809:
the lion's share of
Altenburg inheritance, on basis of Duke John Philip's testament (as it was ultimately recognized that the Salic law does not prevent an agnate to will all his possessions to those other agnates of the house he desires to make his heirs, leaving other agnates without; and if those favored agnates also happened to be the testator's son-in-law and maternal grandsons, that is in no way prohibited), but a portion (one-fourth of the original Altenburg moiety) passed to the Saxe-Weimar branch. These two lines: Weimar and Gotha(-Altenburg) form the basis of future Ernestine lines, and both have surviving male lineage up to today. After the division of the inheritance of the first Altenburg line, the senior, Weimar, line held somewhat less than half of the Ernestine lands, and the junior, Gotha-Altenburg, line held more than half. Gotha-Altenburg line subdivided more and Weimar line not so much, and ultimately all the said Weimar line's possessions were concentrated in primogenitural hands in 1741 and in 1815 were raised to grand ducal title of Weimar.
316:
817:
331:
1649:
1043:
25:
122:
921:
1454:
909:, the Duke of Saxe-Weimar was also the Duke of Saxe-Eisenach, and had two votes (as well as three-eights of all the Ernestine lands); the Duke of Saxe-Altenburg was also the Duke of Saxe-Gotha (as senior heir of both Duke John Philip and Duke Ernest the Pious), and had two votes; and the Duke of Saxe-Coburg had one vote.
912:
The other
Ernestine duchies were never members of the Imperial Circle, and did not have the right to vote in the Imperial Diet as the five duchies that the other duchies did (for example, the principalities of Meiningen and Hildburghausen were such; that was one reason why Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen
808:
and Gotha (1597–1638), the eldest son of
Frederick William I. When Elisabeth Sophie's cousin Frederick William III, Duke of Altenburg, died unmarried 1672, the entire first Altenburg line became extinct in male line, opening a succession strife. Ultimately, Ernest and Elisabeth Sophie's sons received
696:
to resign the
Electorate and the government of his country in favor of Maurice of the Albertine Saxony, and his punishment was changed into imprisonment for life. When the newly minted Elector Maurice, having again changed sides, attacked the Emperor, Duke John Frederick was released from prison, and
812:
Duke Ernest of Gotha and
Duchess Elisabeth Sophie's numerous sons divided the inheritance (five-eighths of all Ernestine lands) initially to seven parts: Gotha-Altenburg, Coburg, Meiningen, Römhild, Eisenberg, Hildburghausen and Saalfeld. Of them, Coburg, Römhild and Eisenberg did not survive past
870:– the youngest line (originally Saalfeld line) receiving the "maternal" seat of Gotha which had been the seat of Ernest the Pious, progenitor of all these seven lines. All of the Ernestine duchies ended with the abolition of the monarchy and princely states in Germany shortly after the end of
782:
the eldest. Two more died within fifteen years, including
Bernhard in 1639, without heirs. In 1638, the senior Coburg-Eisenach line became extinct and its possessions were divided between the Altenburgs and the Weimars, this doubled the Saxe-Weimar possessions and made it again feasible to be
1335:
after the
Bulgarian line. If the equality of marriage is also ignored, this adds a further nine Britons before the Bulgarians and six Belgians after them to the list of Wettins. The most beneficial interpretations give the Saxe-Coburg-Gotha line 33 living non-morganatic agnates and the most
624:. Leipzig, the economic center of Saxony, as well as the seat of the only university in Saxony, was located in Albertine Saxony. Wanting a university in his lands, for example, to educate civil servants and pastors, Frederick founded the University of Wittenberg in 1502. It was there that
283:. The name Saxony was then generally applied to all of the Wettin's domains, including those in Thuringia, because Saxony was a ducal title, the highest they possessed, and all house members used it, although many of them held lands only in Thuringia. Frederick I was succeeded by his son,
679:
of
Albertine Saxony (Meissen), invaded Ernestine Saxony. John Frederick hurried back to Saxony, expelled Maurice from the Ernestine lands, conquered Albertine Saxony and proceeded to invade Bohemia (held directly by Emperor Charles V's brother Ferdinand and that latter's wife
674:
Charles eventually came to terms with France, and turned his attention to the
Protestant lands of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1546 the Schmalkaldic League raised an army. Elector John Frederick led the league's troops south, but shortly thereafter John Frederick's cousin,
1315:
renounced their German titles in 1917 and 1920 respectively. Although whether this actually removed them from all
Ernestine successions has been debated. All the surviving agnatic lines however include marriages that are (at least highly likely) morganatic.
1210:(b. 15 November 1946). This line is also likely to go extinct soon as Michael only has a daughter and the only other male is his cousin Prince Wilhelm Ernst (b. 10 August 1946), whose son died childless in 2018. These two represent the last non-
1118:
were the only remaining duchies (Weimar-Eisenach was the merger of the personal union of Weimar and Eisenach into one title since 1809, being raised to a Grand Duchy in 1815, and officially Grand Duchy of Saxony since 1903) at the time of the
708:
The three sons of John Frederick I shared the territory, with John Frederick II becoming head (and briefly, 1554–1556, holding the electoral title) with his seats in Eisenach and Coburg, the middle brother John William staying in Weimar
688:(1547). John Frederick was wounded and taken prisoner. The Emperor condemned him to death as a rebel, but stayed the execution because he did not want to take the time to capture Wittenberg, defended by John Frederick's wife
199:. Brothers sometimes ruled the territory inherited from their father jointly, but sometimes they split it up. Some of the Ernestine duchies retained their separate existence until 1918. Similar practices in the houses of
717:). When John Frederick III of Gotha died unmarried and heirless in 1565, John William of Weimar tried to claim succession to Saxe-Gotha, but the sons of the imprisoned John Frederick II entered their own claim.
824:
The Ernestine territories in Thuringia were thus divided and recombined many times as Dukes left more than one son to inherit, and as various lines of the Ducal Ernestines died out in male line. Eventually,
857:
of the United Kingdom. The patrimony of Gotha-Altenburg was divided between the other three lines stemming from Ernest the Pious and Elisabeth Sophie, causing changes in nomenclature: onwards, they were
829:
became the rule for inheritance in the Ernestine duchies, but not before the number of Ernestine duchies had risen to ten at one point. By 1826 the remaining Ernestine duchies were the Grand Duchy of
302:, the brothers split the Wettin possessions, with Ernest receiving northern Meissen, southern Thuringia, and Wittenberg, and Albert receiving northern Thuringia and southern Meissen.
1356:
1308:
713:), and the youngest, John Frederick III (namesake of the eldest brother, which has caused much confusion in history writing) establishing residence in Gotha (
315:
1245:
In the very likely event of the extinction of these two senior branches, the sole representation of the Ernestine Wettins will pass to the descendants of
1219:
736:
to Saxe-Weimar. When John William died a year later, his older son, Frederick William I received Altenburg, Gotha and Meiningen with the title of Duke of
1683:
791:
1270:
1195:
850:
1434:
572:
849:. In 1826, Ernest the Pious' senior line of Gotha-Altenburg became extinct. The daughter of its penultimate duke had been married with the
564:
778:
died in action (1626) unmarried, two more of his brothers were already deceased without children, leaving five dukes of Saxe-Weimar, with
1486:
1155:
906:
1288:
1254:
493:
454:
In 1572 the Ernestine duchies were rearranged and redivided between the two sons of John Frederick II and the son of John William.
1207:
168:
89:
805:
552:
439:
306:
1231:
1223:
61:
1246:
913:
exchanged his patrimony to that of Altenburg). However they were all autonomous and ultimately, with the dissolution of the
790:, the remaining brothers finally divided their patrimony, William remaining in Weimar, Albert (Albrecht) receiving seat as
1235:
1199:
749:
745:
601:
529:
516:
478:
472:
429:
385:
330:
68:
1458:
1320:
1239:
1120:
1064:
775:
663:, who died childless. John Frederick increasingly hardened his support of the Lutheran Reformation, while the Emperor,
42:
1402:
1171:
1090:
902:
656:
652:
419:
108:
1072:
756:, but were appointed a legal guardian because they were minors. In 1596 the brothers agreed to split the duchy into
1352:
621:
608:
After the death of John Ernest without heirs, his principality was divided between Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Altenburg.
391:
370:
207:
led to all of Thuringia becoming a tangle of small states from the late 15th century until the early 20th century.
75:
1479:
655:. For the first ten years of his reign, John Frederick shared the rule of Ernestine Saxony with his stepbrother,
284:
1276:
Prince Andreas has two sons and a grandson. The line of succession is usually presumed to then go to the former
1179:
1068:
280:
46:
57:
1128:
664:
260:
667:, avoided direct confrontation with the Protestant princes, as he needed their support in his struggle with
1215:
801:
779:
767:
632:
for trial. Frederick, like other German princes, allowed Lutheran reforms to be implemented in his domain.
582:
1673:
1324:
1281:
681:
1464:
195:
that divided inheritances among all sons. In addition, every son of a Saxon duke inherited the title of
1688:
1668:
1472:
833:(approximately three-eighths of all the Ernestine lands), and the ("Elisabeth-Sophie-line") duchies of
693:
676:
336:
295:
774:, the youngest, the famed general) and a will ordering them to rule jointly. When the eldest of them,
1440:
1144:
816:
364:
321:
291:
240:
1648:
1678:
1277:
1053:
1057:
771:
684:). Charles' forces drove the Schmalkaldic League troops back and decisively defeated them in the
636:
376:
220:
35:
1408:
1328:
1295:
renounced his rights to Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (but only to that duchy) to avert an undesirable
1266:
1140:
854:
752:(died heirless 1638), the younger son of John Frederick II, received together the territory of
272:
236:
82:
1635:
1250:
1107:
959:
867:
685:
523:
After the death of John Casimir without heirs, the inheritance fell to his younger brother.
500:
After Frederick William's death, the land was split between his young sons and his brother.
1627:
1619:
1555:
1515:
1332:
1132:
1103:
1025:
977:
947:
941:
846:
830:
753:
204:
8:
1587:
1378:
1340:
1312:
1262:
1211:
983:
842:
721:
640:
256:
167:
were also "Saxon duchies" and adjacent to several Ernestine ones), were a group of small
1437:(originally retrieved December 13, 2005, found using Wayback machine November 27, 2006)
1428:
878:
1398:
1368:
914:
689:
648:
299:
309:
will reveal many of the different strands of the ducal house and their possessions.
191:
The Saxon duchy began fragmenting in the 15th century as a result of the old German
1344:
1300:
1258:
1336:
restrictive gives it only five, who were born in 1937, 1943, 1975, 1977 and 2015.
1124:
264:
248:
232:
180:
134:
1595:
1007:
1611:
1579:
1539:
1414:
1296:
1280:(b. 16 June 1937), who has three sons and seven grandsons, but his marriage to
1227:
1203:
1115:
1111:
1001:
953:
929:
863:
859:
838:
737:
628:
posted his 95 Theses. Frederick protected Luther, refusing to extradite him to
259:. When the last duke of Saxe-Wittenberg died without heir in 1422, the Emperor
252:
244:
200:
192:
853:
and Saalfeld, and the couple had two sons – the younger of whom was to become
1662:
1603:
1563:
1531:
1163:
1013:
995:
965:
826:
813:
that one generation and were apportioned between the four persevering lines.
795:
761:
705:(to replace the one in Wittenberg lost to Maurice) before his death in 1554.
625:
1348:
1183:
1175:
1167:
729:
1170:
administered northern Bavaria. Between 1945 and 1990 Thuringia was in the
740:, and with his several sons founding the first Saxe-Altenburg line, while
298:, the younger son, shared governance of the Wettin lands. In 1485, by the
1523:
1507:
1494:
1019:
935:
871:
794:
and Ernest (by-named "the Pious") also got his share and became known as
757:
741:
710:
660:
156:
1343:
are not considered among the Ernestine Wettins at all due to both their
1303:(whose original male line includes only the descendants of Edward's son
697:
given back the Landgraviate of Thuringia. He established his capital in
1547:
1292:
971:
834:
714:
644:
228:
1226:(b. 14 April 1952), who is the sole non-morganatic male member of the
344:
223:(1106–1170), inherited parts of the old Saxon duchy, primarily around
1571:
1373:
1159:
1154:
This reorganisation has remained to the present day, although it was
1148:
989:
733:
725:
276:
224:
176:
160:
1042:
251:
with definite effect of 1296. Saxe-Wittenberg was recognized as the
24:
1304:
268:
231:, in 1180. He had two sons, Albert and Henry. Albert inherited the
171:
whose number varied, which were largely located in the present-day
152:
1393:
John B. Freed. 1988. Saxony, in Strayer, Joseph R., Ed. in Chief.
1123:. Their legal privileges and status as Dukes were abolished under
1136:
901:
Membership in the Circle gave the ruler of a state a vote in the
770:(or John II), died young leaving eight surviving sons (including
172:
121:
920:
400:
In 1554, John Frederick I split the duchy among his three sons.
1453:
698:
668:
216:
748:(died heirless 1633), the older son of John Frederick II, and
567:, 1603–1669 (sole ruler from 1639), son of Frederick William I
635:
Frederick III died in 1525; he was succeeded by his brother,
487:
In 1596 the brothers agreed to split the lands between them.
164:
1139:. The other four states were merged on 1 May 1920 alongside
804:(1601–1675) had married Elisabeth Sophie, the only child of
702:
629:
620:
Elector Ernest died in 1486, and was succeeded by his son,
196:
290:
After the death of Frederick II in 1464, his oldest son,
1319:
If only all the renounciations are ignored this adds
692:. To save his life, John Frederick conceded in the
561:
John William, 1603–1632, son of Frederick William I
345:
Detailed history of divisions in the Ernestine line
243:, who gradually divided Saxony into the duchies of
179:and governed by dukes of the Ernestine line of the
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1131:by splitting Gotha and Coburg. On 1 July 1920 the
877:Five of the Ernestine duchies were members of the
235:. In 1260 Albert bequeathed the duchy to his sons
1196:Georg Moritz, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Altenburg
651:. John died in 1532 and was succeeded by his son
1660:
1218:. The remaining four males in this line are the
917:on 6 August 1806, that issue became irrelevant.
720:The contenders reached agreement in 1572 in the
558:Frederick, 1603–1625, son of Frederick William I
1032:
1397:, Vol. 10. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.
210:
1480:
1435:Chart showing succession of Ernestine duchies
1238:. They are the only remaining descendants of
932:(1603 to 1672; 1826 to 1918; extinct in 1991)
924:The Ernestine Duchies in Thuringia after 1825
820:Mid-18th century map of the Ernestine duchies
724:by which John William added the districts of
1127:and remain so. The four duchies became five
146:
1071:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1684:Former states and territories of Thuringia
1487:
1473:
968:(1596 to 1638; 1640 to 1644; 1672 to 1809)
388:, 1532–1554 (alone from 1542), son of John
1129:constituent states of the Weimar Republic
1091:Learn how and when to remove this message
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1351:was likely a morganatic daughter due to
1289:Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1273:are also ancestors to morganatic lines.
1255:Andreas, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
919:
815:
575:, 1669–1672, son of Frederick William II
120:
1208:Michael, Prince of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
555:, 1603–1639, son of Frederick William I
1661:
1189:
806:Johann Philipp, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
639:(1525–1532). John was a leader in the
406:Duke of Saxe-Eisenach and Saxe-Coburg
307:list of members of the House of Wettin
294:, became elector, and Ernest and Duke
263:gave the duchy to Frederick IV of the
1468:
1247:Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
1156:de facto nonexistent during Nazi Rule
866:(the former Hildburghausen line) and
594:
546:
526:
513:
490:
481:, 1572–1596, son of John Frederick II
475:, 1572–1596, son of John Frederick II
1421:. Retrieved December 12, 2005, from
1069:adding citations to reliable sources
1036:
442:, 1554–1565, son of John Frederick I
432:, 1554–1573, son of John Frederick I
422:, 1554–1556, son of John Frederick I
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1498:after the Division of Erfurt (1572)
1200:Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen
13:
1441:The Ernestine Line's Saxon Duchies
1240:Bernhard I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
1222:. The situation is even worse for
1206:went extinct. His claim passed to
776:John Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar
14:
1700:
1535:(1596–1638, 1640–1644, 1672–1806)
1446:
907:1792 session of the Imperial Diet
744:went to the younger son John II.
279:of Thuringia, who thereby became
1647:
1452:
1271:Ludwig Frederick Emil von Coburg
1224:Konrad, Prince of Saxe-Meiningen
1166:administered the Free State and
1041:
585:, 1602–1605, son of John William
496:, 1572–1602, son of John William
386:John Frederick I the Magnanimous
367:, 1464–1486, son of Frederick II
329:
314:
23:
16:Set of related states in Germany
34:needs additional citations for
1198:died and with him the line of
768:Johann II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar
701:, and started a university at
592:Dukes of Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach
459:Dukes of Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach
281:Frederick I, Elector of Saxony
125:Coat of arms of the Ernestines
1:
1431:(retrieved December 13, 2005)
1395:Dictionary of the Middle Ages
1387:
784:
353:
1411:(accessed December 13, 2005)
1216:William, Duke of Saxe-Weimar
1162:system was used instead and
1033:Ernestine Duchies since 1918
938:(1596 to 1633; 1681 to 1699)
802:Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha
7:
1409:Ernestine Saxony, 1485(1547
1362:
682:Anna of Bohemia and Hungary
211:Before the Ernestine branch
186:
10:
1705:
1379:Division of Erfurt in 1572
1287:When it became clear that
1278:Tsar Simeon II of Bulgaria
1234:are morganatic as are the
881:of the Holy Roman Empire:
694:Capitulation of Wittenberg
615:
453:
448:
379:, 1525–1532, son of Ernest
373:, 1486–1525, son of Ernest
361:
356:
1645:
1503:
1269:. Francis and his nephew
1178:while Bavaria was in the
1145:Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
1125:the new republican regime
1121:German Revolution of 1918
598:
591:
579:
541:
538:
508:
505:
466:
461:
458:
436:
426:
416:
411:
408:
405:
322:Ernest, Elector of Saxony
151:, although the Albertine
139:Ernestinische Herzogtümer
1284:is possibly morganatic.
1282:a daughter of a Marquess
1267:Royal Family of Bulgaria
1257:(b. 21 March 1943), the
1180:American Occupation zone
539:Dukes of Saxe-Altenburg
394:, 1532–1542, son of John
349:
1423:Encyclopædia Britannica
1419:Encyclopædia Britannica
1313:Royal Family of Belgium
1263:Royal Family of Belgium
1149:Free State of Thuringia
772:Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar
509:Dukes of Saxe-Eisenach
1543:(1603–1672, 1826–1918)
1527:(1596–1633, 1681–1699)
1519:(1572–1596, 1633-1638)
1355:being the daughter of
1249:, who are the present
1232:nephew and grandnephew
1172:Soviet Occupation zone
1141:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
925:
855:Albert, Prince Consort
821:
371:Frederick III the Wise
337:Albert, Duke of Saxony
148:Sächsische Herzogtümer
147:
138:
126:
1636:Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1331:before Simeon II and
1291:would die childless,
1220:Barons of Heygendorff
1137:Free State of Bavaria
923:
868:Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
819:
573:Frederick William III
542:Dukes of Saxe-Weimar
506:Dukes of Saxe-Coburg
462:Dukes of Saxe-Weimar
141:), also known as the
124:
1628:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1620:Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
1556:Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
1516:Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach
1461:at Wikimedia Commons
1429:House Laws of Anhalt
1341:Mountbatten-Windsors
1333:Albert II of Belgium
1194:On 13 February 1991
1135:was joined into the
1133:Free State of Coburg
1104:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1065:improve this section
1026:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
978:Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
948:Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
942:Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach
847:Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
831:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
754:Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach
659:, titularly Duke of
565:Frederick William II
409:Duke of Saxe-Weimar
43:improve this article
1588:Saxe-Hildburghausen
1236:Barons von Saalfeld
1230:and unmarried. His
1190:Surviving Claimants
984:Saxe-Hildburghausen
843:Saxe-Hildburghausen
641:Schmalkaldic League
449:Division of Erfurt
412:Duke of Saxe-Gotha
357:Electors of Saxony
257:Golden Bull of 1356
58:"Ernestine duchies"
1674:Upper Saxon Circle
1251:Saxe-Coburg-Gothas
926:
879:Upper Saxon Circle
822:
722:Division of Erfurt
686:Battle of Mühlberg
637:John the Steadfast
622:Frederick the Wise
440:John Frederick III
377:John the Steadfast
300:Leipziger division
219:, youngest son of
215:Count Bernhard of
127:
1689:History of Saxony
1669:Ernestine duchies
1656:
1655:
1640:
1632:
1624:
1616:
1608:
1600:
1592:
1584:
1576:
1568:
1560:
1552:
1544:
1536:
1528:
1520:
1512:
1496:Ernestine duchies
1459:Ernestine duchies
1457:Media related to
1369:History of Saxony
1108:Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
1101:
1100:
1093:
960:Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
915:Holy Roman Empire
862:-Hildburghausen,
690:Sybille of Cleves
649:Holy Roman Empire
613:
612:
494:Frederick William
420:John Frederick II
255:of Saxony in the
221:Albert "the Bear"
131:Ernestine duchies
119:
118:
111:
93:
1696:
1651:
1638:
1630:
1622:
1614:
1606:
1598:
1590:
1582:
1574:
1566:
1558:
1550:
1542:
1534:
1526:
1518:
1510:
1489:
1482:
1475:
1466:
1465:
1456:
1425:Premium Service.
1383:
1345:cognatic descent
1301:House of Windsor
1259:House of Windsor
1096:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1076:
1045:
1037:
792:Duke of Eisenach
789:
786:
653:John Frederick I
354:
333:
318:
150:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1679:House of Wettin
1659:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1643:
1499:
1493:
1449:
1390:
1381:
1365:
1228:Saxe-Meiningens
1214:descendants of
1192:
1097:
1086:
1080:
1077:
1062:
1046:
1035:
787:
647:princes in the
618:
352:
347:
340:
334:
325:
319:
305:A study of the
265:house of Wettin
249:Saxe-Wittenberg
233:Duchy of Saxony
213:
189:
181:House of Wettin
115:
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98:
95:
52:
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40:
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17:
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1612:Saxe-Meiningen
1609:
1601:
1593:
1585:
1580:Saxe-Eisenberg
1577:
1569:
1561:
1553:
1545:
1540:Saxe-Altenburg
1537:
1529:
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1448:
1447:External links
1445:
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1415:Wettin Dynasty
1412:
1406:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1376:
1371:
1364:
1361:
1329:Prince Michael
1321:Prince Richard
1297:personal union
1204:Saxe-Altenburg
1191:
1188:
1116:Saxe-Altenburg
1112:Saxe-Meiningen
1099:
1098:
1049:
1047:
1040:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1028:(1809 to 1918)
1023:
1022:(1572 to 1809)
1017:
1016:(1680 to 1735)
1011:
1010:(1680 to 1710)
1005:
1004:(1681 to 1918)
1002:Saxe-Meiningen
999:
998:(1662 to 1672)
993:
992:(1672 to 1690)
987:
986:(1680 to 1826)
981:
980:(1681 to 1826)
975:
974:(1640 to 1680)
969:
963:
962:(1826 to 1918)
957:
956:(1680 to 1707)
954:Saxe-Eisenberg
951:
950:(1735 to 1826)
945:
944:(1572 to 1596)
939:
933:
930:Saxe-Altenburg
899:
898:
897:Saxe-Altenburg
895:
892:
889:
886:
864:Saxe-Altenburg
860:Saxe-Meiningen
851:Duke of Coburg
839:Saxe-Meiningen
738:Saxe-Altenburg
617:
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245:Saxe-Lauenburg
212:
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193:succession law
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1604:Saxe-Saalfeld
1602:
1597:
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1573:
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1565:
1564:Saxe-Marksuhl
1562:
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1541:
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1533:
1532:Saxe-Eisenach
1530:
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1403:0-684-18276-9
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1354:
1350:
1347:and the fact
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1326:
1325:Prince Edward
1322:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1309:26 April 1943
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1164:Gau Thuringia
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1109:
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1059:
1055:
1050:This section
1048:
1044:
1039:
1038:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1014:Saxe-Saalfeld
1012:
1009:
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1000:
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996:Saxe-Marksuhl
994:
991:
988:
985:
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966:Saxe-Eisenach
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940:
937:
934:
931:
928:
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918:
916:
910:
908:
904:
903:Imperial Diet
896:
893:
890:
888:Saxe-Eisenach
887:
884:
883:
882:
880:
875:
873:
869:
865:
861:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
827:primogeniture
818:
814:
810:
807:
803:
799:
797:
796:Duke of Gotha
793:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
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762:Saxe-Eisenach
759:
755:
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735:
731:
727:
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672:
670:
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654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
633:
631:
627:
626:Martin Luther
623:
609:
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590:
584:
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580:
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571:
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563:
560:
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143:Saxon duchies
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91:
88:
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81:
77:
74:
70:
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63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1596:Saxe-Römhild
1495:
1422:
1418:
1394:
1349:Elizabeth II
1338:
1318:
1286:
1275:
1244:
1193:
1184:West Germany
1176:East Germany
1168:Gau Bayreuth
1153:
1102:
1087:
1078:
1063:Please help
1051:
1008:Saxe-Römhild
911:
900:
876:
837:-Altenburg,
823:
811:
800:
783:divided. In
766:
746:John Casimir
719:
707:
677:Duke Maurice
673:
634:
619:
607:
522:
517:John Casimir
499:
486:
473:John Casimir
430:John William
399:
304:
289:
285:Frederick II
214:
190:
142:
130:
128:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1639:(1826–1918)
1631:(1806–1918)
1623:(1735–1826)
1615:(1681–1918)
1607:(1680–1735)
1599:(1680–1710)
1591:(1680–1826)
1583:(1680–1707)
1575:(1672–1690)
1567:(1662–1672)
1559:(1681–1826)
1551:(1640–1680)
1524:Saxe-Coburg
1511:(1572–1806)
1508:Saxe-Weimar
1382:(in German)
1158:, when the
1020:Saxe-Weimar
936:Saxe-Coburg
891:Saxe-Coburg
885:Saxe-Weimar
872:World War I
788: 1640
758:Saxe-Coburg
750:John Ernest
742:Saxe-Weimar
711:Saxe-Weimar
661:Saxe-Coburg
657:John Ernest
604:, 1633–1638
602:John Ernest
553:John Philip
549:Co-rulers:
532:, 1596–1633
530:John Ernest
519:, 1596–1633
479:John Ernest
469:Co-rulers:
392:John Ernest
382:Co-rulers:
339:(1443–1500)
324:(1441–1486)
205:Schwarzburg
157:Weissenfels
155:duchies of
1663:Categories
1548:Saxe-Gotha
1417:. (2005).
1388:References
1353:her mother
1311:) and the
1293:Edward VII
1212:morganatic
972:Saxe-Gotha
894:Saxe-Gotha
835:Saxe-Gotha
715:Saxe-Gotha
645:Protestant
253:electorate
229:Wittenberg
69:newspapers
1572:Saxe-Jena
1374:Thuringia
1182:and then
1174:and then
1160:Reichsgau
1147:into the
1081:July 2022
1052:does not
990:Saxe-Jena
905:. In the
734:Meiningen
726:Altenburg
665:Charles V
277:Landgrave
261:Sigismund
241:Albert II
225:Lauenburg
177:Thuringia
175:state of
161:Merseburg
1363:See also
1305:George V
1265:and the
269:Margrave
187:Overview
153:appanage
99:May 2016
1357:an earl
1253:led by
1073:removed
1058:sources
780:Wilhelm
616:History
583:John II
273:Meissen
83:scholar
1401:
1307:since
1299:. The
1261:, the
1114:, and
699:Weimar
669:France
365:Ernest
296:Albert
292:Ernest
237:John I
217:Anhalt
173:German
169:states
135:German
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
730:Gotha
350:Table
201:Reuss
165:Zeitz
90:JSTOR
76:books
1399:ISBN
1339:The
1327:and
1202:and
1143:and
1056:any
1054:cite
845:and
760:and
732:and
703:Jena
630:Rome
275:and
247:and
239:and
227:and
203:and
197:duke
163:and
129:The
62:news
1067:by
643:of
271:of
45:by
1665::
1359:.
1323:,
1242:.
1186:.
1151:.
1110:,
1106:,
874:.
841:,
798:.
785:c.
764:.
728:,
671:.
287:.
267:,
183:.
159:,
137::
1488:e
1481:t
1474:v
1405:.
1094:)
1088:(
1083:)
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709:(
145:(
133:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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