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716:—inherited ornamented pillars of significant mystical value—which his father had brought from Norway. When Erik had finished building his new home, he went back to retrieve his pillars from Thorgest; however, Thorgest refused to return them to Erik, and so Erik then went to Breidabolstadr and took the pillars back. As a result, Thorgest and his men gave chase, and in the ensuing fight Erik slew both of Thorgest's sons as well as "some other men". After this conflict both Erik and Thorgest kept close a large number of allies.
991:, although Erik's son Thorvald, his daughter Freydís and Karlsefni's wife Gudrid play key roles in the retelling. Another notable difference is the location of their settlements. According to the Grœnlendinga saga, Karlsefni and the others settled in a place that is referred to only as Vinland, while in Erik the Red's saga they formed two base settlements: Straumfjǫrðr where they spent the winter and the following spring, and Hop where they later settled but ran into problems with the natives they called
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709:(slaves) caused a landslide on a neighboring farm belonging to a man named Valthjof, and Valthjof's friend, Eyjolf the Foul, killed the thralls. In retaliation, Erik killed Eyjolf as well as Hrfan the Dueller (Holmgang-Hrafn). Kinsmen of Eyjolf sought legal prosecution and Erik was later banished from Haukadale for killing Eyjolf the Foul around the year 982.
654:, Norway in 950 CE, and was the son of Thorvald Asvaldsson (also spelled Osvaldsson). Thorvald would later be banished from Norway for committing acts of manslaughter. Thorvald would then proceed to sail west from Norway with his family, including a 10-year-old Erik. Thorvald and his family would eventually settle in
835:
Erik's salesmanship of
Greenland proved successful as after spending the winter in Iceland Erik returned to Greenland in the summer of 985 with a large number of colonists. However, out of 25 ships that left for Greenland, 11 were lost at sea; only 14 arrived. The Icelanders established two colonies
856:
grew, but many suggest it formed part of the
Western Settlement. The Eastern and Western Settlements, both established on the southwest coast, proved the only two areas suitable for farming. During the summers, when the weather was more favorable to travel, each settlement would send an army of men
831:
When Erik returned to
Iceland after his exile had expired, he is said to have brought with him stories of "Greenland". Erik purposefully gave the land a more appealing name than "Iceland" as "people would be attracted to go there if it had a favorable name", per Erik's own words. Erik knew that the
805:
had also visited
Greenland and attempted to settle there. According to a saga that has now been lost to time, Galti headed the first Norse attempt to colonize Greenland, of which ended in failure for Galti and his party due to the many unforgiving hardships that they faced during the winter on the
749:–and invited his father on the voyage. However, according to the sagas, Erik fell off his horse on the way to the ship and took this as a bad sign, leaving his son to continue without him. Erik later died in an epidemic that killed many of the colonists in the winter after his son's departure.
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There are numerous parallels between the Saga of Erik the Red and the
Greenland saga, including recurring characters and recountings of the same expeditions, though with a few notable differences. The saga of Erik the Red portrays a number of the expeditions in the Greenland saga as just one
720:
Styr gave assistance to Eirik, as also did Eyjolf, of Sviney, Thorbjorn
Vifilsson, and the sons of Thorbrand, of Alptafjordr (Swanfirth). But the sons of Thord Gellir, as also Thorgeir, of Hitardalr (Hotdale), Aslak, of Langadalr (Longdale), and Illugi, his son, gave assistance to Thorgest.
828:, Erik spent his three years of exile exploring this land. The first winter Erik spent on the island of Eiriksey, the second winter he passed in Eiriksholmar (close to Hvarfsgnipa). In the final summer Erik explored as far north as Snaefell and into Hrafnsfjord.
792:
It has been a common mistake for popular history to occasionally credit Erik as being the first
European to discover Greenland, however, the Icelandic sagas suggest that earlier Norsemen discovered and attempted to settle it before him. Tradition credits
277:. Around the year of 982, Erik was exiled from Iceland for three years, during which time he explored Greenland, eventually culminating in his founding of the first successful European settlement on the island. Erik would later die there around 1003
822:, and sailed up the western coast. Eventually, Erik reached a part of the coast that, for the most part, seemed ice-free and consequently had conditions—similar to those of Iceland—that promised growth and future prosperity. According to the
620:
697:. While Erik's wife took heartily to Christianity, even commissioning Greenland's first church, Erik greatly disliked it and stuck to his Norse gods—which, the sagas relate, led Þjódhild to withhold intercourse from her husband.
797:(also known as Gunnbjörn Ulf-Krakuson) with the first sighting of the land-mass. Nearly a century before Erik, strong winds had driven Gunnbjörn towards a set of islands between Iceland and Greenland, later named
627:
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with Erik and his family. During Erik's life in
Iceland, he married Þjódhild Jorundsdottir and would have four children, with one of Erik's sons being the well-known Icelandic explorer
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in his honor. However, the accidental nature of Gunnbjörn's discovery has led to his neglect in the history of
Greenland. After Gunnbjörn, roughly eighty years later the outlaw
674:; Þjódhild was the daughter of Jorundur Ulfsson and Þorbjorg Gilsdottir. Medieval Icelandic tradition relates that Erik and his wife Þjódhild had four children: a daughter,
729:, where Erik and the men that sided with him were outlawed from Iceland for three years; many of these men would then join Erik on his expedition to Greenland.
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island. As a result of Galti's failed expedition, Erik the Red is widely credited to be the first known, and successful, permanent settler of
Greenland.
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that ravaged the colony, killing many of its leading citizens, including Erik himself. Nevertheless, the colony rebounded and survived until the
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escaping overcrowding in Iceland joined the original party. However, one group of immigrants which arrived in 1002 brought with it an
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After his father's death, Erik married Þjódhild Jorundsdottir and moved to Haukadalr (Hawksdale) where he built a farm called
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Similar to his father before him, Erik also found himself exiled for a time. The initial confrontation occurred when Erik's
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had unsuccessfully attempted to settle a few years before. Erik rounded the southern tip of the island, later known as
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The Northmen, Columbus and Cabot, 985–1503: The voyages of the Northmen; The Voyages of Columbus and of John Cabot
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1409:"Grænlendinga Saga." The Vinland Sagas: The Norse Discovery of America. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1973. 47–105.
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moving into the Norse territories, and the colony's abandonment by Norway became other factors in its decline.
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1670:"The Saga of Eric the Red, in the Icelandic Sagas", p. 17. Olson, Julius E. and Edward G. Bourne (editors).
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Erik then moved to Brokey and Öxney (Eyxney) island in Iceland. Erik asked a man named Thorgest to keep his
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The settlement flourished, growing to 5,000 inhabitants spread over a considerable area along
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During his exile, around 982, Erik sailed to a somewhat mysterious and little-known land that
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success of any settlement in Greenland would need the support of as many people as possible.
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693:. Unlike his son Leif and Leif's wife, who became Christians, Erik remained a follower of
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made the land marginal for European life-styles in the 15th century–shortly before
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2015:
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1424:"5: Norse Explorers from Erik the Red to Leif Erikson – Canadian Explorers"
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The dispute between Erik and Thorgest was later resolved at the Thorsnes
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for food and other valuable commodities such as seals (used for rope),
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Across the Top of the World: The Quest for the Northwest Passage
1182:
Cooper Edens: Sea Stories: A Classic Illustrated Edition, 2007,
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Map of the northern region (including some fantasy islands) by
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662:, where Thorvald would eventually die sometime before 970 CE.
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Westviking: The Ancient Norse in Greenland and North America
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In the Hands of a Child: Project Pack Explorers of the World
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of Greenland and became both greatly respected and wealthy.
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230:
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1674:. (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1906). pp. 14–44.
1533:"Full text of "The discovery of America by the Northmen"
38:; this person is properly referred to by the given name
3723:
1163:
The Little Ice Age: How Climate Made History, 1300–1850
19:
This article is about the Viking. For other uses, see
884:
21st-century reproduction of Þjódhild's church, with
1785:"Erik the Red's Land - The Norse in South Greenland"
1503:"Travel in the Footsteps of Erik the Red in Iceland"
1373:
Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
745:–part of North America, presumably near modern-day
781:Summer in the Greenland coast circa the year 1000
741:became the first Norseman to explore the land of
6783:
969:
1132:
1091:
1054:
1043:
1030:
1023:
982:, written by an Icelandic Cleric, 13th century.
5046:
1925:
1880:. Vol. I (1000–1700) (online ed.).
621:
233:sources as having founded the first European
1843:, 28 February 2000. Retrieved 1 August 2007.
1902:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
5053:
5039:
1932:
1918:
907:In the Eastern Settlement, Erik built the
628:
614:
55:
519:Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum
4990:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
1856:. New York: Penguin Group, 2000. 653–74.
1819:, 31 July 2001. Retrieved 1 August 2007.
973:
879:
775:
756:
6857:Scandinavian explorers of North America
4565:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
1743:
1596:. Pegasus Books LLC. pp. 212–213.
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1568:from the original on 24 September 2019
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6832:Icelandic people of Norwegian descent
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1583:
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896:
5916:Cnut the Great's invasion of England
1701:[Saga of the Greenlanders].
1483:from the original on 28 October 2019
1391:from the original on 27 October 2021
1304:[Saga of the Greenlanders].
1296:
1294:
1279:from the original on 28 October 2020
1245:[Saga of the Greenlanders].
1237:
1235:
1210:"Erik the Red – Ages of Exploration"
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1200:
1198:
1196:
249:of his hair and beard. According to
5871:Viking raid on Galicia and Asturias
4351:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
2548:Norse colonization of North America
1874:. In Brown, George Williams (ed.).
1320:
1220:from the original on 1 October 2017
13:
6735:Västergötland Runic Inscription 40
6700:Södermanland Runic Inscription 333
6695:Södermanland Runic Inscription 174
6064:Aud the Deep-Minded (Ketilsdóttir)
3880:United States Exploring Expedition
1764:from the original on 23 April 2023
1688:
1652:from the original on 23 April 2023
1580:
1477:Encyclopedia of World Bibliography
1412:
14:
6883:
4954:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
4322:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
1889:"The Fate of Greenland's Vikings"
1863:
1592:Oliver, Neil (15 November 2014).
1291:
1232:
1193:
312:Leiv Eirikson discovering America
73:details in his weapons and armor.
6842:Norwegian emigrants to Greenland
5266:
4848:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
4241:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
1877:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
1624:from the original on 15 May 2011
1513:from the original on 25 May 2022
1449:[Saga of Erik the Red].
1369:"The Norse Discovery of America"
1344:[Saga of Erik the Red].
640:
305:
1846:
1830:The Fate of Greenland's Vikings
1822:
1802:
1776:
1737:
1717:
1636:
1610:
1550:
1525:
1495:
1465:
1438:
1403:
1107:
1063:
840:or Eystribyggð, in what is now
6837:Norse settlements in Greenland
5886:Sack of Santiago de Compostela
1261:
1214:exploration.marinersmuseum.org
1176:
1156:
1009:
888:in the background. Located in
752:
650:Erik Thorvaldsson was born in
241:. Erik most likely earned the
1:
6812:11th-century Icelandic people
6807:10th-century Icelandic people
6771:Viking Ship Museum (Roskilde)
6725:Uppland Runic Inscription 158
5901:Siege of Constantinople (860)
4227:Japanese Antarctic Expedition
4162:Scottish Antarctic Expedition
3710:
1810:History of Medieval Greenland
1149:
970:Comparisons to Greenland saga
766:
645:
204:
105:
82:
21:Erik the Red (disambiguation)
6690:Småland Runic Inscription 48
6590:Danish Runic Inscription 380
6585:Danish Runic Inscription 154
4584:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
4400:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition
4206:French Antarctic Expeditions
4136:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
4022:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
2140:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
1422:Kudeba, N. (19 April 2014).
1367:Watson, A.D. (August 1923).
1165:, Basic Books, 2002, p. 10.
919:, in what is known today as
836:on the southwest coast: the
816:Snæbjörn galti Hólmsteinsson
809:
7:
6580:Danish Runic Inscription 66
6084:Birka female Viking warrior
5776:Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu
5060:
3669:Nuclear-powered icebreakers
3348:Austro-Hungarian Expedition
2213:Andrée's balloon expedition
1882:University of Toronto Press
1854:The Sagas of the Icelanders
1648:. In the Hands of a Child.
1564:. Government of Greenland.
10:
6888:
6610:Gunnar's bridge runestones
5956:Viking Age arms and armour
5811:Battle of Strangford Lough
5551:Battle of Brentford (1016)
2870:Franklin's lost expedition
2570:Christian IV's expeditions
1952:
1685:. Accessed 8 February 2008
900:
281:during a winter epidemic.
25:
18:
6766:Viking Ship Museum (Oslo)
6753:
6740:Västra Nöbbelöv Runestone
6562:
6429:Sigvaldi Strut-Haraldsson
6264:Hrafna-Flóki Vilgerðarson
6036:
5924:
5801:Battle of Stamford Bridge
5488:
5383:
5313:
5275:
5264:
5068:
4687:
4418:
4005:
3745:
3722:
3718:
3705:
3224:Great Northern Expedition
3118:
2900:Rae–Richardson expedition
2649:
2494:
2100:British Arctic Expedition
1992:
1964:
1960:
1947:
1705:(in Icelandic). Chapter 1
1308:(in Icelandic). Chapter 4
1249:(in Icelandic). Chapter 2
1045:Eiríkur rauði Þorvaldsson
923:. Erik held the title of
187:
165:
157:
139:
131:
121:
101:
78:
54:
47:
30:name. The last name is a
6274:Ingvar the Far-Travelled
6179:Gudrid Thorbjarnardóttir
6013:Raid Warfare and Tactics
5856:Battle of Trans-la-Forêt
5826:Battle of Tara (Ireland)
5796:Battle of Stamford (918)
5791:Battle of Stamford (894)
5696:Battle of Lüneburg Heath
5511:Battle of Anglesey Sound
4508:British Antarctic Survey
4502:Captain Arturo Prat Base
3747:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
1789:www.greenlandbytopas.com
1783:Topas (2 October 2020).
1750:. D & M Publishers.
1681:20 February 2009 at the
1676:Online facsimile edition
1002:
732:
700:
498:Saga of the Greenlanders
6494:Thorfinn Torf-Einarsson
6439:Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye
6169:Godfrid, Duke of Frisia
5896:Siege of Chartres (911)
5746:Battle of Reading (871)
5701:Battle of Lyrskov Heath
5691:Battle of London Bridge
5661:Battle of Hingston Down
4984:Pole of inaccessibility
4647:Antarctic Treaty System
2988:2nd Grinnell expedition
1870:Oleson, T. J. (1979) .
1835:4 November 2012 at the
1828:Dale Mackenzie Brown, "
1744:Delgado, James (2009).
1703:Icelandic Saga Database
1451:Icelandic Saga Database
1346:Icelandic Saga Database
1306:Icelandic Saga Database
1247:Icelandic Saga Database
1119:
1075:
1031:
1024:
848:, close to present-day
253:, Erik was born in the
6802:10th-century explorers
6650:Norra Härene Runestone
6575:Baltic area runestones
6089:Bjørn (floruit 856–58)
5876:Raids in the Rhineland
5686:Battle of Leuven (891)
5676:Battle of Islandbridge
5671:Battle of Hjörungavágr
5571:Battle of Cathair Cuan
1558:"History of Greenland"
1133:
1092:
1055:
1044:
983:
956:voyage to the Americas
893:
789:
773:
723:
678:, and three sons, the
161:Þjódhild Jorundsdottir
6620:Hakon Jarl runestones
6519:Tryggvi the Pretender
6424:Snæfrithr Svásadottir
6359:Ohthere of Hålogaland
6304:Ketil Trout (Iceland)
6124:Eohric of East Anglia
6023:Svinfylking Formation
5831:Battle of Tarbat Ness
5641:Battle of Fýrisvellir
5506:First Battle of Alton
4654:Transglobe Expedition
4553:Operation Deep Freeze
3962:Challenger expedition
2828:Coppermine expedition
2349:Drifting ice stations
1872:"Eirikr Thorvaldsson"
1815:16 April 2015 at the
1428:The History of Canada
999:and his wife Gudrid.
977:
962:raids, conflict with
883:
779:
760:
718:
245:"the Red" due to the
6867:10th-century Vikings
6730:Varangian runestones
6645:Lingsberg Runestones
6625:Hällestad Runestones
6509:Thorolf Kveldulfsson
6469:Styrbjörn the Strong
6404:Rognvald Eysteinsson
6384:Ragnhild Eriksdotter
6149:Freydís Eiríksdóttir
6119:Egill Skallagrímsson
5866:Burning of Luimneach
5841:Battle of Tettenhall
5806:Battle of Stiklestad
5741:Battle of Rastarkalv
5651:Battle of Hafrsfjord
5616:Battle of Englefield
5576:Battle of Chippenham
5566:Battle of Buttington
5561:Battle of Brunanburh
5556:Battle of Brissarthe
1896:"Eric the Red"
1445:Sephton, J. (1880).
1340:Sephton, J. (1880).
980:Saga of Erik the Red
952:Christopher Columbus
825:Saga of Erik the Red
799:Gunnbjörn's skerries
491:Saga of Erik the Red
447:Freydís Eiríksdóttir
409:Kensington Runestone
366:Gunnbjörn's skerries
6847:Norwegian explorers
6827:Icelandic explorers
6675:Sigtrygg Runestones
6665:Runestones of Högby
6570:Ballstorp Runestone
6554:Unn the Deep-Minded
6489:Thorfinn the Mighty
6484:Þorbjörg Lítilvölva
6464:Steinunn Refsdóttir
6254:Hemming Halfdansson
6109:Bjorn the Easterner
5836:Battle of Tempsford
5786:Battle of Stainmore
5766:Battle of Rochester
5706:Battle of Mag Femen
5666:Battle of the Holme
5591:Battle of Corbridge
5546:Battle of Brávellir
5496:Tactics and warfare
5300:Viking ship replica
4824:South magnetic pole
3490:Brusilov expedition
2599:Danish colonization
2037:North magnetic pole
1699:"Grænlendinga saga"
1507:www.carsiceland.com
1447:"Eiríks saga rauða"
1385:1923JRASC..17..257W
1342:"Eiríks saga rauða"
1302:"Grænlendinga saga"
1243:"Grænlendinga saga"
925:paramount chieftain
915:, near present-day
666:Marriage and family
600:William W. Fitzhugh
585:Patricia Sutherland
565:Carl Christian Rafn
314:, 1893 painting by
267:Thorvald Asvaldsson
192:Thorvald Asvaldsson
6705:Sparlösa Runestone
6660:Runestones at Aspa
6655:Orkesta Runestones
6600:England runestones
6219:Halfdan Ragnarsson
6199:Hakon Rognvaldsson
6184:Gunnar Hámundarson
6164:Godfrid Haraldsson
6099:Bjarni Herjólfsson
6049:Amlaíb Cenncairech
6037:Historical figures
5941:Great Heathen Army
5929:and fortifications
5846:Battle of Thetford
5771:Battle of Sasireti
5761:Battle of Ringmere
5646:Battle of Glenmama
5621:Battle of Epiphany
5611:Battle of Edington
5581:Battle of Clontarf
5541:Battle of Benfleet
5521:Battle of Assandun
5358:L'Anse aux Meadows
5183:Old Norse religion
4515:Operation Windmill
4496:Operation Highjump
3471:Rusanov expedition
3376:A. E. Nordenskiöld
3120:North East Passage
2924:McClure expedition
1562:visitgreenland.com
1025:Eiríkr Þórvaldsson
997:Thorfinn Karlsefni
989:Thorfinn Karlsefni
987:expedition led by
984:
978:First page of the
903:Eastern Settlement
897:Eastern Settlement
894:
846:Western Settlement
838:Eastern Settlement
790:
774:
575:Anne Stine Ingstad
526:Book of Icelanders
472:Helgi and Finnbogi
467:Thorfinn Karlsefni
462:Bjarni Herjólfsson
442:Thorvald Eiriksson
356:Western Settlement
351:Eastern Settlement
346:L'Anse aux Meadows
297:Norse colonization
143:Founded the first
61:Erik the Red from
6852:Norwegian sailors
6779:
6778:
6745:Viking runestones
6680:Simris Runestones
6670:Sædinge Runestone
6640:Karlevi Runestone
6630:Ingvar runestones
6605:Greece runestones
6514:Thorstein the Red
6499:Thorkell the Tall
6379:Ragnar Ragnarsson
6284:Ivar the Boneless
6209:Haakon Sigurdsson
6159:Garðar Svavarsson
6144:Eiríkr Hákonarson
6139:Eric I of Denmark
6094:Bjorn Asbrandsson
5981:Gjermundbu helmet
5851:Battle of Thimeon
5821:Battle of Sulcoit
5816:Battle of Svolder
5781:Battle of Skyhill
5751:Battle of Renfrew
5731:Battle of Norditi
5716:Battle of Meretun
5636:Battle of Fulford
5631:Battle of Florvåg
5516:Battle of Ashdown
5243:Viking runestones
5028:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5020:
5019:
4482:Operation Tabarin
4344:Far Eastern Party
4190:Nimrod Expedition
3701:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3260:M. Pronchishcheva
3182:Siberian Cossacks
2651:Northwest Passage
1984:Research stations
1941:Polar exploration
1757:978-1-926706-53-5
1603:978-1-60598-483-4
1509:. 31 March 2022.
1032:Eiríkr hinn rauði
854:Middle Settlement
795:Gunnbjörn Ulfsson
638:
637:
537:Greenlandic Norse
452:Gunnbjörn Ulfsson
393:Alleged artifacts
361:Middle Settlement
201:Erik Thorvaldsson
198:
197:
135:Settler, explorer
63:Arngrímur Jónsson
6879:
6817:Norwegian exiles
6710:Stangeland stone
6685:Sjörup Runestone
6635:Italy runestones
6615:Hagby Runestones
6595:Egtved Runestone
6529:Valtoke Gormsson
6474:Sweyn Asleifsson
6459:Snorri Sturluson
6444:Sigurd the Stout
6389:Ragnall ua Imair
6279:Ingólfr Arnarson
6229:Harald Bluetooth
6214:Halfdan Long-Leg
5756:Battle of Remich
5736:Battle of Pinhoe
5721:Battle of Nesjar
5711:Battle of Maldon
5656:Battle of Helgeå
5626:Battle of Fitjar
5606:Battle of Dollar
5596:Battle of Cynwit
5586:Battle of Confey
5526:Battle of Basing
5391:Viking expansion
5323:North Sea Empire
5270:
5248:Viking Age trade
5123:Germanic deities
5055:
5048:
5041:
5032:
5031:
4529:Ronne Expedition
4014:
4008:
3872:Dumont d'Urville
3720:
3719:
3707:
3706:
3255:V. Pronchishchev
1962:
1961:
1949:
1948:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1898:
1885:
1857:
1850:
1844:
1826:
1820:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1741:
1735:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1695:
1686:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1589:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1430:. Archived from
1419:
1410:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1337:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1298:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1239:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1206:
1191:
1180:
1174:
1160:
1143:
1140:
1129:Modern Icelandic
1111:
1105:
1102:
1088:Modern Icelandic
1067:
1061:
1058:
1051:Modern Norwegian
1047:
1040:Modern Icelandic
1034:
1027:
1013:
934:and neighboring
852:. Eventually, a
771:
768:
763:Abraham Ortelius
658:in northwestern
630:
623:
616:
580:Birgitta Wallace
309:
299:of North America
284:
283:
265:, as the son of
213:
209:
206:
111:(aged around 53)
110:
107:
87:
84:
59:
45:
44:
6887:
6886:
6882:
6881:
6880:
6878:
6877:
6876:
6862:Viking warriors
6822:Germanic pagans
6782:
6781:
6780:
6775:
6749:
6720:Runestone U 582
6558:
6479:Sweyn Forkbeard
6394:Raud the Strong
6354:Orm Storolfsson
6349:Olof Skötkonung
6339:Olav Haraldsson
6334:Olaf Tryggvason
6319:Magnus Barefoot
6299:Ketill Flatnose
6244:Harald Wartooth
6239:Harald Hardrada
6234:Harald Fairhair
6204:Haakon the Good
6032:
6028:Varangian Guard
5928:
5920:
5891:Siege of Asselt
5881:Raid on Seville
5681:Battle of Largs
5601:Battle of Derby
5536:Battle of Bauds
5531:Battle of Barry
5501:Battle of Aclea
5484:
5379:
5315:
5309:
5277:
5271:
5262:
5168:Norse mythology
5116:Younger Futhark
5064:
5059:
5029:
5016:
4691:
4683:
4559:McMurdo Station
4428:Modern research
4426:
4414:
4149:O. Nordenskjöld
4012:
4006:
4001:
3917:Ross expedition
3741:
3714:
3693:
3122:
3114:
2655:Northern Canada
2653:
2645:
2498:
2490:
1996:
1988:
1956:
1943:
1938:
1893:
1866:
1861:
1860:
1851:
1847:
1837:Wayback Machine
1827:
1823:
1817:Wayback Machine
1807:
1803:
1793:
1791:
1781:
1777:
1767:
1765:
1758:
1742:
1738:
1722:
1718:
1708:
1706:
1697:
1696:
1689:
1683:Wayback Machine
1669:
1665:
1655:
1653:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1627:
1625:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1604:
1590:
1581:
1571:
1569:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1541:
1539:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1516:
1514:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1486:
1484:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1456:
1454:
1443:
1439:
1420:
1413:
1408:
1404:
1394:
1392:
1365:
1361:
1351:
1349:
1338:
1321:
1311:
1309:
1300:
1299:
1292:
1282:
1280:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1252:
1250:
1241:
1240:
1233:
1223:
1221:
1208:
1207:
1194:
1181:
1177:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1146:
1112:
1108:
1068:
1064:
1014:
1010:
1005:
972:
905:
899:
812:
783:
769:
755:
735:
703:
668:
648:
643:
634:
605:
604:
550:
542:
541:
485:
477:
476:
427:
419:
418:
394:
386:
385:
376:Tanfield Valley
326:
318:
316:Christian Krohg
298:
251:Icelandic sagas
225:, described in
211:
207:
117:
112:
108:
97:
88:
85:
74:
50:
43:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6885:
6875:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6777:
6776:
6774:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6761:Viking revival
6757:
6755:
6751:
6750:
6748:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6566:
6564:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6374:Ragnar Lodbrok
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6344:Olaf the White
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6104:Björn Ironside
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6040:
6038:
6034:
6033:
6031:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6004:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5932:
5930:
5922:
5921:
5919:
5918:
5913:
5911:Siege of Paris
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5861:Battle of York
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5726:Battle of Niså
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5492:
5490:
5486:
5485:
5483:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5451:
5450:
5445:
5435:
5434:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5393:
5387:
5385:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5366:
5365:
5360:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5338:Orkney Islands
5335:
5330:
5325:
5319:
5317:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5281:
5279:
5278:and navigation
5273:
5272:
5265:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5119:
5118:
5113:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5072:
5070:
5066:
5065:
5058:
5057:
5050:
5043:
5035:
5026:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4998:
4997:
4992:
4980:
4979:
4978:
4976:Vostok Station
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4930:
4929:
4927:Cherry-Garrard
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4892:
4891:
4890:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4844:
4843:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4820:
4819:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4791:
4790:
4789:
4777:
4776:
4775:
4767:Southern Cross
4763:
4762:
4761:
4748:
4747:
4746:
4733:
4728:
4727:
4726:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4697:
4695:
4689:Farthest South
4685:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4676:
4669:
4668:
4667:
4662:
4650:
4643:
4642:
4641:
4640:
4639:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4613:
4612:
4611:
4604:
4599:
4580:
4579:
4578:
4573:
4561:
4556:
4549:
4548:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4525:
4524:
4523:
4511:
4504:
4499:
4492:
4491:
4490:
4478:
4477:
4476:
4464:
4463:
4462:
4450:
4443:
4438:
4432:
4430:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4412:
4411:
4410:
4396:
4395:
4394:
4386:Ross Sea party
4382:
4373:
4372:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4347:
4340:
4339:
4338:
4333:
4318:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4272:
4271:
4270:
4263:
4256:
4251:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4202:
4201:
4200:
4186:
4179:
4178:
4177:
4170:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4104:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4083:
4080:Southern Cross
4073:Southern Cross
4069:
4068:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4017:
4015:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3997:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3958:
3953:
3952:
3951:
3938:
3932:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3891:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3836:
3835:
3823:
3822:
3821:
3819:Bellingshausen
3809:
3802:
3797:
3796:
3795:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3751:
3749:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3716:
3715:
3703:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3689:
3678:
3666:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3646:
3645:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3567:
3566:
3565:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3467:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3128:
3126:
3124:Russian Arctic
3116:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3070:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3006:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2940:
2935:
2920:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2896:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2881:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2739:
2738:
2737:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2659:
2657:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2614:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2566:
2561:
2559:Snæbjörn galti
2556:
2551:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2522:
2515:
2510:
2504:
2502:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2461:
2454:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2426:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2352:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2305:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2228:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2116:
2111:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2002:
2000:
1994:Farthest North
1990:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1958:
1957:
1945:
1944:
1937:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1891:
1886:
1865:
1864:External links
1862:
1859:
1858:
1852:Smiley, Jane.
1845:
1821:
1808:Marc Carlson,
1801:
1775:
1756:
1736:
1733:978-0771066924
1723:Farley Mowat,
1716:
1687:
1663:
1635:
1609:
1602:
1579:
1549:
1524:
1494:
1473:"Eric the Red"
1464:
1437:
1434:on 8 May 2014.
1411:
1402:
1359:
1319:
1290:
1269:"Erik the Red"
1260:
1231:
1192:
1175:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1126:
1106:
1104:
1103:
1085:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1048:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1028:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1001:
971:
968:
948:Little Ice Age
901:Main article:
898:
895:
875:beached whales
811:
808:
803:Snæbjörn galti
786:Carl Rasmussen
754:
751:
734:
731:
702:
699:
695:Norse paganism
667:
664:
647:
644:
642:
639:
636:
635:
633:
632:
625:
618:
610:
607:
606:
603:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
560:Adam of Bremen
557:
555:Galvano Fiamma
551:
548:
547:
544:
543:
540:
539:
534:
529:
522:
515:
508:
501:
494:
486:
483:
482:
479:
478:
475:
474:
469:
464:
459:
457:Snæbjörn galti
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
428:
425:
424:
421:
420:
417:
416:
411:
406:
401:
395:
392:
391:
388:
387:
384:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
327:
324:
323:
320:
319:
310:
302:
301:
293:
292:
229:and Icelandic
196:
195:
189:
185:
184:
167:
163:
162:
159:
155:
154:
141:
140:Known for
137:
136:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
113:
103:
99:
98:
89:
80:
76:
75:
60:
52:
51:
48:
16:Norse explorer
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6884:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6789:
6787:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6758:
6756:
6752:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6715:Stone of Eric
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6567:
6565:
6561:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6174:Grímur Kamban
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6129:Eric Bloodaxe
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6059:Amlaíb Conung
6057:
6055:
6054:Amlaíb Cuarán
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6035:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6018:Shield-maiden
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6008:Ring Fortress
6006:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5958:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5933:
5931:
5927:
5923:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5906:Sack of Paris
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5493:
5491:
5487:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5436:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5397:
5396:British Isles
5394:
5392:
5389:
5388:
5386:
5382:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5355:
5354:
5353:North America
5351:
5349:
5348:Faroe Islands
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5312:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5274:
5269:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5173:Norse rituals
5171:
5169:
5166:
5163:
5159:
5158:Norse funeral
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5111:Elder Futhark
5109:
5108:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5073:
5071:
5067:
5063:
5056:
5051:
5049:
5044:
5042:
5037:
5036:
5033:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4986:
4985:
4981:
4977:
4974:
4973:
4972:
4971:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4898:
4897:
4893:
4889:
4888:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4827:
4826:
4825:
4821:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4798:
4797:
4796:
4792:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4783:
4782:
4778:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4769:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4755:
4754:
4749:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4740:
4739:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4725:
4722:
4721:
4720:
4719:
4714:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4670:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4656:
4655:
4651:
4649:
4648:
4644:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4619:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4609:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4592:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4568:
4567:
4566:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4531:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4517:
4516:
4512:
4510:
4509:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4470:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4455:
4451:
4449:
4448:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4409:
4408:
4404:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4388:
4387:
4383:
4381:
4380:
4379:
4374:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4359:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4331:
4326:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4280:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4249:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4210:
4209:
4208:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4198:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4191:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4175:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4144:
4140:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4123:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4107:Discovery Hut
4105:
4103:
4102:
4098:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4077:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4011:
4004:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3971:
3966:
3965:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3949:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3927:
3926:
3921:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3899:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3783:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3708:
3704:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3677:
3676:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3639:
3638:
3637:A. Sibiryakov
3634:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3609:Glavsevmorput
3606:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3558:
3557:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3364:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3111:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2912:
2911:J. Richardson
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2785:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2673:M. Corte-Real
2671:
2669:
2668:G. Corte-Real
2666:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2591:C. Richardson
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2400:Georgiy Sedov
2396:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2287:Riiser-Larsen
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2068:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1935:
1930:
1928:
1923:
1921:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1904:
1903:
1897:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1867:
1855:
1849:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1825:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1805:
1790:
1786:
1779:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1740:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1704:
1700:
1694:
1692:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1667:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1639:
1623:
1619:
1618:"Landnámabók"
1613:
1605:
1599:
1595:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1452:
1448:
1441:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1418:
1416:
1406:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1363:
1347:
1343:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1295:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1236:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1189:
1188:9780811856348
1185:
1179:
1172:
1171:0-465-02272-3
1168:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1139:
1137:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1041:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
981:
976:
967:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
928:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
904:
891:
887:
882:
878:
876:
872:
868:
864:
863:Arctic Circle
860:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
833:
829:
827:
826:
821:
820:Cape Farewell
817:
807:
804:
800:
796:
787:
782:
778:
764:
759:
750:
748:
744:
740:
730:
728:
722:
717:
715:
710:
708:
698:
696:
692:
688:
684:
681:
677:
673:
663:
661:
657:
653:
641:Personal life
631:
626:
624:
619:
617:
612:
611:
609:
608:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
590:Robert McGhee
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
570:Helge Ingstad
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
552:
546:
545:
538:
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410:
407:
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379:
377:
374:
372:
371:Great Ireland
369:
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179:
175:
171:
168:
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160:
156:
153:
149:
146:
142:
138:
134:
132:Occupation(s)
130:
127:
124:
120:
116:
104:
100:
96:
92:
81:
77:
72:
71:anachronistic
68:
64:
58:
53:
46:
41:
37:
33:
29:
22:
6797:1000s deaths
6534:Vagn Åkesson
6454:Skalla-Grímr
6449:Sitric Caech
6314:Leif Erikson
6294:Ketilsdóttir
6134:Erik the Red
6133:
5926:Arms, armour
5316:and colonies
5305:Visby lenses
5295:Viking ships
5188:Raven banner
4982:
4970:Pole of Cold
4968:
4894:
4885:
4853:
4846:
4822:
4793:
4779:
4773:Borchgrevink
4765:
4752:
4737:
4717:
4702:
4671:
4652:
4645:
4629:
4615:
4606:
4589:
4582:
4563:
4551:
4527:
4513:
4506:
4494:
4480:
4466:
4452:
4445:
4406:
4398:
4384:
4377:
4375:
4357:
4349:
4342:
4329:
4320:
4282:
4274:
4265:
4258:
4246:
4239:
4225:
4213:Pourquoi-Pas
4212:
4204:
4196:
4188:
4183:Orcadas Base
4181:
4173:
4160:
4154:C. A. Larsen
4142:
4134:
4120:
4113:
4100:
4092:
4086:Borchgrevink
4079:
4071:
4028:
4020:
3995:C. A. Larsen
3988:
3969:
3960:
3942:
3924:
3915:
3902:
3887:
3878:
3865:
3826:
3812:
3805:
3786:
3771:
3681:
3674:
3657:
3650:
3636:
3621:
3607:
3594:
3569:
3555:
3553:
3539:
3537:
3531:
3529:
3495:
3488:
3469:
3435:
3433:
3419:
3417:
3399:
3389:
3387:
3367:
3365:
3346:
3222:
3180:
3163:
3131:
3095:
3093:
3073:
3072:
3052:
3051:
3037:
3024:
3009:
2995:
2986:
2973:
2944:
2932:Investigator
2931:
2922:
2898:
2885:
2877:
2868:
2855:
2826:
2803:
2788:
2773:
2743:
2728:
2698:
2617:
2597:
2568:
2564:Erik the Red
2563:
2546:
2524:
2517:
2474:submersibles
2471:
2465:Arktika 2007
2463:
2456:
2449:
2446:
2430:
2421:
2418:
2399:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2354:
2347:
2323:
2309:
2308:
2300:
2298:
2264:
2262:
2233:
2230:
2219:S. A. Andrée
2211:
2198:
2173:
2165:
2162:
2138:
2120:
2107:
2098:
2080:
2071:
2069:
2035:
1900:
1875:
1853:
1848:
1840:
1824:
1804:
1792:. Retrieved
1788:
1778:
1766:. Retrieved
1746:
1739:
1724:
1719:
1707:. Retrieved
1702:
1671:
1666:
1654:. Retrieved
1644:
1638:
1626:. Retrieved
1612:
1593:
1570:. Retrieved
1561:
1552:
1540:. Retrieved
1536:
1527:
1515:. Retrieved
1506:
1497:
1485:. Retrieved
1476:
1467:
1455:. Retrieved
1450:
1440:
1432:the original
1427:
1405:
1393:. Retrieved
1376:
1372:
1362:
1350:. Retrieved
1345:
1310:. Retrieved
1305:
1281:. Retrieved
1272:
1263:
1251:. Retrieved
1246:
1222:. Retrieved
1213:
1178:
1162:
1158:
1135:
1121:
1109:
1098:
1094:
1081:
1077:
1065:
1011:
985:
938:. Groups of
929:
906:
892:, Greenland.
834:
830:
823:
813:
791:
780:
747:Newfoundland
739:Leif Erikson
736:
724:
719:
713:
711:
704:
683:Leif Erikson
672:Eiríksstaðir
669:
656:Hornstrandir
649:
524:
517:
510:
505:Flateyjarbók
503:
496:
489:
437:Leif Erikson
432:Erik the Red
431:
404:Skálholt Map
311:
275:Leif Erikson
257:district of
216:Erik the Red
215:
214:), known as
200:
199:
174:Leif Erikson
66:
49:Erik the Red
39:
6792:950s births
6504:Thorir Hund
6434:Sigurd Ring
6289:Jomsvikings
5986:Yarm helmet
5421:Isle of Man
5375:Kievan Rus'
5208:Skíðblaðnir
5162:ship burial
5081:Brisingamen
4673:Lake Vostok
4623:Tryoshnikov
4545:Schlossbach
4436:Christensen
4378:James Caird
4299:E. R. Evans
4065:Dobrowolski
4035:de Gerlache
3737:Expeditions
3623:Aviaarktika
3577:Samoylovich
3448:Kolomeitsev
3342:Middendorff
3302:Gedenshtrom
2722:I. Fyodorov
2484:Chilingarov
2372:E. Fyodorov
1979:Expeditions
1709:22 November
1594:The Vikings
1537:archive.org
1457:22 November
1453:. Chapter 5
1352:22 November
1348:. Chapter 2
1312:22 November
1253:22 November
1056:Eirik Raude
873:tusks, and
857:to hunt in
770: 1570
753:Discoveries
737:Erik's son
549:Researchers
414:Vinland Map
399:Maine penny
381:Straumfjörð
212: 1003
122:Nationality
109: 1003
36:family name
6786:Categories
6563:Runestones
6079:Berle-Kari
6044:Airdeconut
5238:Viking art
5233:Viking Age
4896:Terra Nova
4801:Shackleton
4744:J. C. Ross
4703:Resolution
4693:South Pole
4468:New Swabia
4392:Mackintosh
4364:Shackleton
4283:Terra Nova
4276:Terra Nova
4010:Heroic Age
3970:Challenger
3930:J. C. Ross
3840:Bransfield
3772:Resolution
3687:icebreaker
3651:Chelyuskin
3392:expedition
3370:Expedition
3312:Matyushkin
3270:Kh. Laptev
3265:Chelyuskin
3159:Heemskerck
3149:Chancellor
3144:Willoughby
3139:Koch boats
3082:Stefansson
3016:McClintock
2980:Inglefield
2822:J. C. Ross
2729:Resolution
2581:Cunningham
2479:Sagalevich
2168:expedition
2127:Stephenson
2087:C. F. Hall
2074:expedition
2048:J. C. Ross
2011:Heemskerck
1998:North Pole
1841:Archeology
1572:16 January
1542:11 October
1487:8 November
1273:Britannica
1150:References
940:immigrants
932:Eriksfjord
921:Qassiarsuk
917:Narsarsuaq
913:Brattahlíð
890:Qassiarsuk
886:Eriksfjord
861:above the
844:, and the
646:Early life
595:Gwyn Jones
484:Literature
235:settlement
210: – c.
208: 950
148:settlement
86: 950
67:Grönlandia
32:patronymic
26:This is a
6524:Turgesius
6399:Reginheri
6369:Palnatoke
6154:Freygeirr
5936:Berserker
5460:Pomerania
5455:Rhineland
5384:Expansion
5333:Greenland
5314:Homelands
5258:Yggdrasil
5178:Old Norse
5133:Hnefatafl
5101:Einherjar
4995:Tolstikov
4781:Discovery
4751:HMS
4736:HMS
4718:Adventure
4716:HMS
4701:HMS
4637:Tolstikov
4358:Endurance
4143:Antarctic
4128:Drygalski
4101:Discovery
4094:Discovery
4055:Arctowski
3968:HMS
3941:HMS
3935:Abernethy
3923:HMS
3901:USS
3888:Vincennes
3886:USS
3866:Astrolabe
3806:San Telmo
3787:Adventure
3785:HMS
3770:HMS
3765:Kerguelen
3727:Continent
3712:Antarctic
3589:Urvantsev
3547:Vilkitsky
3400:Jeannette
3398:USS
3390:Jeannette
3354:Weyprecht
3332:Pakhtusov
3282:Chichagov
3275:D. Laptev
3218:Permyakov
3193:Stadukhin
3188:Perfilyev
3165:Mangazeya
3103:H. Larsen
3068:Rasmussen
3023:HMS
2994:USS
2943:HMS
2930:HMS
2894:Collinson
2884:HMS
2876:HMS
2854:HMS
2802:HMS
2787:HMS
2772:HMS
2757:Mackenzie
2744:Discovery
2742:HMS
2727:HMS
2699:Discovery
2678:Frobisher
2641:Rasmussen
2554:Gunnbjörn
2500:Greenland
2429:USS
2420:USS
2292:Ellsworth
2234:Roosevelt
2164:Nansen's
2121:Discovery
2119:HMS
2106:HMS
2053:Abernethy
2021:Marmaduke
1768:2 October
1656:2 October
1283:1 October
1138:ngu-Hrafn
1124:ngu-Hrafn
1116:Old Norse
1072:Old Norse
1018:Old Norse
993:Skrælings
958:in 1492.
954:'s first
859:Disko Bay
810:Greenland
714:setstokkr
691:Thorstein
426:Explorers
341:Helluland
239:Greenland
182:Thorstein
152:Greenland
115:Greenland
6872:Settlers
6549:Uí Ímair
6329:Náttfari
6309:Lagertha
6269:Hvitserk
6001:Ingelrii
5996:Ulfberht
5976:Dane axe
5448:Normandy
5443:Brittany
5426:Scotland
5370:Jomsborg
5343:Shetland
5290:Longship
5228:Valkyrie
5223:Valhalla
5153:Norsemen
5143:Leysingi
5138:Holmgang
5086:Danegeld
5007:A. Fuchs
4964:V. Fuchs
4944:McKinley
4907:E. Evans
4866:Bjaaland
4861:Amundsen
4811:Marshall
4724:Furneaux
4576:V. Fuchs
4540:E. Ronne
4535:F. Ronne
4474:Ritscher
4328:SY
4316:Filchner
4260:Framheim
4254:Amundsen
4060:Racoviță
4045:Amundsen
4040:Lecointe
3909:Ringgold
3903:Porpoise
3793:Furneaux
3629:Shevelev
3584:Begichev
3563:Amundsen
3525:Nagórski
3503:Brusilov
3497:Sv. Anna
3411:Melville
3381:Palander
3337:Tsivolko
3297:Sannikov
3292:Billings
3235:Chirikov
3154:Barentsz
3096:St. Roch
3087:Bartlett
3061:Amundsen
3045:Sverdrup
2945:Resolute
2834:Franklin
2762:Kotzebue
2629:Sverdrup
2612:Scoresby
2586:Lindenov
2437:Plaisted
2422:Nautilus
2367:Shirshov
2341:Belyakov
2336:Baydukov
2310:Nautilus
2272:Amundsen
2232:SS
2191:Sverdrup
2186:Johansen
2156:Brainard
2151:Lockwood
2006:Barentsz
1833:Archived
1813:Archived
1794:12 April
1762:Archived
1679:Archived
1650:Archived
1628:14 April
1622:Archived
1566:Archived
1511:Archived
1481:Archived
1479:. 2004.
1395:18 April
1389:Archived
1277:Archived
1218:Archived
944:epidemic
842:Qaqortoq
687:Thorvald
680:explorer
652:Rogaland
532:Skræling
512:Hauksbók
336:Markland
289:a series
287:Part of
259:Rogaland
227:medieval
223:explorer
218:, was a
194:(father)
178:Thorvald
166:Children
34:, not a
6754:Related
6324:Naddodd
6249:Hastein
6224:Hagrold
6194:Guthrum
6189:Guthred
6074:Bagsecg
5971:Skeggöx
5961:Halberd
5489:Battles
5465:Estonia
5401:Danelaw
5363:Vinland
5328:Iceland
5253:Wergeld
5218:Tyrfing
5203:Seeress
5148:Mjölnir
5106:Futhark
5069:Culture
5062:Vikings
5012:Messner
4959:Hillary
4939:Balchen
4887:Polheim
4881:Wisting
4759:Crozier
4731:Weddell
4709:J. Cook
4679:Kapitsa
4660:Fiennes
4602:Klenova
4571:Hillary
4521:Ketchum
4447:BANZARE
4422:·
4267:Polheim
4233:Shirase
4219:Charcot
4029:Belgica
3948:Crozier
3860:Morrell
3855:Weddell
3833:Lazarev
3778:J. Cook
3732:History
3682:Arktika
3658:Krassin
3643:Voronin
3615:Schmidt
3601:Ushakov
3540:Vaygach
3508:Albanov
3477:Rusanov
3458:Kolchak
3453:Matisen
3427:Makarov
3406:De Long
3307:Wrangel
3287:Lyakhov
3240:Malygin
3198:Dezhnev
3025:Pandora
2996:Advance
2963:Kennedy
2958:Belcher
2951:Kellett
2938:McClure
2862:Beechey
2856:Blossom
2849:Simpson
2817:Crozier
2810:Hoppner
2767:J. Ross
2735:J. Cook
2683:Gilbert
2576:J. Hall
2542:Ingólfr
2532:Naddodd
2526:Vikings
2513:Brendan
2508:Pytheas
2496:Iceland
2450:Arktika
2442:Herbert
2407:Badygin
2377:Krenkel
2362:Papanin
2331:Chkalov
2317:Wilkins
2282:Wisting
2226:F. Cook
2132:Markham
2092:Bessels
2081:Polaris
2072:Polaris
2043:J. Ross
2026:Carolus
1974:History
1905:. 1900.
1727:(1965)
1381:Bibcode
1379:: 260.
1190:, p. 53
788:(1874).
743:Vinland
707:thralls
676:Freydís
660:Iceland
331:Vinland
271:Iceland
243:epithet
170:Freydís
158:Partner
69:. Note
6539:Veborg
6259:Hervor
6069:Auisle
5966:Atgeir
5946:Hersir
5475:Dublin
5470:Iberia
5438:France
5431:Wessex
5411:Mercia
5406:Anglia
5213:Thrall
4922:Bowers
4917:Wilson
4876:Hassel
4871:Helmer
4840:Mackay
4830:Mawson
4795:Nimrod
4753:Terror
4738:Erebus
4665:Burton
4460:Rymill
4336:Mawson
4330:Aurora
4309:Lashly
4294:Wilson
4197:Nimrod
4174:Scotia
3981:Murray
3956:Cooper
3943:Terror
3925:Erebus
3894:Wilkes
3845:Palmer
3813:Vostok
3760:Bouvet
3684:-class
3664:Gakkel
3532:Taymyr
3513:Konrad
3482:Kuchin
3420:Yermak
3327:Lavrov
3245:Ovtsyn
3230:Bering
3208:Ivanov
3171:Hudson
3133:Pomors
3110:Cowper
3075:Karluk
2974:Isabel
2968:Bellot
2918:Austin
2886:Terror
2878:Erebus
2774:Griper
2750:Clerke
2710:Baffin
2693:Hudson
2624:Nansen
2537:Garðar
2458:Barneo
2325:ANT-25
2301:Italia
2277:Nobile
2246:Henson
2205:Amedeo
2181:Nansen
2146:Greely
2016:Hudson
1954:Arctic
1754:
1731:
1600:
1224:2 June
1186:
1169:
1093:Eyjólf
1076:Eyjólf
960:Pirate
936:fjords
909:estate
871:walrus
325:Places
291:on the
263:Norway
188:Parent
95:Norway
6419:Rusla
6414:Rorik
6409:Rollo
6364:Ottir
5991:Sword
5480:Italy
5285:Knarr
5276:Ships
5198:Skald
5193:Sagas
5128:Gothi
5096:Eddas
5002:Crary
4949:Dufek
4912:Oates
4902:Scott
4835:David
4816:Adams
4787:Barne
4608:Mirny
4597:Somov
4407:Quest
4304:Crean
4289:Scott
4168:Bruce
4122:Gauss
4115:Gauss
3989:Jason
3976:Nares
3850:Davis
3827:Mirny
3800:Smith
3755:Roché
3675:Lenin
3595:Sadko
3520:Wiese
3465:Sedov
3436:Zarya
3359:Payer
3322:Litke
3317:Anjou
3250:Minin
3213:Vagin
3203:Popov
3176:Poole
3031:Young
2844:Dease
2789:Hecla
2780:Parry
2705:Bylot
2688:Davis
2663:Cabot
2636:Peary
2618:Jason
2605:Egede
2519:Papar
2431:Skate
2412:Wiese
2392:NP-37
2385:NP-36
2265:Norge
2253:Sedov
2241:Peary
2199:Jason
2114:Nares
2108:Alert
2063:Hayes
2031:Parry
1969:Ocean
1517:1 May
1134:Hólmg
1120:Hólmg
1003:Notes
964:Inuit
869:from
867:ivory
733:Death
727:Thing
701:Exile
255:Jæren
247:color
220:Norse
145:Norse
126:Norse
91:Jæren
28:Norse
6544:Ubba
6114:Cnut
5951:Hird
5416:York
5076:Blót
4934:Byrd
4855:Fram
4806:Wild
4488:Marr
4454:BGLE
4441:Byrd
4369:Wild
4248:Fram
4050:Cook
3571:AARI
3556:Maud
3443:Toll
3368:Vega
3054:Gjøa
3039:Fram
3002:Kane
2839:Back
2804:Fury
2795:Lyon
2717:Munk
2356:NP-1
2258:Byrd
2175:Fram
2166:Fram
2058:Kane
1796:2024
1770:2020
1752:ISBN
1729:ISBN
1711:2023
1658:2020
1630:2020
1598:ISBN
1574:2019
1544:2011
1519:2022
1489:2012
1459:2023
1397:2020
1354:2023
1314:2023
1285:2020
1255:2023
1226:2017
1184:ISBN
1167:ISBN
850:Nuuk
689:and
231:saga
180:and
102:Died
79:Born
40:Erik
5091:Dís
4631:3rd
4617:2nd
4591:1st
4424:IGY
4420:IPY
3010:Fox
2906:Rae
2472:Mir
2448:NS
1839:,"
1097:sau
1080:sau
911:of
784:by
237:in
150:in
65:'s
6788::
3536:/
1899:.
1787:.
1760:.
1690:^
1620:.
1582:^
1560:.
1535:.
1505:.
1475:.
1426:.
1414:^
1387:.
1377:17
1375:.
1371:.
1322:^
1293:^
1275:.
1271:.
1234:^
1216:.
1212:.
1195:^
1131::
1118::
1095:ur
1090::
1082:rr
1074::
1053::
1042::
1020::
877:.
767:c.
765:,
685:,
279:CE
261:,
205:c.
176:,
172:,
106:c.
93:,
83:c.
5164:)
5160:(
5054:e
5047:t
5040:v
4013:"
4007:"
3950:)
3946:(
3937:)
3928:(
1933:e
1926:t
1919:v
1884:.
1798:.
1772:.
1713:.
1660:.
1632:.
1606:.
1576:.
1546:.
1521:.
1491:.
1461:.
1399:.
1383::
1356:.
1316:.
1287:.
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