Ernle Chatfield, 1st Baron Chatfield

873:, was generally supportive of the Admiralty, but had been weakened by the split in the Labour Party in 1931 with McDonald leading a rump National Labour Party (which was the smallest of the parties that made up the governing coalition) in opposition to the Labour Party. The Foreign Secretary, Sir John Simon, was considered to be highly intelligent, but seemingly incapable of making a decision as Simon would lay out the options in foreign policy and then find himself unable to chose which option to pursue. The dominant personality in the cabinet was the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Neville Chamberlain, who was considered to be the most able minister in the National Government and already widely considered to be a future prime minister. With a weak foreign secretary and a prime minister leading a rump party in the coalition National government, the influence of the Treasury, which considered naval spending wasteful, was in the ascendency. The so-called "ten year rule" introduced in 1919 under which the service chiefs were to base their defense estimates on the assumption that there would be no major war in the next years had abandoned in early 1932 in response to Japan's aggression in China, but it was still unclear just how far the cabinet would go with rearmament. In response to Chamberlain vetoing a request from the Admiralty requesting more stockpiling of fuel, more reservists for the Royal Navy, and more aeroplanes for the Fleet Air Arm, Chatfield together with the other three sea lords wrote to the cabinet on 16 January 1933 that they could only accept the Treasury viewpoint on naval spending "if the cabinet is aware of and prepared to take responsibility for the continuance of these serious deficiencies". It was in part to resolve the dispute about what form British rearmament should go and in part how much to spend on rearmament that the Defense Requirements Committee was formed in November 1933. Chatfield found himself at odds with Chamberlain and the Treasury who favored a return to the Anglo-Japanese alliance that had ended in 1922. The call from Chamberlain to a return to the Anglo-Japanese alliance prompted a strong reaction from the diplomats with 927:, protested that the costs of a naval arms race with Japan; sending another large expeditionary force to aid France; and building up a strong RAF would be too much of a financial strain and that choices had to be made. Chamberlain argued that since Germany was by far the most powerful of Britain's potential enemies, the conclusion that Germany was "the ultimate potential enemy" should be strictly adhered to with regard to defense spending. As such, Chamberlain ruled that of the £76.8 million committed for defense spending in the coming fiscal year, £50.3 million was to go to the Royal Air Force. Chamberlain downplayed Chatfield's thesis of a Japanese threat under the grounds that Japan could threaten Australia, New Zealand and the British colonies in Asia while Germany could threaten the United Kingdom itself. Chamberlain concluded in a paper to the cabinet: "Our best defense would be the existence of a deterrent force so powerful as to render success in attack too doubtful to be worthwhile. I submit that this is most likely to be attained by the establishment of an air force based in this country of a size and efficiency calculated to inspire respect in the mind of a possible enemy". As part of an effort to sabotage Chatfield's case, Chamberlain ruled that no new warships were to be ordered until the 1935 naval conference was held, and in the defense estimates submitted to the House of Commons in 1934, the Army's budget was cut in half, the RAF's budget was raised and the Royal Navy's budget stayed about the same. The defense policy adopted in 1934 came to be known as "limited liability" with the thesis that Britain was an island that ruled a global empire and as such spending on air power and sea power was emphasised. Through Chatfield would preferred greater naval spending, he did not oppose the basic assumptions of the limited liability doctrine, and he tended to favor the defense of the British empire and the Commonwealth over the defense of other states that might be threatened with aggression. 916:

Singapore strategy were activated. During the meetings of the Defense sub-committee, Chatfield stated the first concern should be Japan and he favored having the Singapore base finished along with building defenses to defend Singapore. Chatfield argued that the Singapore strategy was not only the best way to deter Japan, but also offered up the prospect of an alliance with the United States. He pointed out that the United States Navy was building a new naval base in Hawaii at Pearl Harbour, which took as a sign that the United States was also concerned about Japan, and argued that joint Anglo-American fears of Japanese expansionism could serve as the basis of an Anglo-American alliance. Besides for bases, Chatfield wanted to modernise the battle fleet; buy more cruisers and aircraft; equip all warships with ASDIC; and stockpile fuel and ammunition at the various Royal Navy bases. The estimates for the naval budget came in by a third of the original defense budget, which weakened his case. During the discussions of the DRC, Chatfield tended to an emphasis on the defense of the British Empire and the threat from Japan while Ellington called for a RAF equal to any European air force while Montgomery-Massinberd called for the British Army to have at least five divisions available to serve as an expeditionary force to France. Vansittart agreed with Chatfield that Japan was a danger, but argued that Japan would attack if Britain were involved in a war with another European power, which Vansittart stated could only be Germany. Chatfield's efforts for a larger naval budget was undercut by a series of highly alarmist stories in the British newspapers about the power of strategical bombing to inflict a "knock-out blow" within a matter of days by razing entire cities, and along with the claim that the Luftwaffe possessed such a bomber force. The hysterical claims about the Luftwaffe, which vastly exaggerated the war-winning capacity of strategical bombing, which were shared by the Lord Privy Seal,

1137:

Anglo-American forces in the Asia-Pacific region, but "that as a principle he believed that since the two fleets would probably be separated at first and probably for some time, there could not be unity in command in a tactical or strategical and that strategical co-operation would be all that was possible". Chatfield suggested that there be close intelligence-sharing between the British and American navies along with a common means of communication such a joint cipher. Chatfield soon discovered during the talks that Ingersoll had no real power to negotiate anything, the purpose of his visit was more for information-gathering, and that Roosevelt had wanted the British to take the lead in confronting Japan as the president did not feel that Congress would grant him the necessary authority to go to war. Ingersoll noted that a blockade was an act of war under international law, and Roosevelt would need permission from Congress about imposing a blockade of Japan. Despite these caveats, Chatfield and Ingersoll agreed to a record of conversation that committed both sides to intelligence sharing, a joint cipher, a discussion of war plans, and permission to use each other's waters in Asia-Pacific region (through Chatfield was unable to make any promises on behalf of Australia and New Zealand). The Chatfield-Ingersoll talks did not lead to any action against Japan in 1938 as Roosevelt chose to accept the Japanese claim that the sinking of the

892:, the Permanent Undersecretary at the Treasury, who reached an understanding with Japan, Chatfield spoke in favor of reaching an understanding with the United States. Chatfield argued that the Imperial Japanese Navy was the powerful naval force in Asia; that Japan was becoming increasingly unfriendly towards Great Britain; that Hong Kong was dangerously exposed and the Singapore naval base was far from being completed despite having work having been started in 1919; and that for all these reasons that having the United States Navy as an ally in the Asia-Pacific region would be of immense strategical benefit. Chatfield's arguments tended to win out over those of Fisher, who usually had nothing more than visceral anti-Americanism to base his arguments on. For his first two years as First Sea Lord, Chatfield was hamstrung by awaiting the result of the 1935 Naval Disarmament conference as he could not place any orders for warships until he knew what the results of the conference would be. As First Sea Lord, Chatfield had a marked tendency to play up the threat from Japan when addressing the Defense Requirements Committee in 1933–1934, which had the task of planning British rearmament for the next five years. The Defense Requirements Sub-Committee was chaired by 983:

to complete. In a memo to the Foreign Secretary Sir Samuel Hoare, Chatfield wrote: "we must never forgot that we have no naval margin at all, and the loss of one or two ships would be a serious matter for us". Chatfield stressed at present the battleships of the Royal Navy were in a process of being modernised by rotation. A number of warships were in the docks being equipped with radar, asdic and other aspects of modern technology. As such he had only 7 battleships available for operations at present. In a memo to Fisher on 25 August 1935, Chatfield wrote: "...that a hostile Italy is a real menace to our Imperial communications and defense system. We have relied on practically abandoning the Mediterranean if we send our fleet east. For that reason, I do not want to go to extreme measures and hope the Geneva pacifists will fail to get unanimity and the League will break up". Chatfield stated that a war with Italy would likely lead to several British warships being sunk, which would take several years to replace, and would undermine the Singapore strategy. Through Chatfield expressed much confidence that the Royal Navy's Mediterranean fleet was capable of defeating the

974:

bordering the Black Sea. Chatfield in a memo to the cabinet on 3 September 1935 wrote: "With our forces based in Gibraltar and in Egypt, her main communications can be cut with comparatively little effort to ourselves, whereas to take any steps (excepting by submarine) to counter our action she would have to send her forces far from their bases where they would be brought to action. This strategical advantage is so great that it is highly unlikely that Italy could make any serious effort with naval forces to interfere with our control of the two exits to the Mediterranean except by action of her submarines, which could not prove to be decisive. Further, Italy's objective is the prosecution of her Abyssinian war, and the mere closing of the canal to her by the presence of our naval forces (whether the closing is done in the canal itself or by action outside of it) might be decisive within a measurable period". Chatfield admitted that if Britain did go to war with Italy, it might led to the

861:. Chatfield played a key role in fashioning tactics that favored night fighting and less centralised maneuvers as the basis of tactics for future fleet battles. The American historians Williamson Murray and Alan Millet wrote that the Royal Navy in the interwar period did a superb job in training admirals and captains in the style of the 18th and early 19th centuries, so that "...in the future there would be few of the egregious errors that marked the Battle of Jutland". Rear-Admiral Sir Rowland Jerram who served under Chatfield for 20 years as his private secretary described him: "an officer of the old school in upbringing, but certainly not lacking in imagination and breath of view; of the highest ability as a seaman, a leader and in the higher ranks, a debater, sure of himself and 100% trusted by the Navy". The British historian 4502: 987:, in a memo to Vansittart, he wrote: "I was surprised to find how unready the other two services were and how long it would take before they could give effective resistance to Italian action by land or air. The naval situation is bad enough....it would be a serious business if the great League of Nations, having at last agreed to act together, was able to be flouted by the nation it was trying to coerce". Chatfield advised against imposing oil sanctions on Italy, saying that a war with Italy was not worth the cost. Chatfield stressed that there was a danger that Japan might take advantage of an Anglo-Italian war, and predicated in the event of a war with Japan that Hong Kong would probably be lost as Hong Kong could not withstand a "determined attack" and that Singapore was "dangerously weak". 970:, tended to follow Chatfield's advice, being more of a representative of the Admiralty in the cabinet rather than its master. Chatfield was personally hostile towards the League of Nations, arguing that the principle of collective security could embroil Britain in wars where no British "vital interests" were at stake. Chatfield defined "vital interests" as the defense of the British Empire and the Commonwealth. Chatfield argued that for the Singapore strategy to work require use of the Mediterranean rather than sending the fleet the long way around Africa, and he preferred a friendly Italy to an unfriendly Italy, saying he no reason to antagonise Mussolini for a "moral motive". 1165: 4247: 3682: 1071:

based in Scapa Flow faced off against the High Seas Fleet based in Wilhelmshaven and Kiel. Until the Z plan was launched, Hitler had consistently placed the Kriegsmarine third in defense spending behind the Army and the Luftwaffe, which was known to British intelligence, and led Chatfield to predicate it would be some time before Germany could construct a fleet that would be dangerous for British interests. Chatfield for a time favored encouraging German expansionism into Eastern Europe as a way to encourage Hitler to spend more

991:

the other British bases in the Mediterranean, there were no docks for capital ships at Gibraltar and at the base in Alexandria the docks were only big enough for light cruisers and destroyers. For this reason, Chatfield stated it was imperative that the Royal Navy's Mediterranean fleet have permission to use the docks for capital ships at the French Mediterranean fleet's bases at Toulon and Bizerta, and as such it was crucial that Britain have the support of France in confronting Italy. The French Premier,

4464: 1303: 1240:

British warships operating in the Baltic, the lack of any port as Kronstadt was unavailable following the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, and the threat that the Germany would seize Denmark and with it the Danish Straits that link the Baltic Sea to the North Sea all solved to abort Operation Catherine. Churchill who served alongside Chatfield in the Chamberlain cabinet between September 1939-April 1940 was not impressed with him, and chose not to include him in his war cabinet.

920:, ensured that the Royal Air Force received the lion's share of the rearmament budget. The report of the Defense Requirements Commitment submitted to the cabinet in February 1934 called Germany "the ultimate potential enemy" against which British rearmament was to be directed against. However, in terms of recommendations the report in many ways favored Chatfield such as in its call to finally finish the Singapore base and to strengthen British bases in Asia in general. 1224:

Staff should only report on Russia's military capability. On 24 April 1939 the Chiefs of Staff submitted their report and rated Russia's military effectiveness low. The next day Chatfield gave the Cabinet Committee on Foreign Policy a summary of this report: "Russia, although a great Power for other purposes, was only a Power of medium rank for military purposes...Her assistance would be of considerable, though not of great, military value". On 16 May 1939

68: 1310: 1012:

British Mediterranean fleet would patrol the eastern Mediterranean. Ultimately, Baldwin and his cabinet chose not to go to war for the sake of Ethiopia as the cabinet wished to prevent a break-up of the Stresa Front and because no-one in the cabinet really cared about Ethiopia. One of the lasting effects of the Abyssinia crisis that Chatfield was able to have the cabinet approve of upgrading the facilities at Alexandria and Gibraltar.

694: 947:-class "pocket battleships" operating in tandem with groups of U-boats that would attack British shipping around the globe, and much preferred that the Germans build a battlefleet that mirrored British priorities as that would be the easier fleet for the Royal Navy to defeat. Owing to the lengthy period of time it took to construct warships, Royal Navy planners predicated that the 1211:, objected: "Such a step would be almost revolutionary, and must be proved absolutely essential before introduction". During the Danzig crisis, Winston Churchill-a former First Lord of the Admiralty-wrote to Chatfield calling for a Royal Navy "deterrent" squadron to be sent into the Baltic Sea. The purpose of the "deterrent" squadron was to both threaten to cut the 1236:, the First Sea Lord, changed the Singapore strategy from sending all of the capital ships to Singapore to only sending 4 capital ships to Singapore in the event of trouble from Japan. Chatfield greatly disapproved of Backhouse's alternations to the Singapore strategy and attempted unsuccessfully to have to change the strategy back to how he had drafted it. 939:'s offer on 21 May 1935 of a German fleet that would be 35% of the tonnage of the Royal Navy under the grounds that Germany was going to violate the Treaty of Versailles anyway and acceptance of this offer would push German naval-building in the direction that would be least dangerous to the Royal Navy. Chatfield did not want the Germans to embrace upon a 1066:

U-boats along with the need to travel from and to Germany via the North Sea imposed limitations on the ability of the U-boats to sink shipping in the North Atlantic, and prior to gaining the use of the French Atlantic ports, the U-boats were a "nuisance" rather than a threat. Chatfield predicated that the earliest that the

1044:

was focused on building the cheaper and simpler 500 ton Type VII sea-going U-boats (which were the main U-boat type in World War Two) at the expense of the superior ocean-going Type IX U-boats. The decision to focus on building the inferior Type VII submarines instead of the Type IX was understood as

978:

temporarily taking control of the central Mediterranean, which in effect would be the same time as severing the Suez canal, but he did not expect this advantage to last as he had low opinion of the Italian admirals, whom he noted were promoted on the basis of loyalty to the House of Savoy rather than

960:

In 1935, Italy made open preparations to invade Ethiopia, which was a member of the League of Nations. As Baldwin had made a point of running on a platform on emphasising support for the League of Nations and collective security in the general election of that year, it was expected that Britain would

956:

to 35% of the Royal Navy. Chatfield noted in the Anglo-German Naval Agreement the 35% principle applied to tonnage categories of warships instead of the complete fleet, meaning that Germany would build battleships up to 35% of the tonnage of British battleships, 35% of the tonnage of British cruisers

934:

from having submarines and warships over 10, 000 tons. In 1929, the German fleet consisted of six old battleships, none of each were over 10, 000 tons; six light cruisers; 12 destroyers and 12 torpedo boats, which was a force that was far too small to pose any danger to British command of the sea. In

802:

in April 1925. As Third Sea Lord, Chatfield became keenly concerned about the British shipbuilding industry, which went into contraction as the Anglo-German naval arms race had ended and the Washington treaty imposed limits on shipbuilding. Equally worrisome to him was the increasing cost of warships

1070:

could build up to the 35% tonnage ratio allowed by the Anglo-German Naval Agreement would be 1942, and for that if Hitler decided to go beyond the limits allowed by the AGNA, it would be sometime after 1942. Much like Raeder, Chatfield envisioned a repeat of the First World War where the Grand Fleet

1065:

gained upon taking control of the French Atlantic ports in June 1940, which gave the Germans direct access to the North Atlantic, most notably the Western Approaches, and it was only in the summer of 1940 that the U-boats started to sink significant number of ships. The limited range of the Type VII

982:

Despite his bluster, Chatfield advised caution as the Royal Navy had only 15 capital ships in 1935 (a fraction of the number available in the First World War), and even the loss of a few capital ships could be devastating as a single battleship cost millions of pounds to build and took several years

865:

described Chatfield as a man of the "upmost integrity, humorless, very just, very aloof, very charming, very tactful, supremely efficient and an intellectual" and "quite possibly the best peacetime First Sea Lord the Admiralty ever had". Chatfield's principle concern upon becoming First Sea Lord was

1132:

of the United States Navy to London to hold secret talks with Chatfield about plans for a war with Japan. The talks were hampered by the fact that both Chamberlain who was now prime minister and Roosevelt had imposed the condition that the purpose of the talks was merely to gather information about

990:

In particular, Chatfield stated it was unclear if France would also join in a war against Italy, saying the support of France would be essential. Chatfield stated that the main British base in the Mediterranean in Malta was too exposed to Italian air and naval attacks, and could not be used. As for

965:

into a desperate "mad dog" attack on Britain. However Chatfield reported it might be worth going to war with Italy because it offered a chance to "reassert our dominance over an inferior race". During the Abyssinia crisis, Chatfield was regarded as the senior service chief whose advice Baldwin (who

1011:

join the proposed war than the offer that the British Mediterranean fleet could use the bases at Toulon and Bizerta for docking and repairs. The Chatfield-Decoux talks ended with the agreement that in the event of war, the French Mediterranean fleet would patrol the western Mediterranean while the

1223:

On 11 April 1939 the Foreign Policy Committee decided that the question of Russia's potential as an ally should be referred to the Chiefs of Staff. Chatfield said that it was clear the political arguments against a Russian alliance outweighed any possible military benefits and that the Chiefs of

1060:

The American historian Joseph Maiolo wrote that the U-boats were a menace in the first years of the Second World War primarily because of change in tactics with Dönitz championing the "wolf pack" tactic of having groups of U-boats attack convoys together rather than because of any technological

973:

Chatfield reported to the cabinet that 76% of all imports to Italy came via the sea with 62% of all Italian imports coming from the Atlantic Ocean via the Strait of Gibraltar, 3% of Italian imports via the Suez canal, and the other 11% coming from other Mediterranean nations or the from nations

1239:

The plans for a British naval expedition into the Baltic were a fixture with Churchill who upon appointed First Lord of the Admiralty again on 3 September 1939 pressed for the operation to be launched under the codename Catherine. However, objections that the threat of Luftwaffe attacks on any

1083:. Chatfield did not understand the military weaknesses of most of the Eastern European states, and that allowing Germany to conquer Eastern Europe would undercut a British blockade as all of the natural resources needed to sustain a modern industrial economy were to be found in Eastern Europe. 915:

For Chatfield, a war with Japan offered up the prospect of fleet battles in Asian waters, which in turn would require more funding for the Royal Navy to build the necessary warships to confront the Japanese Navy along with building and maintaining the bases to properly supply the fleet if the

1228:

said that the political reasons for not allying with Russia were stronger than the strategic reasons for such an alliance. Chatfield responded: "...if for fear of making an alliance with Russia we drove that country into the German camp we should have made a mistake of vital and far-reaching

1045:

a sign that Raeder was planning to use the U-boats as an ancillary to the main German battle fleet, instead of a war-winning weapon in and of itself. Raeder had in fact planned to defeat Great Britain via the gigantic fleet envisioned in the famous Z plan of January 1939, and had embraced a

1136:

Chatfield stated he resisted Chamberlain's attempts to move in piecemeal Royal Navy ships to Singapore and wanted the Singapore strategy activated first before any steps were taken that might risk a war with Japan. Chatfield further told Ingersoll that there should be unity of command with

1215:

off from supplies of high-grade Swedish iron (Germany had no high-grade iron of its own) and to distract the Wehrmacht by posing the threat of amphibious landings in northern Germany. Expecting the Soviet Union to join the "peace front", Churchill suggested that the Baltic squadron use

935:

December 1932, at the World Disarmament Conference in Geneva, the negotiators conceded Germany's right "in principle" to have "equality in status" in regards to arms, meaning that Germany would have the weapons forbidden by the Treaty of Versailles. Chatfield was in favor of accepting

1007:. Decoux sheepishly admitted to Chatfield that the level of competence in the French Navy was so low that it would take at least three or four weeks after war was declared before the French Mediterranean fleet would be ready for operations. Chatfield was less interested in having the 1015:

Chatfield did not see U-boats as a serious threat, partly because of ASDIC and partly because the Germans built very few 700-ton ocean-going U-boats with the majority of the U-boats constructed being 500 ton sea-going or 200 ton coastal U-boats. Moreover, it was known that Admiral

1127:

had spoken vaguely to Sir Ronald Lindsay, the British Ambassador in Washington, about his wish for a joint Anglo-American blockade of Japan, saying that the Japanese were completely out of control and something would have to be done. In January 1938, Roosevelt dispatched Captain

1202:

In March 1939 Chatfield urged an increase in munition production: "Would it not be possible to put industry on a war production basis immediately, not necessarily at the expense of our export trade but by curtailing internal consumption?" However the

951:

would not be a threat in the 1930s and the earliest the German fleet could pose a danger would be sometime in the 1940s. Chatfield supported the Anglo-German Naval Agreement of 1935, which he argued secured British security by limiting the

995:, was committed to achieving a Franco-Italian alliance, and through he pleaded support to the League of Nations, he did so in a manner that suggested grudging, half-hearted support. On 30 October 1935 in a meeting in London, Rear Admiral 961:

have to take some sort of action if Italy invaded. Chatfield reported that if the League of Nations imposed oil sanctions on Italy, it would cause an Italian economic collapse as Italy had no oil of its own, and would probably provoke

1133:

the other side's war plans, but Chatfield insisted that the United States and the United Kingdom should co-ordinate their policies in Asia as much as possible as he stated that the two English-speaking nations had common concerns.

786:

on 31 July 1920, he became Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff in February 1920. Chatfield attended the Washington naval conference in 1921-1922 that ended for the moment the mounting Anglo-American-Japanese naval arms race.

3133:

Stedman, Andrew (2009). ""Then What could Chamberlain do other than what Chamberlain?": the enduring need for a more nuanced understanding of British policy and alternatives to appeasement". In Gaynor Johnson (ed.).

3469: 1102:

of Ditchling in the County of Sussex on 11 June 1937. On 12 December 1937, his vision of Anglo-American co-operation was brought much closer to fruition after the Japanese aircraft sank an American gunboat, USS

1220:, the main base for the Soviet Baltic fleet, as its base. Chatfield wrote back on 29 March 1939, saying that Churchill's plan was "quite possible" provided that neither Italy and/or Japan entered the war. 4811: 1267:

In July 1909 he married Lillian Emma Matthews (d.1977); they had two daughters and a son. Their son, Ernle, succeeded his father as Baron Chatfield. He followed him into the Royal Navy, serving as

728:

in May 1916. It was at Jutland, after two British battlecruisers had blown up, that Beatty made his famous remark, "There seems to be something wrong with our bloody ships today". Appointed to the

568: 4816: 999:

of the French Naval General Staff promised Chatfield that France would also go to war if Britain went to war against Italy, though Decoux admitted that it would take several weeks before the

4786: 1141:

was a "mistake", but it marked the beginning of secret Anglo-American naval talks that help draw the United States out of isolationism. He retired from the Royal Navy in August 1938.

1334:

On the dexter side an Admiralty Messenger holding in the exterior hand his staff and on the sinister side a gunner of the Royal Navy resting the exterior hand on a shell all Proper.

1148:, recommended that the arena of India's defence should be re-focussed more on her sea communications and less on her North-Western Land Frontier as well as the modernisation of the 4430: 2807:

Mosley, Charles, editor. Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes. Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003.

4806: 4452: 2927:

Kennedy, Greg (2009). "Symbol of Imperial Defense: The Role of Singapore in British and American Far Eastern Strategical Relations, 1933-1941". In Brian Ferrel (ed.).

367: 329: 45: 803:

owing to technological innovation, which led him to express concerns that the necessary political will to spend millions of pounds upon the Navy was being eroded.

866:

ensuring that the British shipbuilding industry, which had been hard hit by the Great Depression, received enough orders for warships to keep the industry going.

4781: 4024: 4791: 2984:

Lambert, Andrew (2013). "The Only British Advantage: Seapower and Strategy, September 1939-June 1940". In Marcus Faulkner & Michael H. Clemmesen (ed.).

4530: 3101:

Neilson, Keith (June 2003). "The Defence Requirements Sub-Committee, British Strategic Foreign Policy, Neville Chamberlain and the Path to Appeasement".

3060:

Morewood, Sean (2016). ""This silly African business": the military dimension to Britain's response to the Abyssinian crisis". In G.Bruce Strang (ed.).

4197: 428:

in the mid-1930s in which role he won arguments that the Royal Navy should have 70 cruisers rather than the 50 cruisers that had been agreed at the

4766: 4665: 3913: 4771: 4645: 4460: 4445: 4545: 3828: 1049:

strategy via the U-boats in September 1939 by default as the construction on the Z plan fleet had barely started. Raeder wrote glumly in the

4034: 4841: 4836: 4406: 4326: 3848: 845:. As First Sea Lord he won arguments that the Royal Navy should have 70 cruisers rather than the 50 cruisers that had been agreed at the 353: 321: 37: 3257: 4761: 3723: 967: 3263: 4831: 4615: 4438: 3853: 3843: 3499: 1243:

Chatfield resigned as Minister for Coordination of Defence in April 1940 and subsequently chaired a committee on the evacuation of

3989: 3728: 1024:

favored the traditional battleship-centric fleet designed to win a decisive battle of annihilation and did not care much for the

905: 4801: 4190: 4114: 3964: 3526: 374: 333: 49: 4610: 4486: 4476: 4387: 4357: 4263: 4104: 3918: 3908: 3656: 3424: 3162: 1184: 117: 4821: 4685: 4510: 4223: 4079: 4029: 4004: 3698: 3661: 3581: 3571: 3561: 3541: 3373: 3276: 1188: 445: 885:

all writing that Japan was dead-set on an anti-Western course, and there was no hope of lasting understanding with Japan.

4501: 3738: 3636: 3626: 3363: 1196: 869:

When Chatfield became the First Sea Lord, the Admiralty was in a weak position vis-vis the Treasury. The Prime Minister,

539: 4650: 3979: 3803: 3768: 3748: 3586: 3546: 3536: 3181: 3091: 2843: 1225: 1040:

with most German admirals favoring a revival of the High Seas Fleet. All intelligence at the time indicated that the

4675: 4183: 4154: 4134: 4099: 3823: 3813: 3793: 3783: 3758: 3606: 3241: 3143: 3123: 3069: 3050: 3031: 3012: 2993: 2974: 2955: 2936: 2900: 2881: 2862: 1087: 759: 729: 717: 405: 345: 225: 25: 4414: 4307: 3984: 3888: 3878: 3763: 3753: 3743: 3646: 3591: 3576: 901: 893: 4796: 3999: 3863: 3718: 3353: 1204: 862: 811: 586: 417: 243: 4590: 4565: 4468: 4288: 4227: 3959: 3733: 3616: 3431: 2948:

The Origins of the Grand Alliance Anglo-American Military Collaboration from the Panay Incident to Pearl Harbor

664: 381: 82: 53: 1144:

In late 1938 Chatfield chaired the Expert Committee on the Defence of India which, using the work of the 1938

4826: 3994: 3974: 3954: 3798: 3621: 3446: 909: 889: 682: 401: 469:

Alfred John Chatfield and Louisa Chatfield (née Faulconer), Chatfield was educated at St Andrew's School in

3492: 1164: 846: 721: 409: 360: 325: 41: 4246: 4368: 4280: 3651: 3272: 3024:

The Royal Navy and Nazi Germany, 1933-1939 A Study in Appeasement and the Origins of the Second World War

4343: 4318: 4124: 3969: 3838: 1276: 1272: 752: 528: 482: 249: 1123:. In response to the unprovoked Japanese attacks on Anglo-American gunboats in the Yangtze, President 3390: 878: 626:, second-in-command of the Atlantic Fleet, in September 1909 and then Flag Captain of the battleship 546: 4720: 4206: 1284: 2516: 2496: 1615: 1558: 1538: 1518: 1498: 633:, Keppel's new flagship in the same role, in February 1910. After attending the War course at the 4175: 3868: 3858: 3611: 3601: 3485: 634: 3923: 3788: 2630: 1687: 668: 270: 1460: 4776: 2655: 2650: 1465: 1180: 1124: 1053:

war diary on 3 September 1939 that the war had come five years too early and that all of the

842: 653: 2788: 2536: 2476: 1655: 1635: 1578: 1381: 4756: 4751: 2670: 1217: 741: 623: 616: 612: 594: 579: 496: 298: 256: 28: 1416: 966:

knew nothing of military affairs) generally followed The First Lord of the Admiralty, Sir

8: 4235: 4210: 3778: 3380: 1192: 1149: 924: 849:, that the battleship still had an important role to play despite the development of the 826: 601: 564: 506: 432:, that the battleship still had an important role to play despite the development of the 429: 421: 239: 105: 1328:

Or a griffin segreant Sable on a chief Purpure an anchor between escallops of the first.

4600: 4580: 4039: 3933: 3893: 2793: 2675: 2635: 2541: 2521: 2501: 2481: 1692: 1660: 1640: 1620: 1583: 1563: 1543: 1523: 1503: 1421: 1386: 1129: 896:

and consisted of Chatfield plus the other two service chiefs, namely Air Chief Marshal

657: 277: 1111:

clearly flying an American flag and Japanese artillery damaged a British gunboat, HMS

4640: 4540: 4520: 4376: 4299: 4074: 3903: 3681: 3237: 3220: 3203: 3177: 3158: 3139: 3119: 3087: 3065: 3046: 3027: 3008: 2989: 2970: 2951: 2932: 2915: 2896: 2877: 2858: 2839: 1256: 1145: 1079:

as he believed a German conquest of Eastern Europe would impose "liabilities" on the

838: 798:, he was appointed Commander of the 3rd Light Cruiser Squadron in September 1922 and 791: 733: 725: 642: 627: 557: 413: 388: 291: 284: 129: 57: 3477: 930:

The Treaty of Versailles had ended any potential German naval threat by banning the

4710: 4660: 4575: 4550: 4149: 4044: 3938: 3898: 3671: 962: 897: 882: 870: 795: 737: 449: 3005:

From the Dardanelles to Oran Studies of the Royal Navy in War and Peace, 1915–1940

2967:

Anglo-American Strategic Relations and the Far East, 1933-1939 Imperial Crossroads

1028:

strategy. Reports from the British naval attaché in Berlin indicated that Admiral

578:

in January 1900 before becoming 1st lieutenant and gunnery officer in the cruiser

4655: 4560: 4255: 4129: 4069: 4014: 3928: 3641: 3631: 3459: 3409: 3336: 3299: 3268: 1252: 1233: 1153: 917: 858: 815: 771: 698: 675: 513: 441: 397: 311: 263: 184: 4715: 4705: 4700: 4535: 4525: 4463: 4332: 4084: 3873: 3773: 3531: 3508: 3399: 3326: 3309: 3079: 1280: 1259:

of that county on 15 June 1951. He died at his home there on 15 November 1967.

1248: 1208: 1176: 834: 799: 758:, Beatty's new flagship in the same role, in February 1917. He was advanced to 553: 517: 425: 235: 180: 3062:

Collision of Empires Italy's Invasion of Ethiopia and Its International Impact

1029: 4745: 4690: 4570: 4351: 4269: 4144: 4139: 4109: 4089: 4049: 3883: 3703: 3596: 2874:

British Seapower and Procurement Between the Wars A Reappraisal of Rearmament

1302: 854: 535: 437: 4725: 4605: 4555: 4159: 4019: 3833: 3818: 3808: 3713: 3666: 3551: 3346: 3319: 3292: 1268: 1168: 1017: 992: 936: 874: 807: 783: 775: 4730: 4630: 4625: 4119: 4094: 4054: 996: 748: 709: 1036:

strategy of using submarines to attack shipping, was an outsider in the

4680: 4670: 4064: 4059: 3708: 3566: 3556: 3512: 3224: 3207: 2919: 1322:

An heraldic antelope’s head erased Argent gorged with a naval crown Or.

1309: 1283:

MP. Their younger daughter, Katharine, married Henry Duckworth, son of

1061:

advantage. Along with the change in tactics was the advantage that the

638: 525: 521: 489: 474: 393: 207: 67: 4635: 4620: 2986:

Northern European Overture to War, 1939-1941 From Memel to Barbarossa

1095: 590: 575: 164: 656:

as a Commander in February 1912. He was then given command first of

4695: 2402: 2400: 1091: 779: 556:

in August 1897. Chatfield became gunnery officer in the battleship

493: 160: 4205: 4164: 1195:, despite having a non-political background. He was sworn of the 1032:, the commander of the U-boat arm and the foremost advocate of a 822: 503: 466: 3258:

Transcription of Official Service Records on www.admirals.org.uk

2397: 693: 567:

in January 1899 and then joined the staff of the gunnery school

2417: 2415: 1750: 1244: 850: 433: 3269:

Newspaper clippings about Ernle Chatfield, 1st Baron Chatfield

1726: 3043:

Cry Havoc How the Arms Race Drove the World to War, 1931-1941

2442: 649: 478: 470: 4812:

Ministers in the Chamberlain peacetime government, 1937–1939

3138:. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publisher. pp. 87–116. 2412: 2387: 2385: 2604: 2602: 2568: 2566: 2564: 4817:

Ministers in the Chamberlain wartime government, 1939–1940

4787:

Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George

1832: 1805: 1793: 615:

on 30 June 1909, he became Flag Captain of the battleship

2988:. Paderborn: Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh. pp. 45–74. 2382: 2144: 2142: 1998: 1929: 1927: 1853: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1822: 1820: 1783: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1762: 1279:. Their elder daughter, Angela (Lady Donner) married Sir 760:

Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George

330:

Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George

2705: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2599: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2561: 2459: 2457: 2432: 2430: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2015: 2013: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1971: 1969: 1939: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1598: 1596: 1594: 674:

in September 1912 and subsequently of the battlecruiser

545:

in 1895 and then joined the staff at the gunnery school

2912:

India's Quest for Security: Defence Policies, 1947–1965

2893:

The Rules of the Game Jutland and British Naval Command

2319: 2317: 2315: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2285: 2283: 2246: 2244: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2183: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2127: 2117: 2115: 2064: 2052: 2030: 2028: 1956: 1954: 1914: 1912: 1870: 1868: 1866: 1159: 1090:

on 3 May 1935 and, having taken part in the funeral of

2747: 2745: 2256: 2212: 2139: 1924: 1844: 1817: 1774: 712:

Chatfield was present as Beatty's Flag-Captain in the

3507: 2757: 2692: 2578: 2549: 2454: 2427: 2365: 2353: 2341: 2010: 1981: 1966: 1892: 1738: 1714: 1591: 1296:

Coat of arms of Ernle Chatfield, 1st Baron Chatfield

349:

Alfred Ernle Montacute Chatfield, 1st Baron Chatfield

2329: 2312: 2295: 2280: 2268: 2241: 2224: 2195: 2166: 2154: 2112: 2100: 2088: 2076: 2040: 2025: 1951: 1909: 1880: 1863: 1405:. No. 36858. London. 28 August 1902. p. 4. 704:, which Chatfield commanded at the Battle of Jutland 593:

on 1 January 1904, he transferred to the battleship

2742: 4807:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom 3136:The International Context of the Spanish Civil War 821:, in March 1929 and, having been promoted to full 392:(27 September 1873 – 15 November 1967) was a 3064:. London: Taylor & Francis. pp. 73–108. 1003:would be able to commerce operations against the 857:should be part of the Royal Navy rather than the 747:, Beatty's flagship as Commander-in-Chief of the 440:should be part of the Royal Navy rather than the 4743: 3153:Murray, Williamson; Millett, Allan Reed (2000). 2929:A Great Betrayal The Fall of Singapore Revisited 1275:between 1940 and 1945. The 2nd Baron settled in 774:from July 1919 and, having been appointed Naval 979:merit, which was the case with the Royal Navy. 3234:The First Sea Lords from Fisher to Mountbatten 3155:A War to Be Won: Fighting the Second World War 2931:. London: Marshall Cavendish. pp. 32–52. 1507:(Supplement). 15 September 1916. p. 9071. 740:, Chatfield went on to command the battleship 641:, he served as Captain of the converted liner 4782:First Sea Lords and Chiefs of the Naval Staff 4446: 4191: 3493: 3152: 2855:The British Admirals of the Fleet 1734 – 1995 2525:(Supplement). 10 November 1937. p. 7081. 2421: 2406: 1732: 1567:(Supplement). 24 February 1920. p. 2189. 1156:squadrons and the re-stocking of war stores. 1098:in May 1937, he was raised to the peerage as 685:First Battlecruiser Squadron, in March 1913. 4792:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath 538:in May 1894. He attended the gunnery school 502:in November 1888 before transferring to the 2950:. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. 839:Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath 751:, in November 1916 and then the battleship 611:in March 1906 and, having been promoted to 322:Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath 16:Royal Navy admiral of the fleet (1873–1967) 4453: 4439: 4198: 4184: 3500: 3486: 2774: 2772: 2639:(Supplement). 30 December 1938. p. 4. 2505:(Supplement). 29 April 1936. p. 2782. 1707: 1705: 1703: 1696:(Supplement). 29 December 1933. p. 3. 1673: 1671: 66: 4469:Defence Secretaries of the United Kingdom 3327:Third Sea Lord and Controller of the Navy 3214: 3197: 3118:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2852: 1547:(Supplement). 4 April 1919. p. 4516. 1446: 1444: 1442: 1440: 1438: 1436: 1434: 1432: 1367: 1365: 1363: 1361: 1359: 1357: 800:Third Sea Lord and Controller of the Navy 792:Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath 732:as a Companion on 31 May 1916 and to the 3059: 2787: 2669: 2649: 2629: 2535: 2515: 2495: 2475: 2262: 2218: 2148: 1686: 1654: 1634: 1624:(Supplement). 2 June 1922. p. 4321. 1614: 1577: 1557: 1537: 1527:(Supplement). 2 June 1916. p. 5553. 1517: 1497: 1459: 1415: 1380: 1247:'s hospitals. He retired to his home at 1163: 692: 72:Admiral of the Fleet Sir Ernle Chatfield 4767:Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order 3381:Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet 3231: 3157:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 3132: 3100: 2983: 2964: 2945: 2926: 2833: 2769: 2763: 2709: 2608: 2593: 2572: 2555: 2019: 1933: 1903: 1857: 1838: 1826: 1811: 1799: 1787: 1700: 1668: 1075:on the Wehrmacht at the expense of the 827:Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet 422:Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet 4744: 4300:Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 3116:Churchill, Chamberlain and Appeasement 3078: 3040: 3021: 3002: 2890: 2871: 2463: 2448: 2436: 2391: 2376: 2359: 2347: 2335: 2323: 2306: 2289: 2274: 2250: 2235: 2206: 2189: 2177: 2160: 2133: 2121: 2106: 2094: 2082: 2070: 2058: 2046: 2034: 2004: 1992: 1975: 1960: 1945: 1918: 1886: 1874: 1768: 1756: 1744: 1720: 1602: 1429: 1354: 1094:in January 1936 and the coronation of 829:, with his flag in the battleship HMS 334:Commander of the Royal Victorian Order 95:29 January 1939 – 10 May 1940 4772:Deputy lieutenants of Buckinghamshire 4434: 4388:Minister for Co-ordination of Defence 4179: 3481: 3171: 3113: 2909: 2751: 1401:"Naval & Military intelligence". 460: 416:in May 1916. After the war he became 3432:Minister for Coordination of Defence 3264:Ernle Chatfield, 1st Baron Chatfield 3007:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 2895:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 1189:Minister for Coordination of Defence 1160:Minister for Coordination of Defence 1119:tried to pick up survivors from the 837:in January 1933 and was advanced to 667:in Summer 1912, then of the cruiser 446:Minister for Coordination of Defence 83:Minister for Coordination of Defence 782:on 26 January 1920 and promoted to 13: 4842:Military personnel from Portsmouth 4837:Royal Navy officers of World War I 3680: 3354:Commander-in-Chief, Atlantic Fleet 3191: 1308: 1301: 1183:, in February Chatfield succeeded 1057:could do now was "die gallantly". 814:, with his flag in the battleship 812:Commander-in-Chief, Atlantic Fleet 810:on 1 March 1926, he went on to be 770:After the war Chatfield served as 688: 418:Commander-in-Chief, Atlantic Fleet 14: 4853: 4762:19th-century Royal Navy personnel 3251: 1107:in the Yangtze river despite the 943:strategy of having dozens of the 923:The Chancellor of the Exchequer, 765: 730:Order of St Michael and St George 652:in 1911 and was appointed to the 4832:Royal Navy admirals of the fleet 4500: 4462: 4245: 2969:. London: Taylor & Francis. 1469:. 16 February 1912. p. 156. 1020:, the commander-in-chief of the 902:Archibald Montgomery-Massingberd 833:, in May 1930. Chatfield became 524:on 27 March 1894, he joined the 4025:The Lord Cunningham of Hyndhope 2914:. California University Press. 2810: 2801: 2781: 2733: 2724: 2715: 2683: 2679:. 3 February 1939. p. 751. 2663: 2643: 2623: 2614: 2529: 2509: 2489: 2469: 1680: 1648: 1628: 1608: 1587:. 13 August 1920. p. 8408. 1571: 1551: 1531: 1511: 1205:President of the Board of Trade 455: 4228:Leader of the House of Commons 3948:First Sea Lords (1904–present) 3520:Senior Naval Lords (1689–1771) 1664:. 11 April 1930. p. 2327. 1491: 1482: 1473: 1453: 1409: 1394: 1374: 908:of the Foreign Office and Sir 589:in November 1902. Promoted to 1: 4802:Members of the Order of Merit 4045:The Earl Mountbatten of Burma 4035:The Lord Fraser of North Cape 3692:First Naval Lords (1771–1904) 3447:Peerage of the United Kingdom 3174:Royal Navy Handbook 1914–1918 3103:The English Historical Review 2836:The Collapse of British Power 2797:. 22 June 1951. p. 3430. 2659:. 6 January 1939. p. 13. 2545:. 15 June 1937. p. 3856. 1644:. 5 March 1926. p. 1650. 1425:. 1 January 1904. p. 26. 1348: 1175:Having been appointed to the 488:in 1886. He went to sea as a 2946:Johnsen, William T. (2016). 2485:. 10 May 1935. p. 3048. 847:London Naval Conference 1930 520:on 27 September 1892 and to 444:. He subsequently served as 326:Member of the Order of Merit 7: 4822:Barons created by George VI 4369:First Lord of the Admiralty 4281:Chancellor of the Exchequer 3874:The Hon. Sir Frederick Grey 3869:The Hon. Sir Richard Dundas 3859:The Hon. Sir Richard Dundas 3470:Ernle David Lewis Chatfield 3273:20th Century Press Archives 3084:25 Centuries of Sea Warfare 3026:. London: Macmillan Press. 1390:. 1 May 1894. p. 2510. 825:on 1 April 1930, he became 736:as a Companion in the 1916 724:in January 1915 and at the 681:, flagship of Rear-Admiral 622:, flagship of Rear-Admiral 412:in January 1915 and at the 10: 4858: 4407:Minister without Portfolio 4344:Secretary of State for Air 4319:Secretary of State for War 3970:Prince Louis of Battenberg 3789:Sir William Johnstone Hope 2834:Barnett, Correlli (2002). 2827: 1277:Victoria, British Columbia 1273:Governor General of Canada 1171:'s caricature of Chatfield 1152:, the re-equipment of the 718:Battle of Heligoland Bight 448:in the early years of the 406:Battle of Heligoland Bight 247:3rd Light Cruiser Squadron 4589: 4509: 4498: 4475: 4405: 4386: 4367: 4342: 4317: 4298: 4279: 4254: 4243: 4222: 4218: 3947: 3854:The Hon. Maurice Berkeley 3844:The Hon. Maurice Berkeley 3691: 3678: 3519: 3466: 3457: 3452: 3445: 3429: 3421: 3416: 3406: 3397: 3387: 3378: 3370: 3360: 3351: 3343: 3333: 3324: 3316: 3306: 3297: 3289: 3284: 3262:The Dreadnought Project: 3232:Murfett, Malcolm (1995). 3215:Chatfield, Ernle (1947). 3198:Chatfield, Ernle (1942). 3045:. New York: Basic Books. 2422:Murray & Millett 2000 2407:Murray & Millett 2000 1733:Murray & Millett 2000 1262: 339: 317: 307: 231: 221: 213: 203: 195: 190: 170: 147: 142: 138: 123: 111: 99: 88: 81: 77: 65: 23: 4591:Secretaries of State for 4479:Co-ordination of Defence 2853:Heathcote, Tony (2002). 1759:, p. 109 & 111. 430:Naval Conference of 1930 3612:Lord Archibald Hamilton 3602:Lord Archibald Hamilton 3041:Maiolo, Joseph (2010). 3022:Maiolo, Joseph (1998). 3003:Marder, Arthur (1974). 2891:Gordon, Andrew (1996). 2872:Gordon, Andrew (1988). 2857:. Pen & Sword Ltd. 1290: 720:in August 1914, at the 635:Royal Naval War College 516:, in 1890. Promoted to 408:in August 1914, at the 4797:Lords of the Admiralty 4040:Sir Rhoderick McGrigor 4000:Sir Charles Madden, Bt 3934:Sir Frederick Richards 3894:Sir Hastings Yelverton 3804:The Hon. George Dundas 3685: 2965:Kennedy, Greg (2013). 2451:, p. 27 & 61. 1313: 1306: 1172: 705: 648:for the Royal Tour of 473:before he entered the 133:as Minister of Defence 4115:Sir Benjamin Bathurst 4075:Sir Peter Hill-Norton 3965:Sir Francis Bridgeman 3769:Sir Richard Bickerton 3749:Sir Thomas Troubridge 3739:Sir Charles Middleton 3684: 3217:It Might Happen Again 3172:Wragg, David (2006). 3114:Peden, G. C. (2022). 2910:Kavic, Lorne (1967). 2876:. London: Macmillan. 2656:The Edinburgh Gazette 1466:The Edinburgh Gazette 1312: 1305: 1191:in the government of 1181:1939 New Year Honours 1167: 1125:Franklin D. Roosevelt 843:1934 New Year Honours 722:Battle of Dogger Bank 696: 654:Royal Victorian Order 481:in the training ship 465:Born the only son of 410:Battle of Dogger Bank 214:Years of service 4827:People from Southsea 4150:Sir George Zambellas 4105:Sir William Staveley 3924:Sir Richard Hamilton 3899:Sir George Wellesley 3672:Sir Francis Holburne 3657:Sir Charles Saunders 3200:The Navy and Defence 1285:Sir George Duckworth 1146:Auchinleck Committee 1088:Admiral of the Fleet 968:Bolton Eyres-Monsell 888:In debates with Sir 404:Flag-Captain at the 396:officer. During the 346:Admiral of the Fleet 226:Admiral of the Fleet 29:The Right Honourable 26:Admiral of the Fleet 4561:Sir Walter Monckton 4327:Leslie Hore-Belisha 4236:Neville Chamberlain 4211:Neville Chamberlain 4130:Sir Nigel Essenhigh 4100:Sir John Fieldhouse 4080:Sir Michael Pollock 4070:Sir Michael Le Fanu 4030:Sir John Cunningham 4015:Sir Roger Backhouse 4005:Sir Frederick Field 3929:Sir Anthony Hoskins 3889:Sir Alexander Milne 3879:Sir Alexander Milne 3824:Sir George Cockburn 3814:Sir George Cockburn 3794:Sir George Cockburn 3617:Lord Vere Beauclerk 3410:Sir Roger Backhouse 3374:Sir Frederick Field 3337:Sir Roger Backhouse 1297: 1193:Neville Chamberlain 1150:British Indian Army 1086:He was promoted to 925:Neville Chamberlain 697:The battle cruiser 607:He returned to HMS 602:Mediterranean Fleet 565:Mediterranean Fleet 240:Mediterranean Fleet 106:Neville Chamberlain 4601:Peter Thorneycroft 4581:Peter Thorneycroft 4160:Sir Antony Radakin 4085:Sir Edward Ashmore 4010:The Lord Chatfield 3990:Sir Rosslyn Wemyss 3829:Sir William Parker 3729:John Leveson-Gower 3719:Sir Robert Harland 3686: 3637:Sir William Rowley 3627:Sir William Rowley 3607:Lord Harry Powlett 3532:Sir John Chicheley 3417:Political offices 3391:Sir William Fisher 3364:Sir Michael Hodges 3310:Sir Algernon Boyle 2794:The London Gazette 2676:The London Gazette 2636:The London Gazette 2542:The London Gazette 2522:The London Gazette 2502:The London Gazette 2482:The London Gazette 2409:, p. 235-236. 2394:, p. 104-105. 2007:, p. 101-102. 1841:, p. 662-663. 1814:, p. 658-659. 1802:, p. 655-656. 1771:, p. 123-124. 1693:The London Gazette 1661:The London Gazette 1641:The London Gazette 1621:The London Gazette 1584:The London Gazette 1564:The London Gazette 1544:The London Gazette 1524:The London Gazette 1504:The London Gazette 1422:The London Gazette 1387:The London Gazette 1340:Pro Aris Et Focis 1314: 1307: 1295: 1199:at the same time. 1173: 1130:Royal E. Ingersoll 900:and Field Marshal 706: 534:, flagship of the 512:, flagship of the 461:Early naval career 424:before serving as 402:Sir David Beatty's 400:he was present as 33:The Lord Chatfield 4739: 4738: 4641:Michael Heseltine 4541:Winston Churchill 4521:Winston Churchill 4487:Sir Thomas Inskip 4428: 4427: 4424: 4423: 4377:Winston Churchill 4352:Sir Kingsley Wood 4270:Sir Kingsley Wood 4173: 4172: 4145:Sir Mark Stanhope 4140:Sir Jonathon Band 4125:Sir Michael Boyce 4110:Sir Julian Oswald 4090:Sir Terence Lewin 4050:Sir Charles Lambe 3985:Sir John Jellicoe 3980:Sir Henry Jackson 3960:Sir Arthur Wilson 3884:Sir Sydney Dacres 3704:Sir Hugh Palliser 3597:Sir Charles Wager 3587:Sir John Jennings 3476: 3475: 3467:Succeeded by 3440:Office abolished 3425:Sir Thomas Inskip 3407:Succeeded by 3388:Succeeded by 3361:Succeeded by 3334:Succeeded by 3307:Succeeded by 3285:Military offices 3164:978-0-674-00680-5 1948:, p. 98-100. 1346: 1345: 1257:Deputy Lieutenant 1232:In May 1939, Sir 1185:Sir Thomas Inskip 912:of the Treasury. 906:Robert Vansittart 762:on 5 April 1919. 734:Order of the Bath 726:Battle of Jutland 604:in January 1904. 414:Battle of Jutland 343: 342: 158:27 September 1873 134: 130:Winston Churchill 118:Sir Thomas Inskip 4849: 4711:Gavin Williamson 4666:George Robertson 4661:Michael Portillo 4576:Harold Watkinson 4551:Harold Macmillan 4546:Harold Alexander 4504: 4467: 4466: 4455: 4448: 4441: 4432: 4431: 4358:Sir Samuel Hoare 4264:Sir Samuel Hoare 4249: 4220: 4219: 4200: 4193: 4186: 4177: 4176: 4155:Sir Philip Jones 4020:Sir Dudley Pound 3939:Lord Walter Kerr 3839:Sir James Dundas 3834:Sir Charles Adam 3819:Sir Charles Adam 3799:Sir Thomas Hardy 3784:Sir Graham Moore 3779:Sir Joseph Yorke 3667:Sir Peircy Brett 3552:Sir George Rooke 3502: 3495: 3488: 3479: 3478: 3422:Preceded by 3371:Preceded by 3347:Sir Hubert Brand 3344:Preceded by 3320:Sir Cyril Fuller 3317:Preceded by 3293:Sir Hugh Tothill 3290:Preceded by 3282: 3281: 3247: 3228: 3211: 3187: 3168: 3149: 3129: 3110: 3097: 3075: 3056: 3037: 3018: 2999: 2980: 2961: 2942: 2923: 2906: 2887: 2868: 2849: 2822: 2821: 2814: 2808: 2805: 2799: 2798: 2785: 2779: 2778:Heathcote, p. 44 2776: 2767: 2761: 2755: 2749: 2740: 2739:Barnett, p. 566. 2737: 2731: 2730:Barnett, p. 565. 2728: 2722: 2721:Barnett, p. 562. 2719: 2713: 2707: 2690: 2687: 2681: 2680: 2667: 2661: 2660: 2647: 2641: 2640: 2627: 2621: 2618: 2612: 2611:, p. 50-51. 2606: 2597: 2591: 2576: 2575:, p. 49-50. 2570: 2559: 2553: 2547: 2546: 2533: 2527: 2526: 2513: 2507: 2506: 2493: 2487: 2486: 2473: 2467: 2461: 2452: 2446: 2440: 2434: 2425: 2419: 2410: 2404: 2395: 2389: 2380: 2374: 2363: 2357: 2351: 2345: 2339: 2333: 2327: 2321: 2310: 2304: 2293: 2287: 2278: 2272: 2266: 2260: 2254: 2248: 2239: 2233: 2222: 2216: 2210: 2204: 2193: 2192:, p. 82-83. 2187: 2181: 2175: 2164: 2158: 2152: 2146: 2137: 2136:, p. 73-74. 2131: 2125: 2119: 2110: 2104: 2098: 2092: 2086: 2080: 2074: 2073:, p. 27-28. 2068: 2062: 2061:, p. 26-28. 2056: 2050: 2044: 2038: 2032: 2023: 2017: 2008: 2002: 1996: 1990: 1979: 1973: 1964: 1958: 1949: 1943: 1937: 1931: 1922: 1916: 1907: 1901: 1890: 1884: 1878: 1872: 1861: 1855: 1842: 1836: 1830: 1824: 1815: 1809: 1803: 1797: 1791: 1785: 1772: 1766: 1760: 1754: 1748: 1742: 1736: 1735:, p. 36-37. 1730: 1724: 1718: 1712: 1711:Heathcote, p. 43 1709: 1698: 1697: 1684: 1678: 1677:Heathcote, p. 42 1675: 1666: 1665: 1652: 1646: 1645: 1632: 1626: 1625: 1612: 1606: 1600: 1589: 1588: 1575: 1569: 1568: 1555: 1549: 1548: 1535: 1529: 1528: 1515: 1509: 1508: 1495: 1489: 1486: 1480: 1479:Wragg, pp. 83–93 1477: 1471: 1470: 1457: 1451: 1450:Heathcote, p. 41 1448: 1427: 1426: 1413: 1407: 1406: 1398: 1392: 1391: 1378: 1372: 1371:Heathcote, p. 40 1369: 1298: 1294: 1047:guerre de course 1034:guerre de course 1026:guerre de course 963:Benito Mussolini 941:guerre de course 898:Edward Ellington 883:Laurence Collier 871:Ramsay MacDonald 796:Birthday Honours 738:Birthday Honours 624:Sir Colin Keppel 450:Second World War 391: 386: 379: 372: 365: 358: 191:Military service 177: 174:15 November 1967 157: 155: 143:Personal details 132: 126: 114: 102: 93: 70: 60: 21: 20: 4857: 4856: 4852: 4851: 4850: 4848: 4847: 4846: 4742: 4741: 4740: 4735: 4656:Malcolm Rifkind 4611:Lord Carrington 4592: 4585: 4531:A. V. Alexander 4512: 4505: 4496: 4478: 4471: 4461: 4459: 4429: 4420: 4401: 4382: 4363: 4338: 4313: 4294: 4275: 4256:Lord Privy Seal 4250: 4241: 4226: 4214: 4204: 4174: 4169: 4120:Sir Jock Slater 4095:Sir Henry Leach 4055:Sir Caspar John 3995:The Earl Beatty 3975:The Lord Fisher 3955:Sir John Fisher 3943: 3919:Sir Arthur Hood 3909:Sir Arthur Hood 3699:Augustus Hervey 3687: 3676: 3662:Augustus Keppel 3642:Edward Boscawen 3632:Edward Boscawen 3592:Sir John Norris 3582:Sir George Byng 3572:Sir George Byng 3562:Sir George Byng 3542:Henry Priestman 3515: 3509:First Sea Lords 3506: 3472: 3463: 3460:Baron Chatfield 3435: 3427: 3412: 3403: 3393: 3384: 3376: 3366: 3357: 3349: 3339: 3330: 3322: 3312: 3303: 3300:Fourth Sea Lord 3295: 3254: 3244: 3194: 3192:Further reading 3184: 3165: 3146: 3126: 3109:(477): 651–684. 3094: 3080:Mordal, Jacques 3072: 3053: 3034: 3015: 2996: 2977: 2958: 2939: 2903: 2884: 2865: 2846: 2830: 2825: 2818:Burke's Peerage 2816: 2815: 2811: 2806: 2802: 2786: 2782: 2777: 2770: 2762: 2758: 2750: 2743: 2738: 2734: 2729: 2725: 2720: 2716: 2708: 2693: 2689:Barnett, p. 558 2688: 2684: 2668: 2664: 2648: 2644: 2628: 2624: 2619: 2615: 2607: 2600: 2592: 2579: 2571: 2562: 2554: 2550: 2534: 2530: 2514: 2510: 2494: 2490: 2474: 2470: 2462: 2455: 2447: 2443: 2435: 2428: 2420: 2413: 2405: 2398: 2390: 2383: 2375: 2366: 2358: 2354: 2346: 2342: 2334: 2330: 2322: 2313: 2305: 2296: 2288: 2281: 2273: 2269: 2261: 2257: 2249: 2242: 2234: 2225: 2217: 2213: 2205: 2196: 2188: 2184: 2176: 2167: 2159: 2155: 2147: 2140: 2132: 2128: 2120: 2113: 2105: 2101: 2093: 2089: 2081: 2077: 2069: 2065: 2057: 2053: 2045: 2041: 2033: 2026: 2018: 2011: 2003: 1999: 1991: 1982: 1974: 1967: 1959: 1952: 1944: 1940: 1932: 1925: 1917: 1910: 1902: 1893: 1885: 1881: 1873: 1864: 1856: 1845: 1837: 1833: 1825: 1818: 1810: 1806: 1798: 1794: 1786: 1775: 1767: 1763: 1755: 1751: 1743: 1739: 1731: 1727: 1719: 1715: 1710: 1701: 1685: 1681: 1676: 1669: 1653: 1649: 1633: 1629: 1613: 1609: 1601: 1592: 1576: 1572: 1556: 1552: 1536: 1532: 1516: 1512: 1496: 1492: 1488:Mordal, p. 281. 1487: 1483: 1478: 1474: 1458: 1454: 1449: 1430: 1414: 1410: 1400: 1399: 1395: 1379: 1375: 1370: 1355: 1351: 1293: 1265: 1253:Buckinghamshire 1234:Roger Backhouse 1162: 1100:Baron Chatfield 918:Stanley Baldwin 904:along with Sir 859:Royal Air Force 831:Queen Elizabeth 772:Fourth Sea Lord 768: 755:Queen Elizabeth 710:First World War 691: 689:First World War 531:Royal Sovereign 514:Pacific Station 463: 458: 442:Royal Air Force 398:First World War 384: 377: 370: 363: 356: 352: 332: 328: 324: 312:First World War 297: 290: 283: 276: 269: 262: 255: 252:Queen Elizabeth 248: 246: 242: 238: 185:Buckinghamshire 179: 175: 159: 153: 151: 124: 112: 100: 94: 89: 73: 61: 36: 34: 31: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4855: 4845: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4737: 4736: 4734: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4716:Penny Mordaunt 4713: 4708: 4706:Michael Fallon 4703: 4701:Philip Hammond 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4646:George Younger 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4597: 4595: 4587: 4586: 4584: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4536:Manny Shinwell 4533: 4528: 4526:Clement Attlee 4523: 4517: 4515: 4507: 4506: 4499: 4497: 4495: 4494: 4492:Lord Chatfield 4489: 4483: 4481: 4473: 4472: 4458: 4457: 4450: 4443: 4435: 4426: 4425: 4422: 4421: 4419: 4418: 4411: 4409: 4403: 4402: 4400: 4399: 4396:Lord Chatfield 4392: 4390: 4384: 4383: 4381: 4380: 4373: 4371: 4365: 4364: 4362: 4361: 4355: 4348: 4346: 4340: 4339: 4337: 4336: 4333:Oliver Stanley 4330: 4323: 4321: 4315: 4314: 4312: 4311: 4304: 4302: 4296: 4295: 4293: 4292: 4289:Sir John Simon 4285: 4283: 4277: 4276: 4274: 4273: 4267: 4260: 4258: 4252: 4251: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4239: 4232: 4230: 4224:Prime Minister 4216: 4215: 4203: 4202: 4195: 4188: 4180: 4171: 4170: 4168: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4065:Sir Varyl Begg 4062: 4060:Sir David Luce 4057: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3951: 3949: 3945: 3944: 3942: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3904:Sir Astley Key 3901: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3864:William Martin 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3774:William Domett 3771: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3724:Sir Hugh Pigot 3721: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3701: 3695: 3693: 3689: 3688: 3679: 3677: 3675: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3644: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3584: 3579: 3577:Matthew Aylmer 3574: 3569: 3567:Sir John Leake 3564: 3559: 3557:Sir John Leake 3554: 3549: 3547:Earl of Orford 3544: 3539: 3537:Edward Russell 3534: 3529: 3527:Arthur Herbert 3523: 3521: 3517: 3516: 3505: 3504: 3497: 3490: 3482: 3474: 3473: 3468: 3465: 3456: 3450: 3449: 3443: 3442: 3437: 3428: 3423: 3419: 3418: 3414: 3413: 3408: 3405: 3400:First Sea Lord 3395: 3394: 3389: 3386: 3377: 3372: 3368: 3367: 3362: 3359: 3350: 3345: 3341: 3340: 3335: 3332: 3323: 3318: 3314: 3313: 3308: 3305: 3296: 3291: 3287: 3286: 3280: 3279: 3266: 3260: 3253: 3252:External links 3250: 3249: 3248: 3242: 3229: 3212: 3193: 3190: 3189: 3188: 3183:978-0750942034 3182: 3169: 3163: 3150: 3144: 3130: 3124: 3111: 3098: 3093:978-1299679412 3092: 3076: 3070: 3057: 3051: 3038: 3032: 3019: 3013: 3000: 2994: 2981: 2975: 2962: 2956: 2943: 2937: 2924: 2907: 2901: 2888: 2882: 2869: 2863: 2850: 2845:978-0571281695 2844: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2823: 2809: 2800: 2780: 2768: 2756: 2741: 2732: 2723: 2714: 2691: 2682: 2662: 2642: 2622: 2613: 2598: 2577: 2560: 2548: 2528: 2508: 2488: 2468: 2466:, p. 188. 2453: 2441: 2439:, p. 187. 2426: 2424:, p. 236. 2411: 2396: 2381: 2379:, p. 124. 2364: 2362:, p. 123. 2352: 2350:, p. 103. 2340: 2328: 2311: 2294: 2279: 2267: 2255: 2240: 2223: 2211: 2194: 2182: 2165: 2153: 2138: 2126: 2111: 2099: 2087: 2075: 2063: 2051: 2039: 2024: 2009: 1997: 1995:, p. 101. 1980: 1978:, p. 100. 1965: 1950: 1938: 1936:, p. 666. 1923: 1908: 1891: 1879: 1862: 1860:, p. 124. 1843: 1831: 1829:, p. 662. 1816: 1804: 1792: 1790:, p. 655. 1773: 1761: 1749: 1747:, p. 110. 1737: 1725: 1723:, p. 574. 1713: 1699: 1679: 1667: 1647: 1627: 1607: 1605:, p. 122. 1590: 1570: 1550: 1530: 1510: 1490: 1481: 1472: 1452: 1428: 1408: 1393: 1373: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1343: 1342: 1341: 1338: 1335: 1332: 1329: 1326: 1323: 1320: 1315: 1292: 1289: 1281:Patrick Donner 1264: 1261: 1249:Farnham Common 1209:Oliver Stanley 1177:Order of Merit 1161: 1158: 1096:King George VI 894:Maurice Hankey 879:Robert Craigie 835:First Sea Lord 767: 766:Senior command 764: 690: 687: 683:David Beatty's 587:Atlantic Fleet 518:sub-lieutenant 462: 459: 457: 454: 426:First Sea Lord 341: 340: 337: 336: 319: 315: 314: 309: 305: 304: 244:Atlantic Fleet 236:First Sea Lord 233: 229: 228: 223: 219: 218: 215: 211: 210: 205: 204:Branch/service 201: 200: 199:United Kingdom 197: 193: 192: 188: 187: 181:Farnham Common 178:(aged 94) 172: 168: 167: 149: 145: 144: 140: 139: 136: 135: 127: 121: 120: 115: 109: 108: 103: 101:Prime Minister 97: 96: 86: 85: 79: 78: 75: 74: 71: 63: 62: 35: 32: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4854: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4749: 4747: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4691:Bob Ainsworth 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4588: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4571:Duncan Sandys 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4518: 4516: 4514: 4511:Ministers for 4508: 4503: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4484: 4482: 4480: 4477:Ministers for 4474: 4470: 4465: 4456: 4451: 4449: 4444: 4442: 4437: 4436: 4433: 4416: 4413: 4412: 4410: 4408: 4404: 4397: 4394: 4393: 4391: 4389: 4385: 4378: 4375: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4366: 4359: 4356: 4353: 4350: 4349: 4347: 4345: 4341: 4334: 4331: 4328: 4325: 4324: 4322: 4320: 4316: 4309: 4306: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4297: 4290: 4287: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4278: 4271: 4268: 4265: 4262: 4261: 4259: 4257: 4253: 4248: 4237: 4234: 4233: 4231: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4212: 4208: 4201: 4196: 4194: 4189: 4187: 4182: 4181: 4178: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4135:Sir Alan West 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3952: 3950: 3946: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3914:Lord John Hay 3912: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3764:James Gambier 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3754:James Gambier 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3744:James Gambier 3742: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3690: 3683: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3583: 3580: 3578: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3525: 3524: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3503: 3498: 3496: 3491: 3489: 3484: 3483: 3480: 3471: 3462: 3461: 3455: 3451: 3448: 3444: 3441: 3438: 3434: 3433: 3426: 3420: 3415: 3411: 3402: 3401: 3396: 3392: 3383: 3382: 3375: 3369: 3365: 3356: 3355: 3348: 3342: 3338: 3329: 3328: 3321: 3315: 3311: 3302: 3301: 3294: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3255: 3245: 3243:0-275-94231-7 3239: 3235: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3219:. Heinemann. 3218: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3202:. Heinemann. 3201: 3196: 3195: 3185: 3179: 3175: 3170: 3166: 3160: 3156: 3151: 3147: 3145:9781443809436 3141: 3137: 3131: 3127: 3125:9781009201988 3121: 3117: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3099: 3095: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3071:9781317164173 3067: 3063: 3058: 3054: 3052:9780465022670 3048: 3044: 3039: 3035: 3033:0-312-21456-1 3029: 3025: 3020: 3016: 3014:9781612519944 3010: 3006: 3001: 2997: 2995:9789004249097 2991: 2987: 2982: 2978: 2976:9781136340086 2972: 2968: 2963: 2959: 2957:9780813168357 2953: 2949: 2944: 2940: 2938:9789814435468 2934: 2930: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2908: 2904: 2902:9781612512327 2898: 2894: 2889: 2885: 2883:9781349089581 2879: 2875: 2870: 2866: 2864:0-85052-835-6 2860: 2856: 2851: 2847: 2841: 2837: 2832: 2831: 2819: 2813: 2804: 2796: 2795: 2790: 2784: 2775: 2773: 2766:, p. 55. 2765: 2760: 2754:, p. 57. 2753: 2748: 2746: 2736: 2727: 2718: 2712:, p. 50. 2711: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2698: 2696: 2686: 2678: 2677: 2672: 2666: 2658: 2657: 2652: 2646: 2638: 2637: 2632: 2626: 2620:Kavic, p. 232 2617: 2610: 2605: 2603: 2596:, p. 50. 2595: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2582: 2574: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2558:, p. 49. 2557: 2552: 2544: 2543: 2538: 2532: 2524: 2523: 2518: 2512: 2504: 2503: 2498: 2492: 2484: 2483: 2478: 2472: 2465: 2460: 2458: 2450: 2445: 2438: 2433: 2431: 2423: 2418: 2416: 2408: 2403: 2401: 2393: 2388: 2386: 2378: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2361: 2356: 2349: 2344: 2338:, p. 91. 2337: 2332: 2326:, p. 90. 2325: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2309:, p. 89. 2308: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2292:, p. 88. 2291: 2286: 2284: 2277:, p. 87. 2276: 2271: 2265:, p. 79. 2264: 2263:Morewood 2016 2259: 2253:, p. 83. 2252: 2247: 2245: 2238:, p. 84. 2237: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2221:, p. 78. 2220: 2219:Morewood 2016 2215: 2209:, p. 77. 2208: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2191: 2186: 2180:, p. 82. 2179: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2163:, p. 76. 2162: 2157: 2151:, p. 77. 2150: 2149:Morewood 2016 2145: 2143: 2135: 2130: 2124:, p. 73. 2123: 2118: 2116: 2109:, p. 35. 2108: 2103: 2097:, p. 36. 2096: 2091: 2085:, p. 27. 2084: 2079: 2072: 2067: 2060: 2055: 2049:, p. 21. 2048: 2043: 2037:, p. 20. 2036: 2031: 2029: 2022:, p. 92. 2021: 2016: 2014: 2006: 2001: 1994: 1989: 1987: 1985: 1977: 1972: 1970: 1963:, p. 99. 1962: 1957: 1955: 1947: 1942: 1935: 1930: 1928: 1921:, p. 18. 1920: 1915: 1913: 1906:, p. 37. 1905: 1900: 1898: 1896: 1889:, p. 97. 1888: 1883: 1877:, p. 98. 1876: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1859: 1854: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1840: 1835: 1828: 1823: 1821: 1813: 1808: 1801: 1796: 1789: 1784: 1782: 1780: 1778: 1770: 1765: 1758: 1753: 1746: 1741: 1734: 1729: 1722: 1717: 1708: 1706: 1704: 1695: 1694: 1689: 1683: 1674: 1672: 1663: 1662: 1657: 1651: 1643: 1642: 1637: 1631: 1623: 1622: 1617: 1611: 1604: 1599: 1597: 1595: 1586: 1585: 1580: 1574: 1566: 1565: 1560: 1554: 1546: 1545: 1540: 1534: 1526: 1525: 1520: 1514: 1506: 1505: 1500: 1494: 1485: 1476: 1468: 1467: 1462: 1456: 1447: 1445: 1443: 1441: 1439: 1437: 1435: 1433: 1424: 1423: 1418: 1412: 1404: 1397: 1389: 1388: 1383: 1377: 1368: 1366: 1364: 1362: 1360: 1358: 1353: 1339: 1336: 1333: 1330: 1327: 1324: 1321: 1318: 1317: 1316: 1311: 1304: 1300: 1299: 1288: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1260: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1241: 1237: 1235: 1230: 1229:importance". 1227: 1221: 1219: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1200: 1198: 1197:Privy Council 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1170: 1166: 1157: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1142: 1140: 1134: 1131: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1092:King George V 1089: 1084: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1058: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1013: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 988: 986: 980: 977: 976:Regina Marina 971: 969: 964: 958: 955: 950: 946: 942: 938: 933: 928: 926: 921: 919: 913: 911: 910:Warren Fisher 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 890:Warren Fisher 886: 884: 880: 876: 872: 867: 864: 863:Andrew Gordon 860: 856: 855:Fleet Air Arm 853:and that the 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 819: 813: 809: 804: 801: 797: 793: 788: 785: 781: 777: 773: 763: 761: 757: 756: 750: 746: 745: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 703: 702: 695: 686: 684: 680: 679: 673: 672: 666: 665:Reserve Fleet 662: 661: 655: 651: 647: 646: 640: 636: 632: 631: 625: 621: 620: 614: 610: 605: 603: 599: 598: 592: 588: 584: 583: 577: 573: 572: 566: 562: 561: 555: 551: 550: 544: 543: 537: 536:Channel Fleet 533: 532: 527: 523: 519: 515: 511: 510: 505: 501: 500: 495: 491: 487: 486: 480: 476: 472: 468: 453: 451: 447: 443: 439: 438:Fleet Air Arm 436:and that the 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 390: 383: 376: 369: 362: 355: 350: 347: 338: 335: 331: 327: 323: 320: 316: 313: 310: 306: 303: 302: 296: 295: 289: 288: 282: 281: 275: 274: 268: 267: 261: 260: 254: 253: 245: 241: 237: 234: 230: 227: 224: 220: 216: 212: 209: 206: 202: 198: 194: 189: 186: 182: 173: 169: 166: 162: 150: 146: 141: 137: 131: 128: 122: 119: 116: 110: 107: 104: 98: 92: 87: 84: 80: 76: 69: 64: 59: 55: 51: 47: 43: 39: 30: 27: 22: 19: 4777:Ernle family 4726:Grant Shapps 4606:Denis Healey 4566:Anthony Head 4556:Selwyn Lloyd 4491: 4395: 4308:Lord Halifax 4009: 3809:Charles Adam 3759:John Markham 3714:George Darby 3458: 3454:New creation 3453: 3439: 3430: 3398: 3379: 3352: 3325: 3298: 3236:. Westport. 3233: 3216: 3199: 3173: 3154: 3135: 3115: 3106: 3102: 3083: 3061: 3042: 3023: 3004: 2985: 2966: 2947: 2928: 2911: 2892: 2873: 2854: 2835: 2817: 2812: 2803: 2792: 2783: 2764:Lambert 2013 2759: 2735: 2726: 2717: 2710:Lambert 2013 2685: 2674: 2665: 2654: 2645: 2634: 2625: 2616: 2609:Johnsen 2016 2594:Johnsen 2016 2573:Johnsen 2016 2556:Johnsen 2016 2551: 2540: 2531: 2520: 2511: 2500: 2491: 2480: 2471: 2444: 2355: 2343: 2331: 2270: 2258: 2214: 2185: 2156: 2129: 2102: 2090: 2078: 2066: 2054: 2042: 2020:Stedman 2009 2000: 1941: 1934:Neilson 2003 1904:Kennedy 2009 1882: 1858:Kennedy 2013 1839:Neilson 2003 1834: 1827:Neilson 2003 1812:Neilson 2003 1807: 1800:Neilson 2003 1795: 1788:Neilson 2003 1764: 1752: 1740: 1728: 1716: 1691: 1682: 1659: 1650: 1639: 1630: 1619: 1610: 1582: 1573: 1562: 1553: 1542: 1533: 1522: 1513: 1502: 1493: 1484: 1475: 1464: 1455: 1420: 1411: 1402: 1396: 1385: 1376: 1269:Aide-de-Camp 1266: 1242: 1238: 1231: 1226:Lord Halifax 1222: 1212: 1201: 1174: 1169:Victor Weisz 1143: 1138: 1135: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1099: 1085: 1080: 1077:Kriegsmarine 1076: 1072: 1068:Kriegsmarine 1067: 1063:Kriegsmarine 1062: 1059: 1055:Kriegsmarine 1054: 1051:Kriegsmarine 1050: 1046: 1042:Kriegsmarine 1041: 1038:Kriegsmarine 1037: 1033: 1025: 1022:Kriegsmarine 1021: 1018:Erich Raeder 1014: 1008: 1005:Regia Marina 1004: 1000: 993:Pierre Laval 989: 985:Regia Marina 984: 981: 975: 972: 959: 954:Kriegsmarine 953: 949:Kriegsmarine 948: 944: 940: 937:Adolf Hitler 931: 929: 922: 914: 887: 875:Charles Orde 868: 830: 817: 808:vice-admiral 806:Promoted to 805: 794:in the 1922 790:Advanced to 789: 784:rear-admiral 776:Aide-de-Camp 769: 754: 743: 713: 707: 700: 677: 670: 659: 644: 629: 618: 608: 606: 596: 581: 570: 559: 548: 541: 530: 508: 498: 484: 464: 456:Naval career 348: 344: 308:Battles/wars 300: 293: 286: 279: 272: 265: 258: 251: 176:(1967-11-15) 125:Succeeded by 90: 18: 4757:1967 deaths 4752:1873 births 4731:John Healey 4721:Ben Wallace 4686:John Hutton 4631:Francis Pym 4626:Fred Mulley 4616:Ian Gilmour 4417:(1939–1940) 4415:Lord Hankey 4398:(1939–1940) 4379:(1939–1940) 4354:(1939–1940) 4329:(1939–1940) 4310:(1939–1940) 4291:(1939–1940) 4266:(1939–1940) 4238:(1939–1940) 4213:(1939–1940) 4207:War Cabinet 4165:Sir Ben Key 3849:Hyde Parker 3647:John Forbes 2789:"No. 39267" 2671:"No. 34595" 2651:"No. 15559" 2631:"No. 34585" 2537:"No. 34408" 2517:"No. 34453" 2497:"No. 34279" 2477:"No. 34159" 2464:Maiolo 1998 2449:Maiolo 1998 2437:Maiolo 1998 2392:Maiolo 1998 2377:Maiolo 1998 2360:Maiolo 1998 2348:Marder 1974 2336:Marder 1974 2324:Marder 1974 2307:Marder 1974 2290:Marder 1974 2275:Marder 1974 2251:Marder 1974 2236:Marder 1974 2207:Marder 1974 2190:Marder 1974 2178:Marder 1974 2161:Marder 1974 2134:Maiolo 2010 2122:Maiolo 2010 2107:Maiolo 1998 2095:Maiolo 1998 2083:Maiolo 1998 2071:Maiolo 1998 2059:Maiolo 1998 2047:Maiolo 1998 2035:Maiolo 1998 2005:Maiolo 2010 1993:Maiolo 2010 1976:Maiolo 2010 1961:Maiolo 2010 1946:Maiolo 2010 1919:Maiolo 1998 1887:Maiolo 2010 1875:Maiolo 2010 1769:Maiolo 2010 1757:Gordon 1988 1745:Gordon 1988 1721:Gordon 1996 1688:"No. 34010" 1656:"No. 33596" 1636:"No. 33139" 1616:"No. 32716" 1603:Maiolo 2010 1579:"No. 32017" 1559:"No. 31791" 1539:"No. 31274" 1519:"No. 29608" 1499:"No. 29751" 1461:"No. 12434" 1417:"No. 27632" 1382:"No. 26508" 1255:and became 1030:Karl Dönitz 997:Jean Decoux 957:and so on. 945:Deutschland 749:Grand Fleet 708:During the 671:Southampton 273:Southampton 113:Preceded by 4746:Categories 4681:Des Browne 4671:Geoff Hoon 3709:Robert Man 3622:Lord Anson 3513:Royal Navy 3464:1937–1967 3436:1939–1940 3404:1933–1938 3385:1930–1932 3358:1929–1930 3331:1925–1928 3304:1919–1920 3225:B006P025WA 3208:B0006APX92 3176:. Sutton. 3086:. Futura. 2920:B0000CNPVE 2752:Peden 2022 1349:References 1331:Supporters 1325:Escutcheon 1073:Reichmarks 639:Portsmouth 526:battleship 522:lieutenant 490:midshipman 475:Royal Navy 394:Royal Navy 208:Royal Navy 196:Allegiance 154:1873-09-27 4676:John Reid 4636:John Nott 4621:Roy Mason 3734:Lord Hood 3652:Earl Howe 1403:The Times 1218:Kronstadt 1115:when the 753:HMS 744:Iron Duke 619:Albemarle 609:Excellent 597:Venerable 591:commander 582:Good Hope 576:Sheerness 554:Devonport 549:Cambridge 542:Excellent 499:Cleopatra 485:Britannia 420:and then 301:Albemarle 299:HMS 292:HMS 285:RMS 278:HMS 271:HMS 264:HMS 259:Iron Duke 257:HMS 250:HMS 217:1886–1938 165:Hampshire 91:In office 4696:Liam Fox 4651:Tom King 3082:(1974). 1117:Ladybird 1113:Ladybird 780:the King 571:Wildfire 509:Warspite 494:corvette 232:Commands 161:Southsea 4593:Defence 4513:Defence 3511:of the 3275:of the 3271:in the 2838:. Pan. 2828:Sources 2820:. 1949. 1271:to the 1179:in the 841:in the 823:admiral 716:at the 663:in the 660:Aboukir 613:captain 600:in the 585:in the 563:in the 504:cruiser 492:in the 467:Admiral 280:Aboukir 4360:(1940) 4335:(1940) 4272:(1940) 3240: 3223: 3206: 3180: 3161: 3142: 3122: 3090: 3068: 3049: 3030: 3011: 2992: 2973: 2954: 2935: 2918: 2899: 2880: 2861: 2842: 1263:Family 1245:London 1009:Marine 1001:Marine 881:, and 851:bomber 818:Nelson 645:Medina 630:London 560:Caesar 434:bomber 318:Awards 294:London 287:Medina 1337:Motto 1319:Crest 1213:Reich 1139:Panay 1121:Panay 1109:Panay 1105:Panay 1081:Reich 932:Reich 650:India 479:cadet 477:as a 471:Tenby 387: 385:, 380: 378:, 373: 371:, 366: 364:, 359: 357:, 56: 52: 48: 44: 40: 3238:ISBN 3221:ASIN 3204:ASIN 3178:ISBN 3159:ISBN 3140:ISBN 3120:ISBN 3088:ISBN 3066:ISBN 3047:ISBN 3028:ISBN 3009:ISBN 2990:ISBN 2971:ISBN 2952:ISBN 2933:ISBN 2916:ASIN 2897:ISBN 2878:ISBN 2859:ISBN 2840:ISBN 1291:Arms 816:HMS 742:HMS 714:Lion 701:Lion 699:HMS 678:Lion 676:HMS 669:HMS 658:HMS 643:RMS 628:HMS 617:HMS 595:HMS 580:HMS 569:HMS 558:HMS 547:HMS 540:HMS 529:HMS 507:HMS 497:HMS 483:HMS 368:KCMG 266:Lion 222:Rank 171:Died 148:Born 46:KCMG 4209:of 3277:ZBW 3107:118 1251:in 1187:as 1154:RAF 778:to 637:at 574:at 552:at 375:CVO 354:GCB 50:CVO 38:GCB 4748:: 3105:. 2791:. 2771:^ 2744:^ 2694:^ 2673:. 2653:. 2633:. 2601:^ 2580:^ 2563:^ 2539:. 2519:. 2499:. 2479:. 2456:^ 2429:^ 2414:^ 2399:^ 2384:^ 2367:^ 2314:^ 2297:^ 2282:^ 2243:^ 2226:^ 2197:^ 2168:^ 2141:^ 2114:^ 2027:^ 2012:^ 1983:^ 1968:^ 1953:^ 1926:^ 1911:^ 1894:^ 1865:^ 1846:^ 1819:^ 1776:^ 1702:^ 1690:. 1670:^ 1658:. 1638:. 1618:. 1593:^ 1581:. 1561:. 1541:. 1521:. 1501:. 1463:. 1431:^ 1419:. 1384:. 1356:^ 1287:. 1207:, 877:, 452:. 389:DL 382:PC 361:OM 351:, 183:, 163:, 58:DL 54:PC 42:OM 4454:e 4447:t 4440:v 4199:e 4192:t 4185:v 3501:e 3494:t 3487:v 3246:. 3227:. 3210:. 3186:. 3167:. 3148:. 3128:. 3096:. 3074:. 3055:. 3036:. 3017:. 2998:. 2979:. 2960:. 2941:. 2922:. 2905:. 2886:. 2867:. 2848:. 156:) 152:(

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

Ernle Chatfield, 1st Baron Chatfield

Index