as rice, grains, tobacco and tea. Other major industries include fishing and caviar exports, and the production of silk.
957:
people of Iranian origin. Estimated numbers or percentages vary significantly and many estimates cited appear to be politically motivated. They are often considered the second largest ethnic group in Iran and the largest ethnic minority. The main estimations are stated below:
2675:"Jamie Stokes,"Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East, Volume 1",Infobase Publishing, 2009. pp 682: "The Talysh are an Iranian people, most of whom now live in the Republic of Azerbaijan, on the southwestern shore of the Caspian Sea, "
983:. Iranian Azerbaijan is one of the most densely populated regions of Iran. Many of these various linguistic, religious, and tribal minority groups, and Azeris themselves have settled widely outside the region. The majority of Azeris are followers of
1779:(due to contemporary internal migration). Their total number nowadays is unknown due to heavy assimilation and lack of censuses based on ethnicity, but are known to be significant. Due to the same assimilation however, no sizeable number speaks the
1149:
and some remain so today. The traditional nomadic Qashqai travelled with their flocks each year from the summer highland pastures north of Shiraz roughly 480 km or 300 mi south to the winter pastures on lower (and warmer) lands near the
435:
At the beginning of the 20th century, Iran had a total population of just below 10 million, with an approximate ethnic composition of: 6 million Persians (60%), 2.5 million Azeris (25%), 0.2 million Mazandaranis and Gilakis each (2% each).
1389:
Judaism is one of the oldest religions practiced in Iran and dates back to late biblical times. The biblical books of Isaiah, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, Chronicles, and Esther contain references to the life and experiences of Jews in Iran.
4144:
4087:
1714:
alongside the Georgians were imported en masse by the Shahs to fulfil roles in the civil administration, the military, and the royal Harem, but also as craftsmen, farmers, amongst other professions. Circassian women were both in
2355:
1485:
Armenian settlements in Iran dates back millennia. Ever since antiquity, Armenians and Iranians have always had significant interactions with each other. These interactions include cultural, linguistic, economic, and more.
2239:
Ervand Abrahimian, "A History of Modern Iran", Cambridge University Press, 2008. p. 18: "Communal Composition of Iran, 1900 Persian 6 million Azeris 2.5 million Mazandaranis 200,000 Gilakis 200,000 Taleshis 20,000 Tatis
1051:. Immigrant Azerbaijani communities have been represented by people prominent not only among urban and industrial working classes but also in commercial, administrative, political, religious, and intellectual circles.
2700:
Paul, Ludwig (1998a). The position of Zazaki among West Iranian languages. In Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference of Iranian Studies, 11–15.09.1995, Cambridge, Nicholas Sims-Williams (ed.), 163–176. Wiesbaden:
2638:
M. ʿAṭāʾī, "Gozāreš-e eqteṣādī dar bāra-ye berenj-e Gīlān wa sāyer-e ḡallāt-e ān/Economic Report on Rice and Other Cereals in Gilan", Taḥqīqāt-e eqteṣādī 2/5-6, 1342 Š., pp. 64–148 (Pers. ed.), 1963, pp. 32–53 (Eng.
2833:
685:
was used for all Iranian nomads (including the population of Luristan as well as tribes in Kuhistan and Baluchis in Kerman) for all nomads, whether they were linguistically connected to the Kurds or not.
899:
According to Victoria Arakelova, Turkic peoples in Iran can be differentiated between "proper Turkic groups (the Turkmens par excellence) and the Turkic-speaking ethnic Iranians, predominantly the
4148:
4091:
1755:. Traces of Circassian settlements have lasted into the 20th century, and small pockets still exist scattered over the country, even after centuries of absorbing and assimilating, such as in
1696:
have been assimilated into the population nowadays. However, significant numbers remain present, and they are the second-largest Caucasian ethnic group in the nation after the Georgians.
1707:
There is scarce a Gentleman in Persia, whose Mother is not a Georgian, or a Circassian Woman; to begin with the King, who commonly is a Georgian, or a Circassian by the Mother's side.
1795:
migrational waves towards mainland Iran stem from the Safavid and Qajar era, however a certain amount also stem from the relatively recent arrivals that migrated as the Circassians
1469:
1662:, and also in Behshahr county, in Farah Abad, and many other places, which are usually called "Gorji Mahalle" (Georgian Neighbourhood). Most of these Georgians no longer speak the
1242:(The city of Abadan is inhabited by Iranians who speak the Abadani dialect of Persian as well as Arabs), and together with Persians, Arabs are one of the two main ethnic groups in
1154:, to the southwest of Shiraz. The majority, however, have now become partially or wholly sedentary. The trend towards settlement has been increasing markedly since the 1960s.
645:
provinces. The authority of tribal elders remains a strong influence among the nomadic population. It is not as dominant among the settled urban population. As is true in
412:
account for about 2–3% of the Iranian population. The remainder, amounting to about 1% of Iranian population, consists of a variety of minor groups, mainly comprising
2214:
2657:
Ehlers, "Die Teelandschaft von Lahidjan/Nordiran", in Beiträge zur Geographie der Tropen and Subtropen. Festschrift für Herbert Wilhelmy, Tübingen, 1970, pp. 229–42
2291:
1501:
the Netherlands, and Russia. Thus, all these led to creating a new age for Iran where Iranian goods traveled the world and were consumed by Europeans and Indians.
661:"mentioned two Lur dynasties among the five Kurdish dynasties that had in the past enjoyed royalty or the highest form of sovereignty or independence." In the
865:
and is inhabited by Baloch people, the next largest city of the province is Zabol in Sistan and is inhabited predominantly by Sistani Persians. The town of
2253:
3616:/ General Council of the Order of the Executive Director is responsible for planning and policy: Mansoor Vaezi; run company experienced researchers Us –
484:
compose 65% of the country's population. However, other sources mention that Persians only comprise 50.5%, or 55.3%. Some of these numbers include the
2148:, the ethnic breakdown of Iran is as follows: Persian 61%, Azeri 16%, Kurd 10%, Lur 6%, Baloch 2%, Arab 2%, Turkmen and Turkic tribes 2%, other 1%.
4263:
3447:
2861:
2001:
1592:), of their Georgian subjects, nowadays, due to intermarrying and assimilating the number of Georgians in Iran is estimated to be over 100,000.
3355:
1930:
2323:
2751:
1623:. In this region the old Georgian identity is retained the best compared to other places in Iran. In many major Iranian cities, such as
979:. Azeris form the largest ethnic group in Iranian Azerbaijan, while Kurds are the second largest group and a majority in many cities of
1670:
and a Georgian identity. Some argue that Iranian Georgians retain remnants of Christian traditions, but there is no evidence for this.
3961:
3624:* Publication Status: Tehran – Institute Press book, published in 1391 * appearance: 296 p: table (the color), diagrams (colored part)
2594:
Dalb, Andrew (1998). Dictionary of Languages: The Definitive Reference to More Than 400 Languages. Columbia University Press. p. 226.
1460:) as their greatest prophet. They number some 10,000 people in Iran, though Alarabiya has put their number as high as 60,000 in 2011.
2085:
are currently Persian-speakers "for the most part", is not more than "several hundred thousands", with the maximum being one million.
1356:
331:
2710:
Andrew Dalby, Dictionary of Languages: the definitive reference to more than 400 languages, Columbia University Press, 2004, pg 496.
1867:
arrived as refugees in 2003, mostly living in refugee camps near the border; an unknown number of these has since returned to Iraq.
1580:
Once a very large minority in Iran mainly due to mass deportations by the various early modern age and modern age Iranian empires (
913:
Smaller Turkic groups account for about 2% of Iranian population between them, about half of this number is accounted for by the
3612:
National Bibliography Number: 2887741 / plan review and assess the country's culture indicators (indicators Ghyrsbty) {report}:
653:. The Lur people may be related to the Kurds from whom they "apparently began to be distinguished from... 1,000 years ago." The
1489:
Armenians used to inhabit a large portion of modern-day northern Iran, most significantly on the western shores of Lake Urmia.
649:
and Kurdish societies, Lur women have much greater freedom than women in other groups within the region. The Luri language is
4225:
4118:
4055:
3935:
3621:
3398:
3040:
2967:
2391:
2992:
2218:
78:
2611:
Middle East Patterns: Places, Peoples, and Politics By Colbert C. Held, John Cummings, Mildred McDonald Held,2005, p. 119.
2475:
716:
are a Caspian people who inhabit the south coast of the Caspian Sea, part of the historical region that used to be called
4256:
3421:
2620:
Colbert C. Held; John Cummings; Mildred McDonald Held (2005). Middle East Patterns: Places, Peoples, and Politics. p. 119
642:
202:
2377:
2298:
394:. They are the second largest ethnicity in Iran, as well as the largest minority group. Other Turkic groups include the
3779:
2560:
615:
3443:
4023:
3203:
3169:
2599:
2533:
1923:
1222:, they are believed to constitute 20% to 25% of the population in the province, most of whom being Sunni Muslims. In
4182:
3951:
Contrera, Russell. "Saving the people, killing the faith – Holland, MI". The Holland Sentinel. Retrieved 2011-12-17.
3871:صابئین ایرانزمین، عکس: عباس تحویلدار، متن: مسعود فروزنده، آلن برونه، تهران: نشر کلید: ۱۳۷۹، شابک: 9789649064550، ص۸
1371:, is home to the majority of Iranian Assyrians; however, approximately 15,000 Assyrians reside in northern Iran, in
746:
and are one of the main ethnic groups residing in the northern part of Iran. Gilaks, along with the closely related
3666:
2777:
2719:"Azari, the Old Iranian Language of Azerbaijan," Encyclopaedia Iranica, op. cit., Vol. III/2, 1987 by E. Yarshater
2838:
1796:
4423:
4249:
2585:
Area handbook for Iran, Harvey Henry Smith, American University (Washington, D.C.), Foreign Area Studies, p. 89
2257:
2184:
1879:
824:
1246:. Most other cities in Khuzestan province are either inhabited by the Lur, Bakhtiari or Persian ethnic groups.
2829:
324:
3774:
1723:, while the men were known as fearsome warriors. Notable Iranians of Circassian descent of the past include
1916:
1667:
773:
The Talysh are an Iranian people. The Talysh of Iran are about 430,000 and live mostly in the province of
3988:
1324:
1039:
provinces. Azerbaijanis also make up significant minorities in various parts of central Iran, especially
925:. According to an estimation presented by the anthropologist Sekandar Amanolahi in peer-reviewed journal
493:
750:, comprise part of the Caspian people, who inhabit the southern and southwestern coastal regions of the
3417:
1336:
720:
and are currently one of the main ethnic groups residing in the northern parts of Iran. They speak the
3477:
3060:
2979:
Farjadian, S.; Ghaderi, A. (4 October 2007). "HLA class II similarities in Iranian Kurds and Azeris".
3894:
2988:
2364:
2050:
2027:
2022:
1457:
1178:
73:
4005:
3688:
4220:. Area Handbook Series (5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office.
3890:
3806:
2809:
2689:
1328:
1186:
996:
992:
980:
874:
650:
317:
68:
3555:
2914:
2789:
3026:
2331:
2032:
1976:
1883:
1870:
Over the same period, there has also been substantial emigration from Iran, especially since the
1836:
1254:
1182:
1077:
878:
708:
are an Iranian people whose homeland is the North of Iran (Tabaristan). Like the closely related
561:
3591:
3560:
3532:
3527:
3504:
3330:
3230:
2794:
568:
and are scattered throughout many other provinces of Iran. It is estimated that up to 1 million
4212:
3363:
3226:
1961:
1899:
1852:
1332:
858:
853:
790:
4045:
3302:
Keith Stanley McLachlan, "The Boundaries of Modern Iran ", Published by UCL Press, 1994. pg 55
3161:
Contemporary Iran : Economy, Society, Politics: Economy, Society, Politics – Google Books
3056:
2684:
it is also spoken in some villages like Vafs and Chehreghan in the central areas of Iran like
2550:
2523:
2174:
4325:
4272:
3850:
3473:
3311:
3288:
2876:
2759:
2685:
2080:
1651:
1081:
927:
1654:, Yazdanshahr and Amir Abad (near Isfahan) there are also Georgian pockets and villages. In
910:, forming the second largest ethnicity in the nation after the majority Persian population.
4289:
3965:
2350:
2055:
2017:
1732:
1343:. They share a common identity, rooted in shared linguistic and religious traditions, with
1320:
1316:
1312:
1282:
954:
946:
940:
907:
832:
820:
721:
500:
391:
345:
158:
3499:
1073:
8:
4379:
3710:
3107:
2500:
2150:
2123:
1895:
1823:. In the 20th to 21st centuries, there has been limited immigration to Iran from Turkey,
1816:
1780:
1720:
1679:
1655:
1562:
1504:
The current Iranian-Armenian population is somewhere around 500,000. They mostly live in
1036:
662:
658:
541:
477:
238:
220:
2666:
Bazin, Marcel. "GĪLĀN". Encyclopædia Iranica, X/VI, pp. 617–25. Retrieved 19 August 2014
3898:
3658:
2855:
2814:
2729:
2454:
2145:
2074:
Some estimates have suggested that one-third of the population of Tehran is Azeri, the
1996:
1871:
1856:
1820:
1812:
1529:
1513:
1421:
1411:
1363:
1219:
1028:
870:
747:
701:
695:
619:
603:
533:
485:
466:
365:
233:
163:
132:
109:
3587:
991:
mainly reside in the northwest provinces, including the Iranian Azerbaijan provinces (
4372:
4365:
4358:
4351:
4221:
4051:
4019:
3931:
3910:
3617:
3394:
3199:
3165:
3036:
2996:
2963:
2896:
2595:
2556:
2529:
2446:
2387:
2346:
2180:
1724:
1663:
1596:
1574:
1558:
1541:
1517:
1480:
1394:
contains the largest Jewish population of any Muslim majority country except Turkey.
1344:
1298:
1190:
1069:
1044:
553:
520:
421:
417:
373:
206:
114:
91:
59:
2292:"Terror Free Tomorrow: Ahmadinejad Front Runner in Upcoming Presidential Elections;"
835:
are also spoken. Tats of Iran are mainly Shia Muslims and about 300,000 population.
4011:
3923:
3906:
3886:
3650:
3325:
2945:
2888:
1991:
1903:
1891:
1887:
1875:
1808:
1736:
1453:
1425:
1162:
1139:
1135:
1127:
1065:
1060:
1024:
1016:
1000:
882:
812:
646:
638:
630:
623:
395:
127:
96:
4122:
2115:
852:
are an Iranian people. The Balochis of Iran live in southern and central parts of
4331:
3613:
3388:
3253:
3193:
3159:
3133:
2075:
1986:
1981:
1966:
1956:
1848:
1844:
1832:
1804:
1744:
1685:
1684:
Like with the Georgians, once a very large minority in Iran all the way from the
1604:
1429:
1304:
1258:
1174:
1158:
1101:
1085:
1020:
1004:
922:
914:
857:
contrast to the Sistani Persians who are adherents of Shia Islam. The capital of
828:
816:
755:
666:
587:
565:
549:
529:
504:
449:
445:
413:
403:
290:
285:
280:
267:
248:
193:
183:
49:
30:
3030:
2778:
http://www.iranchamber.com/people/articles/cultural_anthropology_of_baluchis.php
1577:
in Iran have already lost their language, but retain a clear Georgian identity.
3990:
The Armenian merchants of New Julfa, Isfahan: A study in pre-modern Asian trade
2372:
2360:
1971:
1864:
1824:
1768:
1716:
1612:
1525:
1509:
1308:
1143:
1115:
1097:
1032:
1012:
1008:
918:
894:
782:
670:
599:
496:
481:
470:
460:
399:
390:
constitute a substantial minority of about 15–24%, the largest group being the
387:
357:
353:
349:
254:
243:
188:
3654:
3251:
2892:
2525:
East and West of Zagros: Travel, War and Politics in Persia and Iraq 1913–1921
2215:"Saving the people, killing the faith – News – Holland Sentinel – Holland, MI"
1226:, Arabs are a majority in the province. They are the dominant ethnic group in
873:
is also inhabited by Baloch people. Baloch people also make up a minority in
4417:
4398:
4393:
4344:
4335:
4319:
4295:
4207:
2949:
2936:
Amanolahi, Sekandar (2005). "A Note on Ethnicity and Ethnic Groups in Iran".
2900:
2450:
2368:
1860:
1843:, though a Lebanese community has been present in the nation for centuries),
1756:
1728:
1689:
1620:
1608:
1589:
1570:
1521:
1262:
1207:
1119:
1105:
950:
849:
844:
768:
739:
705:
634:
627:
537:
489:
474:
409:
381:
377:
361:
178:
168:
22:
3828:
4386:
4307:
3882:
3451:
3132:
Library of Congress, Library of Congress – Federal Research Division.
2648:
Idem, "La culture du tabac dans le Gilân", Stud. Ir. 9/1, 1980, pp. 121–30.
1840:
1800:
1740:
1700:
1658:
in northern Iran, there are ethnic Georgians too. They live in the town of
1550:
Muslims, whereas the vast majority of Georgians elsewhere in the world are
1547:
1437:
1384:
1362:
The Assyrian community in Iran numbered approximately 200,000 prior to the
1250:
1170:
1151:
988:
976:
900:
808:
802:
713:
682:
595:
145:
4015:
3927:
1855:(mostly since the 2000s working in engineering or business projects), and
1452:, a name historically claimed by several religious groups). They venerate
3081:
1792:
1752:
1711:
1693:
1340:
1146:
1109:
786:
751:
557:
425:
307:
198:
38:
4241:
3662:
3638:
2458:
1573:, and in smaller pockets all over Iran. Almost all other communities of
742:
or Gilaks are an Iranian people native to the northern Iran province of
3085:
2730:"AZERBAIJAN vii. The Iranian Language of Azerb – Encyclopaedia Iranica"
2434:
1772:
1551:
778:
717:
654:
2114:
Library of Congress, Library of Congress – Federal Research Division.
1908:
3917:
1748:
1647:
1585:
1565:
fully functioning in Iran and it's spoken only by those that live in
1441:
1417:
1235:
1223:
1123:
1048:
1043:, Azerbaijanis have also emigrated and resettled in large numbers in
975:
In the historic Azerbaijan region, the population consists mainly of
674:
429:
917:, the other half comprises various tribal confederacies such as the
4283:
3383:
3381:
1659:
1616:
1581:
1566:
1407:
1231:
1227:
984:
611:
931:, the number of Iranian Turkophones "does not exceed 9 millions".
789:. Another significant amount of Talysh live therefore also in the
3784:
3359:
2915:"TURKIC LANGUAGES OF PERSIA: AN OVERVIEW – Encyclopaedia Iranica"
2278:
See Iran in Encyclopedia of Islam, Leiden. C.E. Bosworth (editor)
1628:
1445:
1433:
1274:
1266:
862:
811:
are an Iranian people. The Tats of Iran are centralised near the
777:
in north of Iran. They are indigenous to a region shared between
678:
569:
172:
3851:"Conversion of Religious Minorities to the Bahá'í Faith in Iran"
3742:
3378:
4301:
3689:"QAŠQĀʾI TRIBAL CONFEDERACY i. HISTORY – Encyclopaedia Iranica"
1828:
1776:
1764:
1636:
1624:
1619:. In this area there are 10 Georgian towns and villages around
1505:
1368:
1352:
1278:
1239:
1131:
1040:
733:
709:
545:
3732:
3730:
3728:
2962:
Roy, Olivier (2007). The new Central Asia. I.B. Tauris. p. 6.
1615:. The western part of Isfahan province is historically called
3252:
Library of Congress, Federal Research Division (March 2006).
2408:
1760:
1640:
1632:
1449:
1372:
1348:
1286:
1243:
1215:
774:
743:
607:
525:
516:
473:
at 51% of the population of the country. Another source, the
3032:
Minorities in Iran: Nationalism and Ethnicity after Khomeini
3008:
Frye, R. N. "IRAN v. PEOPLES OF IRAN (1) A General Survey".
1088:. Iranian Turkmens are mostly Sunni Muslims with some shia.
4313:
4043:
3725:
3588:"AZERBAIJAN vi. Population and its Occupations and Culture"
1941:
1600:
1270:
1166:
866:
591:
581:
369:
2495:
2493:
2078:
Victoria Arakelova however notes in peer-reviewed journal
1444:, sometimes also known as Sabianism (after the mysterious
4047:
Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East
2828:
2772:
Zehi, Pirmohamad. "A Cultural Anthropology of Baluchis".
1847:(mostly arriving temporarily during the 1950s to 1970s),
499:
makes a distinction between the Persian language and the
1863:
ties across the Iranian-Pakistani border. About 200,000
3754:
2490:
1811:
arrived in the early 20th century as refugees from the
1375:
and various Assyrian villages in the surrounding area.
1253:
where there are a significant number of Arabs being of
3049:
1265:
provinces. Iranian Arab communities are also found in
356:(who form the majority of the Iranian population) and
4183:"IRAN vii. NON-IRANIAN LANGUAGES (6) in Islamic Iran"
3281:
2344:
2286:
2284:
2195:
2193:
3412:
3410:
2470:
2468:
1218:
reported 1 million of them live in border cities of
885:) and scattered throughout other provinces of Iran.
3350:
3348:
3125:
2104:
2102:
1827:(especially huge numbers during the 1970s known as
1165:-speaking people inhabiting parts of north-eastern
590:language and inhabit parts of west – south western
560:. Kurdish people also make up the plurality of the
4211:
3393:. Int'l Business Publications. 2005. p. 152.
3108:"The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency"
3100:
2354:
2281:
2190:
906:The largest Turkic-speaking group in Iran are the
594:. Most Lur are Shi’a. They are the fourth largest
3919:From Sasanian Mandaeans to Ṣābians of the Marshes
3525:
3407:
3323:
2465:
2169:
2167:
1339:. They claim descent from the ancient peoples of
4415:
4039:
4037:
4035:
3964:. Alarabiya.net. 6 December 2011. Archived from
3345:
3035:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 17–18.
2212:
2099:
548:, they are one of the two main ethnic groups in
532:, who make up the majority of the population of
4113:
4111:
4109:
3962:"Iran Mandaeans in exile following persecution"
3131:
2176:The Limits of Culture: Islam and Foreign Policy
2113:
4216:. In Curtis, Glenn E.; Hooglund, Eric (eds.).
3227:"IRAN v. PEOPLES OF IRAN (1) A General Survey"
3074:
2555:(2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. p. 203.
2521:
2164:
1859:, partly due to labour migrants and partly to
1815:, but their number has dwindled following the
352:. The largest groups in this category include
4257:
4032:
3954:
3880:
3151:
1924:
325:
4106:
3881:De Blois, François (1960–2007). "Ṣābiʾ". In
3632:
3630:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3219:
3185:
2248:
2246:
2138:
1238:, a significant group in the rural areas of
3553:
2860:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1532:religious minority, followed by Assyrians.
1023:. Some Azerbaijani minorities also live in
4264:
4250:
4007:From the Indian Ocean to the Mediterranean
3915:
3245:
3195:World and Its Peoples - Marshall Cavendish
2378:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1931:
1917:
1851:(mostly in the 1970s as labour migrants),
1611:, a small city 150 km to the west of
1599:is still used by many of the Georgians in
1463:
332:
318:
4271:
4082:
4080:
3636:
3627:
3575:
3191:
3157:
3082:"Azerbaijani, South # A language of Iran"
2935:
2874:
2272:
2243:
1528:. Today the Armenians are Iran's largest
1347:and elsewhere in the Middle East such as
4206:
4072:Princes Cherkasskii or Circassian Murzas
4003:
3772:
3760:
3748:
3736:
3291:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 9 March 2009.
3192:Cavendish, Marshall (1 September 2006).
2297:. Terrorfreetomorrow.org. Archived from
3703:
2981:International Journal of Immunogenetics
2713:
1938:
1835:(mostly arriving as refugees in 1978),
1432:group who follow their own distinctive
1091:
4416:
4119:"International Circassian Association"
4077:
3986:
3903:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
3639:"On the Number of Iranian Turkophones"
3448:Office of Culture and Islamic Guidance
3025:
2877:"On the Number of Iranian Turkophones"
2875:Arakelova, Victoria (9 October 2015).
2548:
2406:
1493:was ruled by the modern-day Iranians.
1080:. The largest Turkmen city in Iran is
1007:), as well as regions of the North to
673:tribe living in the mountains between
4245:
3134:"Ethnic Groups and Languages of Iran"
2834:"A travelogue of Khorasan and Sistan"
2432:
2206:
2116:"Ethnic Groups and Languages of Iran"
1912:
1786:
1743:, involved in many court intrigues),
1169:, and in the neighbouring regions of
360:, with smaller communities including
4050:. Infobase Publishing. p. 141.
4044:Facts On File, Incorporated (2009).
3669:from the original on 4 February 2021
3500:"GĪLĀN i. GEOGRAPHY AND ETHNOGRAPHY"
3356:"زبانهاي رايج و نوع گويش در شهرستان"
4147:. Iranicaonline.org. Archived from
4090:. Iranicaonline.org. Archived from
3829:"IRAN: Life of Jews Living in Iran"
3422:Library of Congress Country Studies
2991::10.1111/j.1744-313x.2007.00723.x.
2407:Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica.
1747:, Jamshid Beg (the assassinator of
13:
3780:Assyrian International News Agency
3314:, p. 243 = accessed 9 January 2007
2917:. Iranicaonline.org. 15 April 2010
2552:Historical Dictionary of the Kurds
2409:"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica"
2217:. Holland Sentinel. Archived from
2213:Russell Contrera (8 August 2009).
1412:Mandaeans § Iranian Mandaeans
1068:are primarily concentrated in the
785:and the southwestern shore of the
14:
4435:
4213:"The Society and Its Environment"
4171:Georgians and Circassians in Iran
3497:
1424:in southern Iran. Mandeans are a
1212:2% of Iran's citizens are Arabs.
888:
669:mention is made of the Lurs as a
439:
3993:(Thesis). Oxford University, UK.
3911:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0952
3807:"Jewish Population of the World"
3773:BetBasoo, Peter (1 April 2007).
2324:"Linguistic Composition of Iran"
2201:Encyclopedia of European Peoples
1797:were displaced from the Caucasus
1703:"Travels in Persia, 1673–1677":
1327:and, to a lesser extent, to the
1130:, especially around the city of
1118:mainly live in the provinces of
827:dialects closely related to the
544:provinces and together with the
348:(approximately 80%) consists of
301:
37:
4175:
4163:
4137:
4064:
3997:
3980:
3945:
3874:
3865:
3843:
3821:
3799:
3766:
3681:
3606:
3547:
3519:
3491:
3466:
3436:
3317:
3305:
3296:
3271:
3158:Gheissari, Ali (5 March 2009).
3019:
3002:
2973:
2956:
2929:
2907:
2868:
2839:Sharif University of Technology
2822:
2802:
2782:
2766:
2744:
2722:
2704:
2694:
2678:
2669:
2660:
2651:
2642:
2632:
2629:"Iran Provinces". statoids.com.
2623:
2614:
2605:
2588:
2579:
2569:
2542:
2515:
2426:
2400:
2338:
2316:
2199:Carl Waldman, Catherine Mason,
2068:
1516:, many Armenians immigrated to
1470:Peoples of the Caucasus in Iran
934:
689:
552:province. The northern part of
4200:
2810:"The Balochi Language Project"
2233:
1880:Human capital flight from Iran
1692:era, the vast majority of the
1673:
1193:provinces alongside Turkmens.
1142:. The Qashqai were originally
492:as Persian people, though the
1:
2830:Sir Charles Yate, 1st Baronet
2756:www.encyclopaediaislamica.com
2092:
1646:In many other places such as
815:, especially in the south of
681:. The term Kurd according to
3775:"Brief History of Assyrians"
3637:Arakelova, Victoria (2015).
3556:"Turkic languages of persia"
1535:
1474:
1401:
1292:
7:
2790:"KHORASAN i. ETHNIC GROUPS"
2549:Gunter, Michael M. (2011).
2433:Madih, 'Abbas-'Ali (2007).
2151:"The World Factbook – Iran"
2044:
1325:Assyrian Church of the East
1249:are smaller communities in
823:, consisting of a group of
454:
10:
4440:
3987:Herzig, Edmund M. (1991).
3916:Van Bladel, Kevin (2017).
3528:"GILĀN xiv. Ethnic Groups"
1807:. A substantial number of
1677:
1539:
1478:
1467:
1405:
1382:
1337:Ancient Church of the East
1296:
1205:
1196:
1140:Turkic family of languages
1095:
1058:
1054:
938:
892:
842:
800:
766:
731:
693:
579:
572:live in Razavi Khorasan.
514:
458:
443:
4279:
4004:Aslanian, Sebouh (2011).
3655:10.1163/1573384X-20150306
3390:Iran: Country Study Guide
2893:10.1163/1573384X-20150306
2256:. Cia.gov. Archived from
2051:Ethnic minorities in Iran
2028:Human trafficking in Iran
2023:Ethnic minorities in Iran
2010:
1949:
1803:population exists due to
1138:which is a member of the
945:Many sources assert that
838:
781:and Iran which spans the
762:
727:
616:Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari
3809:. Jewish Virtual Library
3751:, pp. 100–101, 295.
3027:Elling, Rasmus Christian
2950:10.1163/1573384054068105
2690:The Persian Encyclopedia
2061:
1666:, but retain aspects of
1329:Chaldean Catholic Church
1323:belonging mostly to the
1201:
1134:in Fars. They speak the
981:West Azerbaijan Province
556:is inhabited by Kurdish
510:
3643:Iran & the Caucasus
3526:Parviz Aḏkāʾi and EIr.
3478:Encyclopædia Britannica
3324:Parviz Aḏkāʾi and EIr.
3254:"Country Profile: Iran"
3061:Encyclopædia Britannica
2938:Iran & the Caucasus
2522:Edmonds, Cecil (2010).
2439:Iran & the Caucasus
2435:"The Kurds of Khorasan"
2386:. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
2033:Iranian citizens abroad
1884:Jewish exodus from Iran
1799:in the 19th century. A
1719:and Persia desired for
1464:Caucasus-derived groups
1378:
1321:Eastern Rite Christians
796:
575:
562:North Khorasan province
469:estimate from 2007 put
3831:. Sephardicstudies.org
3326:"HAMADĀN i. GEOGRAPHY"
1546:Iranian Georgians are
1355:, as well as with the
1333:Syriac Orthodox Church
1019:, and some regions of
859:Sistan and Baluchestan
854:Sistan and Baluchestan
791:Republic of Azerbaijan
779:Republic of Azerbaijan
4424:Ethnic groups in Iran
4273:Ethnic groups in Iran
4218:Iran: A Country Study
4016:10.1525/9780520947573
3928:10.1163/9789004339460
3312:Encyclopaedia Iranica
3148:16% estimated in 2012
2881:Iran and the Caucasus
2686:Gholamhossein Mosahab
2328:gulf2000.columbia.edu
2110:Encyclopedia of Islam
2081:Iran and the Caucasus
1886:), especially to the
928:Iran and the Caucasus
893:Further information:
586:Lur people speak the
444:Further information:
3711:"The World Factbook"
3592:Encyclopædia Iranica
3561:Encyclopædia Iranica
3554:Michael Knüppel, E.
3533:Encyclopædia Iranica
3505:Encyclopædia Iranica
3331:Encyclopædia Iranica
3231:Encyclopædia Iranica
3010:Encyclopædia Iranica
2795:Encyclopædia Iranica
2774:Iran Chamber Society
2501:"The World Factbook"
2254:"The World Factbook"
2056:Demographics of Iran
2018:Demographics of Iran
1643:live Georgians too.
1317:neo-Aramaic language
1283:United Arab Emirates
1257:descent, as well as
1092:Turkic tribal groups
947:Iranian Azerbaijanis
941:Iranian Azerbaijanis
908:Iranian Azerbaijanis
825:northwestern Iranian
722:Mazandarani language
344:The majority of the
79:World Heritage Sites
3853:. Bahai-library.com
3739:, pp. 100–101.
3691:. Iranicaonline.org
3454:on 25 February 2013
3444:"معرفی استان مرکزی"
3418:"Iran-Azerbaijanis"
3366:on 18 December 2019
3029:(28 January 2013).
2732:. Iranicaonline.org
2478:. Cultural Survival
2124:Library of Congress
1817:Iran crisis of 1946
1781:Circassian language
1680:Circassians in Iran
1656:Mazandaran Province
1420:live mainly in the
659:Sharaf Khan Bidlisi
643:Kuh-Gilu-Boir Ahmed
478:Library of Congress
4151:on 2 November 2014
4094:on 2 November 2014
3787:on 17 October 2013
2815:Uppsala University
2476:"The Lurs of Iran"
2356:"Kurds, Kurdistān"
2334:on 1 October 2013.
2146:CIA World Factbook
1872:Iranian revolution
1821:Iranian Revolution
1813:Russian Revolution
1805:historical slavery
1791:Most of the large
1787:Recent immigration
1775:, and the capital
1701:Sir John Chardin's
1563:Caucasian language
1518:Armenian diasporic
1514:Iranian Revolution
1458:Yaḥyā ibn Zakarīyā
1422:Khuzestan Province
1364:Islamic Revolution
1220:Khuzestan Province
871:Hormozgan Province
748:Mazandarani people
702:Mazanderani people
696:Mazanderani people
598:in Iran after the
564:and a minority in
467:CIA World Factbook
346:population of Iran
207:Miniature painting
199:Visual art history
4411:
4410:
4227:978-0-8444-1187-3
4169:Pierre, Oberling
4057:978-1-4381-2676-0
3937:978-90-04-33943-9
3922:. Leiden: Brill.
3622:978-600-6627-42-7
3400:978-0-7397-1476-8
3042:978-1-349-29691-0
2968:978-1-84511-552-4
2413:iranicaonline.org
2393:978-90-04-07819-2
2144:According to the
2041:
2040:
1725:Teresia Sampsonia
1664:Georgian language
1597:Georgian language
1575:Iranian Georgians
1559:Georgian language
1542:Iranian Georgians
1481:Iranian Armenians
1448:mentioned in the
1357:Assyrian diaspora
1345:Assyrians in Iraq
1299:Assyrians in Iran
1214:A 1998 report by
1177:. They speak the
1173:up to beyond the
819:. They speak the
754:. They speak the
620:Khuzestan,Hamadan
554:Lorestan province
521:Iranian Kurdistan
342:
341:
4431:
4401:
4389:
4382:
4375:
4368:
4361:
4354:
4347:
4266:
4259:
4252:
4243:
4242:
4238:
4236:
4234:
4215:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4179:
4173:
4167:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4156:
4141:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4130:
4121:. Archived from
4115:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4099:
4084:
4075:
4068:
4062:
4061:
4041:
4030:
4029:
4001:
3995:
3994:
3984:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3958:
3952:
3949:
3943:
3941:
3914:
3878:
3872:
3869:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3825:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3814:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3783:. Archived from
3770:
3764:
3758:
3752:
3746:
3740:
3734:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3718:
3707:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3685:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3634:
3625:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3599:
3594:. 18 August 2011
3584:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3450:. Archived from
3440:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3414:
3405:
3404:
3385:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3362:. Archived from
3352:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3321:
3315:
3309:
3303:
3300:
3294:
3292:
3285:
3279:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3258:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3155:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3138:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3023:
3017:
3006:
3000:
2977:
2971:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2859:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2786:
2780:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2762:on 6 March 2012.
2758:. Archived from
2748:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2726:
2720:
2717:
2711:
2708:
2702:
2698:
2692:
2682:
2676:
2673:
2667:
2664:
2658:
2655:
2649:
2646:
2640:
2636:
2630:
2627:
2621:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2603:
2592:
2586:
2583:
2577:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2497:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2472:
2463:
2462:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2358:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2330:. Archived from
2320:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2303:
2296:
2288:
2279:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2250:
2241:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2210:
2204:
2197:
2188:
2179:MIT Press, 2006
2173:Brenda Shaffer.
2171:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2120:
2106:
2086:
2072:
1944:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1910:
1909:
1876:Iranian diaspora
1737:Pari Khan Khanum
1668:Georgian culture
1603:. The centre of
1454:John the Baptist
1440:religion called
1247:
1179:Khorasani Turkic
1136:Qashqai language
1066:Iranian Turkmens
1061:Iranian Turkmens
1017:Hamadan Province
883:Khorasani Baloch
869:in neighbouring
813:Alborz Mountains
663:Mu'jam Al-Buldan
507:, respectively.
334:
327:
320:
306:
305:
304:
41:
18:
17:
4439:
4438:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4414:
4413:
4412:
4407:
4399:
4387:
4380:
4373:
4366:
4359:
4352:
4345:
4275:
4270:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4203:
4198:
4197:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4180:
4176:
4168:
4164:
4154:
4152:
4143:
4142:
4138:
4128:
4126:
4125:on 4 March 2016
4117:
4116:
4107:
4097:
4095:
4086:
4085:
4078:
4070:P Bushkovitch,
4069:
4065:
4058:
4042:
4033:
4026:
4002:
3998:
3985:
3981:
3971:
3969:
3968:on 31 July 2016
3960:
3959:
3955:
3950:
3946:
3938:
3899:Heinrichs, W.P.
3879:
3875:
3870:
3866:
3856:
3854:
3849:
3848:
3844:
3834:
3832:
3827:
3826:
3822:
3812:
3810:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3790:
3788:
3771:
3767:
3761:Hooglund (2008)
3759:
3755:
3749:Hooglund (2008)
3747:
3743:
3737:Hooglund (2008)
3735:
3726:
3716:
3714:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3694:
3692:
3687:
3686:
3682:
3672:
3670:
3635:
3628:
3614:Tehran Province
3611:
3607:
3597:
3595:
3586:
3585:
3576:
3566:
3564:
3552:
3548:
3538:
3536:
3524:
3520:
3510:
3508:
3498:Bazin, Marcel.
3496:
3492:
3482:
3480:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3457:
3455:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3427:
3425:
3424:. December 1987
3416:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3387:
3386:
3379:
3369:
3367:
3354:
3353:
3346:
3336:
3334:
3322:
3318:
3310:
3306:
3301:
3297:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3276:
3272:
3262:
3260:
3256:
3250:
3246:
3236:
3234:
3233:. 29 March 2012
3225:
3224:
3220:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3190:
3186:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3156:
3152:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3130:
3126:
3116:
3114:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3091:
3089:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3065:
3063:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3043:
3024:
3020:
3007:
3003:
2978:
2974:
2961:
2957:
2934:
2930:
2920:
2918:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2873:
2869:
2853:
2852:
2845:
2843:
2827:
2823:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2771:
2767:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2735:
2733:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2718:
2714:
2709:
2705:
2699:
2695:
2683:
2679:
2674:
2670:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2647:
2643:
2637:
2633:
2628:
2624:
2619:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2570:
2563:
2547:
2543:
2536:
2528:. p. 188.
2520:
2516:
2506:
2504:
2499:
2498:
2491:
2481:
2479:
2474:
2473:
2466:
2431:
2427:
2417:
2415:
2405:
2401:
2394:
2361:Bosworth, C. E.
2351:MacKenzie, D.N.
2343:
2339:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2307:
2305:
2304:on 23 July 2013
2301:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2282:
2277:
2273:
2263:
2261:
2260:on 13 June 2007
2252:
2251:
2244:
2238:
2234:
2224:
2222:
2221:on 6 March 2012
2211:
2207:
2198:
2191:
2172:
2165:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2143:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2118:
2107:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2089:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2006:
1945:
1940:
1939:Immigration to
1937:
1839:(especially in
1789:
1745:Shamkhal Sultan
1733:Shah Suleiman I
1682:
1676:
1544:
1538:
1520:communities in
1483:
1477:
1472:
1466:
1430:ethno-religious
1414:
1406:Main articles:
1404:
1387:
1381:
1313:modern Assyrian
1305:Assyrian people
1301:
1295:
1259:Razavi Khorasan
1213:
1210:
1204:
1199:
1187:Razavi Khorasan
1175:Amu Darya River
1159:Khorasani Turks
1112:
1102:Khorasani Turks
1096:Main articles:
1094:
1086:Bandar Torkaman
1082:Gonbad-e Kavoos
1063:
1057:
1021:Qazvin Province
997:West Azerbaijan
993:East Azerbaijan
987:Islam. Iranian
943:
937:
923:Khorasani Turks
915:Iranian Turkmen
897:
891:
875:Razavi Khorasan
847:
841:
829:Talysh language
817:Qazvin province
805:
799:
771:
765:
756:Gilaki language
736:
730:
698:
692:
667:Yaqut al-Hamawi
584:
578:
566:Razavi Khorasan
550:West Azerbaijan
523:
515:Main articles:
513:
505:Gilaki language
463:
457:
452:
450:Persian peoples
446:Iranian peoples
442:
338:
308:Iran portal
302:
300:
295:
291:Kurdish cuisine
286:Caspian cuisine
281:Balochi cuisine
272:
259:
225:
212:
150:
137:
119:
101:
83:
64:
31:Culture of Iran
12:
11:
5:
4437:
4427:
4426:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4405:
4404:
4403:
4396:
4391:
4384:
4377:
4370:
4363:
4356:
4349:
4339:
4329:
4323:
4317:
4311:
4305:
4299:
4293:
4287:
4280:
4277:
4276:
4269:
4268:
4261:
4254:
4246:
4240:
4239:
4226:
4208:Hooglund, Eric
4202:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4174:
4162:
4136:
4105:
4076:
4063:
4056:
4031:
4024:
3996:
3979:
3953:
3944:
3936:
3895:van Donzel, E.
3891:Bosworth, C.E.
3873:
3864:
3842:
3820:
3798:
3765:
3763:, p. 295.
3753:
3741:
3724:
3702:
3680:
3649:(3): 279–282.
3626:
3605:
3574:
3546:
3518:
3490:
3465:
3435:
3406:
3399:
3377:
3358:. Governor of
3344:
3316:
3304:
3295:
3280:
3270:
3244:
3218:
3204:
3184:
3170:
3150:
3124:
3099:
3073:
3048:
3041:
3018:
3016:. pp. 321–326.
3001:
2987:(6): 457–463.
2972:
2955:
2928:
2906:
2887:(3): 279–282.
2867:
2821:
2801:
2781:
2765:
2743:
2721:
2712:
2703:
2693:
2677:
2668:
2659:
2650:
2641:
2631:
2622:
2613:
2604:
2587:
2578:
2568:
2562:978-0810867512
2561:
2541:
2534:
2514:
2489:
2464:
2425:
2399:
2392:
2365:van Donzel, E.
2337:
2315:
2280:
2271:
2242:
2232:
2205:
2189:
2163:
2137:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1936:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1913:
1788:
1785:
1749:Shah Ismail II
1717:Ottoman Turkey
1678:Main article:
1675:
1672:
1540:Main article:
1537:
1534:
1526:western Europe
1510:Jolfa district
1479:Main article:
1476:
1473:
1468:Main article:
1465:
1462:
1403:
1400:
1398:Bahá'í Faith.
1383:Main article:
1380:
1377:
1309:Semitic people
1307:of Iran are a
1297:Main article:
1294:
1291:
1206:Main article:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1183:North Khorasan
1116:Qashqai people
1098:Qashqai people
1093:
1090:
1084:, followed by
1078:North Khorasan
1059:Main article:
1056:
1053:
1013:Shara District
1009:Hamadan County
973:
972:
969:
966:
963:
939:Main article:
936:
933:
895:Turkic peoples
890:
889:Turkic peoples
887:
879:South Khorasan
843:Main article:
840:
837:
831:. Persian and
801:Main article:
798:
795:
783:South Caucasus
767:Main article:
764:
761:
732:Main article:
729:
726:
694:Main article:
691:
688:
610:. They occupy
580:Main article:
577:
574:
530:Iranian people
512:
509:
497:World Factbook
480:states Iran's
461:Persian people
459:Main article:
456:
453:
441:
440:Iranic peoples
438:
388:Turkic peoples
350:Iranic peoples
340:
339:
337:
336:
329:
322:
314:
311:
310:
297:
296:
294:
293:
288:
283:
277:
274:
273:
271:
270:
264:
261:
260:
258:
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252:
246:
241:
236:
230:
227:
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224:
223:
217:
214:
213:
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196:
191:
186:
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176:
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155:
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151:
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142:
139:
138:
136:
135:
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124:
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120:
118:
117:
112:
106:
103:
102:
100:
99:
94:
88:
85:
84:
82:
81:
76:
71:
65:
63:
62:
57:
52:
46:
43:
42:
34:
33:
27:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4436:
4425:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4402:
4397:
4395:
4394:Afro-Iranians
4392:
4390:
4385:
4383:
4378:
4376:
4371:
4369:
4364:
4362:
4357:
4355:
4350:
4348:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4336:Turkic people
4333:
4330:
4327:
4324:
4321:
4318:
4315:
4312:
4309:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4297:
4294:
4291:
4288:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4278:
4274:
4267:
4262:
4260:
4255:
4253:
4248:
4247:
4244:
4229:
4223:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4205:
4204:
4184:
4178:
4172:
4166:
4150:
4146:
4140:
4124:
4120:
4114:
4112:
4110:
4093:
4089:
4083:
4081:
4073:
4067:
4059:
4053:
4049:
4048:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4027:
4025:9780520947573
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4008:
4000:
3992:
3991:
3983:
3967:
3963:
3957:
3948:
3939:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3920:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3887:Bianquis, Th.
3884:
3877:
3868:
3852:
3846:
3830:
3824:
3808:
3802:
3786:
3782:
3781:
3776:
3769:
3762:
3757:
3750:
3745:
3738:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3712:
3706:
3690:
3684:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3633:
3631:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3609:
3593:
3589:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3550:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3522:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3494:
3479:
3475:
3469:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3439:
3423:
3419:
3413:
3411:
3402:
3396:
3392:
3391:
3384:
3382:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3351:
3349:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3308:
3299:
3290:
3284:
3274:
3255:
3248:
3232:
3228:
3222:
3207:
3205:9780761475712
3201:
3197:
3196:
3188:
3173:
3171:9780199702855
3167:
3163:
3162:
3154:
3135:
3128:
3113:
3109:
3103:
3087:
3083:
3077:
3062:
3058:
3057:"Azerbaijani"
3052:
3044:
3038:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3022:
3015:
3011:
3005:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2976:
2969:
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2959:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2932:
2916:
2910:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2871:
2863:
2857:
2841:
2840:
2835:
2831:
2825:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2805:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2785:
2779:
2775:
2769:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2747:
2731:
2725:
2716:
2707:
2697:
2691:
2687:
2681:
2672:
2663:
2654:
2645:
2635:
2626:
2617:
2608:
2601:
2600:0-231-11568-7
2597:
2591:
2582:
2572:
2564:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2545:
2537:
2535:9789004173446
2531:
2527:
2526:
2518:
2502:
2496:
2494:
2477:
2471:
2469:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2429:
2414:
2410:
2403:
2395:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2379:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2348:
2341:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2300:
2293:
2287:
2285:
2275:
2259:
2255:
2249:
2247:
2236:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2202:
2196:
2194:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2177:
2170:
2168:
2152:
2147:
2141:
2126:
2125:
2117:
2111:
2105:
2103:
2098:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2071:
2067:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1934:
1929:
1927:
1922:
1920:
1915:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1888:United States
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1801:Black African
1798:
1794:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1739:(daughter of
1738:
1734:
1730:
1729:Shah Abbas II
1726:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1702:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1681:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1621:Fereydunshahr
1618:
1614:
1610:
1609:Fereydunshahr
1606:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1571:Fereydunshahr
1568:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1522:North America
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1482:
1471:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1413:
1409:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1300:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1209:
1208:Iranian Arabs
1194:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1153:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1126:and southern
1125:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1107:
1106:Afshar people
1103:
1099:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
970:
967:
964:
961:
960:
959:
956:
952:
948:
942:
932:
930:
929:
924:
920:
916:
911:
909:
904:
902:
896:
886:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
855:
851:
846:
845:Baloch people
836:
834:
830:
826:
822:
821:Tati language
818:
814:
810:
804:
794:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
770:
769:Talysh people
760:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
740:Gilaki people
735:
725:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
706:Tabari people
703:
697:
687:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
651:Indo-European
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
583:
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
522:
518:
508:
506:
502:
498:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
476:
475:United States
472:
468:
462:
451:
447:
437:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
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4290:Azerbaijanis
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4217:
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3785:the original
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3768:
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3744:
3717:21 September
3715:. Retrieved
3705:
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3683:
3673:18 September
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3567:19 September
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3329:
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3298:
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3247:
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3221:
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3209:. Retrieved
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2445:(1): 11–31.
2442:
2438:
2428:
2416:. Retrieved
2412:
2402:
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2376:
2347:Minorsky, V.
2340:
2332:the original
2327:
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2308:21 September
2306:. Retrieved
2299:the original
2274:
2264:21 September
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2140:
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2122:
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1741:Shah Tahmasp
1721:their beauty
1710:
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1579:
1561:is the only
1556:
1548:Twelver Shia
1545:
1512:. After the
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1484:
1438:monotheistic
1415:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1385:Persian Jews
1361:
1302:
1211:
1181:and live in
1171:Turkmenistan
1156:
1152:Persian Gulf
1147:pastoralists
1113:
1064:
1015:in the East
989:Azerbaijanis
977:Azerbaijanis
974:
944:
935:Azerbaijanis
926:
912:
905:
898:
848:
806:
803:Tats of Iran
772:
737:
714:Mazanderanis
699:
690:Mazandaranis
683:Richard Frye
596:ethnic group
585:
524:
486:Mazandaranis
464:
434:
408:
386:
366:Mazandaranis
343:
159:Architecture
54:
15:
4381:Circassians
4201:Works cited
3972:17 December
3883:Bearman, P.
3474:"Kordestān"
3259:. p. 5
2995:1744-3121.
2373:Pellat, Ch.
2345:Bois, Th.;
2076:Iranologist
1833:Afghanistan
1753:Anna Khanum
1712:Circassians
1694:Circassians
1674:Circassians
1607:in Iran is
1341:Mesopotamia
1110:Qarai Turks
787:Caspian Sea
752:Caspian Sea
501:Mazandarani
426:Circassians
392:Azerbaijani
239:Calligraphy
221:Handicrafts
4341:Others 1%
4334:and other
4233:13 October
4074:, pp.12–13
3791:12 October
3539:16 October
3511:16 October
3483:21 October
3458:21 October
3370:21 October
3337:21 October
3237:17 October
3142:2 December
3117:17 January
3092:17 October
3086:Ethnologue
3066:17 October
2846:19 January
2185:0262195291
2130:2 December
2108:"Iran" in
2093:References
1997:Pakistanis
1950:By country
1793:Circassian
1773:Mazandaran
1652:Rahmatabad
1428:-speaking
1319:, and are
1311:who speak
1037:Kermanshah
971:24 percent
718:Tabaristan
655:Sharafnama
558:Lak people
542:Kermanshah
234:Embroidery
203:Modern art
164:Literature
133:Irreligion
110:Philosophy
4374:Assyrians
4367:Georgians
4360:Armenians
3713:. Cia.gov
3598:18 August
3428:13 August
2999:18001303.
2944:(1): 37.
2901:1573-384X
2856:cite news
2701:Reichert.
2503:. Cia.gov
2451:1609-8498
2382:Volume V:
2369:Lewis, B.
1783:anymore.
1648:Najafabad
1605:Georgians
1586:Afsharids
1552:Christian
1536:Georgians
1530:Christian
1475:Armenians
1442:Mandaeism
1418:Mandaeans
1402:Mandaeans
1293:Assyrians
1236:Susangerd
1224:Khuzestan
1124:Khuzestan
1070:provinces
1029:Kordestan
675:Khuzestan
647:Bakhtiari
534:Kurdistan
430:Mandaeans
422:Georgians
418:Armenians
414:Assyrians
406:peoples.
115:Astronomy
92:Mythology
74:Festivals
60:Languages
4418:Category
4332:Turkmens
4284:Persians
4210:(2008).
4188:28 April
4155:26 April
4145:"ČARKAS"
4129:28 April
4098:28 April
4088:"ČARKAS"
3901:(eds.).
3667:Archived
3663:43899203
3263:21 April
2459:25597312
2384:Khe–Mahi
2375:(eds.).
2353:(1986).
2203:, pp.175
2156:21 April
2045:See also
2011:See also
1992:Russians
1977:Lebanese
1857:Pakistan
1837:Lebanese
1819:and the
1809:Russians
1660:Behshahr
1617:Fereydan
1582:Safavids
1567:Fereydan
1416:Iranian
1408:Mandeans
1255:Lebanese
1232:Hoveyzeh
1228:Shadegan
1191:Golestan
1074:Golestān
1045:Khorasan
955:speaking
612:Lorestan
600:Persians
482:Persians
471:Persians
455:Persians
354:Persians
128:Religion
97:Folklore
23:a series
21:Part of
4326:Balochs
3360:Hamadan
3112:Cia.gov
2418:4 April
2240:20,000"
1987:Koreans
1982:Kazakhs
1967:Indians
1962:Chinese
1957:Afghans
1896:Germany
1861:Balochi
1849:Koreans
1845:Indians
1829:Moaveds
1751:), and
1688:to the
1686:Safavid
1629:Isfahan
1613:Isfahan
1446:Sabians
1434:Gnostic
1426:Mandaic
1275:Lebanon
1267:Bahrain
1197:Semitic
1144:nomadic
1128:Isfahan
1055:Turkmen
1025:Markazi
1001:Ardabil
921:or the
919:Qashqai
863:Zahedan
850:Balochs
679:Isfahan
671:Kurdish
639:Bushehr
631:Isfahan
624:markazi
570:kurmanj
528:are an
490:Gilakis
404:Kazakhs
400:Qashqai
396:Turkmen
362:Gilakis
268:Cuisine
255:Jewelry
249:Pottery
194:Gardens
184:Theater
173:Dastgah
69:Symbols
50:History
4400:Zagari
4346:Talysh
4302:Gilaks
4224:
4054:
4022:
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3661:
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3397:
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3088:. 2013
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1904:Sweden
1902:, and
1900:Israel
1892:Canada
1865:Iraqis
1825:Iraqis
1777:Tehran
1639:, and
1637:Shiraz
1625:Tehran
1590:Qajars
1588:, and
1506:Tehran
1369:Tehran
1353:Turkey
1285:, and
1279:Kuwait
1240:Abadan
1189:, and
1163:Turkic
1132:Shiraz
1108:, and
1041:Tehran
1005:Zanjan
1003:, and
951:Turkic
949:are a
901:Azaris
839:Baloch
763:Talysh
734:Gilaks
728:Gilaks
712:, the
710:Gilaks
606:, and
546:Azeris
428:, and
382:Baloch
380:, and
378:Talysh
244:Carpet
189:Cinema
55:People
25:on the
4320:Arabs
4296:Kurds
3942:p. 5.
3659:JSTOR
3257:(PDF)
3137:(PDF)
2752:"تات"
2455:JSTOR
2359:. In
2302:(PDF)
2295:(PDF)
2187:p 229
2119:(PDF)
2062:Notes
2002:Poles
1874:(see
1853:China
1769:Gilan
1765:Aspas
1761:Rasht
1699:From
1690:Qajar
1641:Rasht
1633:Karaj
1450:Quran
1373:Urmia
1349:Syria
1287:Qatar
1244:Ahvaz
1216:UNCHR
1202:Arabs
1033:Gilan
985:Shi'a
965:15.5%
833:Azeri
775:Gilan
744:Gilan
608:Kurds
604:Azeri
526:Kurds
517:Kurds
511:Kurds
410:Arabs
358:Kurds
179:Dance
169:Music
4388:Jews
4353:Tats
4314:Lurs
4235:2013
4222:ISBN
4190:2014
4157:2015
4131:2014
4100:2014
4052:ISBN
4020:ISBN
3974:2011
3932:ISBN
3859:2015
3837:2015
3815:2015
3793:2013
3719:2015
3697:2015
3675:2020
3618:ISBN
3600:2012
3569:2013
3541:2013
3513:2013
3485:2013
3460:2013
3430:2013
3395:ISBN
3372:2013
3339:2013
3265:2008
3239:2013
3213:2015
3200:ISBN
3179:2015
3166:ISBN
3144:2009
3119:2017
3094:2013
3068:2013
3037:ISBN
3014:XIII
2997:PMID
2993:ISSN
2964:ISBN
2923:2015
2897:ISSN
2862:link
2848:2024
2738:2015
2639:ed.)
2596:ISBN
2557:ISBN
2530:ISBN
2509:2015
2484:2015
2447:ISSN
2420:2023
2388:ISBN
2310:2015
2266:2015
2227:2015
2181:ISBN
2158:2008
2132:2009
1942:Iran
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1635:and
1601:Iran
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582:Lurs
576:Lurs
538:Ilam
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146:Arts
4298:10%
4292:16%
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4012:doi
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3907:doi
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