407:. Each zone is headed by a general, who reportedly have gained considerable political power at the expense of the local civil administrations since the war with Ethiopia. Deputy commanders of zones are selected for their loyalty to President Isaias Afwerki, who uses them to maintain control. The zones include the following: Gasha-Barka (Zone 1), West (Zone 2), South (Zone 3), East (Zone 4), Center (Zone 5). Asmara, the capital, is included in the latter zone. Later on these zones were reformed into three new ones, the Central, Eastern, and Western fronts. A military training camp is located near
399:
mechanized brigade, and one commando division (the latter two had been created in 1991). The sources are unclear on whether the four corps still exist or not. There is also a
Presidential Guard which includes three units of about 2,000 men. These serve as the president's personal security and are given better pay and equipment, also being used to guard political prisoners. In total these forces are estimated to number between 250,000 and 300,000 men, including large numbers of conscripts between the ages of eighteen and fifty. These forces are divided among five
441:. Reportedly, many conscripts live in terrible conditions and are essentially used for slave labor, subjected to severe physical punishments for trying to escape, and are at the mercy of their commanders. There were many cases of female conscripts being sexually abused. Requests to leave are met with arrests, detainment, and even torture. As a result, they suffer from morale problems and some Eritreans even leave the country to dodge the draft. By 2017, the numbers of Eritreans fleeing the draft to other countries is reported to have reached the thousands.
310:
1199:
907:
1032:
885:
1619:
1564:
1408:
1255:
1141:
1114:
1059:
983:
854:
696:
526:
43:
1010:
929:
1589:
1172:
602:
956:
616:
609:
595:
588:
581:
769:
760:
753:
746:
737:
574:
567:
437:
paid no more than $ 30 a month. There is no term limit for national service, having been made open-ended in 1998. Although the average term lasts about six years, there are individual cases of soldiers who reported being forced to serve for more than a decade. The large number of troops has also had some effect on the
Eritrean
461:
Indeed, the indefinite duration of national service, its terrible conditions — including arbitrary detention, torture, sexual torture, forced labour, absence of leave and the ludicrous pay — and the implications it has for the possibility of any individual to found a family, conduct a family life and
436:
information sheet from
October 2007 Eritrean national service consists of "approximately six months of military training, followed by a number of years in military or other government service." Besides national defense, conscripts also spend peacetime working on public construction projects. They get
431:
Given the frequent border conflicts between
Eritrea and its neighbors, the army's numbers have always been maintained through conscription with the proclamation on the Eritrean National Service, for both men and women between the ages of 18 and 40, a policy officially introduced by President Afwerki
391:
ranks. This hampered the development of the military as an institution and was done so that he could play them off against each other and maintain the army's loyalty to him personally. Due to the president frequently shifting the organization and assignments of senior commanders and chiefs of staff,
449:
or to a lesser extent, Ethiopia. Many reservists have refused to attend regular military drills. To address this, in 2014 the
Eritrean government of President Afwerki has pledged to enforce an eighteen-month limit for national service, though there is skepticism on whether or not the promise will
398:
Since 2001 the army has undergone extensive reforms and resulted in the establishment of regional military command zones, which themselves are frequently changed. Currently, as of the late 2000s, the
Eritrean ground forces are organized into four corps consisting of twenty infantry brigades, one
382:
to suggest the structure of the new
Eritrean military. They recommended that the Army should be based on divisions, each headed by a colonel, with the chief of staff being a major general, and a civilian minister of defense. The working group recommended that the military be professionalized and
221:
from 1998 until 2000, which ended in a partial
Ethiopian military victory and Eritrean boundary line victory. It is widely regarded as one of the largest and more capable armies in Africa, despite the country having a smaller population than most of its neighbors with around 250,000 to 300,000
261:. Eritrea has had several wars and clashes within the last two decades, particularly with Djibouti. In 2008, relations between Eritrea and Djibouti were driven to a point where war was imminent, but open conflict was averted. The Eritrean Army was also involved in the
377:
Information on the structure and formations of the
Eritrean Army is hard to obtain as units are frequently shifted around and reorganized to prevent them from forming loyalties to commanders. In 1992, the President formed a working group of former officers of the
92:
Both men and women 18 years of age are required to perform national service. Conscription was made open ended in 1998 with no set term and many served for more than a decade, but in 2014 the government set 18 months as the limit for national service.
238:
created a force that was able to contend with the largest armed force on the
African continent. When Eritrea gained independence, the country's military was admired as one of the most effective fighting forces not only in Africa but the world.
444:
Desertion has become such a serious problem that entire companies have been "hollowed out" and reduced to the size of platoons as large numbers have soldiers and junior officers have fled, often to either neighboring
392:
as well as the lack of official documents recording them, putting together a complete picture of the structure of the Eritrean Army is difficult and largely relies on reports from former senior military officers.
301:, with little or no logistical support". By the end of the war, the Eritrean contingent was starving, exhausted, and ill; it had suffered numerous casualties due to the adverse conditions of the country.
723:
553:
450:
actually be implemented. The government has stated that the duration of national service is necessary due to the continued hostilities and illegal occupation of Eritrean territory by Ethiopia.
2021:
Eritrea: The Eritrean Army structure, including its units, ranks, functions; whether all divisions of the army are involved in military operations; military activity in Asab, Gash and Tsorona
1721:
269:
rebels with weaponry, training, and intelligence. In some cases, the Eritreans even sent covert expeditionary forces into Sudan to directly fight alongside the insurgents against the
414:
In 2012 the government has taken an extra measure of establishing a "people's militia" for the older segment of the population, men aged sixty and women aged seventy, and under.
1742:
716:
546:
1874:
709:
539:
395:
In February 1991 the divisions of the EPLA were subordinated to four corps, the 161st, 271st, 381st, and 491st. During the 1990s there were a total of 24 divisions.
286:
1848:
2096:
2067:
1265:
120 T-55As were ordered in 2004 from Bulgaria and delivered in 2005 (the vehicles were previously in Bulgarian service). 270 T-55As are in service.
265:
during which the Eritrean government supported and organised various anti-Sudanese rebel groups. Most notably, the Eritrean military provided the
242:
During the Eritrean struggle for independence, the EPLF fought several large scale battles towards the end of the war. The most decisive were the
2054:
2352:
222:
personnel due to mandatory national service. Conscription became open ended since the war with Ethiopia and no demobilization has taken place.
197:
is defense from external aggressors, border security, and developing national cohesion. Historically, the predecessor of the Eritrean Army, the
2214:
1718:
2085:
209:. Since then, the army has continued to be involved in low-level border conflicts with Ethiopia and several other neighbors, including
2290:
1808:
1794:
2383:
2023:
258:
137:
2135:
417:
Since the military region commanders report directly to the President, the office of Defense Minister is largely ceremonial.
231:
198:
1608:
1474:
253:
Since its independence in 1992, Eritrea has taken part in multiple wars and clashes with its neighbors. Most notably the
2469:
2444:
2222:
2157:
359:
266:
2434:
1553:
462:
have favourable conditions of work make national service an institution where slavery-like practices are routine.
2237:
2315:
1875:"Issue 23: Open-Ended Conscription in Eritrea's National Military Service: Here is How to Improve the Policy"
1769:
1822:
387:
ignored most of their advice, however, and promoted 37 former combatants of the war for independence to the
2488:
432:
in 1995. Thus Eritrea has remained in a state of mobilization since the wars with Ethiopia. According to a
274:
235:
206:
117:
2097:'If we don’t give them a voice, no one will': Eritrea's forgotten journalists, still jailed after 14 years
2035:
383:
institutionalized, maintaining small numbers due to Eritrea's limited resources and small size. President
2414:
1457:
1051:
1332:
250:
in 1990. These battles saw the collision of major units of the EPLF versus a conventional armed force.
133:
2356:
1440:
1314:
495:
404:
262:
125:
1849:"Open-ended Conscription in Eritrea's National Military Service: Here is How to Improve the Policy"
1497:
1428:
1397:
1133:
1106:
320:
247:
2461:
1781:
1696:
475:
426:
186:
121:
2278:
650:
379:
218:
1638:
975:
297:, this was "an extraordinary feat, especially for soldiers who walked the entire distance in
270:
2294:
2258:
254:
2415:"Sudan: Global Trade, Local Impact. Arms Transfers to all Sides in the Civil War in Sudan"
201:(EPLF), played a major role in establishing and defending the country's independence from
8:
2387:
801:
478:. Since 2002, Eritrean youths are forced to do unlimited military service which includes
433:
640:
438:
341:
332:
324:
309:
2465:
2440:
2218:
2163:
2153:
2131:
1092:
1078:
660:
630:
457:
report documented extensive human rights abuses within the Eritrean army and stated:
400:
2436:
The Eritrean National Service: Servitude for 'the Common Good' and the Youth Exodus
1244:
655:
285:
at the time. The Eritreans took part in the entire campaign, fighting with the pro-
243:
2455:
2068:
Israeli Government to Appeal Ruling Giving Eritrean Army Deserters Refugee Status
1725:
1073:
781:
388:
298:
278:
129:
2020:
1921:
1757:
2327:
1650:
1423:
1046:
1002:
970:
890:
806:
786:
454:
384:
290:
2482:
2040:
1548:
1204:
1155:
1128:
912:
846:
625:
159:
2167:
277:. Furthermore, the Eritrean Army sent one of its battalions to fight in the
1624:
1569:
1509:
1413:
1392:
1260:
1146:
1119:
1064:
988:
948:
943:
859:
645:
479:
337:
294:
68:
483:
2055:
Eritrea's prolonged national service a defense measure against Ethiopia
1492:
1191:
899:
141:
1956:
1578:
1479:
1445:
1288:
921:
1603:
1462:
796:
791:
482:. In September the same year, Eritrean government arrested leading
210:
202:
411:. Large forces are still kept near the disputed Ethiopian border.
2072:
1633:
1357:
1239:
1037:
635:
194:
169:
156:
48:
1760:. Awate.com. Published 3 April 2014. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
1719:
Eritrea Is The Worst Place In The World To Serve In The Military
1968:
1594:
1345:
1300:
1283:
1187:
1177:
1164:
1024:
1015:
934:
877:
601:
471:
467:
282:
230:
The current Eritrean army is an outgrowth of the revolutionary
190:
768:
759:
752:
745:
736:
615:
608:
594:
587:
580:
1327:
1309:
1101:
961:
868:
573:
566:
446:
408:
234:(EPLF). The trial by fire experienced by the EPLF during the
214:
2457:
Understanding Eritrea: Inside Africa's Most Repressive State
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1270:
1087:
289:
alliance and covering over 1,500 km. According to the
58:
2130:. Jane's Information Group; 35 edition (27 January 2009).
1322:
Eritrea is believed to have received some from Ethiopia.
1182:
Russian KBP contracted to deliver 80 Kornet-E launchers.
997:
841:
2026:. Published 5 February 2008. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
1992:
1893:
1772:. Madote.com. 19 March 2014. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
2086:
State Repression and Indefinite Conscription in Eritrea
1784:. TesfaNews. 19 March 2014. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
2044:. Published 10 March 2014. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
1980:
1944:
1932:
486:and leaving only the pro government media to work.
403:, as defined in 1965 by the supreme council of the
1823:"In Eritrea, youth say frustrated by long service"
1728:. Taskandpurpose.com. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
2480:
1770:Eritrea Appoints New Chief of Staff and Minister
2353:"ERITREA AND THE MANPADS | Ottawa Citizen"
2150:The Illustrated Directory of 20th Century Guns
2215:International Institute for Strategic Studies
1745:. Defenceweb.com. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
1699:. Global Security. Accessed 26 February 2018.
1517:Transferred from Belarus to Eritrea in 2007.
717:
547:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2053:Abdur Rahman Alfa Shaban (8 February 2018).
1214:
2291:"The Russian BMP-1 IFV Family of vehicles"
2057:. Africa News. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
724:
710:
554:
540:
2371:
2101:
2016:
2014:
1487:Acquired from Bulgaria in 1999 and 2004.
360:Learn how and when to remove this message
2309:
2272:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2432:
2412:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2024:Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
2005:
1974:
1962:
1950:
1908:
1753:
1751:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
2481:
2231:
2147:
2011:
217:, with the most notable one being the
2453:
2242:
1986:
1938:
764:
741:
732:
562:
489:
2174:
1748:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1702:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
466:Many Eritrean draft dodgers fled to
303:
189:and is one of the largest armies in
2320:
1782:Eritrea Appoints New Chief of Staff
819:
420:
138:Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict
13:
325:link to broken or outdated sources
232:Eritrean People's Liberation Front
199:Eritrean People's Liberation Front
80:(including conscripts and militia)
14:
2500:
2332:Federation Of American Scientists
2128:Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010
1922:"Eritrea army 'entered Djibouti'"
1731:
1675:
1278:Received a number from Ethiopia.
2328:"Fas.org missile watch document"
1617:
1609:Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun
1587:
1562:
1406:
1340:Acquired from Bulgaria in 2005.
1253:
1197:
1170:
1139:
1112:
1057:
1030:
1008:
981:
954:
927:
905:
883:
852:
767:
758:
751:
744:
735:
694:
614:
607:
600:
593:
586:
579:
572:
565:
524:
308:
41:
16:Ground military force of Eritrea
2345:
2283:
2259:"SIPRI Arms Transfers Database"
2141:
2090:
2079:
2066:Lior, Ilan (27 February 2017).
2060:
2047:
2029:
1914:
1867:
1841:
1554:Man-portable air-defense system
372:
281:due to Eritrea's alliance with
193:. The main role of the army in
2238:Deagel article on 9M133 Kornet
1965:, pp. 4–5, 21, 59, 60–61.
1815:
1801:
1787:
1775:
1763:
1523:
1:
2076:. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
1809:"Africa: Largest armies 2023"
1795:"Africa: Largest armies 2023"
1717:Adwar, Corey (30 June 2015).
340:or discuss this issue on the
259:border conflict with Djibouti
2413:Connell, Dan (August 1998).
2152:. London: Salamander Books.
1367:
814:
275:Operation Thunderbolt (1997)
236:Eritrean War of Independence
207:Eritrean War of Independence
118:Eritrean War of Independence
7:
1758:Crisis In The Eritrean Army
1052:General-purpose machine gun
474:since the beginning of the
10:
2505:
1663:
1333:Armoured personnel carrier
680:
664:
620:
510:
493:
424:
225:
185:is the main branch of the
2279:Deagel article on T-54/55
1637:
1615:
1552:
1496:
1404:
1349:
1331:
1315:Infantry fighting vehicle
1292:
1287:
1251:
1243:
1215:Armored fighting vehicles
1137:
1132:
1055:
1001:
850:
845:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
773:
766:
757:
750:
743:
734:
691:
686:
683:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
613:
606:
599:
592:
585:
578:
571:
564:
521:
516:
513:
496:Military ranks of Eritrea
405:Eritrean Liberation Front
263:Second Sudanese Civil War
165:
152:
147:
126:Second Sudanese Civil War
113:
74:
64:
54:
36:
28:
23:
2439:. Boydell & Brewer.
2406:
1977:, pp. 5, 59, 60–61.
1668:
1498:Multiple rocket launcher
1418:Acquired from Bulgaria.
1134:Anti-tank guided missile
1107:Rocket propelled grenade
511:General / flag officers
2462:Oxford University Press
2316:Deagel article on BM-27
1639:Towed anti-aircraft gun
1398:Self-propelled howitzer
476:European migrant crisis
427:Conscription in Eritrea
187:Eritrean Defence Forces
122:Hanish Islands conflict
2454:Plaut, Martin (2016).
2433:Kibreab, Gaim (2017).
2148:Miller, David (2001).
464:
380:Ethiopian Armed Forces
219:Ethiopian-Eritrean War
172:Philipos Woldeyohannes
134:Eritrean–Ethiopian War
2217:. 2021. p. 464.
2036:Miserable and useless
976:Semi-automatic pistol
501:Commissioned Officers
459:
271:Sudanese Armed Forces
2384:"Eritrea Fact files"
2211:The Military Balance
1724:16 June 2018 at the
102:$ 290 million (2006)
2489:Military of Eritrea
1881:. 20 September 2019
1855:. 25 September 2019
802:Private first class
434:US State Department
338:addressing link rot
333:improve the article
205:in 1991 during the
166:Army Chief of Staff
153:Minister of Defense
2422:Human Rights Watch
2297:on 7 December 2011
2126:Jones, Richard D.
1429:Self-propelled gun
641:Lieutenant colonel
490:Ranks and insignia
2136:978-0-7106-2869-5
2008:, pp. 37–40.
1989:, pp. 54–55.
1911:, pp. 41–43.
1879:horninstitute.org
1661:
1660:
1521:
1520:
1365:
1364:
1212:
1211:
1093:Heavy machine gun
1079:Light machine gun
812:
811:
668:
667:
661:Second lieutenant
631:Brigadier general
370:
369:
362:
273:, for example in
255:war with Ethiopia
248:Battle of Massawa
176:
175:
81:
2496:
2475:
2450:
2429:
2419:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2386:. Archived from
2380:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2359:on 25 April 2012
2355:. Archived from
2349:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2324:
2318:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2293:. Archived from
2287:
2281:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2255:
2240:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2207:
2172:
2171:
2145:
2139:
2124:
2099:
2094:
2088:
2083:
2077:
2064:
2058:
2051:
2045:
2033:
2027:
2018:
2009:
2003:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1746:
1740:
1729:
1715:
1700:
1694:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1528:
1527:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1372:
1371:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1245:Main battle tank
1219:
1218:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1014:
1012:
1011:
987:
985:
984:
960:
958:
957:
933:
931:
930:
911:
909:
908:
889:
887:
886:
858:
856:
855:
824:
823:
820:Infantry weapons
771:
762:
755:
748:
739:
726:
719:
712:
700:
698:
697:
675:
674:
656:First lieutenant
618:
611:
604:
597:
590:
583:
576:
569:
556:
549:
542:
530:
528:
527:
517:Junior officers
514:Senior officers
505:
504:
421:National service
365:
358:
354:
351:
345:
335:
312:
304:
246:in 1988 and the
244:Battle of Afabet
79:
78:250,000–300,000
47:
45:
44:
21:
20:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2479:
2478:
2472:
2447:
2417:
2409:
2404:
2403:
2393:
2391:
2390:on 2 April 2012
2382:
2381:
2372:
2362:
2360:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2336:
2334:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2314:
2310:
2300:
2298:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2277:
2273:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2256:
2243:
2236:
2232:
2225:
2209:
2208:
2175:
2160:
2146:
2142:
2125:
2102:
2095:
2091:
2084:
2080:
2065:
2061:
2052:
2048:
2034:
2030:
2019:
2012:
2004:
1993:
1985:
1981:
1973:
1969:
1961:
1957:
1949:
1945:
1937:
1933:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1907:
1894:
1884:
1882:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1858:
1856:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1832:
1830:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1780:
1776:
1768:
1764:
1756:
1749:
1741:
1732:
1726:Wayback Machine
1716:
1703:
1695:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1618:
1616:
1604:ZSU-23-4 Shilka
1588:
1586:
1563:
1561:
1526:
1480:Towed field gun
1446:Towed field gun
1407:
1405:
1370:
1254:
1252:
1217:
1198:
1196:
1171:
1169:
1140:
1138:
1113:
1111:
1074:RPD machine gun
1058:
1056:
1031:
1029:
1009:
1007:
982:
980:
955:
953:
928:
926:
906:
904:
884:
882:
853:
851:
822:
817:
782:Master Sergeant
730:
705:
695:
693:
560:
535:
525:
523:
498:
492:
429:
423:
389:general officer
375:
366:
355:
349:
346:
331:
329:
313:
279:First Congo War
228:
179:
140:
136:
132:
130:First Congo War
128:
124:
120:
108:
106:Percent of GDP:
103:
101:
96:
95:
94:
90:
82:
42:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2502:
2492:
2491:
2477:
2476:
2470:
2451:
2445:
2430:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2370:
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2308:
2282:
2271:
2241:
2230:
2223:
2173:
2158:
2140:
2100:
2089:
2078:
2059:
2046:
2028:
2010:
2006:Kibreab (2017)
1991:
1979:
1975:Connell (1998)
1967:
1963:Connell (1998)
1955:
1951:Connell (1998)
1943:
1931:
1913:
1909:Kibreab (2017)
1892:
1866:
1840:
1829:. 18 July 2008
1814:
1800:
1786:
1774:
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1495:
1489:
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1471:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:Towed howitzer
1460:
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1424:2S5 Giatsint-S
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1054:
1049:
1047:PK machine gun
1043:
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1040:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1005:
1003:Submachine gun
1000:
994:
993:
991:
978:
973:
971:Makarov pistol
967:
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946:
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891:Czechoslovakia
880:
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871:
865:
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838:
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834:
831:
828:
821:
818:
816:
813:
810:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
787:Staff Sergeant
784:
778:
777:
772:
765:
763:
756:
749:
742:
740:
733:
731:
729:
728:
721:
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689:
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494:Main article:
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425:Main article:
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385:Isaias Afwerki
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291:Horn of Africa
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2069:
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2043:
2042:
2041:The Economist
2037:
2032:
2025:
2022:
2017:
2015:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1988:
1983:
1976:
1971:
1964:
1959:
1952:
1947:
1941:, p. 77.
1940:
1935:
1928:. 6 May 2008.
1927:
1923:
1917:
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1853:Africa Portal
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1697:Eritrean Army
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1549:9K32 Strela-2
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1205:United States
1195:
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1186:
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1168:
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1163:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1156:9M113 Konkurs
1154:
1153:
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1148:
1135:
1130:
1129:9M14 Malyutka
1127:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1110:
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1103:
1100:
1099:
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913:United States
903:
901:
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894:
892:
881:
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875:
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870:
867:
866:
863:
861:
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847:Assault rifle
843:
840:
839:
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832:
829:
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808:
803:
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754:
747:
738:
727:
722:
720:
715:
713:
708:
707:
704:
703:
702:Eritrean Army
690:
677:
676:
670:
669:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
626:Major general
623:
617:
610:
603:
596:
589:
582:
575:
568:
557:
552:
550:
545:
543:
538:
537:
534:
533:
532:Eritrean Army
520:
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412:
410:
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401:command zones
396:
393:
390:
386:
381:
364:
361:
353:
350:November 2021
343:
339:
334:
327:
326:
322:
317:This section
315:
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208:
204:
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188:
184:
183:Eritrean Army
178:Military unit
171:
168:
164:
161:
160:Sebhat Ephrem
158:
155:
151:
146:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
116:
112:
107:
104:
100:
85:
84:Military age:
77:
73:
70:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
50:
39:
35:
31:
27:
24:Eritrean Army
22:
19:
2456:
2435:
2425:
2421:
2392:. Retrieved
2388:the original
2361:. Retrieved
2357:the original
2347:
2335:. Retrieved
2331:
2322:
2311:
2299:. Retrieved
2295:the original
2285:
2274:
2262:. Retrieved
2233:
2210:
2149:
2143:
2127:
2092:
2081:
2071:
2062:
2049:
2039:
2031:
1987:Plaut (2016)
1982:
1970:
1958:
1953:, p. 2.
1946:
1939:Plaut (2016)
1934:
1925:
1916:
1883:. Retrieved
1878:
1869:
1857:. Retrieved
1852:
1843:
1831:. Retrieved
1826:
1817:
1803:
1789:
1777:
1765:
1625:Soviet Union
1570:Soviet Union
1510:BM-27 Uragan
1414:Soviet Union
1393:2S1 Gvozdika
1261:Soviet Union
1190:-C Improved
1147:Soviet Union
1120:Soviet Union
1065:Soviet Union
989:Soviet Union
949:Battle rifle
944:Beretta BM59
860:Soviet Union
774:
701:
692:
684:Junior NCOs
681:Senior NCOs
531:
522:
480:forced labor
465:
460:
452:
443:
430:
416:
413:
397:
394:
376:
373:Organization
356:
347:
318:
295:Martin Plaut
252:
241:
229:
182:
180:
105:
98:
97:
89:Conscription
83:
69:Land warfare
18:
2394:14 November
2363:14 November
2301:14 November
1524:Air defense
775:No insignia
678:Rank group
508:Rank group
484:journalists
453:In 2015, a
293:journalist
114:Engagements
109:6.3% (2006)
2460:. Oxford:
2337:27 October
2264:27 October
1885:20 October
1859:20 October
1493:BM-21 Grad
900:M16 rifles
148:Commanders
142:Tigray War
1833:15 August
1579:9K38 Igla
1537:Quantity
1381:Quantity
1368:Artillery
1289:Scout car
1228:Quantity
922:IMI Galil
815:Equipment
687:Enlisted
342:talk page
321:citations
2483:Category
2428:(4 (A)).
2168:59522369
1926:BBC News
1722:Archived
1540:Origins
1384:Origins
1346:BTR-60PB
1231:Origins
1165:Kornet-E
833:Origins
797:Corporal
792:Sergeant
671:Enlisted
299:gumboots
211:Djibouti
203:Ethiopia
2073:Haaretz
1827:Reuters
1743:Eritrea
1664:Sources
1634:ZU-23-2
1558:Unknown
1358:BTR-152
1275:Unknown
1240:T-54/55
1038:Belgium
807:Private
651:Captain
636:Colonel
439:economy
330:Please
226:History
195:Eritrea
170:General
157:General
99:Budget:
49:Eritrea
37:Country
29:Founded
2468:
2443:
2221:
2166:
2156:
2134:
1622:
1595:Russia
1592:
1567:
1543:Notes
1411:
1387:Notes
1301:BRDM-2
1284:BRDM-1
1258:
1234:Notes
1202:
1188:BGM-71
1178:Russia
1175:
1144:
1117:
1062:
1035:
1025:FN P90
1016:Israel
1013:
986:
959:
935:Israel
932:
910:
888:
878:vz. 58
857:
836:Notes
699:
529:
472:Israel
468:Europe
283:Rwanda
191:Africa
46:
2418:(PDF)
2407:Books
1669:Notes
1534:Type
1531:Name
1378:Type
1375:Name
1328:MT-LB
1310:BMP-1
1225:Type
1222:Name
1102:RPG-7
962:Italy
869:AK-47
830:Type
827:Name
646:Major
447:Sudan
409:Assab
323:that
319:uses
215:Yemen
2466:ISBN
2441:ISBN
2396:2011
2365:2011
2339:2014
2303:2011
2266:2014
2219:ISBN
2164:OCLC
2154:ISBN
2132:ISBN
1887:2022
1861:2022
1835:2023
1651:S-60
1475:M-46
1458:D-30
1441:D-44
1271:T-62
1088:DShK
470:and
287:AFDL
267:SPLA
257:and
213:and
181:The
75:Size
65:Role
59:Army
55:Type
32:1991
1319:15
1293:100
1249:270
1192:TOW
998:Uzi
842:AKM
336:by
86:18
2485::
2464:.
2426:10
2424:.
2420:.
2373:^
2330:.
2244:^
2213:.
2176:^
2162:.
2103:^
2070:.
2038:.
2013:^
1994:^
1924:.
1895:^
1877:.
1851:.
1825:.
1750:^
1733:^
1704:^
1677:^
1655:12
1643:50
1613:50
1583:50
1502:35
1484:30
1467:50
1450:80
1433:13
1402:32
1350:25
1337:10
455:UN
2474:.
2449:.
2398:.
2367:.
2341:.
2305:.
2268:.
2227:.
2170:.
2138:.
1889:.
1863:.
1837:.
1811:.
1797:.
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725:e
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711:v
555:e
548:t
541:v
363:)
357:(
352:)
348:(
344:.
328:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.