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and −1.2 °C (28.4 and 29.8 °F). In winter, mean temperatures are around −10.2 °C (13.6 °F). A temperature of 17.5 °C (63.5 °F) was recorded on 24 March 2015. This reading was the highest temperature ever recorded on mainland
Antarctica and its surrounding islands, until on 6 February 2020, a new high of 18.3 °C (64.9 °F) was recorded at the base, being the current record and considered by the World Meteorological Organization to be the highest temperature ever recorded for mainland Antarctica and its surrounding islands. The lowest temperature ever recorded is −38.4 °C (−37.1 °F) on 18 July 1994.
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Mean monthly temperatures range from −10.8 °C (12.6 °F) in July, the coldest month, to 1.5 °C (34.7 °F) in
January, the warmest month. During summer (December–February), the average high is between 3.8 and 4.3 °C (38.8 and 39.7 °F) while the average low is between −2.0
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station started transmitting in 1979 and currently broadcasts on 15476 kHz shortwave and 96.7 MHz FM. It is one of the southern most radio stations in the world and its range signal includes audio identification in multiple languages. The host of "Panorama
Nacional" Marcelo Ayala told at
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The 43 buildings of the station have a combined space of 3,744 square metres (40,300 sq ft) covered; 18,000 litres (4,800 US gal) of fuel are used annually by the four generators to produce electricity for the station. Research projects include:
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1983:, at that time head of the newly created Esperanza Base, participated in its construction, being one of the first refuges installed by the Army and the second in the continental Antarctica. The refuge was destroyed by the ice in 1960.
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107:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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now treats the continent as a laboratory open to all, and provides that "no acts or activities ... shall constitute a basis for asserting, supporting or denying a claim to territorial sovereignty."
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The temperature trend since 1948 is +0.0315 °C/yr (+0.0567 °F/yr) (annual), +0.0413 °C/yr (+0.0743 °F/yr) (winter) and +0.0300 °C/yr (+0.0540 °F/yr) (summer).
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674:. The base has an Argentine civil register office where births and weddings are recorded. The base has tourist facilities that are visited by about 1,100 tourists each year.
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is active and is located in the
Tabarin Peninsula and was inaugurated on September 15, 1959. It has capacity for six people, food for a month, fuel, gas and a first aid kit.
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in 1952, this area was also the scene of the only shots fired in anger in
Antarctica, when an Argentine shore party fired a machine gun over the heads of a
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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is the name given to two shelters in
Antarctica. The first one is covered by ice, the second one is active. The refuge is Administered by the
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Like the rest of the
Antarctic Peninsula, the base has a polar climate characterized by strong winds that descend downwards from the
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Built in 1953, the base houses 56 inhabitants in winter, including 10 families and 2 school teachers. Provincial school #38
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing
Spanish Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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the beginning of 2024 about his life experience and broadcast by LRA36 Radio
Nacional Arcángel San Gabriel.
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A group of items or structures of historic significance at, or close to, the base have been designated a
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had returned from the
Falklands with a military escort and completed rebuilding the British base. The
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to rebuild its damaged base. Following the Argentine show of force, the British team returned to the
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on the Antarctic Peninsula 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) south of Esperanza.The refuges pay homage to
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1521:(temperature/snowy days/sun 1991–2020, precipitation 1961–1990), NOAA (precipitation 1961–1990)
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IVS-4500 en Base Esperanza, Antártida Argentina - "Hielos míticos" (Daniel Bazan, 2008)
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1929:, a military man who served an outstanding role in the Argentine war of independence.
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8.9 nmi (16.5 km; 10.2 mi), 6 nmi (11 km; 6.9 mi)
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2624:"WMO verifies one temperature record for Antarctic continent and rejects another"
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633:). It is one of only two civilian settlements in Antarctica (the other being the
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2792:"Klimatafel von Esperanza (Argentinien) / Antarkt. Halbinsel / Antarktis"
2745:"Valores Medios de Temperatura y Precipitación-Antártida: Base Esperanza"
626:
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2575:"Antarctica records unprecedented high temperatures in two new readings"
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
187:
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2427:"1948 (sic) BRITISH-ARGENTINE CLASHES IN ANTARCTIC ENDED PEACEFULLY"
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Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world
1969:
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2859:
Council Of Managers Of National Antarctic Programs: Base Esperanza
2821:"List of Historic Sites and Monuments approved by the ATCM (2012)"
785:. These winds can exceed 250 km/h (160 mph), leading to
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commemorating Argentine expedition members who died in the area.
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2523:"Updated world map of the Köppen−Geiger climate classification"
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Climate data for Esperanza (1991–2020, extremes 1945–present)
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2699:(in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Archived from
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and reduced visibility. The climate is classified as a polar
693:
681:
634:
2322:"La experiencia de hacer radio desde la Antártida Argentina"
2091:
Antarctica and South American Geopolitics: Frozen Lebensraum
2107:. London: McFarland and Co., 1990 (2 volumes), p. 469.
2694:"Estadísticas Climatológicas Normales – período 1991–2020"
2671:"Estadísticas Climatológicas Normales - período 1991-2020"
2521:
Peel, M. C.; Finlayson B. L. & McMahon, T. A. (2007).
2426:
2100:, Oakland, CA: Lonely Planet Publications, 1996, 302-304.
1972:
of the Trinity Peninsula and opened on October 23, 1953.
2307:"Identificaciones varias de LRA36 a través del tiempo"
2908:
2182:"Gral. Jorge Leal: un expedicionario en la Antártida"
2319:
100:
96:
a machine-translated version of the Spanish article.
3087:
1866:(HSM 40), following a proposal by Argentina to the
6113:Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs
2143:Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs
2130:
2128:
1986:
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4719:
2877:Official website Direccion Nacional del Antartico
2663:
2093:. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1988, p. 73.
2086:. Sydney: Reader's Digest, 1985, p. 156-157.
1932:
6326:
2626:. World Meteorological Organization. 1 July 2021
1649:glass fiber (tower), concrete (foundation)
1526:Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows),
2771:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
2685:
2125:
2098:Antarctica: a Lonely Planet Travel Survival Kit
1901:
1717:, stripe (2, black, horizontal direction)
2643:
2641:
2304:
610:, 'Hope Base') is a permanent, all-year-round
125:accompanying your translation by providing an
87:Click for important translation instructions.
74:expand this article with text translated from
5791:
5157:
4597:
4583:
3073:
2982:
2747:(in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
2725:(in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
2673:(in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
2616:
2602:"New record for Antarctic continent reported"
2502:(in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
2320:radionacional.com.ar, ed. (17 January 2024).
2114:, Fred G. Alberts, ed. Washington: NSF, 1980.
2723:"B. Esperanza Statistical Data (1961-1990)"
2638:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2486:
1968:was located on the north east coast of the
384:
50:Learn how and when to remove these messages
6360:Historic Sites and Monuments of Antarctica
5798:
5784:
5173:Historic Sites and Monuments in Antarctica
5164:
5150:
4590:
4576:
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2767:"Base Esperanza Climate Normals 1961–1990"
2384:
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1719:
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190:. Please do not remove this message until
2692:Nacional, Servicio Meteorológico (2023).
2549:
228:Learn how and when to remove this message
210:Learn how and when to remove this message
5276:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
2691:
2572:
2483:
2424:
2394:The International Politics of Antarctica
739:Survey team unloading supplies from the
651:
451:Argentine National Antarctic Directorate
186:Relevant discussion may be found on the
2998:Argentine permanent bases in Antarctica
2397:. Google Books: Routledge. p. 35.
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2885:Fundaciòn Marambio Esperanza Base page
321:
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1868:Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting
765:List of people born at Esperanza Base
644:('Permanence, an act of sacrifice').
6350:Populated places established in 1953
6304:
2872:Argentine Army's site about the base
2826:. Antarctic Treaty Secretariat. 2012
2813:
2759:
2737:
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2162:from the original on 22 October 2022
269:View of Esperanza Base, January 2016
160:
56:
15:
2801:(in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst
2784:
2715:
2604:. World Meteorological Organization
2047:List of Antarctic research stations
679:Radio Nacional Arcángel San Gabriel
303:("Permanence, an act of sacrifice")
13:
2110:U.S. National Science Foundation,
2077:
692:was installed in 2008, mounted by
642:Permanencia, un acto de sacrificio
499:0.3744 ha (0.9252 acres)
300:Permanencia, un acto de sacrificio
14:
6386:
6375:1953 establishments in Antarctica
2852:
2274:"Registro civil "Base Esperanza""
2112:Geographic Names of the Antarctic
2042:List of lighthouses in Antarctica
656:Esperanza Base seen from Hope Bay
31:This article has multiple issues.
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2918:
2844:es:Refugio General Martín Güemes
2471:El primer antártico es argentino
2425:Sullivan, Walter (24 May 1982).
1844:
1549:
1537:
662:Presidente Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín
386:
320:
313:
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165:
137:{{Translated|es|Base Esperanza}}
61:
20:
3089:Research stations in Antarctica
2895:COMNAP Antarctic Facilities Map
2837:
2594:
2573:Mccarthy, Tom (31 March 2015).
2566:
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2445:
2418:
2372:
2360:from the original on 2021-12-12
1987:General Martín Güemes II Refuge
1519:Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
769:The base was the birthplace of
39:or discuss these issues on the
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1933:General Martín Güemes I Refuge
1857:Cemetery at Esperanza Station
647:
449:(under the supervision of the
334:Location of Esperanza Base in
135:You may also add the template
1:
3002:Instituto Antártico Argentino
2118:
2052:List of Antarctic field camps
737:Falkland Islands Dependencies
447:Argentine Antarctic Institute
2282:(in Spanish). Archived from
2224:(in Spanish). Archived from
1907:Refuge General Martín Güemes
1902:General Martín Güemes Refuge
1789:26 m (85 ft)
7:
2890:COMNAP Antarctic Facilities
2145:. August 2017. p. 13.
2136:Antarctic Station Catalogue
2105:Antarctica: An Encyclopedia
2025:
1679:6 m (20 ft)
1284:Average precipitation days
1070:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
930:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
461:December 17, 1953
257:All-civilian Antarctic base
240:All-civilian Antarctic base
192:conditions to do so are met
10:
6391:
5566:Bernardo O'Higgins Station
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2305:Fundación Marambio (ed.).
2248:"Base Antártica Esperanza"
1921:on the eastern tip of the
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672:furthest South Scout troop
99:Machine translation, like
6370:Lighthouses in Antarctica
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5674:Antarctic Treaty Monument
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4599:Field camps in Antarctica
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2651:(in French). Meteo Climat
2551:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007
2476:December 6, 2014, at the
2452:60 años de Base Esperanza
1864:Historic Site or Monument
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365:63.3983333°S 56.9961111°W
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308:
292:
274:
262:
255:
245:
76:the corresponding article
6365:Cemeteries in Antarctica
5963:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
5694:Henryk Arctowski Station
5363:A.B. Dobrowolski Station
2649:"Station Base Esperanza"
2190:Presidencia de la Nación
2057:
753:Antarctic Treaty of 1959
370:-63.3983333; -56.9961111
249:
6345:Outposts of Graham Land
5304:Princess Elizabeth Land
4806:Refuge Astronomer Cruls
4695:Francisco de Gurruchaga
4340:Pole of Inaccessibility
2530:Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci
2391:Beck, Peter J. (2014).
2010:63.503911°S 57.123603°W
1927:Martín Miguel de Güemes
1890:erected in 1955, and a
1546:Grunden Rock Lighthouse
640:). The base's motto is
146:For more guidance, see
6335:Outposts of Antarctica
2433:. Section A. p. 8
2015:-63.503911; -57.123603
1530:(humidity, 1982–1995)
1528:Deutscher Wetterdienst
657:
607:
507:25 m (82 ft)
482:
299:
1882:with a statue of the
655:
148:Knowledge:Translation
119:copyright attribution
6340:Argentine Antarctica
5452:Inexpressible Island
4755:Virgen de las Nieves
4645:Capitán Caillet-Bois
3651:St. Kliment Ohridski
2480:- Fundación Marambio
2461:- Fundación Marambio
2032:Argentine Antarctica
860:Record high °C (°F)
793:(ET) climate in the
667:Julio Argentino Roca
6276:Robert Falcon Scott
5933:South magnetic pole
5891:Antarctic Peninsula
5886:Biogeographic realm
5679:Arturo Prat Station
5495:Hut Point Peninsula
5286:Mac. Robertson Land
5258:Proclamation Island
5207:Belgrano II Station
4690:Florentino Ameghino
3901:Gabriel de Castilla
2542:2007HESS...11.1633P
2286:on January 17, 2010
2006: /
1952: /
1870:. These comprise a
1606: /
1555:
1331:Average snowy days
1140:Record low °C (°F)
1000:Daily mean °C (°F)
783:Antarctic ice sheet
638:Villa Las Estrellas
631:Antarctic Peninsula
525: • Winter
517: • Summer
413:Antarctic Peninsula
361: /
179:of this article is
6214:Telecommunications
6128:Territorial claims
5684:Great Wall Station
5631:San Martin Station
5447:Hells Gate Moraine
5230:Humboldt Mountains
4967:Borchgrevink’s Hut
4700:General San Martín
3639:Princess Elisabeth
2457:2018-06-14 at the
2279:Ejército Argentino
2221:Ejército Argentino
2196:on 27 October 2014
1991:The second refuge
1876:General San Martin
1545:
658:
496: • Urban
127:interlanguage link
6355:Trinity Peninsula
6322:
6321:
6281:Ernest Shackleton
6209:Research stations
6154:Antarctic English
6123:National programs
6118:Military activity
6092:COVID-19 pandemic
6049:
6048:
5918:Floristic Kingdom
5823:Antarctic sea ice
5773:
5772:
5757:Stonington Island
5646:Stonington Island
5606:Metchnikoff Point
5581:Esperanza Station
5381:Débarquement Rock
5235:Schirmacher Oasis
5139:
5138:
5013:Blaicklock Island
4655:Capitán Estivariz
4565:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4101:Drescher Ice Camp
3991:
3990:
3560:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3486:Comandante Ferraz
3206:Profesor Escudero
3196:General O'Higgins
3055:
3054:
2152:978-0-473-40409-3
2103:Stewart, Andrew,
2037:Hope Bay incident
1937:The first refuge
1923:Trinity Peninsula
1919:Tabarin Peninsula
1838:
1837:
1732:solar power
1709:red (tower)
1575:Trinity Peninsula
1534:
1533:
1377:relative humidity
733:Hope Bay incident
623:Trinity Peninsula
597:
596:
434:Trinity Peninsula
238:
237:
230:
220:
219:
212:
159:
158:
88:
84:
54:
6382:
6307:
6306:
6297:
6296:
6271:James Clark Ross
6243:Famous explorers
6057:
5876:
5875:
5800:
5793:
5786:
5777:
5776:
5641:Snow Hill Island
5601:Megalestris Hill
5591:Horseshoe Island
5520:Observation Hill
5485:Shackleton's Hut
5340:Buromskiy Island
5225:Dakshin Gangotri
5166:
5159:
5152:
5143:
5142:
5053:Shackleton's Hut
4857:Gutiérrez Vargas
4725:Martín Güemes II
4592:
4585:
4578:
4569:
4568:
4552:
4382:
4365:
4353:
4336:
4314:
4272:
4140:Dakshin Gangotri
4124:
3997:
3996:
3566:
3565:
3404:Novolazarevskaya
3272:Dumont d'Urville
3108:
3107:
3097:
3096:
3082:
3075:
3068:
3059:
3058:
3050:
2991:
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2957:
2947:
2946:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2914:
2905:
2904:
2902:Official website
2883:
2870:
2846:
2841:
2835:
2834:
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2831:
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2811:
2810:
2808:
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2611:
2609:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2553:
2536:(5): 1633–1644.
2527:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2500:"Base Esperanza"
2496:
2481:
2468:
2462:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2388:
2382:
2381:satellite images
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2317:
2311:
2310:
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2291:
2270:
2264:
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2261:
2259:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2192:. Archived from
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2161:
2140:
2132:
2071:
2068:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1982:
1974:Jorge Edgar Leal
1967:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1956:63.483333°S 57°W
1953:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1848:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1811:
1810:
1796:
1795:
1781:
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1757:
1756:
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1611:
1607:
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1603:
1602:
1599:
1582:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1544:
1287:
808:
807:
745:Falkland Islands
664:(formerly named
615:research station
468:
466:
396:
392:
390:
389:
376:
375:
373:
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366:
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132:
105:Google Translate
86:
82:
65:
64:
57:
46:
24:
23:
16:
6390:
6389:
6385:
6384:
6383:
6381:
6380:
6379:
6325:
6324:
6323:
6318:
6285:
6255:Richard E. Byrd
6238:
6199:Protected areas
6137:
6101:
6058:
6045:
6002:
5956:Bodies of Water
5951:
5940:West Antarctica
5896:East Antarctica
5874:
5809:
5804:
5774:
5769:
5751:
5733:
5689:Half Moon Beach
5666:South Shetlands
5660:
5651:Waterboat Point
5611:Paradise Harbor
5576:Detaille Island
5552:
5540:Edward VII Land
5534:
5505:McMurdo Station
5461:
5413:
5395:
5367:
5349:
5332:Queen Mary Land
5326:
5322:Walkabout Rocks
5298:
5280:
5262:
5244:
5217:Queen Maud Land
5211:
5193:
5175:
5170:
5140:
5135:
5067:
4999:
4981:
4953:
4935:
4902:
4884:
4866:
4843:
4820:
4787:
4778:Edgeworth David
4764:
4730:Nogal de Saldán
4720:Martín Güemes I
4675:Cristo Redentor
4650:Capitán Cobbett
4620:Abrazo de Maipú
4601:
4596:
4566:
4557:
4546:
4532:World Park Base
4510:Little Rockford
4376:
4359:
4347:
4330:
4308:
4266:
4118:
4002:
3987:
3688:Julio Ripamonti
3673:González Videla
3585:Almirante Brown
3571:
3552:
3469:
3441:
3418:
3380:
3357:
3238:
3210:
3201:Presidente Frei
3177:
3149:
3102:
3091:
3086:
3056:
3051:
3042:
3004:
2995:
2965:
2955:
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2629:
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2622:
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2617:
2607:
2605:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2585:
2583:
2571:
2567:
2525:
2519:
2515:
2505:
2503:
2498:
2497:
2484:
2478:Wayback Machine
2469:
2465:
2459:Wayback Machine
2450:
2446:
2436:
2434:
2423:
2419:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2389:
2385:
2377:
2373:
2363:
2361:
2346:(25 May 2010).
2341:
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2325:
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2314:
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2289:
2287:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2257:
2255:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2231:
2229:
2216:"official site"
2214:
2213:
2209:
2199:
2197:
2186:Canal Encuentro
2180:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2153:
2138:
2134:
2133:
2126:
2121:
2096:Lonely Planet,
2080:
2078:Further reading
2075:
2074:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2028:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1976:
1961:-63.483333; -57
1960:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1913:and depends on
1904:
1884:Virgin of Lujan
1860:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1823:
1805:
1790:
1775:
1751:
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909:
904:
899:
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889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
779:
767:
761:
714:coastal ecology
650:
593:
575:
574:
485:
464:
462:
443:Administered by
438:
417:
387:
385:
369:
367:
363:
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352:
350:
348:
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341:
340:
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293:Motto(s):
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155:
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62:
25:
21:
12:
11:
5:
6388:
6378:
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6372:
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6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6320:
6319:
6317:
6316:
6311:
6301:
6290:
6287:
6286:
6284:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6265:Ui-te-Rangiora
6262:
6260:Douglas Mawson
6257:
6252:
6250:Roald Amundsen
6246:
6244:
6240:
6239:
6237:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6189:Gateway cities
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6149:Antarctica Day
6145:
6143:
6139:
6138:
6136:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6109:
6107:
6103:
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6043:
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6036:
6031:
6021:
6019:Microorganisms
6016:
6010:
6008:
6004:
6003:
6001:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5983:List of rivers
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5959:
5957:
5953:
5952:
5950:
5949:
5948:
5947:
5937:
5936:
5935:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5913:Extreme points
5910:
5909:
5908:
5903:
5893:
5888:
5882:
5880:
5873:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
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5842:
5841:
5840:
5835:
5833:Climate change
5825:
5819:
5817:
5811:
5810:
5803:
5802:
5795:
5788:
5780:
5771:
5770:
5768:
5767:
5761:
5759:
5753:
5752:
5750:
5749:
5743:
5741:
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5734:
5732:
5731:
5729:Yankee Harbour
5726:
5721:
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5711:
5706:
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5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5670:
5668:
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5661:
5659:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5636:Seymour Island
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5562:
5560:
5554:
5553:
5551:
5550:
5548:Scott Nunataks
5544:
5542:
5536:
5535:
5533:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
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5497:
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5487:
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5444:
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5403:
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5388:
5383:
5377:
5375:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5365:
5359:
5357:
5351:
5350:
5348:
5347:
5342:
5336:
5334:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5324:
5319:
5317:Vostok Station
5314:
5308:
5306:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5296:
5290:
5288:
5282:
5281:
5279:
5278:
5272:
5270:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5254:
5252:
5246:
5245:
5243:
5242:
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5232:
5227:
5221:
5219:
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5210:
5209:
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5201:
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5192:
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5185:
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5177:
5176:
5169:
5168:
5161:
5154:
5146:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5077:
5075:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5043:Peggotty Bluff
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5009:
5007:
5005:United Kingdom
5001:
5000:
4998:
4997:
4991:
4989:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4963:
4961:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4951:
4945:
4943:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4921:Cap Prud'homme
4918:
4912:
4910:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4900:
4894:
4892:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4882:
4880:Cap Prud'homme
4876:
4874:
4868:
4867:
4865:
4864:
4859:
4853:
4851:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4841:
4836:
4830:
4828:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4801:Balduino Rambo
4797:
4795:
4789:
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4786:
4785:
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4774:
4772:
4766:
4765:
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4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4660:Capitán Fliess
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4640:Caleta Péndulo
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4611:
4609:
4603:
4602:
4595:
4594:
4587:
4580:
4572:
4563:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4555:
4554:
4553:
4539:Joint Stations
4536:
4535:
4534:
4524:
4523:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4505:Little America
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
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4455:
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4445:
4440:
4435:
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4425:
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4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4388:United Kingdom
4385:
4384:
4383:
4371:
4366:
4354:
4345:Salyut Station
4342:
4337:
4325:
4320:
4315:
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3983:
3981:Elichiribehety
3973:
3972:
3971:
3966:
3956:
3955:
3954:
3949:
3942:United Kingdom
3939:
3938:
3937:
3927:
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3920:
3910:
3909:
3908:
3903:
3893:
3892:
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3876:
3871:
3869:Leningradskaya
3861:
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3859:
3849:
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3847:
3837:
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3825:
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3775:
3770:
3760:
3759:
3758:
3748:
3747:
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3735:
3734:
3727:Czech Republic
3724:
3723:
3722:
3717:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3678:Guillermo Mann
3675:
3670:
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3643:
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3500:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3455:Amundsen-Scott
3451:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3428:
3426:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3394:Bellingshausen
3390:
3388:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3373:
3367:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3340:United Kingdom
3336:
3335:
3334:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3250:Czech Republic
3246:
3244:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3220:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3209:
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3127:
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3104:
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3093:
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3085:
3084:
3077:
3070:
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3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3009:
3006:
3005:
2994:
2993:
2986:
2979:
2971:
2964:
2963:
2951:
2939:
2927:
2925:Earth sciences
2907:
2906:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2879:
2874:
2866:
2861:
2854:
2853:External links
2851:
2848:
2847:
2836:
2812:
2783:
2758:
2736:
2714:
2703:on 8 July 2023
2684:
2662:
2637:
2615:
2593:
2565:
2513:
2482:
2463:
2444:
2431:New York Times
2417:
2403:
2383:
2371:
2335:
2312:
2297:
2265:
2239:
2228:on 6 June 2011
2207:
2188:(in Spanish).
2173:
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2055:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2027:
2024:
1988:
1985:
1934:
1931:
1915:Esperanza Base
1911:Argentine Army
1903:
1900:
1853:
1852:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1819:
1817:Characteristic
1813:
1812:
1802:
1798:
1797:
1787:
1783:
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1772:
1768:
1767:
1763:
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1748:Argentine Navy
1745:
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1694:cylinder
1692:
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1628:
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1623:
1622:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1577:, Antarctica
1571:Esperanza Base
1564:
1560:
1559:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1523:
1522:
1514:
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1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
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1489:
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1477:
1474:
1472:sunshine hours
1467:
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1460:
1457:
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1436:
1433:
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1427:
1425:sunshine hours
1420:
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1407:
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1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
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1372:
1371:
1368:
1365:
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1359:
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1300:
1297:
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1275:
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829:
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806:
778:
775:
763:Main article:
760:
757:
690:wind generator
649:
646:
608:Base Esperanza
600:Esperanza Base
595:
594:
592:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
572:
571:
570:
568:
564:
563:
560:
556:
555:
552:
548:
547:
546:All-year round
544:
540:
539:
536:
530:
529:
526:
522:
521:
518:
514:
513:
509:
508:
505:
501:
500:
497:
493:
492:
488:
487:
483:Base Esperanza
476:
470:
469:
459:
455:
454:
444:
440:
439:
437:
436:
431:
425:
423:
419:
418:
416:
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410:
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402:
398:
397:
382:
378:
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343:
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333:
328:Esperanza Base
327:
326:
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318:
312:
311:
310:
309:
306:
305:
294:
290:
289:
283:
277:
276:
275:
272:
271:
268:
260:
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256:
253:
252:
250:Base Esperanza
247:Esperanza Base
246:
239:
236:
235:
218:
217:
173:
171:
164:
157:
156:
152:
151:
144:
133:
111:
108:
97:
90:
71:
70:
69:
67:
60:
55:
29:
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6387:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
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6361:
6358:
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6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
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6341:
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6333:
6332:
6330:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6302:
6300:
6292:
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6269:
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6241:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6194:Midwinter Day
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6146:
6144:
6140:
6134:
6133:Treaty System
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6110:
6108:
6104:
6098:
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6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6011:
6009:
6005:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5988:McMurdo Sound
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5960:
5958:
5954:
5946:
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5843:
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5812:
5808:
5801:
5796:
5794:
5789:
5787:
5782:
5781:
5778:
5766:
5763:
5762:
5760:
5758:
5754:
5748:
5745:
5744:
5742:
5740:
5739:South Orkneys
5736:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5709:Pendulum Cove
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5671:
5669:
5667:
5663:
5657:
5656:Winter Island
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5616:Paulet Island
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5596:Lambda Island
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5559:
5555:
5549:
5546:
5545:
5543:
5541:
5537:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5490:Discovery Hut
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5472:
5470:
5468:
5464:
5458:
5457:Mount Dockery
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5437:Cape Wadworth
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5420:
5419:Victoria Land
5416:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5404:
5402:
5401:George V Land
5398:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5386:Petrel Island
5384:
5382:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5374:
5370:
5364:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5356:
5352:
5346:
5345:Mirny Station
5343:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5335:
5333:
5329:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5312:Tryne Islands
5310:
5309:
5307:
5305:
5301:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5287:
5283:
5277:
5274:
5273:
5271:
5269:
5265:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5247:
5241:
5240:Showa Station
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5218:
5214:
5208:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5200:
5196:
5190:
5187:
5186:
5184:
5182:
5178:
5174:
5167:
5162:
5160:
5155:
5153:
5148:
5147:
5144:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5126:Union Glacier
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5116:Patriot Hills
5114:
5112:
5111:Odell Glacier
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5081:Beacon Valley
5079:
5078:
5076:
5074:
5073:United States
5070:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5033:Discovery Hut
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5006:
5002:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4988:
4984:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4960:
4956:
4950:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4942:
4938:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4916:Browning Pass
4914:
4913:
4911:
4909:
4905:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4891:
4887:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4873:
4869:
4863:
4862:Boonen Rivera
4860:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4850:
4846:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4827:
4823:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4798:
4796:
4794:
4790:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4771:
4767:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4685:El Plumerillo
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4593:
4588:
4586:
4581:
4579:
4574:
4573:
4570:
4550:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4540:
4537:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4528:
4525:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4472:
4471:
4470:United States
4468:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4389:
4386:
4380:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4363:
4358:
4355:
4351:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4334:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4312:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4296:Komsomolskaya
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4286:Druzhnaya III
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4270:
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4260:
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4129:
4126:
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4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4106:Georg Forster
4104:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4097:
4094:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4077:
4073:
4072:Arturo Parodi
4070:
4068:
4067:Aguirre Cerda
4065:
4064:
4063:
4060:
4056:
4055:King Baudouin
4053:
4052:
4051:
4048:
4044:
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4040:
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4036:
4032:
4029:
4027:
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4019:
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4009:
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3998:
3994:
3982:
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3959:United States
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3932:
3931:
3928:
3924:
3921:
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3916:
3915:
3914:
3911:
3907:
3906:Juan Carlos I
3904:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3897:
3894:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3874:Molodyozhnaya
3872:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3862:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3850:
3846:
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3708:
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3701:
3699:
3698:Union Glacier
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
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3447:United States
3444:
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3333:
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3325:
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3141:
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3105:
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3083:
3078:
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3049:
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3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2992:
2987:
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2969:
2962:
2952:
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2822:
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2800:
2793:
2787:
2772:
2768:
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2746:
2740:
2724:
2718:
2702:
2695:
2688:
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2650:
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2642:
2625:
2619:
2603:
2597:
2582:
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2576:
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2561:
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2539:
2535:
2531:
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2517:
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2495:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2479:
2475:
2472:
2467:
2460:
2456:
2453:
2448:
2432:
2428:
2421:
2406:
2404:9781317700968
2400:
2396:
2395:
2387:
2380:
2375:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2339:
2323:
2316:
2309:(in Spanish).
2308:
2301:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2269:
2253:
2249:
2243:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2211:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2177:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2144:
2141:(catalogue).
2137:
2131:
2129:
2124:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2089:Child, Jack.
2088:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2067:
2063:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2023:
2019:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1855:
1847:
1833:
1827:
1822:Fl W 2s
1820:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1749:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1714:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1693:
1689:
1684:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1538:Historic site
1529:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:Mean monthly
1421:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1282:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1213:
1212:precipitation
1208:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
998:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
928:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
858:
814:
809:
805:
802:
798:
796:
795:Köppen system
792:
788:
784:
774:
772:
766:
756:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
729:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
697:
695:
691:
686:
683:
680:
675:
673:
669:
668:
663:
654:
645:
643:
639:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
613:
609:
605:
601:
589:
587:Oceanography
586:
583:
580:
577:
576:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
489:
486:("Hope Base")
484:
480:
477:
475:
471:
460:
456:
452:
448:
445:
441:
435:
432:
430:
427:
426:
424:
420:
414:
411:
409:
406:
405:
403:
399:
395:
383:
379:
374:
346:Coordinates:
344:
337:
316:
307:
301:
297:
291:
281:
273:
266:
261:
254:
244:
232:
229:
214:
211:
203:
200:February 2020
193:
189:
183:
182:
178:
172:
163:
162:
149:
145:
142:
134:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
109:
106:
102:
98:
95:
92:
91:
85:
79:
77:
72:You can help
68:
59:
58:
53:
51:
44:
43:
38:
37:
32:
27:
18:
17:
6179:Firefighting
6164:Demographics
6087:Colonization
6082:World War II
5699:Lame Dog Hut
5626:Port Lockroy
5621:Port Charcot
5580:
5515:Mount Erebus
5475:Cape Crozier
5432:Cape Geology
5409:Cape Denison
5250:Enderby Land
5106:Marble Point
5101:Lower Erebus
5096:Lake Fryxell
5086:Cape Roberts
5038:Oxford Cliff
5023:Cape Roberts
4949:Cape Roberts
4926:Cape Roberts
4898:Cape Roberts
4783:Cape Roberts
4625:Antonio Moro
4615:17 de Agosto
4538:
4526:
4469:
4398:Port Lockroy
4387:
4357:Sodruzhestvo
4291:Druzhnaya IV
4281:Druzhnaya II
4259:Soviet Union
4258:
4252:Sarie Marais
4227:South Africa
4226:
4214:
4197:
4180:
4158:
4152:Giacomo Bove
4146:
4134:
4095:
4078:
4061:
4049:
4037:
4021:Belgrano III
4010:
3975:
3958:
3947:Fossil Bluff
3941:
3929:
3912:
3895:
3863:
3857:Law-Racoviță
3851:
3839:
3833:Machu Picchu
3827:
3815:
3803:
3791:
3779:
3762:
3750:
3738:
3726:
3709:
3683:Jorge Boonen
3657:
3645:
3633:
3621:
3579:
3540:
3528:
3517:South Africa
3516:
3504:
3492:
3480:
3338:
3326:
3314:
3302:
3290:
3284:Neumayer III
3278:
3261:
3249:
3191:Captain Prat
3129:
3012:
3000:operated by
2882:(in Spanish)
2869:(in Spanish)
2864:Temperatures
2839:
2828:. Retrieved
2815:
2803:. Retrieved
2798:
2786:
2774:. Retrieved
2761:
2749:. Retrieved
2739:
2727:. Retrieved
2717:
2705:. Retrieved
2701:the original
2687:
2675:. Retrieved
2665:
2653:. Retrieved
2628:. Retrieved
2618:
2606:. Retrieved
2596:
2584:. Retrieved
2580:The Guardian
2578:
2568:
2533:
2529:
2516:
2504:. Retrieved
2466:
2447:
2435:. Retrieved
2430:
2420:
2408:. Retrieved
2393:
2386:
2379:Google Earth
2374:
2362:. Retrieved
2348:
2338:
2326:. Retrieved
2324:(in Spanish)
2315:
2300:
2288:. Retrieved
2284:the original
2277:
2268:
2256:. Retrieved
2254:(in Spanish)
2251:
2242:
2230:. Retrieved
2226:the original
2219:
2210:
2198:. Retrieved
2194:the original
2185:
2176:
2164:. Retrieved
2111:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2083:
2070:Indoors area
2066:
1990:
1936:
1914:
1906:
1905:
1861:
1786:Focal height
1729:Power source
1646:Construction
1570:
1567:Grunden Rock
1214:mm (inches)
803:
799:
787:blowing snow
780:
771:Emilio Palma
768:
748:
740:
730:
710:oceanography
698:
687:
678:
676:
665:
661:
659:
641:
599:
598:
224:
206:
197:
175:
123:edit summary
114:
81:
73:
47:
40:
34:
33:Please help
30:
6267:(legendary)
6174:Field camps
6072:Expeditions
5998:Weddell Sea
5978:Lake Vostok
5973:Lake Mercer
5845:Ice shelves
5724:Whalers Bay
5719:Potter Cove
5704:Maxwell Bay
5571:Damoy Point
5558:Graham Land
5530:Scott's Hut
5510:Mount Betty
5442:Foyn Island
5391:Port Martin
5373:Adélie Land
5355:Wilkes Land
5131:WAIS Divide
5048:Scott's Hut
5028:Damoy Point
5018:Cape Reclus
4941:Netherlands
4839:Sally Rocks
4745:San Nicolás
4547: [
4377: [
4360: [
4348: [
4331: [
4323:Pionerskaya
4309: [
4276:Druzhnaya I
4267: [
4220:Dobrowolski
4181:New Zealand
4128:Neumayer II
4119: [
4089:Port Martin
3845:Dobrowolski
3792:New Zealand
3627:Vechernyaya
3505:New Zealand
3437:King Sejong
3424:South Korea
3120:Belgrano II
3018:Belgrano II
2949:Engineering
2805:January 23,
2776:January 23,
2751:January 23,
2729:January 23,
2328:16 February
2252:marambio.aq
2013: /
1977: [
1959: /
1631:Constructed
1613: /
1610:63.4°S 57°W
1588:Coordinates
1470:Mean daily
749:John Biscoe
741:John Biscoe
677:The LRA 36
648:Description
627:Graham Land
584:Seismology
581:Glaciology
562:Operational
458:Established
408:Graham Land
368: /
83:(June 2019)
6329:Categories
6077:Heroic Age
5928:South Pole
5838:Heat waves
5807:Antarctica
5747:Scotia Bay
5714:Point Wild
5525:Scott Base
5480:Cape Evans
5427:Cape Adare
5294:Cape Bruce
5199:Coats Land
5189:South Pole
5181:South Pole
5121:Siple Dome
4715:Livingston
4705:Granaderos
4680:Dorian Bay
4670:Corrientes
4369:Sovetskaya
4232:Borga Base
4116:Neumayer I
4016:Belgrano I
3935:ITU PolReC
3693:Risopatrón
3255:Eco-Nelson
3224:Great Wall
3145:San Martín
3101:Year-round
3038:San Martín
2830:2013-12-31
2608:7 February
2437:7 February
2410:1 February
2166:16 January
2119:References
2084:Antarctica
2001:57°07′25″W
1998:63°30′14″S
1947:57°00′00″W
1944:63°29′00″S
1774:1994
1664:1994
1634:1952
1615:-63.4; -57
1542:Lighthouse
1517:Source 1:
1286:(≥ 0.1 mm)
706:seismology
702:glaciology
578:Limnology
567:Activities
512:Population
465:1953-12-17
356:56°59′46″W
353:63°23′54″S
336:Antarctica
177:neutrality
78:in Spanish
36:improve it
6229:Transport
5968:Lake CECs
5945:ice sheet
5901:ice sheet
5870:Volcanoes
5860:Mountains
5815:Geography
5765:East Base
5500:Lewis Bay
5268:Kemp Land
5063:South Ice
4770:Australia
4750:San Roque
4665:Chacabuco
4607:Argentina
4544:Weddell-1
4495:Ellsworth
4485:East Base
4463:Station W
4458:Station V
4453:Station T
4448:Station P
4443:Station O
4438:Station N
4433:Station J
4428:Station G
4423:Station F
4418:Station E
4413:Station D
4408:Station C
4403:Station B
4393:South Ice
4247:SANAE III
4169:Dome Fuji
4038:Australia
4026:Ellsworth
4011:Argentina
3785:Zucchelli
3744:Maldonado
3615:Primavera
3595:Decepción
3580:Argentina
3432:Jang Bogo
3332:Vernadsky
3320:Arctowski
3296:Concordia
3267:Concordia
3229:Zhongshan
3155:Australia
3130:Esperanza
3112:Argentina
3013:Esperanza
2961:Argentina
2937:Geography
2560:1027-5606
1771:First lit
1661:Automated
726:limnology
612:Argentine
534:UN/LOCODE
504:Elevation
474:Named for
394:Argentina
188:talk page
141:talk page
42:talk page
6299:Category
6204:Religion
6106:Politics
6024:Wildlife
5993:Ross Sea
5855:Glaciers
5586:Hope Bay
5467:Ross Sea
4972:Framheim
4834:Academia
4826:Bulgaria
4710:Groussac
4475:Brockton
4374:Vostok I
4242:SANAE II
4208:Maudheim
4111:Filchner
3969:Shirreff
3884:Russkaya
3879:Progress
3816:Pakistan
3773:Gondwana
3663:Carvajal
3646:Bulgaria
3605:Melchior
3600:Matienzo
3522:SANAE IV
3409:Progress
3135:Marambio
3028:Marambio
2474:Archived
2455:Archived
2364:20 April
2358:Archived
2290:20 April
2258:20 April
2232:20 April
2200:20 April
2157:Archived
2026:See also
1970:Duse Bay
1892:cemetery
1888:flagpole
1744:Operator
1706:Markings
1563:Location
1465:1,120.8
1375:Average
1279:(28.60)
1210:Average
1205:(−37.1)
1185:(−26.7)
1180:(−25.6)
1175:(−37.1)
1170:(−22.0)
1165:(−21.3)
1160:(−14.8)
619:Hope Bay
429:Hope Bay
422:Location
181:disputed
117:provide
6309:Commons
6224:Tourism
6169:Economy
6142:Society
6064:History
6034:Mammals
5923:Islands
5879:Regions
5850:Geology
5828:Climate
5058:Sky Blu
4977:Polheim
4890:Germany
4816:Wiltgen
4515:Plateau
4500:Hallett
4301:Lazarev
4264:Druzhba
4237:SANAE I
4186:Hallett
4096:Germany
4084:Charcot
4050:Belgium
3976:Uruguay
3852:Romania
3763:Germany
3751:Finland
3739:Ecuador
3720:Taishan
3668:Collins
3634:Belgium
3622:Belarus
3546:Artigas
3541:Uruguay
3460:McMurdo
3371:Bharati
3351:Rothera
3327:Ukraine
3279:Germany
3234:Qinling
3140:Orcadas
3125:Carlini
3033:Orcadas
3023:Carlini
2911:Portals
2655:June 6,
2538:Bibcode
2506:4 March
2354:YouTube
1894:with a
1601:57°00′W
1598:63°24′S
1274:(2.32)
1269:(2.56)
1264:(2.22)
1259:(2.45)
1254:(2.84)
1249:(2.13)
1244:(1.87)
1239:(2.14)
1234:(2.33)
1229:(2.97)
1224:(2.56)
1219:(2.21)
1200:(14.5)
1195:(−0.4)
1190:(−9.8)
1155:(−5.6)
1145:(16.7)
1135:(17.6)
1130:(28.8)
1125:(25.0)
1120:(18.0)
1115:(12.4)
1095:(11.8)
1090:(16.0)
1085:(22.6)
1080:(28.4)
1075:(29.8)
1065:(23.9)
1060:(33.4)
1055:(30.4)
1050:(24.6)
1045:(19.6)
1040:(14.9)
1035:(12.6)
1030:(13.3)
1025:(18.7)
1020:(22.1)
1015:(28.4)
1010:(33.6)
1005:(34.7)
995:(30.6)
990:(38.8)
985:(36.1)
980:(31.6)
975:(27.3)
970:(22.8)
965:(20.5)
960:(20.8)
955:(26.2)
950:(28.9)
945:(34.5)
940:(39.0)
935:(39.7)
925:(64.9)
920:(58.3)
915:(57.7)
910:(62.6)
905:(52.5)
900:(55.4)
895:(57.2)
890:(55.9)
885:(63.0)
880:(62.8)
875:(63.5)
870:(64.9)
865:(58.8)
777:Climate
731:In the
722:geology
718:biology
635:Chilean
629:on the
604:Spanish
590:Geology
479:Spanish
463: (
381:Country
296:Spanish
139:to the
121:in the
80:.
5906:shield
5865:Tundra
5091:Dome C
4959:Norway
4872:France
4811:Goeldi
4793:Brazil
4760:Yapeyú
4635:Cabral
4630:Ballvé
4490:Eights
4328:Pobeda
4215:Poland
4203:Norway
4198:Norway
4174:Mizuho
4079:France
4043:Wilkes
4031:Sobral
4001:Closed
3930:Turkey
3913:Sweden
3864:Russia
3840:Poland
3821:Jinnah
3804:Norway
3768:Kohnen
3732:Mendel
3715:Kunlun
3703:Yelcho
3610:Petrel
3590:Cámara
3570:Summer
3529:Turkey
3481:Brazil
3474:Others
3465:Palmer
3414:Vostok
3386:Russia
3376:Maitri
3346:Halley
3315:Poland
3303:Norway
3262:France
3243:Europe
3173:Mawson
2707:8 July
2677:16 May
2630:3 July
2586:8 July
2558:
2401:
2149:
1880:grotto
1750:
1676:Height
1462:186.0
1459:159.0
1456:130.2
1432:130.0
1429:167.4
1370:178.6
1150:(8.2)
1110:(7.3)
1105:(5.0)
1100:(6.6)
816:Month
791:tundra
759:People
724:, and
559:Status
554:Annual
551:Period
538:AQ ESP
401:Region
391:
284:Emblem
6314:Index
6234:Women
6184:Flags
6159:Crime
6097:Years
6039:Krill
6029:Birds
6014:Flora
4995:Byers
4987:Spain
4931:Icaro
4908:Italy
4849:Chile
4740:Ortiz
4551:]
4527:Other
4520:Siple
4381:]
4364:]
4352:]
4335:]
4318:Oasis
4313:]
4271:]
4191:Vanda
4164:Asuka
4159:Japan
4147:Italy
4135:India
4123:]
4062:Chile
3964:Lenie
3952:Signy
3896:Spain
3889:Soyuz
3797:Vanda
3780:Italy
3710:China
3658:Chile
3510:Scott
3498:Showa
3493:Japan
3399:Mirny
3363:India
3308:Troll
3291:Italy
3216:China
3183:Chile
3168:Davis
3163:Casey
2824:(PDF)
2795:(PDF)
2697:(PDF)
2526:(PDF)
2344:INVAP
2160:(PDF)
2139:(PDF)
2058:Notes
1981:]
1896:stele
1801:Range
1766:Light
1691:Shape
1626:Tower
1548:
1453:87.0
1450:52.7
1447:18.6
1441:27.9
1438:63.0
1435:93.0
1367:14.1
1364:15.5
1361:16.6
1358:15.1
1355:15.4
1352:15.2
1349:14.8
1346:15.4
1343:16.0
1340:14.8
1337:12.1
1334:13.6
1277:726.4
1203:−38.4
1193:−18.0
1188:−23.2
1183:−32.6
1178:−32.0
1173:−38.4
1168:−30.0
1163:−29.6
1158:−26.0
1153:−20.9
1148:−13.2
1113:−10.9
1108:−13.7
1103:−15.0
1098:−14.1
1093:−11.2
1033:−10.8
1028:−10.4
855:Year
694:INVAP
682:radio
101:DeepL
6219:Time
6007:Life
4480:Byrd
3923:Wasa
3918:Svea
3828:Peru
3756:Aboa
3534:TARS
2807:2016
2778:2016
2753:2016
2731:2016
2709:2023
2679:2023
2657:2016
2632:2021
2610:2020
2588:2015
2556:ISSN
2508:2017
2439:2020
2412:2020
2399:ISBN
2366:2019
2330:2024
2292:2019
2260:2019
2234:2019
2202:2019
2168:2023
2147:ISBN
1886:, a
1878:, a
1872:bust
1512:3.1
1509:6.0
1506:5.3
1503:4.2
1500:2.9
1497:1.7
1494:0.6
1491:0.2
1488:0.9
1485:2.1
1482:3.0
1479:4.6
1476:5.4
1444:6.0
1379:(%)
1326:177
1272:59.0
1267:65.0
1262:56.4
1257:62.2
1252:72.1
1247:54.1
1242:47.4
1237:54.4
1232:59.1
1227:75.5
1222:65.0
1217:56.2
1198:−9.7
1143:−8.5
1133:−8.0
1128:−1.8
1123:−3.9
1118:−7.8
1088:−8.9
1083:−5.2
1078:−2.0
1073:−1.2
1063:−4.5
1053:−0.9
1048:−4.1
1043:−6.9
1038:−9.5
1023:−7.4
1018:−5.5
1013:−2.0
993:−0.8
978:−0.2
973:−2.6
968:−5.1
963:−6.4
958:−6.2
953:−3.2
948:−1.7
923:18.3
918:14.6
913:14.3
908:17.0
903:11.4
898:13.0
893:14.0
888:13.3
883:17.2
878:17.1
873:17.5
868:18.3
863:14.9
852:Dec
849:Nov
846:Oct
843:Sep
840:Aug
837:Jul
834:Jun
831:May
828:Apr
825:Mar
822:Feb
819:Jan
625:(in
573:List
543:Type
491:Area
174:The
115:must
113:You
94:View
4735:Ona
4306:Mir
3809:Tor
2546:doi
2356:).
1874:of
1418:80
1415:80
1412:81
1409:80
1406:79
1403:80
1400:80
1397:79
1394:80
1391:80
1388:80
1385:80
1382:82
1323:16
1320:16
1317:15
1314:15
1311:15
1308:13
1305:11
1302:14
1299:17
1296:17
1293:14
1290:14
1058:0.8
1008:0.9
1003:1.5
988:3.8
983:2.3
943:1.4
938:3.9
933:4.3
617:in
520:116
103:or
6331::
4549:ru
4379:es
4362:ru
4350:lt
4333:ru
4311:ru
4269:ru
4121:de
2797:.
2769:.
2640:^
2577:.
2554:.
2544:.
2534:11
2532:.
2528:.
2485:^
2429:.
2276:.
2250:.
2218:.
2184:.
2155:.
2127:^
1979:es
1569:,
797:.
728:.
720:,
716:,
712:,
708:,
704:,
696:.
688:A
621:,
606::
528:56
481::
298::
45:.
5799:e
5792:t
5785:v
5165:e
5158:t
5151:v
4591:e
4584:t
4577:v
3081:e
3074:t
3067:v
2990:e
2983:t
2976:v
2913::
2833:.
2809:.
2780:.
2755:.
2733:.
2711:.
2681:.
2659:.
2634:.
2612:.
2590:.
2562:.
2548::
2540::
2510:.
2441:.
2414:.
2368:.
2352:(
2332:.
2294:.
2262:.
2236:.
2204:.
2170:.
602:(
467:)
453:)
231:)
225:(
213:)
207:(
202:)
198:(
194:.
184:.
150:.
143:.
52:)
48:(
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