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348:) nicknamed the "Loan Collection" as they had been hand-picked from across the civil service. Gowers wrote later, "This gigantic task of bringing the National Health and Unemployment Insurance Acts into operation taught the Service what it could do, and the control of the whole of the social and economic life of the nation during the war drove home the lesson." The members of the loan collection were deployed to other departments during the First World War. While nominally continuing to hold his post, Gowers was attached to the
439:… without consultation with ministers." Churchill promised that in such an event Gowers would have the Government's backing. In a biographical sketch of Gowers, his great-granddaughter Rebecca Gowers comments that this potentially gave him direct responsibility for governing seven million people, though at the time he wrote of himself as "but a transient and embarrassed phantom flitting across the stage of history."
457:
was not renewed. He was told that he was too old. This did not prevent his being invited to chair a series of committees of inquiry on Women in the
Foreign Service (1945); Closing Hours of Shops (1946); Houses of Outstanding Historic or Architectural Interest (1948); and Foot-and-mouth Disease (1952).
670:
Ernest Gowers and
Constance (Kit) had three children and six grandchildren, for whom they always offered an open house in the school holidays. When Kit died in 1952, one of their daughters, the oboist Peggy Shiffner, gave up her career and moved in to look after him, also working as a volunteer at Le
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government in an attempt to defuse the long-term political debate over capital punishment, but the terms of reference did not include provision for recommending its abolition. He was profoundly affected by the evidence presented to the commission and said later that what he learned as chairman of the
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wrote of Gowers, "In this post he showed his full powers as an administrator, and indeed as a leader. Energetic, forceful, always cheerful, with an unfailing eye for the essential, he gave the impression of being master of every unexpected development and, as a result, infused confidence into all who
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commented, "Sir Ernest Gowers and his colleagues struggled manfully with their difficulties, but
Parliament had inadvertently tied their hands behind their backs." A new and more powerful body, the Coal Commission, was set up in 1938, with Gowers as chairman. In July 1942 all unmined coal in Britain
477:
wrote, "Certainly the publication of this report in
England introduced altogether new standards of clarity and relevance into discussions of a subject which had too often been obscured by ignorance and prejudice." The political debate dragged on and it was not until 1965 that capital punishment was
456:
After the war Gowers was appointed chairman of the Harlow New Town
Development Corporation, one of several new towns being built to provide housing for people displaced by wartime bombing, but he fell foul of the bureaucracy in the Ministry for Town and Country Planning and his three-year contract
410:
Throughout the 1930s Gowers and his colleagues had also been involved in preparing for possible war, and invasion. From 1935 onwards he combined his frustrating work with the coal industry with civil defence planning, attached to the
Department for the Co-ordination of Defence. John Anderson was
49:
524:, a work 94 pages long, became an instant success, not only within the civil service but internationally. It was published in April 1948 and by Christmas of that year, it was in its eighth impression, with more than 150,000 copies sold. It was followed by the
579:
Gowers bought a house in Sussex in the 1930s and lived there permanently after the war, writing books and managing a small farm. He became chairman of the board of the hospital where his father had worked, the
National Hospital for Nervous Diseases (now the
502:
The books on "plain words" show his regard for brevity and precision as the leading virtues in factual writing. Throughout his life he crusaded against the faults which have made "officialese" a term of opprobrium and in favour of simple and direct
English.
297:. He also sat for the Inner Temple Bar exam, which he passed in 1906. In December 1903 he passed the Civil Service Examination, and embarked on the career that led to the claim that he "may be regarded as one of the greatest public servants of his day."
415:
MP was appointed head of London Region, but ill-health forced him to retire in 1940. Gowers, his deputy, became Senior
Regional Commissioner for Civil Defence in London, running civil defence through the Blitz from a concrete bunker underneath the
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as director of production in the mines department. The following year he was promoted to head the department as permanent under-secretary for mines, a position he retained throughout the Miners' Strike. In 1927 he became chairman of the
492:
Gowers first went into print on the subject of bureaucratic
English usage, in 1929. in an article entitled "Mainly About the King's English", and he continued this crusade throughout his career. After the Second World War,
403:
Gowers (left) with Lt Col A J Child, Director of Operations and Intelligence, and K A L Parker, Deputy Chief Administrative Officer, in the London Regional Civil Defence Control Room, 1943, by
264:, and a Deputy-Lieutenant for Co. Antrim). They had two daughters and one son. Gowers's elder brother, William, went to Africa, joined the colonial civil service and rose to become Governor of
572:, which had been in print since 1926 with only very minor changes. It took Gowers nine years to complete the task. In 1996, Gowers' edition was succeeded by a more radical revision, edited by
237:, where he excelled academically and in sport. At Rugby, Ernest was also noted as an outstanding organist, an accomplishment that became a lifelong hobby. Both boys won scholarships to read
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In 1917 Gowers was appointed secretary of the Conciliation and Arbitration Board for government employees. In 1919 he began a 25-year involvement with the coal industry, joining the
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came in contact with him." His wife became a member of the Women's Voluntary Service and ran the Gordon Services Club, a hostel for soldiers on leave in
435:, told Gowers, "If communication with the Government becomes very difficult or impossible, it may be necessary for you to act on behalf of the Government
203:, which he entered in 1903. His final full-time appointment was as Senior Regional Commissioner for Civil Defence, London Region (1940–45). After the
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Ben Cowell, "Safe as Houses? The Gowers Report of 1950 was the first step in the postwar rescue of Britain's country house heritage."
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and Janet Whitcut. In March 2014, a new revision, by Gowers's great-granddaughter Rebecca Gowers, was published by Penguin Books.
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1202:, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 online edition, January 2008, retrieved 3 April 2014
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Gowers died in April 1966, at King Edward VII Hospital, Midhurst, Sussex, age 85, nine months after his revision of Fowler's
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Health, Welfare, and Safety in Non-Industrial Employment Hours of Employment of Juveniles: Report by a Committee of Enquiry
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In 1930 Gowers was appointed chair of the newly established Coal Mines Reorganisation Commission, set up under the
384:, in an attempt to improve the efficiency of British coal mines, but deficiencies in the Act soon became evident.
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1042:, A & C Black, 1920–2008; online edition, Oxford University Press, December 2007, retrieved 3 April 2014
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In 1949 Gowers was appointed chairman of the Royal Commission on Capital Punishment (1949–53), set up by the
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182:; 2 June 1880 – 16 April 1966) was a British civil servant and author who is best remembered for his book
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249:). Their sisters, Edith and Evelyn, mainly schooled at home, both lost their sight after developing
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given control of civil defence planning in 1938 and set up a network of civil defence regions.
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in September 1904, and from March 1907 to October 1911, he was private secretary to successive
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1376:, Oxford University Press, January 2008; online edition, January 2011, retrieved 3 April 2014
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In 1902 Gowers graduated from Cambridge with a First in the Classical Tripos and attended
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ceased to be the property of the colliery owners and was vested in the Coal Commission.
1311:
Hart, H L A. "Murder and the Principles of Punishment: England and the United States",
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Gowers entered the home civil service as an upper division clerk in the Department of
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Report of the Committee on Houses of Outstanding Historic or Architectural Interest
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229:). The family lived in Queen Anne Street, W1. Ernest followed his elder brother,
1146:"Coal Mine Schemes – Reorganization Commission – Sir E. Gowers to be Chairman",
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and his wife, Mary, (daughter of Frederick Baines, one of the proprietors of the
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Coal Mines Reorganisation Commission: Report to the Secretary for Mines
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199:. Before making his name as an author, he had a long career in the
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In 1956, at the age of 76, Gowers accepted a commission from the
528:(1951), and the two books were combined in 1954 and published by
332:, as one of a team of promising young civil servants (including
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Gowers was born in London, the younger son of the neurologist
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Senior Regional Commissioner for Civil Defence, London Region
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Royal Commission on Capital Punishment, 1949–1953: Report
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Closing Hours of Shops: Report by a Committee of Enquiry
1091:, Oxford University Press, 2004, retrieved 5 June 2012
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Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
1200:"Anderson, John, first Viscount Waverley (1882–1958)"
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Civil servants in the Ministry of National Insurance
1253:"Obituary: Sir E. Gowers, Author of 'Plain Words'",
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A Life for a Life? The Problem of Capital Punishment
639:, 1952–60. He was a Freeman of Royal Borough of the
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A Life for a Life? The Problem of Capital Punishment
256:
In 1905 Gowers married Constance Greer, daughter of
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791:H.W. Fowler: A Dictionary of Modern English Usage
883:. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1953.
867:. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. 1950.
851:. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. 1947.
835:. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. 1947.
819:. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. 1933.
729:. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1954.
713:. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. 1951.
697:. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. 1948.
584:), Queen Square, London, and was on the board of
1510:Private secretaries in the British Civil Service
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1337:Gowers, E A, "Mainly about the King's English",
1185:Gowers, Sir Ernest. "Coal A National Property",
1172:"Future Of Coal Mines – New Commission Chosen",
939:. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
582:National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery
360:, Britain's top-secret wartime propaganda unit.
1010: ed.). Oxford: A & C Black.
937:Ernest Gowers – Plain Words and Forgotten Deeds
465:commission converted him from vague support of
293:in London, to study for the highly competitive
209:1949 Royal Commission into Capital Punishment
189:first published in 1948, and his revision of
1495:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
675:was his grandson, and the mathematician Sir
469:to strong opposition. As a result, he wrote
646:Gowers received an honorary doctorate from
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695:Plain Words: A Guide to the Use of English
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796:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1965.
310:Parliamentary Under-Secretaries for India
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1370:"Burchfield, Robert William (1923–2004)"
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1465:Chairmen of the Board of Inland Revenue
1374:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1089:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1085:"Gowers, Sir Ernest Arthur (1880–1966)"
910:Gowers, Ernest; Rebecca Gowers (2014).
775:Medical Jargon: The Osler Oration, 1958
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761:. London: English Association. 1957.
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656:Royal Institute of British Architects
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316:. In October 1911 he was promoted to
1475:Civil servants in the Board of Trade
1324:"No hanging Bill through: 204-104",
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330:National Health Insurance Commission
1490:Fellows of Clare College, Cambridge
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1016:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u55846
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745:. London: Chatto and Windus. 1956.
658:, and was elected president of the
654:, and an honorary Associate of the
554:to undertake the first revision of
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1480:Civil servants in the India Office
1450:Alumni of Clare College, Cambridge
1313:Northwestern University Law Review
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777:. London: Practitioner Ltd. 1958.
478:effectively abolished in England.
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633:Gentleman Usher of the Purple Rod
1359:Gowers (2014), pp. iv and xv–xvi
914:. London: Particular (Penguin).
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364:Grappling with the coal industry
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16:English writer and civil servant
1505:People educated at Rugby School
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1296:"Without the Death Penalty",
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613:Order of the Crown of Belgium
1380:UK public library membership
1206:UK public library membership
1095:UK public library membership
1023:UK public library membership
650:, was an honorary fellow of
539:This was revised in 1973 by
320:as private secretary to the
272:for the Colonies (1932–38).
7:
1460:English non-fiction writers
1003:Who's Who & Who Was Who
997:"Gowers, Sir Ernest Arthur"
637:Order of the British Empire
322:Chancellor of the Exchequer
76:Marylebone, London, England
10:
1541:
1315:, 1957 52, 433-61, p. 545.
1218:Scott, pp. 101 and 114–116
611:in 1917, Chevalier of the
262:Senate of Northern Ireland
243:Trinity College, Cambridge
241:at Cambridge--(William to
1407:(June 2020) 70#6 pp 22-24
1299:Times Literary Supplement
1150:, 10 December 1930, p. 14
295:Civil Service Examination
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92:Midhurst, Sussex, England
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1525:Male non-fiction writers
727:The Complete Plain Words
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652:Clare College, Cambridge
535:The Complete Plain Words
247:Clare College, Cambridge
231:William Frederick Gowers
215:Education and early life
142:Sir Ernest Arthur Gowers
133:The Complete Plain Words
1515:Writers of style guides
1239:Gowers (2014), pp. x–xi
1044:(subscription required)
1008:Oxford University Press
679:is his great-grandson.
552:Oxford University Press
452:Post-war reconstruction
375:Board of Inland Revenue
112:University of Cambridge
1350:Gowers (2014), p. xiii
1302:, 2 March 1956, p. 137
1227:Scott, pp. 108 and 114
1163:, 3 February 1938, p.8
1110:Gowers (2014), p. viii
960:Works by Ernest Gowers
586:Le Court Cheshire Home
543:, and then in 1986 by
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418:Natural History Museum
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382:Coal Mines Act of 1930
258:Thomas Macgregor Greer
1339:Public Administration
1176:, 30 July 1938, p. 12
648:Manchester University
607:Gowers was appointed
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253:in early adult life.
53:Ernest Gowers in 1920
1455:British male writers
1328:, 21 July 1965, p. 8
1257:18 April 1966, p. 12
1137:Gowers (2014), p. ix
671:Court. The composer
597:Modern English Usage
569:Modern English Usage
487:Modern English Usage
431:The prime minister,
426:Edward "Teddy" Evans
281:Civil service career
251:Retinitis pigmentosa
196:Modern English Usage
63:Ernest Arthur Gowers
935:Scott, Ann (2009).
660:English Association
1393:Concert Programmes
1266:Scott, pp. 137–140
1189:, 1 July 1942, p.5
711:ABC of Plain Words
641:Kingston-on-Thames
603:Honours and awards
526:ABC of Plain Words
495:Sir Edward Bridges
467:capital punishment
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326:David Lloyd George
304:. He moved to the
289:, a civil service
270:Senior Crown Agent
221:Sir William Gowers
1378:(subscription or
1204:(subscription or
1093:(subscription or
1083:Burchfield, R W.
1021:(Subscription or
574:Robert Burchfield
509:Robert Burchfield
473:(1956), of which
433:Winston Churchill
428:as his deputies.
405:Meredith Frampton
354:Charles Masterman
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342:Arthur Salter
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85:16 April 1966
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30:Ernest Gowers
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1198:Peden, G C.
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413:Euan Wallace
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306:India Office
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235:Rugby School
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141:
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131:
127:Notable work
102:Rugby School
87:(1966-04-16)
18:
1445:1966 deaths
1440:1880 births
1040:Who Was Who
975:Scott, p. 4
912:Plain Words
662:(1956–57).
590:Petersfield
522:Plain Words
513:Plain Words
483:Plain Words
318:HM Treasury
193:'s classic
185:Plain Words
73:2 June 1880
1434:Categories
1025:required.)
964:Faded Page
897:References
475:H L A Hart
118:Occupation
69:1880-06-02
1382:required)
1326:The Times
1255:The Times
1208:required)
1187:The Times
1174:The Times
1161:The Times
1148:The Times
1097:required)
857:558981410
802:334209140
735:559778291
623:in 1928,
619:in 1926,
615:in 1918,
441:The Times
387:The Times
98:Education
1006:(online
966:(Canada)
889:65416058
873:29416569
841:39021698
825:17858091
783:32987909
719:65646838
239:Classics
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446:London
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344:, and
287:Wren's
276:Career
266:Uganda
191:Fowler
688:Books
683:Works
588:near
148:
37:
941:ISBN
916:ISBN
885:OCLC
869:OCLC
853:OCLC
837:OCLC
821:OCLC
798:OCLC
779:OCLC
763:OCLC
747:OCLC
731:OCLC
715:OCLC
699:OCLC
485:and
424:and
82:Died
59:Born
1012:doi
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625:GBE
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26:Sir
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