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580:(ELF) tried to suppress dissident groups that disliked the ELF leadership and wished to break away to form a new insurgency. Dissidents included Christians who resented an alleged Islamic bias in the ELF, inhabitants of the coast with regionalist concerns, and radical Marxists. The ELF failed to suppress the dissident groups, who ultimately united themselves into the
934:
the EPLF, ELF units withdrew from the lines in August of the same year. This created tremendous friction between the fronts which eventually led to the resumption of conflict. By this point the ELF had been drained during the
Ethiopian resurgence after Soviet assistance was leveraged, and were eventually defeated by the EPLF forces in 1981. The
933:
The Second Civil War was executed by the EPLF against the ELF in a bid to protect the flanks of the Front under tremendous pressure from a resurgent
Ethiopia. In 1980, the ELF had entered into secret negotiations with the Soviet Union to end the war. Furthermore, on defence of the Sahel stronghold of
771:
coast. Eventually this conflict spread further into the highlands until in
October 1974 calls for the conflict to stop were finally heeded after a battle at Woki left 600 fighters dead. These calls for peace came from local villagers at a time when the independence movement was close to victory over
624:
This organization was socialist in nature, however attracted mostly Muslim fighters in the early 1960s. By the late 1960s, the frustration with the dissolution of the federation had pushed
Eritrean Christians to join the fight for independence. Integration of Christian fighters under Muslim
612:
under great domestic controversy. Throughout the federation the autonomy of
Eritrea was whittled away until it was no longer legal to teach in all of Eritrea's tongues. With increasing divisiveness being sown in the local press between Christians and Muslims the ELF was formed in
628:
This friction lead to the separation of parts of ELF from the ELF Command, sparking a military conflict. In the words of the ELF command, the purpose of the conflict was, "...to assert the continuation of the revolution through the liquidation of counter-revolution..."
147:
766:
The First Civil War was fought by the ELF against the nascent organizations of the
Popular Liberation Forces that were formerly under the command of the ELF and the Obel group. Fighting began in February 1972 and spread through lowlands, particularly the
599:
when it appeared that the ELF were attempting to negotiate a peace deal with the enemy Soviet and
Ethiopian governments. The ELF was defeated and pushed out of Eritrea. The remnants of the ELF withdrew to the Sudan.
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commanders did not go well and the regional emphasis of the ELF caused friction between the old guard and the new radical students.
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also assisted in driving the ELF out of
Eritrea. They were eventually pushed across the border into the Sudan.
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Ethiopia. The ELF and EPLF negotiated an agreement at
Koazien in January 1975 in which they agreed to fight the
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together. There were around 3,000 casualties from this civil war, more than the
Eritreans had lost
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were two conflicts that were fought between competing organizations for the liberation of
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From Guerrillas to Government: The Eritrean People's Liberation Front
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1013:"How Eritrea fuels the civil war in Ethiopia – DW – 10/15/2022"
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by a number of Eritrean Muslim intellectuals in 1960.
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Evil Days: Thirty Years of War and Famine in Ethiopia
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Evil Days: Thirty Years of War and Famine in Ethiopia
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1075:Harris, Paul. "Eritrea: A Small War in Africa".
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16:1972–1974 and 1980–1981 conflicts in Eritrea
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1032:"Liquidation of Counter-Revolution".
780:for thirteen years up to this point.
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1202:"Eritrea—Hope For Africa's Future".
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
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1186:
783:
13:
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989:"Eritrean and Ethiopian Civil War"
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591:was fought from 1980 to 1981. The
582:Eritrean People's Liberation Front
576:was fought from 1972 to 1974. The
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166:: February 1972 – 13 October 1974
1189:Historical Dictionary of Eritrea
1164:Historical Dictionary of Eritrea
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660:February 1972 – 13 October 1974
171:: February 1980 – 24 March 1981
139:conflicts in the Horn of Africa
34:needs additional citations for
1242:Civil wars of the 20th century
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1134:. Human Rights Watch. p.
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1100:. Human Rights Watch. p.
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452:Somaliland War of Independence
198:: ELF fails to suppress rivals
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815:February 1980 – 24 March 1981
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1227:Eritrean War of Independence
964:Eritrean War of Independence
798:Eritrean War of Independence
684:ELF fails to suppress rivals
647:Eritrean War of Independence
508:Djiboutian–Eritrean conflict
344:Eritrean War of Independence
131:Eritrean War of Independence
7:
1128:Waal, Alexander De (1991).
1094:Waal, Alexander De (1991).
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1166:. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow.
1050:Pool, David (2001-12-01).
1054:. Ohio University Press.
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578:Eritrean Liberation Front
383:Ethiopian–Somali conflict
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203:: ELF decisively defeated
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640:First Eritrean Civil War
574:First Eritrean Civil War
513:Ethiopian civil conflict
1232:20th century in Eritrea
839:ELF decisively defeated
778:fighting the government
610:federated with Ethiopia
484:Hanish Islands conflict
890:Commanders and leaders
724:Commanders and leaders
489:Eritrean–Ethiopian War
474:Second Afar insurgency
366:Somali–Kenyan conflict
356:1961 revolt in Somalia
254:Commanders and leaders
1237:Civil wars in Eritrea
1162:Killion, Tom (1998).
1077:Combat & Survival
1034:The Eritrean Struggle
903:Ahmed Mohammed Nasser
755:Casualties and losses
737:Ahmed Mohammed Nasser
608:In 1952, Eritrea was
388:1963 Ogaden Rebellion
332:in the Horn of Africa
267:Ahmed Mohammed Nasser
58:"Eritrean Civil Wars"
774:Ethiopian government
502:OEF – Horn of Africa
462:Insurgency in Ogaden
457:Djiboutian Civil War
43:improve this article
802:Ethiopian Civil War
563:Eritrean Civil Wars
550:Al-Fashaga conflict
435:Puntland–Somaliland
420:Ethiopian Civil War
349:Eritrean civil wars
135:Ethiopian Civil War
124:Eritrean Civil Wars
1083:(7): October 1998.
987:Cousin, Tracey L.
969:History of Eritrea
479:Gedeo–Guji clashes
185:Socialist Ethiopia
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60: –
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54:Find sources:
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38:
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32:This article
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996:. Retrieved
992:
982:
932:
926:Meles Zenawi
848:Belligerents
796:Part of the
765:
693:Belligerents
645:Part of the
627:
623:
607:
588:
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445:2009–present
348:
290:Meles Zenawi
212:Belligerents
200:
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168:
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129:Part of the
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
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53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1210:(10): 1996.
518:Afar–Somali
361:Bale revolt
1221:Categories
998:2007-09-03
975:References
760:3,000 dead
604:Background
538:Tigray war
328:Post-1960
69:newspapers
430:Rebellion
330:conflicts
942:See also
829:Ethiopia
820:Location
800:and the
674:Ethiopia
665:Location
584:(EPLF).
176:Location
769:Red Sea
567:Eritrea
467:2007–08
440:2006–09
83:scholar
1170:
1142:
1116:wolki.
1108:
1058:
836:Result
681:Result
398:Ogaden
371:Shifta
192:Result
133:, the
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
619:Egypt
615:Cairo
376:Rhamu
90:JSTOR
76:books
1168:ISBN
1140:ISBN
1106:ISBN
1056:ISBN
936:TPLF
884:TPLF
873:EPLF
812:Date
718:EPLF
657:Date
593:EPLF
587:The
572:The
561:The
403:1982
393:1964
248:TPLF
237:EPLF
183:and
160:Date
137:and
62:news
861:ELF
706:ELF
597:ELF
225:ELF
45:by
1223::
1206:.
1154:^
1138:.
1136:42
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1104:.
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1042:^
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320:e
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106:(
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97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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