470:
801:
cites
Confederate effective strength of "just over 38,000," including A.P. Hill's division, which arrived in the afternoon. Priest, p. 343, cites 87,164 men present in the Army of the Potomac, with 53,632 engaged, and 30,646 engaged in the Army of Northern Virginia. Luvaas and Nelson, p. 302, cite 87,100 Union engaged, 51,800 Confederate. Harsh, Sounding the Shallows, pp. 201–202, analyzes the historiography of the figures, and shows that Ezra A. Carman (a battlefield historian who influenced some of these sources) used "engaged" figures; the 38,000 excludes Pender's and Field's brigades, roughly half the artillery, and forces used to secure objectives behind the line.
112:
811:
unmarked graves where they fell." McPherson, p. 129, gives ranges for the
Confederate losses: 1,546–2,700 dead, 7,752–9,024 wounded. He states that more than 2,000 of the wounded on both sides died from their wounds. Priest, p. 343, reports 12,882 Union casualties (2,157 killed, 9,716 wounded, 1,009 missing or captured) and 11,530 Confederate (1,754 killed, 8,649 wounded, 1,127 missing or captured). Luvaas and Nelson, p. 302, cite Union casualties of 12,469 (2,010 killed, 9,416 wounded, 1,043 missing or captured) and 10,292 Confederate (1,567 killed, 8,725 wounded for September 14–20, plus approximately 2,000 missing or captured).
31:
93:
481:. Proponents claim that the engagement was in-fact a massacre and not a battle, due to the high number of killed and wounded Lakota women and children and the very one-sided casualty counts. Estimates of the Lakota losses indicate 150–300 killed, of which up to 200 were women and children. Additionally, as many as 51 were wounded. In contrast, the 7th Cavalry suffered 25 killed and 39 wounded, many being the result of friendly fire.
135:
508:
800:
Eicher, p. 363. Sears, p. 173, cites 75,000 Union troops, with an effective strength of 71,500, with 300 guns; on p. 296, he states that the 12,401 Union casualties were 25% of those who went into action and that McClellan committed "barely 50,000 infantry and artillerymen to the contest"; p. 389, he
810:
Sears, pp. 294–96; Cannan, p. 201. Confederate casualties are estimates because reported figures include undifferentiated casualties at South
Mountain and Shepherdstown; Sears remarks that "there is no doubt that a good many of the 1,771 men listed as missing were in fact dead, buried uncounted in
790:
Wert, p. 246, Eicher, p. 752. Lewis, p. 288, reports Union totals as 5,764 (569 killed, 3,425 wounded, 1,770 missing), Confederates 3,060 (1,860 killed and wounded, 1,200 prisoners). Kennedy, p. 323, reports 5,672 Union, 2,910 Confederate. The NPS battle summary reports 5,665 Union, 2,910
399:. His first wife, Anna Buford Garlington (1864–1954) and his daughter, Sally Garlington Chamberlin (1890–1949), are buried with him. His son, Cresswell Garlington, (1887–1945) was also a brigadier general in the United States Army and is buried in a separate plot at Arlington.
496:. Respectively, Cedar Creek and Antietam involved 52,712 and 113,000 troops, suffering 8,674 and 22,717 casualties. Wounded Knee, however, involved 610 combatants and resulted in as many as 705 casualties (including non-combatants).
450:
Rank and organization: first lieutenant, 7th U.S. Cavalry. Place and date: At
Wounded Knee Creek, S. Dak., December 29, 1890. Entered service at: Athens, Ga. Born: February 20, 1853, Newberry, S.C. Date of issue: September 26, 1893.
820:
Brown, p. 178, Brown states that at the army camp, "the
Indians were carefully counted." Utley, p. 204, gives 120 men, 230 women and children; there is no indication how many were warriors, old men, or incapacitated sick like Big
487:
The Army has also been criticized more generally for the seemingly disproportionate number of Medals of Honor awarded in connection with the battle. For comparison, 20 Medals were awarded at
Wounded Knee, 21 at the
772:
Whitehorne, p. 15. The NPS battle summary lists Union strength of 31,945. Cullen, p. 111, states 35,000 Union effectives, including 10,000 cavalry. Salmon, p. 368, and
Kennedy, p. 319, state 32,000 Union.
1400:
964:
1405:
754:
Green, Jerry (1994). "The Medals of
Wounded Knee". Nebraska State Historical Society, also available in Nebraska History #75, pp. 200–208. Nebraska State Historical Society History.
781:
Whitehorne, p. 17. The NPS battle summary and
Kennedy, p. 319, list Confederate strength of 21,000. Cullen, p. 112, states 18,000 Confederate effectives, including 4,000 cavalry.
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Calvin
Spotted Elk, direct descendant of Chief Spotted Elk killed at Wounded Knee, launched a petition to rescind medals from the soldiers who participated in the battle.
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368:, Inspector General of the Army, on October 1, 1906, after which he served on the General Staff of the Army. In 1908, he conducted the army investigation into the
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He retired due to age on February 20, 1917. However, he served in the office of the chief of staff from April 30 to September 21, 1917.
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on June 25, 1876 and then to Regimental Adjutant June 6, 1877, and served in that post until 1881. He commanded one of the failed
661:"Lakota~WOUNDED KNEE: A Campaign to Rescind Medals: story, pictures and information". Footnote.com. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
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There have been several attempts by various parties to rescind the Medals of Honor awarded in connection with the
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Owens, Ronald J. (2004) Medal of Honor: Historical facts and figures. Turner Publishing Company
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361:. He served in the inspector general position again in the Philippines from 1905 to 1906.
268:. He graduated from the academy in 1876 and was commissioned on June 15 of that year as a
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855:, Thomas Walter Reed, Imprint: Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia, ca. 1949, p. 943"
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Confederate. Salmon, p. 372, reports Union "almost 5,700", Confederate "almost 3,000."
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A Catechism on Cavalry Outposts, Reconnaissance, Patrols, and Advance and Rear Guards
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in 1869; however, he left UGA before graduating to accept an appointment to the
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Inspector General of the Army; member, General Staff of the Army (1906-17)
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Ernest Albert Garlington (w description of his gallantry at Wounded Knee)
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333:, on January 2, 1895. In 1898, Garlington served as inspector general in
233:
673:"Plains Humanities: Wounded Knee Massacre". Retrieved December 9, 2014.
292:
Due to his regiment's heavy losses, Garlington was quickly promoted to
349:. He again served as inspector general from 1899 through 1901 in the
473:
Mass Grave for the Dead Lakota After the Engagement at Wounded Knee
831:"Account of Garlington's Rescue Attempt of the Greely Expedition"
134:
972:
735:"No Medals for massacre: Close the Open Wound of Wounded Knee"
637:"No Medals for Massacre: Close the Open Wound of Wounded Knee"
598:
Burial Detail: Garlington, Ernest A (Section 3, Grave 1735-B)
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American military personnel of the Philippine–American War
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In 1911, he was an observer of the German Army Maneuvers.
280:, but he did not physically join the unit until after the
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16:
US Army general and Medal of Honor recipient (1854–1934)
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American military personnel of the Spanish–American War
345:. In that same year (July 7, 1898), he was promoted to
612:"The Wounded Knee medals of honor should be rescinded"
391:
Garlington died on October 16, 1934 and was buried at
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On December 29, 1890, Garlington was injured while at
284:, which occurred several weeks after his appointment.
1446:
American Indian Wars recipients of the Medal of Honor
664:
527:
List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Indian Wars
252:, a general in the South Carolina militia during the
684:"The 110th Anniversary of the Wounded Knee Massacre"
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on September 23, 1893, for distinguished gallantry.
404:
Historical Sketches of the Seventh Cavalry Regiment
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898:at ArlingtonCemetery.net, an unofficial website
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357:. On March 1, 1901, Garlington was promoted to
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364:The ultimate promotion for Garlington was to
220:(February 20, 1853 – October 16, 1934) was a
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1456:United States Army generals of World War I
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29:
733:Joseph Huff-Hannon (February 12, 2013).
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569:. Pentland Press, Inc. pp. 137–8.
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1391:Military personnel from South Carolina
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402:Books written by Garlington include:
321:Garlington's next promotions were to
1426:People from Newberry, South Carolina
929:October 1, 1906 – February 20, 1917
853:History of the University of Georgia
610:Dana Lone Hill (February 18, 2013).
925:Inspector General of the U. S. Army
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522:List of Medal of Honor recipients
565:Davis, Henry Blaine Jr. (1998).
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228:for his participation in the
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393:Arlington National Cemetery
80:Arlington National Cemetery
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250:Albert Creswell Garlington
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896:Ernest Albert Garlington
871:"A Step Back for Blacks"
460:Distinguished gallantry.
341:and participated in the
246:Newberry, South Carolina
240:Early life and education
218:Ernest Albert Garlington
99:United States of America
51:Newberry, South Carolina
23:Ernest Albert Garlington
446:Medal of Honor citation
355:Philippine–American War
244:Garlington was born in
189:Philippine–American War
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430:Spanish Campaign Medal
490:Battle of Cedar Creek
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425:Indian Campaign Medal
308:Wounded Knee Massacre
288:Early military career
278:United States Cavalry
258:University of Georgia
230:Wounded Knee Massacre
177:Wounded Knee Massacre
122:Years of service
68:San Diego, California
339:Spanish–American War
184:Spanish–American War
172:American Indian Wars
159:7th Cavalry Regiment
1451:Pine Ridge Campaign
935:John L. Chamberlain
837:on October 22, 2016
709:"Wagner...Part Two"
643:. February 12, 2013
641:The Huffington Post
397:Arlington, Virginia
314:, and received the
537:Brownsville Affair
494:Battle of Antietam
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370:Brownsville Affair
347:lieutenant colonel
301:Relief Expeditions
254:American Civil War
222:United States Army
116:United States Army
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932:Succeeded by
910:Military offices
567:Generals in Khaki
366:brigadier general
331:inspector general
270:second lieutenant
256:. He entered the
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139:Brigadier General
48:February 20, 1853
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407:
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390:
382:
374:
363:
320:
312:South Dakota
305:
291:
274:7th Regiment
243:
217:
216:
165:Battles/wars
63:(1934-10-16)
1386:1934 deaths
1381:1853 births
1185:Chamberlain
1000:von Steuben
465:Controversy
379:World War I
353:during the
351:Philippines
337:during the
234:Indian Wars
232:during the
1375:Categories
1330:Mikolashek
1265:Richardson
1180:Garlington
990:du Coudray
576:1571970886
543:References
87:Allegiance
44:1853-02-20
1240:Zimmerman
1115:Mansfield
1105:Churchill
455:Citation:
303:in 1883.
260:(UGA) in
125:1876–1917
1350:Quantock
1340:Whitcomb
1325:Ackerman
1315:Griffith
1300:Thompson
1280:Woodward
1270:Garrison
1255:McDaniel
1215:Peterson
1140:Schriver
1045:Hamilton
1010:De Butts
985:La Balme
880:13 March
718:March 1,
693:March 1,
647:March 1,
621:March 1,
585:40298151
500:See also
105:Service/
1345:Vangjel
1275:Enemark
1250:Pierson
1205:Preston
1190:Helmick
1130:Sackett
1100:Croghan
1085:Gadsden
1055:Nickoll
1050:Cushing
1040:Cushing
1030:Haskell
1015:Rudolph
359:colonel
323:captain
276:of the
272:in the
150:0-13110
1360:Martin
1320:Jordan
1305:Doctor
1295:Trefry
1290:Fuller
1285:Maples
1220:Sultan
1195:Rivers
1175:Burton
1145:Hardie
1110:McCall
1090:Archer
1075:Parker
1070:Winder
1035:Butler
1020:Butler
995:Conway
583:
573:
414:Awards
262:Athens
198:Awards
107:branch
96:
1355:Smith
1335:Green
1310:Corns
1245:Ogden
1230:Craig
1225:Wyche
1170:Vroom
1160:Jones
1155:Baird
1150:Davis
1125:Marcy
1120:Scott
1080:Hayne
1060:Smyth
1025:Mills
1005:North
821:Foot.
327:major
1260:Ives
1235:Noce
1210:Reed
1200:Drum
1095:Wool
1065:Pike
882:2021
875:Time
862:2010
843:2010
720:2015
695:2015
649:2015
623:2015
581:OCLC
571:ISBN
406:and
335:Cuba
155:Unit
130:Rank
70:, US
58:Died
53:, US
38:Born
310:in
248:to
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42:(
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