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8588:"He was a reformer in the best sense, as so many far-seeing and spiritual-minded churchmen of those days were. He desired to better and beautify and perfect the system he found in vogue, and he had the courage of his convictions to point out what he thought stood in need of change and improvement, but he was no iconoclast; he had no desire to pull down or root up or destroy under the plea of improvement. That he remained to the last the friend of Popes and bishops and other orthodox churchmen, is the best evidence, over and above his own words, that his real sentiments were not misunderstood by men who had the interests of the Church at heart, and who looked upon him as true and loyal, if perhaps a somewhat eccentric and caustic son of Holy Church. Even in his last sickness he received from the Pope proof of his esteem, for he was given a benefice of considerable value."
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4112:, frequently draw connections between many of Erasmus' convictions and his early biography: esteem for the married state and appropriate marriages, support for priestly marriage, concern for improving marriage prospects for females, opposition to inconsiderate rules notably institutional dietary rules, a desire to make education engaging for the participants, interest in classical languages, horror of poverty and spiritual hopelessness, distaste for friars begging when they could study or work, unwillingness to be under the direct control of authorities, laicism, the need for those in authority to act in the best interest of their charges, a prizing of mercy and peace, an anger over unnecessary war especially between avaricious princes, an awareness of mortality, etc.
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4595:(1530), as the "reckless and extravagant" Pope Leo X had in previous decades promoted going on the offensive with a new crusade. Erasmus re-worked Luther's rhetoric that the invading Turks represent God's judgment of decadent Christendom, but without Luther's fatalism: Erasmus not only accused Western leaders of kingdom-threatening hypocrisy, he proposed a remedy: anti-expansionist moral reforms by Europe's disunited leaders as a necessary unitive political step before any aggressive warfare against the Ottoman threat, reforms which might themselves, if sincere, prevent both the internecine and foreign warfare.
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8405:, the leading Thomist of his age, who had become a friendly correspondent of Erasmus and had moved to bibliocentrism, progressively producing his own commentaries on the New Testament and most of the Old. Erasmus was initially sceptical of Cajetan, blaming him for taking a too-hard line against Luther, however he was won over in 1521 after reading Cajetan's works on the Eucharist, Confession and invocation of the saints. In 1530, Cajetan proposed that concessions be made to Germany to allow communion under both kinds and married clergy, in full sympathy with Erasmus' spirit of mediation.
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as "an order midway between monks and (secular priests) amphibians, like the beaver and the crocodile". Also "for the so-called Canons formerly were not monks, and now they are an intermediate class: monks where it is an advantage to be so; not monks where it is not". The kind of world-involved, devout, scholarly, loyal, humanistic, non-monkish, non-mendicant, non-ceremonial, voluntaristic religious order without notions of spiritual perfection that may have suited
Erasmus better arose soon after his death, perhaps in response to the ethos Erasmus shared: notably the
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7482:, the Archbishop of Canterbury. (Writing in a letter to Warham regarding the gift portrait, Erasmus quipped that "he might have something of Erasmus should God call him from this place.") Erasmus spoke favourably of Holbein as an artist and person but was later critical, accusing him of sponging off various patrons whom Erasmus had recommended, for purposes more of monetary gain than artistic endeavor. There were scores of copies of these portraits made in Erasmus' time. Holbein's 1532 profile woodcut was particularly lauded by those who knew Erasmus.
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9185:"I have never broken off a friendship with anyone because he was either more inclined towards Luther or more against Luther than I was. My disposition is naturally such that I could love even a Jew, provided he were in other respects an agreeable person to live with and friendly, and provided he did not vomit blasphemies against Christ in my hearing. And this courteous approach can, I believe, do more towards ending strifethe ties of friendship I do not readily abandon to please anyone." Letter to John Botzheim, quoted in
1153:), with a fellow canon, Servatius Rogerus, and wrote a series of love letters in which he called Rogerus "half my soul", writing that "it was not for the sake of reward or out of a desire for any favour that I have wooed you both unhappily and relentlessly. What is it then? Why, that you love him who loves you." This correspondence contrasts with the generally detached and much more restrained attitude he usually showed in his later life, though he had a capacity to form and maintain deep male friendships, such as with
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Christology of
Erasmus is the affirmation of the full incarnation of Christ in human existence, abstaining as much as possible from docetic insulation of the divine from the struggles of human experience, in order to highlight the redemptive capacity of Christ for the transformation of human life. With that, the ethical capstone of Erasmus’ reflections on Christ centers on the responsibility to imitate Christ’s love for others, and thus for advancing the cause of peace in personal and social life.
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9055:"I do not deny that I wrote some harsh things in order to deter the Christians from the madness of war, because I saw that these wars,which we witnessed for too many years, are the source of the biggest part of evils which damage Christendom. Therefore, it was necessary to come forward not only against these deeds, which are clearly criminal, but also against other actions, which are almost impossible to do without committing many crimes." Apology against Albert Pío
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8691:'. After the payment of all outstanding claims, the sum in the hands of Bonifacius and the two Basel executors amounted to 5,000 florins. This sum was invested in a loan to the duchy of Württemberg that yielded an annual income of 250 florins. The greater part of this sum became a fund to provide scholarships for students at the University of Basel (in theology, law, and medicine); the rest went into a fund devoted to the assistance of the poor." In
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10062:"I find that in comparison with the Fathers of the Church our present-day theologians are a pathetic group. Most of them lack the elegance, the charm of language, and the style of the Fathers. Content with Aristotle, they treat the mysteries of revelation in the tangled fashion of the logician. Excluding the Platonists from their commentaries, they strangle the beauty of revelation."
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4648:(written against efforts in the local synagogue to re-convert Christians) —which go further than deprecating re-judaizing tendencies within Christianity but set the pattern for later Christian antisemitism by portraying Jews as collectively the murderers of Christ— and by several miscellaneous comments by Erasmus. Biographer James Tracy points to the antisemitic edge in Erasmus' uncharacteristically vituperative comments against
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8182:"We find in the New Testament that fasting was observed by Christians and praised by the apostles, but I do not remember reading that it was prescribed with certain rites. These things are not mentioned so that any ceremonies that the church has instituted concerning clothing, fasting or similar matters should be despised, but to show that Christ and his apostles were more concerned with things pertaining to salvation."
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1012:. For the first time in Europe north of the Alps, Greek was taught at a lower level than a university and this is where he began learning it. His education there ended when plague struck the city about 1483, and his mother, who had moved to provide a home for her sons, died from the infection; then his father. Following the death of his parents, as well as 20 fellow students at his school, he moved back to his
2860:, Duke of Burgundy and later King of Castille: the first half being the conventional extravagant praise, but the second half being a strong treatment of the miseries of war, the need for neutrality and concilliation (with the neighbours France and England), and the excellence of peaceful rulers: that real courage in a leader was not to wage war but to put a bridle on greed, etc. This was later published as
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production team, he had his own householdwith a formidable housekeeper, stable of horses, and up to eight boarders or paid servants: who acted as assistants, correctors, amanuenses, dining companions, international couriers, and carers. It was his habit to sit at times by a ground-floor window, to make it easier to see and be seen by strolling humanists for chatting.
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Sentimental friendships were as much in vogue in secular circles during the fifteenth century as towards the end of the eighteenth century. Each court had its pairs of friends, who dressed alike, and shared room, bed, and heart. Nor was this cult of fervent friendship restricted to the sphere of aristocratic life. It was among the specific characteristics of the
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endure or turn to the good; they have not the use of oaths, since they neither distrust nor deceive anyone; they know not the hunger for money, since their treasure is in heaven, nor do they itch for empty glory, since they refer all things to the glory of Christ.…these are the new teachings of our founder, such as no school of philosophy has ever brought forth.
5989:, but few had interfered with his activities. He believed that his work so far had commended itself to the best minds and also to the dominant powers in the religious world. Erasmus chose to write in Latin (and Greek), the languages of scholars. He did not build a large body of supporters in the unlettered; his critiques reached a small but elite audience.
4453:. Concord demanded unity and assent: Erasmus was anti-sectarian as well as non-sectarian. To follow the law of love, our intellects must be humble and friendly when making any assertions: he called contention "earthly, beastly, demonic" and a good-enough reason to reject a teacher or their followers. In Melanchthon's view, Erasmus taught charity not faith.
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forbade his publisher Froben from handling the works of Luther and tried to keep the reform movement focused on institutional rather than theological issues, yet he also privately wrote to authorities to prevent Luther's persecution. In the words of one historian, "at this earlier period he was more concerned with the fate of Luther than his theology."
5858:
4543:, Erasmus lobbied diplomatically for toleration: "If the sects could be tolerated under certain conditions (as the Bohemians pretend), it would, I admit, be a grievous misfortune, but one more endurable than war." But the same dedication to avoiding conflict and bloodshed should be shown by those tempted to join (anti-popist) sects:
9344:"The Jews" (i.e. the earliest Jewish Christians in Antioch) "because of a certain human tendency, desire(d) to force their own rites upon everyone, clearly in order under this pretext to enhance their own importance. For each one wishes that the things which he himself has taught should appear as outstanding." Erasmus,
4178:, Erasmus metonymizes that we should "kill the Turk, not the man.If we really want to heave the Turks from our necks, we must first expel from our hearts a more loathsome race of Turks: avarice, ambition, the craving for power, self-satisfaction, impiety, extravagance, the love of pleasure, deceitfulness, anger, hatred, envy."
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vast number of Latin and Greek publications included translations, paraphrases, letters, textbooks, plays for schoolboys, commentary, poems, liturgies, satires, sermons, and prayers. A large number of his later works were defences of his earlier work from attacks by
Catholic and Protestant theological and literary opponents.
10465:"Erasmus is so thoroughly, radically Christ-centered in his understanding of both Christian faith and practice that if we overlook or downplay this key aspect of his character and vision, we not only do him a grave disservice but we almost completely misunderstand him."
4693:, were intrigued by Jewish mysticism, Erasmus came to dislike it: "I see them as a nation full of most tedious fabrications, who spread a kind of fog over everything, Talmud, Cabbala, Tetragrammaton, Gates of Light, words, words, words. I would rather have Christ mixed up with Scotus than with that rubbish of theirs."
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6111:), justification by imputation, grace as favour or clemency, faith as hoping trust, human transformation over reformation, congregation over church, mystery over sacrament, etc. In Erasmus' view, they went too far, downplayed Sacred Tradition such as Patristic interpretations, and irresponsibly fomented bloodshed.
6783:, Erasmus wrote that the orator, preacher or teacher must "adapt their discourse to the characteristics of their audience"; this made pastoral care the "art of arts". Erasmus wrote that most of his original works, from satires to paraphrases, were essentially the same themes packaged for different audiences.
9966:, summarized as: "Aristotle was spiritually deficient, because although he could define virtue, his words lacked the power to motivate men to lead virtuous lives. It was not possible to know God adequately in this life, but it was possible to love him, which made virtue far more important than knowledge."
9046:"Desiderius Erasmus, Thomas More and John Coletbetween them in the first three decades of the sixteenth century, ushered in not only humanism – an ethically sanctioned guide for practical, humanitarian ways of living in society – but also the formation of a group that might be called a ‘peace movement’."
3101:). From Aldus he learned the in-person workflow that made him productive at Froben: making last-minute changes, and immediately checking and correcting printed page proofs as soon as the ink had dried. Aldus wrote that Erasmus could do twice as much work in a given time as any other man he had ever met.
9384:
According to historian Thomas
Tentler, few Christians from his century gave as much emphasis as Erasmus to a pious attitude to death: the terrors of death are "closely connected to guilt from sin and fear of punishment" the antidote to which is first "trust in Christ and His ability to forgive sins",
8629:
According to historian Jan van
Herwaarden, it is consistent with Erasmus' view that outward signs were not important; what mattered is the believer's direct relationship with God. However, van Herwaarden states that "he did not dismiss the rites and sacraments out of hand but asserted a dying person
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In a few hours, they cleansed churches of idolatry by smashing statues, rood-screens, lights, altar paintings – everything they could lay their hands on, including Hans
Holbein the Younger’s work. the hang-man lit nine fires in front of the Minster It was, lamented, as though these objects ‘had been
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This is a non-mendicant order of clerics which followed the looser Rule of St
Augustine, who do not withdraw from the world, and who take a vow of Stability binding them to a House in addition to the usual Poverty (common life, simplicity), Chastity and Obedience. Erasmus described the Canons Regular
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Erasmus was the most popular, most printed and arguably most influential author of the early sixteenth century, read in all nations in the West and frequently translated. By the 1530s, his writings accounted for 10-20% of book sales in Europe. "Undoubtedly he was the most read author of his age." His
6162:
Luther hoped for his cooperation in a work which seemed only the natural outcome of
Erasmus' own, and spoke with admiration of Erasmus's superior learning. In their early correspondence, Luther expressed boundless admiration for all Erasmus had done in the cause of a sound and reasonable Christianity
6149:
Noting Luther's criticisms of corruption in the Church, Erasmus described Luther to Pope Leo X as "a mighty trumpet of gospel truth" while agreeing, "It is clear that many of the reforms for which Luther calls" (e.g., the sale of indulgences) "are urgently needed." However, behind the scenes
Erasmus
6016:
Alastor: "Because they get more by those that die, than those that live. There are last Wills and
Testaments, Funeral Obsequies, Bulls, and a great many other Articles of no despicable Profit. And in the last Place, they had rather live in a Camp, than in their Cells. War breeds a great many Bishops,
6009:
Alastor, an evil spirit: "They are a certain Sort of Animals in black and white Vestments, Ash-colour'd Coats, and various other Dresses, that are always hovering about the Courts of Princes, and are continually instilling into their Ears the Love of War, and exhorting the Nobility and common People
4387:
Erasmus was extremely critical of the warlike way of important European princes of his era, including some princes of the church. He described these princes as corrupt and greedy. Erasmus believed that these princes "collude in a game, of which the outcome is to exhaust and oppress the commonwealth".
3157:
After his glorious reception in Italy, Erasmus had returned broke and jobless, with strained relations with former friends and benefactors on the continent, and he regretted leaving Italy, despite being horrified by papal warfare. There is a gap in his usually voluminous correspondence: his so-called
1128:
of St. Augustine there in late 1488 at age 19 (or 22). Historian Fr. Aiden Gasquet later wrote: "One thing, however, would seem to be quite clear; he could never have had any vocation for the religious life. His whole subsequent history shows this unmistakably." According to one Catholic biographer,
992:
Erasmus was given the highest education available to a young man of his day, in a series of monastic or semi-monastic schools. In 1476, at the age of 6 (or 9), his family moved to Gouda and he started at the school of Pieter Winckel, who later became his guardian (and, perhaps, squandered Erasmus and
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was to warn Christians and the Church of moral deterioration and to exhort them to change their ways.... Erasmus’ objection to crusades was by no means an overall opposition to fighting the Turks. Rather, Erasmus harshly condemned embezzlement and corrupt fundraising, and the Church's involvement in
8523:
about Warham: "I wrote this in sorrow and grief, my mind totally devastated… We had made a vow to die together; he had promised a common grave…I am held back here half-alive, still owing the debt from the vow I had made, which …I will soon pay. …Instead, even time, which is supposed to cure even the
8200:
Even in good times, Erasmus had a "frequent inability to understand the details of his own finances" which caused him disappointment and suspicion. His finances as late as 1530 have been described as "bewilderingly complicated" with multiple small income sources being managed with varying degrees of
8172:
the “ceremonies” Erasmus criticizes are not the liturgical rites of the Church, but the special devotions and prescriptions added to them, particularly those related to food and clothing, which became binding in particular religious orders and more generally, under threat of excommunication and even
8045:
This was his entry to the European network of Latin secretaries, who were usually humanists, and so to their career path: a promising secretary could be appointed tutor to some aristocratic boy, when that boy reached power they were frequent kept on as a trusted counselor, and finally moved over to
6439:
Erasmus has a problematic standing in the history of philosophy: whether he should be called a philosopher at all, (as, indeed, some question whether he should be considered a theologian either.) Erasmus deemed himself to be a rhetorician or grammarian rather than a philosopher. He was particularly
6183:
I know nothing of your church; at the very least it contains people who will, I fear, overturn the whole system and drive the princes into using force to restrain good men and bad alike. The gospel, the word of God, faith, Christ, and Holy Spirit – these words are always on their lips; look at their
4717:
On the subject of slavery, Erasmus characteristically treated it in passing under the topic of tyranny: Christians were not allowed to be tyrants, which slave-owning required, but especially not to be the masters of other Christians. Erasmus had various other piecemeal arguments against slavery: for
1256:
From 1500, he avoided returning to the canonry at Stein even insisting the diet and hours would kill him, though he did stay with other Augustinian communities and at monasteries of other orders in his travels. Rogerus, who became prior at Stein in 1504, and Erasmus corresponded over the years, with
977:
was along the lines that his parents were engaged, with the formal marriage blocked by his relatives (presumably a young widow or unmarried mother with a child was not an advantageous match); his father went to Italy to study Latin and Greek, and the relatives misled Gerard that Margaretha had died,
10510:
Historical theologian Carl Meyer writes "Because the Scriptures are the genuine oracles of God, welling forth from the deepest recesses of the divine mind, Erasmus said they should be approached with reverence. Humility and veneration are needed to find the secret chambers of eternal wisdom. "Stoop
7492:
of 1526 and a preliminary charcoal sketch. Concerning the former Erasmus was unimpressed, declaring it an unfavorable likeness of him, perhaps because around 1525 he was suffering severely from kidney stones. Nevertheless, Erasmus and Dürer maintained a close friendship, with Dürer going so far as
7017:
Thus indeed have writers religiously vied to proclaim you, on the one hand inspired prophets, on the other eloquent Doctors of the church, both filled with the same spirit, as the former foretold your coming in joyful oracles before your birth and the latter heaped prayerful praise on you when you
6953:
Yet these ancient fathers were they who confuted both the Jews and Heathens ; they confuted them (I say), yet by their lives and miracles, rather than by words and syllogisms; and the persons they thus proselyted were downright honest, well meaning people, such as understood plain sense better than
6418:
A common accusation, supposedly started by antagonistic monk-theologians, made Erasmus responsible for Martin Luther and the Reformation: "Erasmus laid the egg, and Luther hatched it." Erasmus wittily dismissed the charge, claiming that Luther had "hatched a different bird entirely". Erasmus-reader
6281:
We are dealing with this: Would a stable mind depart from the opinion handed down by so many men famous for holiness and miracles, depart from the decisions of the Church, and commit our souls to the faith of someone like you who has sprung up just now with a few followers, although the leading men
6030:
He was scandalized by superstitions, such as that if you were buried in a Franciscan habit you would go direct to heaven. crime and child novices. He advocated various reforms, including a ban on taking orders until the 30th year, the closure of corrupt and smaller monasteries, respect for bishops,
5953:
In theologian Louis Bouyer's interpretation, Erasmus' agenda was "to reform the Church from within by a renewal of biblical theology, based on philological study of the New Testament text, and supported by a knowledge of patristics, itself renewed by the same methods. The final object of it all was
5900:
By and large, the miraculous real change that interested Erasmus the author more than that of the bread is the transformation in the humble partaker. Erasmus wrote several notable pastoral books or pamphlets on sacraments, always looking through rather than at the rituals or forms: on marriage and
4304:
as historian John Bossy (as summarized by Eamon Duffy) puts it: "medieval Christianity had been fundamentally concerned with the creation and maintenance of peace in a violent world. “Christianity” in medieval Europe denoted neither an ideology nor an institution, but a community of believers whose
6662:
Christ the heavenly teacher has founded a new people on earth,…Having eyes without guile, these folk know no spite or envy; having freely castrated themselves, and aiming at a life of angels while in the flesh, they know no unchaste lust; they know not divorce, since there is no evil they will not
6368:
According to historian Christopher Ocker, the early reformers "needed tools that let their theological distinctions pose as commonplaces in a textual theology; Erasmus provided the tools" but this tendentious distinction-making, reminiscent of the recent excesses of Scholasticism to Erasmus' eyes,
6335:
You declaim bitterly against the luxury of priests, the ambition of bishops, the tyranny of the Roman Pontiff, and the babbling of the sophists; against our prayers, fasts, and Masses; and you are not content to retrench the abuses that may be in these things, but must needs abolish them entirely.
6227:
By 1523, and first suggested in a letter from Henry VIII, Erasmus had been convinced that Luther's ideas on necessity/free will were a subject of core disagreement deserving a public airing, and strategized with friends and correspondents on how to respond with proper moderation without making the
6046:
were later treated by Protestants as objective reports of near-universal corruption. Furthermore, "what is said over a glass of wine, ought not to be remembered and written down as a serious statement of belief," such as his proposal to marry all monks to all nuns or to send them all away to fight
6004:
Many of his works contain diatribes against supposed monastic corruption and careerism, and particularly against the mendicant friars (Franciscans and Dominicans): these orders also typically ran the university Scholastic theology programs from whose ranks came his most dangerous enemies. The more
4570:
with almost a sole focus on Europe. In 1516, Erasmus wrote "it is the part of a Christian prince to regard no one as an outsider unless he is a nonbeliever, and even on them he should inflict no harm", which entails not attacking outsiders, not taking their riches, not subjecting them to political
3684:
insurrections in Germany and in the Low Countries, iconoclasm, and the radicalisation of peasants across Europe. If these were the outcomes of reform, Erasmus was thankful that he had kept out of it. Yet he was ever more bitterly accused of having started the whole "tragedy" (as Erasmus dubbed the
1067:
but resented the harsh rules and strict methods of the religious brothers and educators. The two brothers made an agreement that they would resist the clergy but attend the university; Erasmus longed to study in Italy, the birthplace of Latin, and have a degree from an Italian university. Instead,
965:
in 1483. His only sibling Peter might have been born in 1463, and some writers suggest Margaret was a widow and Peter was the half-brother of Erasmus; Erasmus on the other side called him his brother. There were legal and social restrictions on the careers and opportunities open to the children of
9689:
Similarly, John Monfasani reminds us that Erasmus never claimed to be a philosopher, was not trained as a philosopher, and wrote no explicit works of philosophy, although he repeatedly engaged in controversies that crossed the boundary from philosophy to theology. His relation to philosophy bears
7870:
In Huizinga's view: "Out of the letters to Servatius there rises the picture of an Erasmus whom we shall never find again—a young man of more than feminine sensitiveness; of a languishing need for sentimental friendship. This exuberant friendship accords quite well with the times and the person.
7477:
painted him at least three times and perhaps as many as seven, some of the Holbein portraits of Erasmus surviving only in copies by other artists. Holbein's three profile portraits – two (nearly identical) profile portraits and one three-quarters-view portrait – were all painted in the same year,
6998:
He often set himself the challenge of formulating positive, moderate, non-superstitious versions of contemporary Catholic practices that might be more acceptable both to scandalized Catholics and Protestants of good will: the better attitudes to the sacraments, saints, Mary, indulgences, statues,
6344:
Look around on this 'Evangelical' generation, and observe whether amongst them less indulgence is given to luxury, lust, or avarice, than amongst those whom you so detest. Show me any one person who by that Gospel has been reclaimed from drunkenness to sobriety, from fury and passion to meekness,
3752:
to which both the Bishop of Augsburg and the Papal legate Campeggio had invited him, and he expressed doubt on non-theological grounds, to Campeggio and Melanchthon, that reconciliation was then possible: he wrote to Campeggio "I can discern no way out of this enormous tragedy unless God suddenly
9036:
is governed by three favorite themes that recur in other works of Erasmus. First, war is naturally wrongSecond, Christianity forbids warThird, “just cause” in war will be claimed by both sides and will be next to impossible to determine fairly: hence, the traditional criteria of the just war are
6507:
A Sceptic is not someone who doesn't care to know what is true or false…but rather someone who does not make a final decision easily or fight to the death for his own opinion, but rather accepts as probable what someone else accepts as certain…I explicitly exclude from Scepticism whatever is set
3632:
In 1521 he settled in Basel. He was weary of the controversies and hostility at Louvain, and feared being dragged further into the Lutheran controversy. He agreed to be the Froben press' literary superintendent writing dedications and prefaces for an annuity and profit share. Apart from Froben's
7081:
in boxes that accompanied him. When assembling a new book, he would go through the topics and cross out commonplace notes as he used them. This catalog of research notes allowed him to rapidly create books, though woven from the same topics. Towards the end of his life, as he lost dexterity, he
6908:
For example, "peacemaking" is a possible topic in any Christian theology; but for Erasmus, from the Beatitude, it must be a starting-, reference- and ending-point when discussing all other theological notions, such as church authority, the Trinity, etc. Moreover, Christian theology must only be
6821:
Since the Gospels become in effect like sacraments, for Erasmus reading them becomes a form of prayer which is spoiled by taking single sentences in isolation and using them as syllogisms. Instead, learning to understand the context, genres and literary expression in the New Testament becomes a
6613:
Erasmus held that academics must avoid philosophical factionalism as an offense against Christian concord, in order to "make the whole world Christian." Indeed, Erasmus thought that Scholastic philosophy actually distracted participants from their proper focus on immediate morality, unless used
6171:
which he regarded as one of his purposes in life. Only as an independent scholar could he hope to influence the reform of religion. When Erasmus declined to support him, the "straightforward" Luther became angered that Erasmus was avoiding the responsibility due either to cowardice or a lack of
4418:
Erasmus "constantly and consistently" opposed the mooted idea of a Christian "universal monarch" with an over-extended empire, who could supposedly defeat the Ottoman forces: such universalism did not "hold any promise of generating less conflict than the existing political plurality;" instead,
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Erasmus left London with a full purse from his generous friends, to allow him to complete his studies. However, he had been provided with bad legal advice by his friends: the English Customs officials confiscated all the gold and silver, leaving him with nothing except a night fever that lasted
1141:
calls them "victims of Dominic and Francis and Benedict"): Erasmus felt he had belonged to this class, joining "voluntarily but not freely" and so considered himself, if not morally bound by his vows, certainly legally, socially and honour- bound to keep them, yet to look for his true vocation.
10384:
Mansfield summarizes Robert Kleinhan that "In contrast to contemporary theologies which centred on grace (Luther) or church and sacraments (the Council of Trent), Erasmus' theology 'stressed the acquisition of peace through the virtue obtainable by union with Christ through meditation upon the
9767:
According to historian Jamie Gianoutsos, Erasmus was not cherry-picking, in the way of St Augustine's 'spoiling the Egyptians,' i.e., acquiring what is valuable from the pagan heritage for the benefit of Christianity. "Erasmus, in contrast, had expressed reserve and even cautious criticism for
7938:
Historian Julian Haseldine has noted that medieval monks used charged expressions of friendship with the same emotional content regardless of how well-known the person was to them: so this language was sometimes "instrumental" rather than "affective." However, in this case we have Erasmus' own
6862:
What Erasmus contributes to discussions of the divinity of Christ is a counsel of restraint in metaphysical speculation, an accent on the revelatory breadth of the eternal Word of God, and an invitation to think of Christ incarnate as the eloquent oration of God. But the central impulse of the
4095:
to give seed money to students and the needy; he had received dispensations (from Ferdinand Archduke of Austria, and from Emperor Charles V in 1530) to make a will rather than have his wealth revert to his order (the Chapter of Sion), or to the state, and had long pre-sold most of his personal
3218:
Erasmus suffered from poor health and was especially concerned with heating, clean air, ventilation, draughts, fresh food and unspoiled wine: he complained about the draughtiness of English buildings. He complained that Queens' College could not supply him with enough decent wine (wine was the
952:
The year of Erasmus' birth is unclear: in later life he calculated his age as if born in 1466, but frequently his remembered age at major events actually implies 1469. (This article currently gives 1466 as the birth year. To handle this disagreement, ages are given first based on 1469, then in
10533:
I.e., Erasmus' method is that Jesus' primary teachings are not things you (whether lay person or theologian) interpret in the light of everything else (particularly some novel, post-patristic theological schema, even if ostensibly biblically coherent), but what you base your interpretation of
8524:
most grievous sorrows, merely makes this wound more and more painful. What more can I say? I feel that I am being called. I will be glad to die here together with that incomparable and irrevocable patron of mine, provided I am allowed, by the mercy of Christ, to live there together with him."
8338:
By 1524, his disciples included, in his words, "the (Holy Roman) Emperor, the Kings of England, France, and Denmark, Prince Ferdinand of Germany, the Cardinal of England, the Archbishop of Canterbury, and more princes, more bishops, more learned and honourable men than I can name, not only in
5949:
According to historian C. Scott Dixon, Erasmus' not only criticized church failings but questioned many of his Church's basic teachings; however, according to biographer Erika Rummel, "Erasmus was aiming at the correction of abuses rather than at doctrinal innovation or institutional change."
4634:
could not be sustained in Erasmus' public writings. Erasmus claimed not to be personally xenophobic: "For I am of such a nature that I could love even a Jew, were he a pleasant companion and did not spew out blasphemy against Christ" however Markish suggests that it is probable Erasmus never
4547:"Perhaps evil rulers should sometimes be tolerated. We owe some respect to the memory of those whose places we think of them as occupying. Their titles have some claim on us. We should not seek to put matters right if there is a real possibility that the cure may prove worse than the disease."
7057:(2023) runs to 444 entries (120 pages), almost all from the latter half of his life. He usually wrote books in particular classical literary genres with their different rhetorical conventions: complaint, diatribe, dialogue, encomium, epistle, commentary, liturgy, sermon, etc. His letter to
6684:
You must realize that 'philosopher' does not mean someone who is clever at dialectics or science but someone who rejects illusory appearance and undauntedly seeks out and follows what is true and good. Being a philosopher is in practice the same as being a Christian; only the terminology is
4487:
It was the duty of the leaders of this (reforming) movement, if Christ was their goal, to refrain not only from vice, but even from every appearance of evil; and to offer not the slightest stumbling block to the Gospel, studiously avoiding even practices which, although allowed, are yet not
7329:
From 1505, and certainly after 1517, he dressed as a scholar-priest. He preferred warm and soft garments: according to one source, he arranged for his clothing to be stuffed with fur to protect him against the cold, and his habit counted with a collar of fur which usually covered his nape.
6276:
and other works, which Luther ignored. Apart from the perceived moral failings among followers of the Reformers—an important sign for Erasmus—he also dreaded any change in doctrine, citing the long history of the Church as a bulwark against innovation. He put the matter bluntly to Luther:
4187:
When Erasmus wrote of 'Judaism,' he most frequently (though not always) was not referring to Jews: instead he referred to those Catholic Christians of his time, especially in the monastic lifestyle, who mistakenly promoted excessive external ritualism over interior piety, by analogy with
7964:
about an earlier teenage infatuation with a "Cantellius": "It is not uncommon at age to conceive passionate attachments for some of your companions". However, he allows "That these same letters, which run the gamut of love's emotions, are undoubtedly also literary exercises—rhetorical
8246:
p.624. It may also show the practical difficulty of being dispensed from wearing the habit of his order without being entirely dispensed from his vow of poverty: indeed, Erasmus had said his order of Augustinian Canons regular were priests when that suited and monks when that suited.
6761:(word) emphasizing the dynamic and interpersonal communication rather than static principle: "Christ incarnate as the eloquent oration of God": "He is called Speech , because through him God, who in his own nature cannot be comprehended by any reasoning, wished to become known to us."
4120:
Erasmus had a distinctive manner of thinking, a Catholic historian suggests: one that is capacious in its perception, agile in its judgments, and unsettling in its irony with "a deep and abiding commitment to human flourishing". "In all spheres, his outlook was essentially pastoral."
9325:, a converted Jew (which Erasmus approved of when sincere) who saw dangers in any re-Judaizing or re-mosaing Christianity (like Erasmus) but who went into fanaticism (which Erasmus abhored), e.g., advocating that Jews be compelled to hear Christian sermons, and that all copies of the
6145:
Erasmus and Luther impacted each other greatly. Each had misgivings about each other from the beginning (Erasmus on Luther's rash and antagonistic character, Luther on Erasmus' focus on morality rather than grace) but strategically agreed not to be negative about the other in public.
8546:, Erasmus recounts "Included with the Carthusians was the Brigittine monk Reynolds, a man of angelic features and angelic character and possessed of sound judgment, as I discovered through the conversations I had with him when I was in England in the company of Cardinal Campeggi."
6304:
You stipulate that we should not ask for or accept anything but Holy Scripture, but you do it in such a way as to require that we permit you to be its sole interpreter, renouncing all others. Thus the victory will be yours if we allow you to be not the steward but the lord of Holy
5901:
wise matches, preparation for confession and the need for pastoral encouragement, preparation for death and the need to assuage fear, training and helping the preaching duties of priests under bishops, baptism and the need for that faithful to own the baptismal vows made for them.
20798:
956:
His parents could not be legally married: his father, Gerard, was a Catholic priest who may have spent up to six years in the 1450s or 60s in Italy as a scribe and scholar. His mother was Margaretha Rogerius (Latinized form of Dutch surname Rutgers), the daughter of a doctor from
7679:, has an Erasmus Tower, Erasmus Building and an Erasmus Room. Until the early 20th century, Queens' College used to have a corkscrew that was purported to be "Erasmus' corkscrew", which was a third of a metre long; as of 1987, the college still had what it calls "Erasmus' chair".
2727:. Through the influence of the humanist John Colet, his interests turned towards theology. Other distinctive features of Colet's thought that may have influenced Erasmus are his pacifism, reform-mindedness, anti-Scholasticism and pastoral esteem for the sacrament of Confession.
10524:, Erasmus seeks to orient his theories of preaching around "the simplicity of Christ's teaching and example." Consequently, preaching is not for engaging in controversy, but for bringing salvation, moving the congregation to a moral life and building community through concord."
3366:
Erasmus may have made several other short visits to England or English territory while living in Brabant. Happily for Erasmus, More and Tunstall were posted in Brussels or Antwerp on government missions around 1516, More for six months, Tunstall for longer. Their circle include
4319:
Historians have written that "references to conflict run like a red thread through the writings of Erasmus." Erasmus had experienced war as a child and was particularly concerned about wars between Christian kings, who should be brothers and not start wars; a theme in his book
4154:
Erasmus' aphoristic quote on the persecution of Reuchlin "if it is Christian to hate Jews, we are all abundantly Christians here" is taken literally by Theodor Dunkelgrün and Harry S. May as being approving of such hatred; the alternative view would be that it was sardonic and
901:
Third, his flourishing but peripatetic years of increasing focus and literary productivity following his 1499 contact with a reformist English circle, then with radical French Franciscan Jean Vitrier (or Voirier) and later with the Greek-speaking Aldine New Academy in Venice;
6038:
However, he was not in favour of speedy closures of monasteries nor of larger reformed monasteries with important libraries: in his account of his pilgrimage to Walsingham, he noted that the funds extracted from pilgrims typically supported houses for the poor and elderly.
9768:
Augustine's views while betraying great enthusiasm for St Jerome and his metaphor of the freeman who marries the captive slave to obtain her freedom. Christianityhad wed itself to the classical heritage to enhance and liberate it (i.e., that heritage) from its pagan ethos"
5877:
of Basel, were claiming Erasmus held views similar to their own in order to try to claim him for their schismatic and "erroneous" movement. When the Mass was finally banned in Basel in 1529, Erasmus immediately abandoned the city, as did the other expelled Catholic clergy.
19402:
Carrington, Laurel (2013). "Desiderius Erasmus. The Correspondence of Erasmus: Letters 2082 to 2203, 1529. Ed. James Estes. Trans. Alexander Dalzell. Collected Works of Erasmus 15. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2012. xxii + 404 pp. $ 175. ISBN: 978–1–4426–4203–4".
9505:"Unlike Luther, he accepted papal primacy and the teaching authority of the church and did not discount human tradition. The reforms proposed by Erasmus were in the social rather than the doctrinal realm. His principal aim was to foster piety and to deepen spirituality."
7707:
In 1928, the site of Erasmus' grave was dug up, and a body identified in the bones and examined. In 1974, a body was dug up in a slightly different location, accompanied by an Erasmus medal. Both bodies have been claimed to be Erasmus'. However, it is possible neither is.
3625:) and Aldine-like Italic and Greek fonts, as well as elegant layouts using borders and fancy capitals; Hans Holbein (the Younger) cut several woodblock capitals for Erasmus' editions. The printing of many his books was supervised by his Alsatian friend, the Greek scholar
6848:
of everything": "the focus in which both dimensions of reality, the human and the divine, intersect" and so He himself is the hermeneutical principle of scripture": "the middle is the medium, the medium is the mediator, the mediator is the reconciler". In Erasmus' early
6118:, was less theological than political: "The Roman curia has abandoned any sense of shame. What could be more shameless than these constant indulgences? And now they put up war against the Turks as a pretext, when their aim really is to drive the Spaniards from Naples."
3927:;) and as Luther and some Lutherans and some powerful Catholic theologians renewed their personal attacks on Erasmus, his letters are increasingly focused on concerns on the status of friendships and safety as he considered moving from bland Freiburg despite his health.
5961:, especially at first he sided unambiguously with neither Luther nor the anti-Lutherans publicly (though in private he lobbied assiduously against extremism from both parties), but eventually shunned the breakaway Protestant Reformation movements along with their most
7082:
employed secretaries or amanuenses who performed the assembly or transcription, re-wrote his writing, and in his last decade, recorded his dictation; letters were usually in his own hand, unless formal. For much of his career he wrote standing at a desk, as shown in
7010:
During the centuries of the previous age the oracles of the gentiles spoke of you in obscure riddles. Egyptian prophecies, Apollo’s tripod, the Sibylline books, gave hints of you. The mouths of learned poets predicted your coming in oracles they did not understand.
2844:.) A particular influence was his encounter in 1501 with Jean (Jehan) Vitrier, a radical Franciscan who consolidated Erasmus' thoughts against excessive valorization of monasticism, ceremonialism and fasting in a kind of conversion experience, and introduced him to
953:
parentheses based on 1466: e.g., "20 (or 23)".) Furthermore, many details of his early life must be gleaned from a fictionalized third-person account he wrote in 1516 (published in 1529) in a letter to a fictitious Papal secretary, Lambertus Grunnius ("Mr. Grunt").
16931:"Erasmus' Cambridge Years (1511–1514): The Execution of Erasmus' Christian Humanist Programme, His Epitaph for Lady Margaret's Tomb in Westminster Abbey (1512), and His Failed Attempt to Obtain the Lady Margaret's Professorship in the Face of Scholastic Opposition"
9731:, CWE 26, 385). By teaching the relativity of communicative situations and the variability of temperaments, the laughter resulting from the art of rhetoric comes to resemble the most sincere content of Christian morality, based on tolerance and loving persuasion."
17452:
Ocker, Christopher (2017). "Review: Collected Works of Erasmus, vol. 73: Controversies: Apologia de 'In Principio Erat Sermo', Apologia de Loco 'Omnes quidem', De Esu Carnium, De Delectu Ciborum Scholia, Responsio ad Collationes, edited by Drysdall, Denis L.".
9553:
wing of the canons regular who believed that the charism of their orders required them to be more externally focussed (on pastoral, missionary, scholarly, charitable and sacramental works) and correspondingly de-focussed on monastic severity and ceremonialism.
8575:
Contrast the "outsider" interpretation of Huizinga "He tried to remain in the fold of the old Church, after having damaged it seriously, and renounced the Reformation, and to a certain extent even Humanism, after having furthered both with all his strength."
6345:
from avarice to liberality, from reviling to well-speaking, from wantonness to modesty. I will show you a great many who have become worse through following it. The solemn prayers of the Church are abolished, but now there are very many who never pray at all.
2895:
Erasmus preferred to live the life of an independent scholar and made a conscious effort to avoid any actions or formal ties that might inhibit his individual freedom. In England Erasmus was approached with prominent offices but he declined them all, until the
10240:
For example, "It is likely that Erasmus rejected the traditional view of Hell as a place of real, material fire. But although he probably conceived of it as a place of mental rather than physical torment,... Erasmus does not appear to reject the eternality of
9374:
In marriage, Erasmus' two significant innovations, according to historian Nathan Ron, were that "matrimony can and should be a joyous bond, and that this goal can be achieved by a relationship between spouses based on mutuality, conversation, and persuasion."
7838:. For the Ursalines, Barnabites, etc. "these associations were not conceived by their founders as 'religious orders', but as spiritual companies mostly composed of both lay and religious folk ... Similarly to the teachings of humanists like Erasmus and of the
4512:, Erasmus was against the death penalty merely for private or peaceable heresy, or for dissent on non-essentials: "It is better to cure a sick man than to kill him." The Church has the duty to protect believers and convert or heal heretics; he invoked Jesus'
6529:
The body is purely material; the spirit is purely divine; the soul…is tossed back and forwards between the two according to whether it resists or gives way to the temptations of the flesh. The spirit makes us gods; the body makes us beasts; the soul makes us
16098:
9317:, Erasmus sided with Reuchlin, a gentile who advocated Hebrew studies (which Erasmus never undertook seriously himself but promoted) and interaction with Jewish scholars (which Erasmus never felt the professional occasion for) to learn of things such as the
6564:
9903:, Erasmus quotes Aristotle 304 times, "making extensive use of the moral, philosophical, political, and rhetorical writings as well as those on natural philosophy, while completely shunning the logical works that formed the basis for scholastic philosophy"
7236:
In 1528 he suffered recurrent episodes of the stone, "from which he almost died." In 1529 his self-removal from Basel was delayed because of headcold and fever. In 1530 while traveling he suffered some near-fatal illness which several doctors diagnosed as
4472:, opposing certain views of Martin Luther, Erasmus noted that religious disputants should be temperate in their language, "because in this way the truth, which is often lost amidst too much wrangling may be more surely perceived." Gary Remer writes, "Like
9362:
For Erasmus, "...the relative importance we should ascribe to the different books of the Bible," accorded to how much "they bring us more or less directly to knowledge of (Christ)": which gave priority to the New Testament and the Gospels in particular.
20903:
4519:
Nevertheless, he allowed the death penalty against violent seditionists, to prevent bloodshed and war: he allowed that the state has the right to execute those who are a necessary danger to public order—whether heretic or orthodox—but noted (e.g., to
6745:. And the primary mechanism of accommodation is language, which mediates between reality and abstraction, which allows disputes of all kinds to be resolved and the gospel to be transmitted: in his New Testament, Erasmus notably translated the Greek
9575:"In the first years of the Reformation many thought that Luther was only carrying out the program of Erasmus, and this was the opinion of those strict Catholics who from the outset of the great conflict included Erasmus in their attacks on Luther."
7418:) as his personal motto. The obverse of the medal by Quintin Matsys featured the Terminus herm. Mottoes on medals, along the circumference, included "A better picture of Erasmus is shown in his writing", and "Contemplate the end of a long life" and
6948:
Several scholars have suggested Erasmus wrote as an evangelist not an academic theologian. Even "theology was to be metamorphic speech, converting persons to Christ." Erasmus did not conceive of Christianity as fundamentally an intellectual system:
3112:, the 24-year old Archbishop of St Andrews, through Padua, Florence, and Siena Erasmus made it to Rome in 1509, visiting some notable libraries and cardinals, but having a less active association with Italian scholars than might have been expected.
10375:' "For as there is no place in which it is more proper to seek Thee than in Thy words, so is there no place where Thou art more clearly discovered than in Thy words. For therein Thou abidest, and thither Thou leadest all who seek and love Thee."
9548:
DeMolen claims: "It is important to recall that Erasmus remained a member of the Austin Canons all his life. His lifestyle harmonized with the spirit of the Austin Canons even though he lived outside their monastic walls." Erasmus represents the
6614:
moderately. And, by "excluding the Platonists from their commentaries, they strangle the beauty of revelation." "They are windbags blown up with Aristotle, sausages stuffed with a mass of theoretical definitions, conclusions, and propositions."
20845:
18297:
Coetsee, Albert J.; Walt, Sarel van der; Muller, D. Francois; Huijgen, Arnold; Brink, Gijsbert van den; Alten, HH van; Broeke, Leon van den; Kotzé, Manitza; Kruger, P. Paul; Potgieter, Raymond M.; Fick, Rikus; Dreyer, Wim (17 November 2023).
6191:
Though he sought to remain accommodative in doctrinal disputes, each side accused him of siding with the other, perhaps because of his perceived influence and what they regarded as his dissembling neutrality, which he regarded as peacemaking
6251:
initiated what has been called "The greatest debate of that era" which still has ramifications today. They bypassed discussion on reforms which they both agreed on in general, and instead dealt with authority and biblical justifications of
3757:
and changes the hearts of men" and later "What upsets me is not so much their teaching, especially Luther’s, as the fact that, under the pre-text of the gospel, I see a class of men emerging whom I find repugnant from every point of view."
3115:
In 1510, William Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury, and Lord Mountjoy lured him back to England, now under its new humanist king, paying £10 journey money. On his trip back over the Alps, down the Rhein, to England, Erasmus mentally composed
10418:
that in the process of interpreting a passage from Scripture it is essential to consider not only what was said but also by whom and to whom it was said, with which words, at what time, on what occasion, and what preceded and followed it."
8828:
For Markish, Erasmus' "theological opposition to a form of religious thought which he identified with Judaism was not translated into crude prejudice against actual Jews", to the extent that Erasmus could be described as 'a-semitic' rather
7068:
From his youth, Erasmus had been a voracious writer. Erasmus wrote or answered up to 40 letters per day, usually waking early in the morning and writing them in his own hand. He did not work after dinner. His writing method (recommended in
3787:
There are no extant letters between More and Erasmus from the start of More's period as Chancellor until his resignation (1529–1533), almost to the day. Erasmus wrote several important non-political works under the surprising patronage of
17020:
Kinney, Daniel (February 1983). "Georges Chantraine, S.J ., Erasme et Luther: Libre et serf arbitre, etude Historique et Theologique. Paris : Éditions Lethielleux / Presses Universitaires de Namur, 1981. XLV + 503 pp. in-8°. 270 Fr".
6676:
In philosopher Étienne Gilson's summary: "the quite precise goal he pursues is to reject Greek philosophy outside of Christianity, into which the Middle Ages introduced Greek philosophy with the risk of corrupting this Christian Wisdom."
14994:
Essary, Kirk (2016). "Collected Works of Erasmus, written by Frederick J. McGinness (ed.), Michael J. Heath and James L.P. Butrica (transl.), Frederick J. McGinness and Michael J. Heath (annotat.), and Alexander Dalzell (contrib. ed.)".
6857:
in typical medieval terms of an ascent of being to God (vertical), but from the mid-1510s life he moved to an analogy of Copernican planetary circling around Christ the centre (horizontal) or Columbian navigation towards a destination.
9514:"Rigorously scientific biblical study must sustain an effort to renew the interior life, and the interior life must itself be at once the agent and the beneficiary of a renewal of the whole of Christian society." This went beyond the
6350:
Who ever beheld in their meetings any one of them shedding tears, smiting his breast, or grieving for his sins? Confession to the priest is abolished, but very few now confess to God. They have fled from Judaism that they may become
3223:
still houses many first editions of Erasmus's publications, many of which were acquired during that period by bequest or purchase, including Erasmus's New Testament translation, which is signed by friend and Polish religious reformer
19604:
8256:
He wrote to Servatius Rogerus, the prior at Stein, to justify his jobs: "I do not aim at becoming rich, so long as I possess just enough means to provide for my health and free time for my studies and to ensure that I am a burden to
4100:, who had fled from Geneva to Basel, who subsequently translated the Bible into Latin and French, and who worked for the repair of the breach and divide of Western Christianity in its Catholic, Anabaptist, and Protestant branches.
4171:, Erasmus wrote: "The cunning of princes and the effrontery of the Roman curia can go no further; and it looks as though the state of the common people would soon be such that the tyranny of the Grand Turk would be more bearable."
18615:
9723:"According to Erasmus, Lucian's laughter is the most appropriate instrument to guide pupils towards moral seriousness because it is the denial of every peremptory and dogmatic point of view and, therefore, the image of a joyful
8064:
Erasmus suffered severe food intolerances, including to fish, beer and many wines, which formed much of the diet of Northern European monks, and caused his antipathy to fasts. "My heart is Catholic, but my stomach is Lutheran."
7518:
in (gilt) bronze replacing an earlier stone version from 1557, itself replacing a wooden one of 1549, possibly a gift from the City of Basel. This was set up in the public square in Rotterdam, and today may be found outside the
8643:"He left a small fortune, in trusts for the benefit of the aged and infirm, the education of young men of promise, and as marriage portions for deserving young women - nothing, however, for Masses for the repose of his soul."
9012:
Bruce Mansfield summarizes historian Georg Gebhart's view: "While recognizing the teaching authority, but not the primacy, of Councils, Erasmus adopted a moderate papalism, papal authority itself being essentially pastoral."
6299:
Continuing his chastisement of Luther – and undoubtedly put off by the notion of there being "no pure interpretation of Scripture anywhere but in Wittenberg" – Erasmus touches upon another important point of the controversy:
6347:
I have never entered their conventicles, but I have sometimes seen them returning from their sermons, the countenances of all of them displaying rage, and wonderful ferocity, as though they were animated by the evil spirit.
4286:
I give you my peace, I leave you my peace" (John 14:27). You hear what he leaves his people? Not horses, bodyguards, empire or riches – none of these. What then? He gives peace, leaves peace – peace with friends, peace with
7104:
on subjects of humanist interest: "Three areas preoccupied Erasmus as a writer: language arts, education, and biblical studies. All of his works served as models of style. He pioneered the principles of textual criticism."
6939:
philosophical argument all too often generated; this produced in Erasmus a profound disinterest in hyper-rationality, and an emphasis on verbal, rhetorical, mystical, pastoral and personal/political moral concerns instead.
13001:
9473:. Erasmus was not a forerunner in the sense that he conceived or defended ideas that later made up the substance of the Reformation thought. It is enough that some of his ideas merged with the later Reformation message."
3731:. Erasmus wrote somewhat dramatically to Thomas More of his frail condition at the time: "I preferred to risk my life rather than appear to approve a programme like theirs. There was some hope of a return to moderation."
9802:
Erasmus does not engage with Plato as a philosopher, at least not in any rigorous sense, but rather as a rhetorician of spiritual experience, the instigator of a metaphorical system which coheres effectively with Pauline
3661:, after having served as Regent (and/or Grand Inquisitor) of Spain for six years. Like Erasmus and Luther, he had been influenced by the Brethren of the Common Life. He tried to entice Erasmus to Rome. His reforms of the
9205:
However, Erasmus related that he had consulted a Jewish doctor, in October 1518. Erasmus also knew several converted Jews: his doctor Matthais Adrianus, who Erasmus recommended for the Trilingual College, and his doctor
1252:
either on 25 April 1492, or 25 April 1495, at age 25 (or 28.) Either way, he did not actively work as a choir priest for very long, though his many works on confession and penance suggests experience of dispensing them.
8731:
However, "his wit can be gentle; it can break out into bitterness. In controversy, resentments and anxieties can get loose, countermanding the Christian imperative of love to which he was devoted and which runs as a
8014:
in England "to some extent Erasmus thereby realized the dream of his youth, which was to live together with some choice literary spirit with whom he might share his thoughts and aspiration". Quoted in J. K. Sowards,
16548:
10564:
in isolation from his other works may give an idea of Erasmus' priorities different to that given by broader reading, even though he sometimes claimed to be re-presenting essentially the same thoughts in different
6896:
at the head of the queue. This privileges peacemaking, mercy, meekness, purity of heart, hungering after righteousness, poverty of spirit, etc. as the unassailable core of Christianity and piety and true theology.
15385:
9469:(1516), which laid the foundations for a model of Christianity that called for a pared-down, internalized style of religiosity focused on Scripture rather than the elaborate, and incessant, outward rituals of the
6522:": warm affection and an appropriately fiery heart being inalienable parts of human sincerity; however historian Ross Dealy sees Erasmus' decrial of other non-gentle "perverse affections" as having Stoical roots.
17369:
Was Erasmus Responsible for Luther? A Study of the Relationship of the Two Reformers and Their Clash Over the Question of the Will, Reynolds, Terrence M. p. 2, 1977. Reynolds references Arthur Robert Pennington
6994:
Apart from these programmatic works, Erasmus also produce a number of prayers, sermons, essays, masses and poems for specific benefactors and occasions, often on topics where Erasmus and his benefactor agreed.
2851:
In 1502, Erasmus went to Brabant, ultimately to the university at Louvain. In 1504 he was hired by the leaders of the Brabantian "Provincial States" to deliver one of his few public speeches, a very long formal
8717:
For Erasmus, "dogmatics do not exist for themselves; they take on meaning only when they issue, on the one hand, in the exegesis of scripture and, on the other, in moral action" according to Manfred Hoffmann's
4679:, Erasmus voiced, as Paul, the "secret" that in the end times "all of the Israelites will be restored to salvation," and accept Christ as their Messiah, "although now part of them have fallen away from it."
16653:
6900:
The Sermon on the Mount provides the axioms on which every legitimate theology must be built, as well as the ethics governing theological discourse, and the rules for validating theological products; Erasmus'
4598:
In common with his times, Erasmus regarded the Jewish and Islamic religions as Christian heresies (and therefore competitors to orthodox Christianity) rather than separate religions, using the inclusive term
7910:
Huizinga (p.12) notes "To observe one another with sympathy, to watch and note each other's inner life, was a customary and approved occupation among the Brethren of the Common Life and the Windesheim monks."
21179:
13925:
9022:
If any single individual in the modern world can be credited with "the invention of peace", the honour belongs to Erasmus rather than Kant whose essay on perpetual peace was published nearly three centuries
7003:(1503) Erasmus elaborated his theme that the Incarnation had been hinted far and wide, which could impact the theology of the fate of the remote unbaptized and grace, and the place of classical philosophy:
4358:
frequently related to issues of peacemaking. He saw a key role of the Church in peacemaking by arbitration and mediation, and the office of the Pope was necessary to rein in tyrannical princes and bishops.
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Erasmus' literary theory of "copiousness" makes a virtue of utilizing a large stockpile of tropes and symbolic figures, without modern disclaimers of their reality or qualms about the cumulative impact.
6639:. "A great part of the teaching of Christ is to be found in some of the philosophers, particularly Socrates, Diogenes and Epictetus. But Christ taught it much more fully, and exemplified it better..." (
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9945:"However learned the works of those men may be, however ‘subtle’ and, if it please them, however ‘seraphic,’ it must still be admitted that the Gospels and Epistles are the supreme authority." Erasmus,
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Erasmus has been called a seminal rather than a consistent or systematic thinker, notably averse to over-extending from the specific to the general; who nevertheless should be taken very seriously as a
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25 was the minimum age under canon law to be ordained a priest. However, Gouda church records do not support the 1492 year given by his first biographer, and 1495 has been suggested as more plausible.
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A theologian has written of "Erasmus’ preparedness completely to satisfy no-one but himself." He has been called moderate, judicious and constructive even when being critical or when mocking extremes.
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Antagonistic scholar J.W. Williams denies that Erasmus' letter to Ammonius "let your own interests be your standard in all things" was in obvious jest, as claimed by those more sympathetic to Erasmus.
7226:. His digestion gave him trouble: he was intolerant of fish, beer and some wines, which were the standard diet for members of religious orders; he eventually died following an attack of dysentery.
4275:. Erasmus' ecclesiology of peacemaking held that the church authorities had a divine mandate to settle religious disputes, in an as non-excluding way as possible, including by the preferably-minimal
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Peace, peaceableness and peacemaking, in all spheres from the domestic to the religious to the political, were central distinctives of Erasmus' writing on Christian living and his mystical theology:
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that "students in this science have not seldom been hampered by what they have found written by other authors, partly on account of the multiplication of useless questions, articles, and arguments"
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on pastoral subjects: "to Christians in the various stages of lives:for the young, for married couples, for widows," the dying, clergy, theologians, religious, princes, partakers of sacraments, etc.
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Erasmus' pervasive anti-ceremonialism treated the early Church debates on circumcision, food and special days as manifestations of a cultural chauvinism by the initial Jewish Christians in Antioch.
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Rogerus demanding Erasmus return after his studies were complete. Nevertheless, the library of the canonry ended up with by far the largest collection of Erasmus' publications in the Gouda region.
10317:"The saintly versatility with which Christ and Paul accommodate their message to their imperfect hearers is one of the highest expressions of their charity, which desires the salvation of all men."
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However, any hesitancy on the part of Erasmus may have stemmed, not from lack of courage or conviction, but rather from a concern over the mounting disorder and violence of the reform movement. To
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961:. She may have been Gerard's housekeeper. Although he was born out of wedlock, Erasmus was cared for by his parents, with a loving household and the best education, until their early deaths from
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before him, he recommended that (scholastic method) be practiced with greater moderation and that it be complemented by the new philological and patristic knowledge that was becoming available."
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The last was released at the time of Henry VIII and Anne Bolyn's wedding; Erasmus appended a statement that indicated he opposed the marriage. Erasmus outlived Anne and her brother by two months.
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Erasmus syncretistically took phrases, ideas and motifs from many classical philosophers to furnish discussions of Christian themes: academics have identified aspects of his thought as variously
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I detest dissension because it goes both against the teachings of Christ and against a secret inclination of nature. I doubt that either side in the dispute can be suppressed without grave loss.
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Catholic theologian George Chantraine notes that, where Luther quotes Luke 11:21 "He that is not with me is against me", Erasmus takes Mark 9:40 "For he that is not against us, is on our part."
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came lately to me in a dream and thanked me for chastising them." After his lifetime, scholars of mendicant orders have sometimes disputed Erasmus as hyperbolic and ill-informed. A 20th-century
6818:: we now knowing the resurrection, Christ is revealed by the Gospels in a way that we can know him better by reading him than those who actually heard him speak; this will or may transform us.
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were absentee rulers, the secret nature of diplomacy and other circumstances) was widespread, but it is notable that intellectuals like Erasmus and Barlandus also accepted the allegations.
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He had remained loyal to Roman Catholicism, but biographers have disagreed whether to treat him as an insider or an outsider. He may not have received or had the opportunity to receive the
10271:"We see Erasmus' hermeneutic as governed by the idea of language as mediation The dynamics of mediation, central as it is in Erasmus' hermeneutic, informed all aspects of his world view."
9138:"I have made my support of the church sufficiently clearThe only thing in which I take pride is that I have never committed myself to any sect." Erasmus, Letter to Georgius Agricola (1534)
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advocating concord between princes, both temporal and spiritual. The spiritual princes, by their arbitration and mediation do not "threaten political plurality, but acts as its defender."
8868:, of Old-Christians mired in ceremonial practice to Pharisees who had forgotten the true message of Judaism, a statement they used as a counter-punch against Old-Christian accusations of
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The early reformers built their theology on Erasmus' philological analyses of specific verses in the New Testament: repentance over penance (the basis of the first thesis of the Luther's
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not because of their heretical views on baptism. Despite these concessions to state power, he suggested that religious persecution could still be challenged as inexpedient (ineffective).
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De Góis then proceeded to Padua, meeting with the humanist cardinals Bembo and Sadeleto, and with Ignatius of Loyola. He had previously dined with Luther and Melanchthon, and met Bucer.
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One of his approaches was to send, and publish, congratulatory and lionizing letters to princes who, though in a position of strength, negotiated peace with neighbours: such as to King
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were among the chief objects of his later calls to reform the Western Church from within, particularly coerced or tricked recruitment of immature boys (the fictionalized account in the
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As the popular and nationalist responses to Luther gathered momentum, the social disorders, which Erasmus dreaded and Luther disassociated himself from, began to appear, including the
4050:. "The most famous scholar of his day died in peaceful prosperity and in the company of celebrated and responsible friends." His last words, as recorded by his friend and biographer
2704:, who offered to accompany him on his trip to England. His time in England was fruitful in the making of lifelong friendships with the leaders of English thought in the days of King
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4000:, finally exiled to a monastery, and on release perhaps murdered. His amanuensis Gilbert Cousin died in prison at age 66, shortly after being arrested on the personal order of Pope
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However, at times he has been viciously criticized, his works suppressed, his expertise corralled, his writings misinterpreted, his thought demonized, and his legacy marginalized.
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Historian Kirk Essary has noted that from his earliest to last works Erasmus "regularly denounced the Stoics as specifically unchristian in their hardline position and advocacy of
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Reacting from his own experiences, Erasmus came to believe that monastic life and institutions no longer served the positive spiritual or social purpose they once may have: in the
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scriptural ignorance and fanciful Biblical interpretation, prayer, dietary fasts, external ceremonialism, authority, vows, docility, submission to Rome, etc. For example, in his
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his former assistant, in which elected Catholic councilmen were deposed, the city of Basel definitely adopted the Reformation—finally banning the Catholic Mass on April 1, 1529.
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Historian Hilmar Pabel wrote "an essential aspect of Erasmus' life's work (was)...his participation in the responsibility of the bishops and all pastors to win souls for Christ."
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which More used for Utopia, due to 33 specific similarities of ideas, and that the fictional character Raphael Hythloday is de las Casas. Coincidentally, de las Casas' nemesis
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produced the earliest known portraits of Erasmus, including an oil painting from life in 1517 (which had to be delayed as Erasmus' pain distorted his face) and a medal in 1519.
3644:, had grown to also include a lightly revised Latin Vulgate, then the Greek text, then several edifying essays on methodology, then a highly revised Vulgate—all bundled as his
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and confirmed the previous dispensation, allowing the 48-(or 51-)year-old his independence but still, as a canon, capable of holding office as a prior or abbot. In 1525, Pope
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Flesh, Blood, and Puffed-Up Livers: The Theological, Political, and Social Contexts behind the 1550-1551 Written Eucharistic Debate between Thomas Cranmer and Stephen Gardiner
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Terence J. Martin identifies an "Erasmian pattern" that the supposed (by the reader) otherness (of Turks, Lapplanders, Indians, Jews, and even women and heretics) "provides a
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which he hoped would meet the objections of many Lutherans were stymied (party because the Holy See was broke), though re-worked at the Council of Trent, and he died in 1523.
934:, whom Erasmus' father Gerard (Gerardus Helye) personally favored. Although associated closely with Rotterdam, he lived there for only four years, never to return afterwards.
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scholarships enable European students to spend up to a year of their university courses in a university in another European country, commemorating Erasmus' impulse to travel.
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Erasmus, at the height of his literary fame, was called upon to take one side, but public partisanship was foreign to his beliefs, his nature and his habits. Despite all his
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9072:(1512) denounced princes as the most guilty of ambition, luxury and a desire for domination. Bernard proposed that reformation must primarily involve ending war and schism.
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Erasmus often wrote in a highly ironical idiom, especially in his letters, which makes them prone to different interpretations when taken literally rather than ironically.
2692:"I can truly say that no place in the world has given me so many friends—true, learned, helpful, and illustrious friends—as the single city of London." Letter to Colet, 1509
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9830:. Erasmus’ interest in some Platonic motifs is well known. But the most consistent philosophical theme in Erasmus’ writings from his earliest to his latest was that of the
9448:"It is because Christ is in the pages of the bible that we meet him as a living person. As we read these pages we absorb his presence, we become one with him." Robert Sider
1076:, which left Erasmus feeling betrayed. Around this time he wrote forlornly to his friend Elizabeth de Heyden "Shipwrecked am I, and lost, 'mid waters chill'." He suffered
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avoiding (Lutheran) boastful pride, then a loving, undespairing life lived with appropriate penitence. The focus of the Last Rites by priests should be comfort and hope.
4366:, further limiting it to feasible defensive actions with popular support and that "war should never be undertaken unless, as a last resort, it cannot be avoided." In his
3765:, then following another rent dispute bought and refurbished a house of his own, where he took in scholar/assistants as table-boarders such as Cornelius Grapheus' friend
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The Eve of the Reformation. Studies in the Religious Life and Thought of the English people in the Period Preceding the Rejection of the Roman jurisdiction by Henry VIII
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For Craig R. Thompson, Erasmus cannot be called philosopher in the technical sense, since he disdained formal logic and metaphysics and cared only for moral philosophy.
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theologically and rhetorically: their value was in how they pre-saged, explained or amplified the unique teachings of Christ (particularly the Sermon on the Mount): the
4195:"Judaism I call not Jewish impiety, but prescriptions about external things, such as food, fasting, clothes, which to a certain degree resemble the rituals of the Jews."
19003:"Erasmus's Biblical Project: Some Thoughts and Observations on Its Scope, Its Impact in the Sixteenth Century and Reception in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries"
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Writer Gregory Wolfe notes however "For Erasmus, the narrative of decline is a form of despair, a failure to believe that the tradition can and will generate new life."
7272:, painter unknown, c.1500, juxtaposing pregnancy and death, with four Augustinan canons regular of the Chapter (Abbey) of Sion. Left, with a little lion behind him, is
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and anti-Moslem prejudice in his writings: historian Nathan Ron has found his writing to be harsh and racial in its implications, with contempt and hostility to Islam.
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of the Catholic Church; the contemporary reports of his death do not mention whether he asked for a Catholic priest or not, if any were secretly or privately in Basel.
10335:"The gospel text for Erasmus, and many others, possessed “the capacity to transform our inner self by the presence of God as incarnated in the text (or 'inverbation')
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in the eleventh century. He added a dedication, affirming his belief in the reality of the Body of Christ after consecration in the Eucharist, commonly referred to as
3780:, and his small book on preparing for death. His boarder for five months, the Portuguese scholar/diplomat Damião de Góis, worked on his lobbying on the plight of the
18608:"Bible Engagement in the Catholic Church Tradition. Conference on the occasion of the annual retreat of the Board of Management of the American Bible Society in Rome"
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is the unifying reference point, the navigation goal, or the organizing principle of topics. According to his assistant-turned-foe, Œcolampadius, Erasmus's rule was "
4532:: Johannes Trapman states that Erasmus' endorsement of suppression of the Anabaptists springs from their refusal to heed magistrates and the criminal violence of the
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This prompted him, upon his return from England to Paris, to intensively study the Greek language, which would enable him to study theology on a more profound level.
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The herm became part of the Erasmus branding at Froben, and is on his tombstone. In the early 1530s, Erasmus was portrayed as Terminus by Hans Holbein the Younger.
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6984:, which in their first state constitute a sort of preface to the various other studies, but which—in return—were nourished and enlarged by them as they went along.
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to limit what should be considered heresy to fractiously agitating against essential doctrines (e.g., those of the Creed), with malice and persistence. As with St
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Erasmus himself chided Ulrich von Hutten's claims that he (Erasmus) was a Lutheran, saying that von Hutten had not detected the irony in his public letters enough.
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7860:. p. 95. MacCulloch has a footnote "There has been much modern embarrassment and obfuscation on Erasmus and Rogerus, but see the sensible comment in J. Huizinga,
6802:, can be seen as outworkings of his theology, rather than slippery insincerity or flattery of potential patrons. Similarly, it shows the theological basis of his
6159:(Oct 1520) and subsequent bellicosity drained Erasmus' and many humanists' sympathy, even more as Christians became partisans and the partisans took to violence.
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After Erasmus' time, numerous of Erasmus' translators later met similar fates at the hands of Anglican, Catholic and Reformed sectarians and autocrats: including
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Historian William McCuaig wrote " I will however defend the view that for the historian evangelism is the category to which Erasmus should rightly be assigned."
8892:. Erasmus continued: "This can hardly remain the case unless we define as few matters as possible and leave each individual's judgement free on many questions."
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and urged him to join the Lutheran party. Erasmus declined to commit himself, arguing his usual "small target" excuse, that to do so would endanger the cause of
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Desiderius Erasmus dictating to his ammenuensis Gilbert Cousin or Cognatus. From a book by Cousin, and itself claimed to be based on fresco in Cousin's house in
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4133:. French theologian Louis Bouyer commented "Erasmus was to be one of those who can get no edification from exegesis where they suspect some misinterpretation."
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8121:, Studies in the Renaissance, Vol. 9 (1962), p. 174. Erasmus continued to report occasionally to the prior, who disputed the validity of the 1505 dispensation.
7007:"You are assuredly the Woman of renown: both heaven and earth and the succession of all the ages uniquely join to celebrate your praise in a musical concord.
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For Erica Rummel "In content, Erasmian theology is characterized by a twin emphasis on inner piety and on the word as mediator between God and the believer."
3211:" staircase of Old Court. Despite a chronic shortage of money, he succeeded in mastering Greek by an intensive, day-and-night study of three years, taught by
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853:. He developed a biblical humanistic theology in which he advocated the religious and civil necessity both of peaceable concord and of pastoral tolerance on
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for his students, then to Orléans to escape the plague, and then to semi-monastic life, scholarly studies and writing in France, notably at the Benedictine
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p 99: Ron takes this as an affirmation by Erasmus of the low nature of Turks; the alternative view would take it as a negative foil (applying the model of
8422:) opened, and all the world applauded, I advised my friends to stand aloof. I thought it would end in bloodshed...", Letter to Alberto Pío, 1525, in e.g.,
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The Erasmus Lectures are an annual lecture on religious subjects, given by prominent Christian (mainly Catholic) and Jewish intellectuals, most notably by
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Erasmus' counter-accusation to Spanish friars of "Judaizing" may have been particularly sharp and bold, given the prominent role that some friars with the
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and rhetorical theologian, with a philological and historical approach—rather than a metaphysical approach—to interpreting Scripture and interested in the
3692:, on his release from the newly introduced Inquisition. In 1525, a former student of Erasmus who had served at Erasmus' father's former church at Woerden,
13159:
8325:, arguing for the natural slavery of American Indians, had previously been Erasmus' opponent as well, initially supporting the anti-decadence of Erasmus'
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It is reported that the commission of theologians Henry VIII assembled to identify the errors of Luther was made up of three of Erasmus' former students:
27224:
13951:
10551:, and his prizing of vehement assertions and insults. Erica Rummel notes "The similarities between his and Luther’s thought were of course superficial."
8708:), one is reminded that Erasmus remains underrated for his psychological insights in general and that he is perhaps overlooked as a pastoral theologian."
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27199:
8117:
from his obligations "by the constitutions and ordinances, also by statutes and customs of the monastery of Stein in Holland", quoted in J. K. Sowards,
2741:, a young law student considering becoming a monk, whose thought (e.g., on conscience and equity) had been influenced by 14th century French theologian
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Second, his struggling years as a canon (a kind of semi-monk), a clerk, a priest, a failing and sickly university student, a would-be poet, and a tutor;
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9539:: Being a monk is not piety but he adds ‘but a way of life that may be useful or not useful according to each man’s physical make-up and disposition’.
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emerged, and not just pointing up its failings but questioning many of its basic teachings. He was the author of a series of publications, including a
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on which news grieving Gerard romantically took Holy Orders, only to find on his return that Margaretha was alive; many scholars dispute this account.
7147:. However, his other works, such as his several thousand letters, continue to be a vital source of information to historians of numerous disciplines.
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We may distinguish four different lines of work, parallel with each other, and complementary. First, the establishing and critical elucidation of the
27079:
8130:
Undispensed illegitimacy had various effects under canon law: it was not possible to be ordained a secular priest or to hold benefices, for example.
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Since the origin of Christianity there have been perhaps only two other men—St Augustine and Voltaire—whose influence can be paralleled with Erasmus.
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in 1360, Erasmus of Rotterdam around 1490, spontaneously conceived a similar method to save Christian faith," i.e. a sceptical-about-scholasticism
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could achieve a state of salvation without the priestly rites, provided their faith and spirit were attuned to God" (i.e., maintaining being in a
7233:. He suffered kidney stones from his time in Venice and, in late life, with gout In 1514, he suffered a fall from his horse and injured his back.
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Here Erasmus complains of the doctrines and morals of the Reformers, applying the same critique he had made about public Scholastic disputations:
20103:
10961:
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Renaissance medicine for gallstones, from which Erasmus suffered). As Queens' was an unusually humanist-leaning institution in the 16th century,
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Historian William McCuaig commented "I have never read a work by him on any subject that was not at bottom a piece of evangelical literature."
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14835:
Vale, Malcolm (6 November 2020). "Erasmus and his Books, by Egbertus van Gulik, tr. J.C. Grayson, ed. James K. McConica and Johannes Trapman".
12004:"Philip Schaff: History of the Christian Church, Volume VII. Modern Christianity. The German Reformation - Christian Classics Ethereal Library"
9840:. Erasmus, in fact, combined Christianity with a nuanced Epicurean morality. This Epicureanism, when combined in turn with a commitment to the
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The correspondence of Erasmus. Letters 2357 to 2471 August 1530-March 1531 / translated by Charles Fantazzi ; annotated by James M. Estes
11531:"Reforming Christianity in early sixteenth-century Italy: the Barnabites, the Somaschans, the Ursulines, and the hospitals for the incurables"
9890:"appears as a sceptic whose premise is the badness of man", while Erasmus is a sceptic whose general premise is "man is or can be made good."
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James D.Tracy notes that mistrust of the Habsburg government in the general population (partially due to the fact Maximilian and his grandson
6069:, where he tied common ownership (such as practiced by his order's style of poverty) with the teachings of classical philosophers and Christ.
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25128:
17317:"Review of Erasmus, Controversies: Collected Works of Erasmus, vol. 78, trans. Peter Matheson, Peter McCardle, Garth Tissol, and James Tracy"
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11838:"Mirrors for secretaries: the tradition of advice literature and the presence of classical political theory in Italian secretarial treatises"
10106:"Why don't we all reflect: this must be a marvelous and new philosophy since, in order to reveal it to mortals, he who was god became man..."
7252:. Other doctors have diagnosed from his written descriptions ailments such as rheumatoid arthritis, enteric rheumatism and spondylarthritis.
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These ideas widely influenced his generation of humanists, both Catholic and Protestant, and the lurid hyperbolic attacks in his half-satire
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According to philosopher John Smith "The core of his theological thought he traced back to Christ’s Sermon on the Mount, rather than Paul."
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His arthritic gout kept him housebound and unable to write: "Even on Easter Day I said mass in my bedroom." Letter to Nicolaus Olahus (1534)
5969:"I have constantly declared, in countless letters, booklets, and personal statements, that I do not want to be involved with either party."
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Collected Works of Erasmus: Paraphrases on the Epistles to the Corinthians, Ephesians, Philippans, Colossians, and Thessalonians, Volume 43
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Klein, Jan Willem; Simoni, Anna E.C. (1994). "Once more the manuscripts of Stein monastery and the copyists of the Erasmiana manuscripts".
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6444:. Erasmus' writings shifted "an intellectual culture from logical disputation about things to quarrels about texts, contexts, and words."
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In 1478, at the age of 9 (or 12), he and his older brother Peter were sent to one of the best Latin schools in the Netherlands, located at
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Sebastian Castellio, 1515-1563; Humanist and Defender of Religious Toleration in a Confessional Age; Translated and Edited by Bruce Gordon
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Sider, Robert D. (31 December 2019). "A System or Method of Arriving by a Short Cut at True Theology by Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam".
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Erasmus did not have a metaphysical bone in his frail body, and had no real feeling for the philosophical concerns of scholastic theology.
6001:
he controversially put it "Monkishness is not piety." At this time, it was better to live as "a monk in the world" than in the monastery.
985:(where young Erasmus may have attended the local vernacular school to learn to read and write) and in 1476 was promoted to vice-curate of
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7222:, a non-lethal type of Malaria which recurred numerous times for the rest of his life: he attributed his survival to the intercession of
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Opposing this, Erasmus scholar Nathan Ron wrote that Erasmus denigrated Jews by his translation and publication of the complete works of
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Pabel, Himer M. (2013). "Praise and Blame: Peter Canisius's ambivalent assessment of Erasmus". In Enenkel, Karl Alfred Engelbert (ed.).
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put intense adolescent and early-adult friendships between monks as natural and useful steps towards "spiritual friendships", following
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in a peacemaking fashion for peacemaking purposes; and any theology that promotes division and warmongering is thereby anti-Christian.
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Le père du siècle: the early modern reception of Jean Gerson (1363-1429) theological authority between Middle Ages and early modern era
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of your flock do not agree either with you or among themselves – indeed though you do not even agree with yourself, since in this same
3873:'s criticism of Erasmus) was arrested by the Spanish Inquisition and had to be ransomed from them by the humanist Archbishop of Toledo
3196:, though whether he actually was accepted for it or took it up is disputed. He studied and taught Greek and researched and lectured on
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9356:"If only the Christian church did not attach so much importance to the Old Testament! It is a thing of shadows, given us for a time."
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The Black Death and recurring plague during the late Middle Ages in the County of Hainaut: Differential impact and diverging recovery
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Rice puts it "Philosophy is felt to be a veil of pretense over an unethical reality...pious disquisitions cannot excuse immorality."
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Erasmus editor Harry Vredeveld argues that the letters are "surely expressions of true friendship", citing what Erasmus wrote in his
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909:: as a prime influencer of European thought through his New Testament and increasing public opposition to aspects of Lutheranism, in
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and started finding work as a tutor/chaperone to visiting English and Scottish aristocrats. There is no record of him graduating.
842:
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12948:
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explored): the view that Truth belongs to the exuberant, perhaps ecstatic, world of what is foolish, strange, unexpected and even
6114:
Erasmus was one of many scandalized by the sale of indulgences to fund Pope Leo X's projects. His view, given in a 1518 letter to
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library of almost 500 books to Polish humanist Jan Łaski. One of the eventual recipients was the impoverished Protestant humanist
3885:
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fell out of favour with the royal court and lost power within his own organization to friar-theologians. In 1532 Erasmus' friend,
3606:) who together published over 200 works with Erasmus, working with expert scholar-correctors who went on to illustrious careers.
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The Reformation in Basel. Oecolampadius. History of the Christian Church, Volume VIII: Modern Christianity. The Swiss Reformation
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Tracey, James (31 December 2010). "The Sponge of Erasmus against the Aspersions of Hutten/ Spongia adversus aspergines Hutteni".
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3358:- Portrait of Peter Gillis or Gilles (1517), half of a diptych with a portrait of Erasmus below, painted as a gift from them for
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6806:, and his view of ecclesiastical authorities—from priests like himself to Church Councils—as necessary mediating peace-brokers.
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4130:
27099:
24131:
22414:
18527:
Moore, Michael Edward (13 March 2019). "Truth and Irony: Philosophical Meditations on Erasmus, by Terence J. Martin (Review)".
17658:
17608:
17097:"Erasmus, Luther and the Free Will Debate: Influencing the Philosophy of Management 500 Years on-whether we realise it or not!"
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7655:
6005:
some attacked him, the more offensive he became about what he saw as their political influence and materialistic opportunism.
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Erasmus stayed in England at least three times. In between he had periods studying in Paris, Orléans, Leuven and other cities.
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15553:
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Philosopher Étienne Gilson has noted "Confronted with the same failure of philosophy to rise above the order of formal logic,
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on the (mostly successful) de-prohibition of Erasmus' works said that he died "as a Catholic having received the sacraments."
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D. F. S. Thomson found two other similar contemporary examples of humanist monks using similar florid idiom in their letters.
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25656:
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20553:. University of Toronto Press, 240 pp. Draws parallels between the two thinkers as voices of moderation with relevance today.
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14479:
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13418:
13285:"But for the Voice, the Likeness is Alive": Portraits of Erasmus of Rotterdam and Their Reception among Renaissance Humanists
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11987:
11876:
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10987:. Vol. 32, no. 1. The University of Chicago Press on behalf of the Renaissance Society of America. pp. 73–76.
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9490:
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6035:,) the downplaying of monastic hours, fasts and ceremonies, and a less mendacious approach to gullible pilgrims and tenants.
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of Jesus, Paul, and the early church: "If only the Christian church did not attach so much importance to the Old Testament!"
1238:
17:
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11507:
8533:"I am so weary of this regionI feel that there is a conspiracy to kill meMany hope for war." Letter to Erasmus Schets (1534)
7014:
Both the Old and the New Testament, like two cherubim with wings joined and unanimous voices, repeatedly sing your praise.
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3696:(Pistorius) was the first priest to be executed as a heretic in the Netherlands. In 1529, his French translator and friend
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for over a year. Eventually Erasmus moved to the same abbey as a postulant in or before 1487, around the age of 16 (or 19.)
27189:
27169:
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22014:
17217:
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6193:
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5849:.) Historians have noted that Erasmus commended the benefits of immersive, docile scripture-reading in sacramental terms.
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3379:(pub. 1516) with Erasmus' encouragement, Erasmus editing and perhaps even contributing fragments. His old Cambridge friend
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later emerged, had become so clear that many intellectuals and churchmen could not escape the summons to join the debate.
3158:"two lost years", perhaps due to self-censorship of dangerous or disgruntled opinions; he shared lodgings with his friend
78:
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15346:
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6599:"They can deal with any text of scripture as with a nose of wax, and knead it into what shape best suits their interest."
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2793:
1157:, Colet, and Ammonio. No mentions or sexual accusations were ever made of Erasmus during his lifetime. His works notably
416:
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18914:
15789:
12546:
Scheck, Thomas P. (June 2022). "Mark Vessey (ed.), Erasmus on Literature: His Ratio or 'System' of 1518/1519 (Review)".
11012:
8132:
Clarke, Peter (2005). "New sources for the history of the religious life: the registers of the Apostolic Penitentiary".
3483:. His friends and former students and old correspondents were the incoming political elite, and he had risen with them.
3128:
In 1510, Erasmus arrived at More's bustling house, was confined to bed to recover from his recurrent illness, and wrote
1004:(St. Lebuin's Church). Towards the end of his stay there the curriculum was renewed by the new principal of the school,
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Peter's inheritance.) Historians who date his birth in 1466 have Erasmus in Utrecht at the choir school at this period.
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Until Erasmus received his 1505 and 1517 Papal dispensations to wear clerical garb, Erasmus wore versions of the local
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One effect is that scriptural interpretation must be done starting with the teachings and interactions of Jesus in the
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For Erasmus, accommodation is a universal concept: humans must accommodate each other, must accommodate the church and
4718:
example, that it was not legitimate to have slaves taken in an unjust war, but it was not a subject that occupied him.
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He assisted his friend John Colet by authoring Greek textbooks and securing members of staff for the newly established
2701:
2667:
1245:
1145:
While at Stein, 18-(or 21-)year-old Erasmus fell in unrequited love, forming what he called a "passionate attachment" (
21635:
10983:
Gleason, John B. (Spring 1979). "The Birth Dates of John Colet and Erasmus of Rotterdam: Fresh Documentary Evidence".
5897:, though Erasmus found the scholastic formulation of transubstantiation to stretch language past its breaking point.
5865:
A test of the Reformation was the doctrine of the sacraments, and the crux of this question was the observance of the
1237:
In 1493, his prior arranged for him to leave the Stein house and take up the post of Latin Secretary to the ambitious
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Between Saint James and Erasmus: Studies in Late-Medieval Religious Life – Devotion and Pilgrimage in the Netherlands
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Suzanne, Hélène (December 2014). "Conscience in the Early Renaissance: the case of Erasmus, Luther and Thomas More".
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public heretics’. Nowhere else was the destruction by Christian activists so unexpected, violent, swift and complete.
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who introduced him to the Hebrew language in Mainz. In 1514, he suffered a fall from his horse and injured his back.
3236:
1249:
706:
38:
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19465:"Art, history, and rheumatism: the case of Erasmus of Rotterdam 1466-1536 suffering from pustulotic arthro-osteitis"
12345:
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Movingly remembering later, how Alexander would play the monochord, recorder or lute in the afternoon after studies.
4084:(the former cathedral). The Protestant city authorities remarkably allowed his funeral to be an ecumenical Catholic
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9365:"To Erasmus, Judaism was obsolete. To Reuchlin, something of Judaism remained of continuing value to Christianity."
9249:
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7461:
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6658:, a life lived according to the teachings of Jesus taken as a spiritual-ethical-social-political-legal philosophy:
6050:
He believed the only vow necessary for Christians should be the vow of Baptism, and others such as the vows of the
5958:
4401:
3996:
for impeding Protestantism. Damião de Góis was tried before the Portuguese Inquisition at age 72, detained almost
3410:
with an annuity of 200 guilders (over US$ 100,000), and tutored his brother, the teenage future Holy Roman Emperor
2976:
2841:
73:
17851:
16868:
16643:"'Non monachus, sed demoniacus': Crime in Medieval Religious Communities in Western Europe, 12th – 15th Centuries"
16272:
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13134:
12035:
THE REVISIONS OF THE ENGLISH HOLY BIBLE: Misunderstandings and Misconceptions about the English Bible Translations
11233:
10014:
9424:
8937:
8695:, 5000 florins could be between US$ 500,000 and US$ 5,000,000; 250 florins could be between $ 25,000 and $ 250,000
8584:(tr. F. Hopman and Barbara Flower; New York: Harper and Row, 1924), p. 190. with the "insider" interpretation of
7115:
5835:) considered as vocations more than events; and for the mysterious Eucharist, pragmatic Confession, the dangerous
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3426:
767:
of translations, books, essays, prayers and letters, he is considered one of the most influential thinkers of the
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Thomas Aquinas inspiring himself on Free Will from the writings of previous theologians such as Augustine. (1652)
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In 1522, Erasmus' compatriot, former teacher (c. 1502) and friend from University of Louvain unexpectedly became
3411:
3093:, advised him which manuscripts to publish, and was an honorary member of the graecophone Aldine "New Academy" (
2828:
Following his first trip to England, Erasmus returned first to poverty in Paris, where he started to compile the
1057:
satirizes them as the "Collationary Brethren" who select and sort boys for monkhood. He was exposed there to the
824:
22230:
20687:
Discusses both the Toronto translation and the entirely separate Latin edition published in Amsterdam since 1969
17630:
Leushuis, Reinier (2015). "The Paradox of Christian Epicureanism in Dialogue: Erasmus' Colloquy The Epicurean".
17545:
Roberts, Hugh (1 January 2006). "Dogs' Tales: Representations of Ancient Cynicism in French Renaissance Texts".
12091:
11647:
Forrest Tyler Stevens, "Erasmus's 'Tigress': The Language of Friendship, Pleasure, and the Renaissance Letter".
7244:
Various illnesses have been diagnosed of the skeletons claimed to be his, including pustulotic arthro-osteitis,
6153:
In 1520, Erasmus wrote that "Luther ought to be answered and not crushed." However, the publication of Luther's
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21834:
21829:
21664:
21501:
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21342:
21186:
21038:
20268:
20216:
20046:
16754:"The Influence of Erasmus upon Melanchthon, Luther and the Formula of Concord in the Doctrine of Justification"
14871:
13167:
11725:
9746:
7791:
7659:
6061:
for all believers, and with more than lip service: for example, the first adage of his reputation-establishing
4739:
4668:
3848:
In the 1530s, life became more dangerous for Spanish Erasmians when Erasmus' protector, the Inquisitor General
1069:
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all his life, remaining committed to reforming the church from within. He promoted the traditional doctrine of
830:
395:
210:
20628:
19302:"The Gout of Desiderius Erasmus and Willibald Pirckheimer: Medical Autobiography and Its Literary Reflections"
18120:
17480:
Gianoutsos, Jamie A. (4 May 2019). "Sapientia and Stultitia in John Colet's Commentary on First Corinthians".
10771:
10326:
Erasmus quoted "I have become all things to all men, that I might by all means save some." ( Cor. 9:22, RSV).
8392:
In his own house "Zur alten Treu" which Froben had bought in 1521 and fitted with Erasmus' required fireplace.
7892:
7493:
to solicit Erasmus's support for the Lutheran cause, which Erasmus politely declined. Erasmus wrote a glowing
7465:
7296:, Chapter of Sion, which varied by region and house, unless travelling: in general, a white or perhaps black
7083:
6126:
3609:
His initial interest in Froben's operation was aroused by his discovery of the printer's folio edition of the
1268:
from the vow of poverty to the extent of allowing Erasmus to hold certain benefices, and from the control and
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26351:
25748:
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24580:
24091:
23410:
23243:
23036:
22895:
22746:
21783:
21657:
21318:
21269:
20304:
19093:
Smith, David R (September 2005). "Portrait and Counter-Portrait in Holbein's The Family of Sir Thomas More".
18446:
Pabel, Hilmar M. (1995). "Promoting the Business of the Gospel: Erasmus' Contribution to Pastoral Ministry".
17937:
The Medium was the Message: Classical Rhetoric and the Materiality of Language from Empedocles to Shakespeare
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9314:
9126:
4984:
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3317:
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3104:
In 1507, according to his letters, he studied advanced Greek in Padua with the Venetian natural philosopher,
1104:
Poverty had forced Erasmus into the consecrated life, entering the novitiate in 1487 at the canonry at rural
184:
156:
26767:
24916:
17691:
16051:"Erasmus' attitude to towards Islam in the light of Nicholas of Cusa's De pace fidei and Cribiatio alkorani"
11584:
10337:
Leushuis, Reinier (3 July 2017). "Emotion and Imitation: The Jesus Figure in Erasmus's Gospel Paraphrases".
9860:
Monfasani, John (2012). "Twenty-fifth Annual Margaret Mann Phillips Lecture: Erasmus and the Philosophers".
7942:
5635:
4831:
3447:
3328:, exposed Erasmus to much criticism from those ascetics, academics and clerics hostile to the principles of
2900:
himself offered his support. He was inclined, but eventually did not accept and longed for a stay in Italy.
2715:. There is no record of him gaining any degree. Erasmus was particularly impressed by the Bible teaching of
27134:
27129:
25726:
24650:
24519:
23385:
21839:
21509:
20839:
20439:
Contemporaries of Erasmus: a biographical register of the Renaissance and Reformation; volumes 1 - 3, A - Z
16479:
Williams, David (15 November 2022). "Sacramental Reading: Foxe's Book of Actes and Milton's Fifth Gospel".
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7831:
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5740:
3866:
3688:
In 1523, he provided financial support to the impoverished and disgraced former Latin Secretary of Antwerp
3232:
2980:
18281:
7998:
But also a capacity to feel betrayal sharply, as with his brother Peter, "Cantellius", Aleander, and Dorp.
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Erasmus was given the sobriquet "Prince of the Humanists", and has been called "the crowning glory of the
6431:
5660:
3947:
3476:
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which called for a reformation of ecclesiastical affairs. At Colet's instigation, Erasmus started work on
3059:
at age 37 (or 40.) Erasmus stayed tutoring in Bologna for a year; in the winter, Erasmus was present when
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1154:
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17153:, Peter Macardle, Clarence H. Miller, trans., Charles Trinkhaus, ed., University of Toronto Press, 1999,
17045:
15742:"Ad Fontes: Desiderius Erasmus' Call for a Return to the Sources of a Unified and Simple Christian Faith"
12822:
11139:
8598:
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programme as a "key achievement": "Almost 640,000 people studied, trained or volunteered abroad in 2020."
7137:
6814:
For Erasmus, further to accommodating humans in his Incarnation, Christ accommodated humans by a kind of
6726:
Historian Manfred Hoffmann has described accommodation as "the single most important concept in Erasmus'
5480:
4706:
3640:, Erasmus' long-researched project of philological notes of the New Testament along the lines of Valla's
3170:
1050:
774:
Erasmus was an important figure in classical scholarship who wrote in a spontaneous, copious and natural
409:
12971:
10543:
This is quite contrary to Luther's privileging of his scheme of justification, its associated verses of
10405:
However, this may go too far: "The Christian Faith does not recognize either inlibration or inverbation"
9842:
8483:, the humanist preacher who had led the efforts in Basel to resist Œcolampadius. Emerton (1889), p.449.
8028:
The position of Latin Secretary to some great churchman or prince had a long and distinguished history:
7924:
6072:
His main Catholic opposition, during had been from scholars in the mendicant orders. He purported that "
3744:
In Spring early 1530 Erasmus was bedridden for three months with an intensely painful infection, likely
3559:
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25482:
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In the latter, Lady Peace insists on peace as the crux of Christian life and for understanding Christ:
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1117:
1045:
In 1484, around the age 14 (or 17), he and his brother went to a cheaper grammar school or seminary at
371:
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26520:
24096:
20458:
Encounters with a Radical Erasmus. Erasmus' Work as a Source of Radical Thought in Early Modern Europe
20409:
17714:
10894:"Erasmus as Adolescent: "Shipwrecked am I, and lost, 'mid waters chill'": Erasmus to Sister Elisabeth"
8472:
7191:". He has also been called "the most illustrious rhetorician and educationalist of the Renaissance".
5420:
4476:, Erasmus concludes that truth is furthered by a more harmonious relationship between interlocutors."
3784:
in Sweden and the Ethiopian church, and stimulated Erasmus' increasing awareness of foreign missions.
1276:, though he remained a priest and, formally, an Augustinian canon regular the rest his life. In 1517,
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24670:
23600:
22978:
22439:
21889:
21873:
21748:
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Appelboom, T.; Rouffin, C.; Vanherweghem, J. L.; Vanden Branden, J. P.; Ehrlich, G. (December 1986).
18225:
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15493:
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Secret lives, public lies: the conversos and socio-religious non-conformism in the Spanish Golden Age
12908:
10949:
9173:"...in large part half-Christian and perhaps nearer to true Christianity than most of our own folk."
8275:
The lost Reformation: Why Lutheranism failed in England during the reigns of Henry VIII and Edward VI
6873:
6714:
In the view of literary historian Chester Chapin, Erasmus' tendency of thought was "towards cautious
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5370:
4039:
having died, and private practice of his religion now possible) and saw his last major works such as
3939:
2654:
2610:
1005:
477:
19844:
15726:
Adiaphora and the Apocalypse: Protestant Moral Rhetoric of Ritual at the End of History (1990 –2003)
11014:
The Epistles of Erasmus: from his earliest letters to his fifty-first year arranged in order of time
7724:
Vollerthun and Richardson suggest three phases, grouping the first two quarters for their purposes.
7634:
is an "international, interdisciplinary Bachelor of Science programme in Liberal Arts and Sciences."
7095:
6372:
Erasmus wrote books against aspects of the teaching, impacts or threats of several other Reformers:
5829:, and their ramifications: notably for the underappreciated sacraments of Baptism and Marriage (see
4371:
4027:(sister of his former student Archduke Ferdinand I and Emperor Charles V), to move from Freiburg to
1232:
Latin Secretaries became a significant part of Erasmus' later network of correspondents and friends.
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15115:
Chester, Stephen (April 2008). "When the Old Was New: Reformation Perspectives on Galatians 2:16".
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12792:
10591:"Erasmus saw the scholastic exercise, in its high intellectualism, as fundamentally wrong-headed."
10548:
7691:
7640:
7474:
7389:
7218:
Erasmus was a quite sickly man and frequently worked from his sickbed. As a teenager he contracted
6905:
treats the primary and initial teaching of Jesus in the first Gospel as a theological methodology.
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5085:
4841:
4811:
4498:
Erasmus had been involved in early attempts to protect Luther and his sympathisers from charges of
4297:
A historian has called him "The 16th Century's Pioneer of Peace Education and a Culture of Peace".
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31:
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properly so called, in which these two fundamental researches yield their fruit; and finally, the
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forth in Sacred Scripture or whatever has been handed down to us by the authority of the Church.
1241:, Henry of Bergen, on account of his great skill in Latin and his reputation as a man of letters.
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21398:
21118:
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20405:
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19804:
19718:
15227:
Dunkelgrün, Theodor (16 November 2017). "The Christian Study of Judaism in Early Modern Europe".
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1063:
836:
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423:
402:
366:
310:
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16325:
11892:
Klein, Jan Willem (21 June 2018). "Copyist B of the Erasmiana Manuscripts in Gouda Identified".
11678:
10440:, that each biblical book requires a different mode of proceeding as history, law, lyric, etc.
7289:
5405:
4404:, whom Erasmus blamed for allegedly preventing the Netherlands from signing a peace treaty with
3884:
There was a generational change in the Catholic hierarchy. In 1530, the reforming French bishop
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Biblical Criticism in Early Modern Europe: Erasmus, the Johannine Comma, and Trinitarian Debate
20153:
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Shoes, Boots, Leggings, and Cloaks: The Augustinian Canons and Dress in Later Medieval England
19152:
18868:
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12269:
Pacifism in the English Renaissance, 1497-1530: John Colet, Erasmus, Thomas More and J.L. Vives
12136:
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8451:
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is one of Europe's foremost recognitions for culture, society or social science. It was won by
6286:
you say one thing in the beginning and something else later on, recanting what you said before.
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5927:
5874:
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5230:
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3563:
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3166:' compound, skipping out after a disagreement with the friars over rent that caused bad blood.
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514:
460:
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26681:
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17239:
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16465:
12581:
11824:
11077:
Mansfield, Bruce (6 May 2003). "Erasmus in the Twentieth Century: Interpretations 1920-2000".
8342:
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in Latin and Greek (1516). The issues between the reforming and reactionary tendencies of the
3207:
while lecturing at the university, between 1511 and 1515. Erasmus' rooms were located in the "
2546:
179:
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19551:
Appelboom, T. (1 June 2004). "Art and history: a large research avenue for rheumatologists".
18410:
Jarrott, C. A. L. (1964). "Erasmus' "In Principio Erat Sermo": A Controversial Translation".
17076:
15690:
15262:"ארסמוס והיהודים – מחקר פסיכו-היסטורי / Erasmus and the Jews — a Psychohistoric Reëvaluation"
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was a scholarly name meaning "from Rotterdam", though the Latin toponymic adjective would be
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He (Christ) conquered by gentleness; He conquered by kindness; he conquered by truth itself
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that his income was over 300 ducats per year (over US$ 150,000) without including patronage.
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18936:
18639:
Biblical Commentary and Translation in Later Medieval England: Experiments in Interpretation
16683:
16389:
Tylenda, Joseph N. (December 1971). "Book Review: Erasmus: His Theology of the Sacraments".
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15983:
15832:
11777:"Desiderius Erasmus, Dutch Renaissance humanist, Catholic priest and theologian (1466-1536)"
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6654:, The Education of a Christian Prince and the Colloquies, Erasmus developed his idea of the
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Erasmus wrote in terms of a tri-partite nature of man, with the soul the seat of free will:
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Certain works of Erasmus laid a foundation for religious toleration of private opinions and
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granted, for health reasons, a dispensation to eat meat and dairy in Lent and on fast days.
802:, with annotations and commentary that were immediately and vitally influential in both the
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20898:( Publication series: Exhibitions on the History of Nonviolent Resistance, No. 1, Editors:
20896:"War is sweet to those who have no experience of it ..." - Protest against Violence and War
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Erasmus was not out-of-step with opinion within the church: Archbishop Bernard II Zinni of
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However, note that such crushes or bromances may not have been scandalous at the time: the
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Erasmus did also have significant support and contact with reform-minded friars, including
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He stayed in various locations including Anderlecht (near Brussels) in the summer of 1521.
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on 27 or 28 October ("the vigil of Simon and Jude") in the late 1460s. He was named after
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Sider, Robert (31 December 2020). Sider, Robert D. (ed.). "Erasmus on the New Testament".
16204:
Cohen, Jeremy (15 August 2022). "3. The Latin West: From Augustine to Luther and Calvin".
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The Cambridge History of the Bible: Volume 2: The West from the Fathers to the Reformation
14893:
14506:
14496:
12611:
Tinelli, Elisa (January 2018). "Erasmus' Panegyricus ad Philippum Austriae ducem (1504)".
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Demolen, Richard L. (1973). "Erasmus' Commitment to the Canons Regular of St. Augustine".
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He spent the first two years in Freiburg as a guest of the city in the unfinished mansion
8036:. The position was important but not lucrative, unless a stepping-stone to other offices.
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However, Erasmus maintained friendly relations with other Protestants, notably the irenic
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Responsio ad fratres Inferioris Germaniae ad epistolam apologeticam incerto autoreproditam
6228:
situation worse for all, especially for the humanist reform agenda. He eventually chose a
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3723:, left Basel on the 13 April 1529 and departed by ship to the Catholic university town of
3215:, continuously begging in letters that his friends send him books and money for teachers.
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19172:"Christian History 145 Erasmus: Christ's humanist by Christian History Institute - Issuu"
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Collected works of Erasmus: an introduction with Erasmus' prefaces and ancillary writings
17291:
The Hybrid Reformation: A Social, Cultural, and Intellectual History of Contending Forces
15152:
The Hybrid Reformation: A Social, Cultural, and Intellectual History of Contending Forces
13399:"On Good Government: Erasmus's Institutio Principis Christiani versus Lipsius's Politica"
12137:"Theologians and Their Bellies: The Erasmian Epithet Theologaster during the Reformation"
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The only works with enduring popularity in modern time are his satires and semi-satires:
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Useful "philosophy" needed to be limited to (or re-defined as) the practical and moral:
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Erasmus expressed much of his reform program in terms of the proper attitude towards the
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818:
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Understanding and Presence: The Literary Achievement of the Early Modern Sermon (Thesis)
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Dialogues between Faith and Reason: The Death and Return of God in Modern German Thought
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Canterbury Cathedral, England has a statue of Erasmus on the North Face, placed in 1870.
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Quinten Metsys (Massijs), medal commissioned by Desiderius Erasmus. 1519, bronze, 105 mm
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First was his medieval Dutch childhood, ending with his being orphaned and impoverished;
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Essary, Kirk (2016). "Fiery Heart and Fiery Tongue: Emotion in Erasmus' Ecclesiastes".
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Ingenium et labor. Studia ofiarowane Profesorowi Antoniemu Ziembie z okazji 60. urodzin
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9156:"The Non-Cosmopolitan Erasmus: An Examination of his Turkophobic/Islamophobic Rhetoric"
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Subsequent students included Ignatius of Loyola, Noël Béda, Jean Calvin, and John Knox.
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The correct direction of passionate love was also a feature of the spirituality of the
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7842:, these ... associations did not emphasise the institutional aspect of religious life."
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3391:. However, in 1517, his great friend Ammonio died in England of the Sweating Sickness.
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3162:(Latin secretary to Mountjoy, and the next year, to Henry VIII) provided at the London
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15554:"The Field of Cloth of Gold | Hampton Court Palace | Historic Royal Palaces"
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Proceedings of the World Congress of Jewish Studies / דברי הקונגרס העולמי למדעי היהדות
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This assertion is contradicted by Gonzalo Ponce de Leon speaking in 1595 at the Roman
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Rhenanus shared many humanist contacts from Paris and Strassburg: a former student of
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1523. Erasmus used the Holbein portraits as gifts for his friends in England, such as
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Erasmus frequently gifted portraits and medals with his image to friends and patrons.
7077:) was to make notes on whatever he was reading, categorized by theme: he carted these
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to it, haranguing them in their Sermons, that it is a just, holy and religious War. "
5400:
4228:"the angels sang not the glories of war, nor a song of triumph, but a hymn of peace.":
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was a major event in his career and prompted Erasmus to study the New Testament using
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The life and career of Thomas Boleyn (1477–1539): courtier, ambassador, and statesman
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Printing and Reading Italian Latin Humanism in Renaissance Europe (ca. 1470-ca. 1540)
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Avarucci, Giuseppe (1983). "Due codici scritti da 'Gerardus Helye' padre di Erasmo".
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9638:, wrote "The poison of Erasmus has a much more dangerous effect than that of Luther"
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8805:
The Non-Cosmopolitan Erasmus: An Examination of his Turkophobic/Islamophobic Rhetoric
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England, Flanders, France, and Germany, but even in Poland and Hungary..." quoted in
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It has the Erasmus Institute for Philosophy and Economics (EIPE), which produces the
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spiritual more than academic exercise. Erasmus' has been called rhetorical theology (
6587:: in particular the curriculum and systematic methods of the post-Aquinas Schoolmen (
6583:
He usually eschewed metaphysical, epistemological and logical philosophy as found in
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was "was precisely what Erasmus disliked about Luther" and "Protestant polemicists."
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Unusually for a Christian theologian of any time, he perceived and championed strong
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religious ideal—constantly aspired to if seldom attained—was peace and mutual love."
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Despite increasing frailty Erasmus continued to work productively, notably on a new
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20475:
Exploiting Erasmus: The Erasmian Legacy and Religious Change in Early Modern England
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14462:
Erasmus, Desiderius (31 December 2021). Estes, James M.; Dalzell, Alexander (eds.).
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Richard III's books: ideals and reality in the life and library of a medieval prince
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such nefarious activities, and regarded them as inseparable from waging a crusade."
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Visser, Arnoud (2017). "Irreverent Reading: Martin Luther as Annotator of Erasmus".
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6753:"In the beginning was the Word" more like "In the beginning was Speech: using Latin
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3970:
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3406:). Regarding the last, Erasmus had accepted an honorary position as a Councillor to
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Erasmus travelled on to Venice, working on an expanded version of his Adagia at the
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14950:"Two Erasmuses and Two Luthers: Erasmus' strategy in defense of De libero arbitrio"
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Geloven in de Lage landen; scharniermomenten in de geschiedenis van het Christendom
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6484:(rhetoric, political education, syncretism.) However, his Christianized version of
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arriving at left. The figure on horseback with raised sword ahead of Henry VIII is
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In 1495 with Bishop Henry's consent and a stipend, Erasmus went on to study at the
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Erasmus, Europe and Cosmopolitanism: the Humanist Image and Message in his Letters
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van Kooten, George; Payne, Matthew; Rex, Richard; Bloemendal, Jan (6 March 2024).
16571:
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12235:
11425:, Translated by Clarence H. Miller, University of Toronto Press, pp. xiv–xv,
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8562:
and formally complaining about the protestantized English translation of Erasmus'
8211:
7780:"Poverty stricken, suffering from quartan fever, and pressurized by his guardians"
7065:'s household has been called "the first real biography in the real modern sense."
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4441:
3285: • Jan van Borssele • Jean de Neve •
1120:. In 1488–1490, the surrounding region was plundered badly by armies fighting the
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24404:
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23754:
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21950:
21153:
20318:
20278:
20121:
19587:"Four canons with Sts Augustine and Jerome by an open grave, with the Visitation"
19060:
Tello, Joan (25 January 2023). "Catalogue of the Works of Erasmus of Rotterdam".
17366:
17174:
Erasmus and the Middle Ages: The Historical Consciousness of a Christian Humanist
16710:
16105:
15932:
Remer, Gary (1989). "Rhetoric and the Erasmian Defense of Religious Toleration".
15427:
14210:
13952:"Pope Adrian VI, the 'Barbarian From the North' Who Wanted to Reform the Vatican"
13671:
12877:
12649:
12624:
11807:
11498:
11420:
10856:
Vredeveld, Harry (Winter 1993). "The Ages of Erasmus and the Year of his Birth".
10680:
10662:
9787:
9735:"Hercules, Silenus and the Fly: Lucian's Rhetorical Paradoxes in Erasmus' Ethics"
9482:
9275:
9187:
Remer, Gary (1989). "Rhetoric and the Erasmian Defense of Religious Toleration".
8634:) noting Erasmus' stipulation that this was "as the (Catholic) Church believes."
8380:
8376:
8114:
7974:
7123:
6592:
6544:, Erasmus was the first modern scholar "to note the similarities between Plato's
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5505:
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5395:
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5210:
5145:
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against which the failures of Christian culture can be exposed and criticized."
4051:
3989:
3962:
3946:, who Erasmus and More had first met as a boy. Despite illness Erasmus wrote the
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2955:
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humanism. For instance, Erasmus became an intimate friend of an Italian humanist
2469:
Erasmus traveled widely and regularly, for reasons of poverty, "escape" from his
1183:
1171:
1134:
1058:
1020:(Rotterdam?) where he was supported by Berthe de Heyden, a compassionate widow.
860:
779:
744:
609:
529:
519:
466:
26435:
18787:
16339:
16069:
15075:
Bouyer, Louis (1969). "Erasmus in Relation to the Medieval Biblical Tradition".
13062:
12765:, Ed. H.M. Allen, (Oxford University Press, 1937), Ep. 3032: 219–22; 2682: 8–13.
12744:
Murray, Stuart. 2009. The library: an illustrated history. Chicago, ALA Editions
12499:
12435:
11944:
9593:
connotes more than just good, but also moral, honest and brave literature. Such
8107:
4606:
However, there is a wide range of scholarly opinion on the extent and nature of
2892:'s house, now a lawyer and Member of Parliament, honing his translation skills.
1230: • Pierre Barbier • Lambert Grunnius (fictitious)
26832:
26807:
26736:
26676:
26450:
26445:
26425:
26380:
26215:
26210:
26155:
26077:
26057:
25994:
25870:
25731:
25648:
25432:
25377:
25166:
24987:
24810:
24700:
24630:
24529:
24504:
24374:
24344:
24304:
24269:
24126:
24051:
24036:
24031:
23922:
23912:
23622:
23573:
23333:
23323:
23263:
23211:
23148:
23043:
22968:
22925:
22905:
22694:
22570:
22531:
22225:
22215:
22210:
22134:
21618:
21559:
21554:
21382:
21350:
20789:
20344:
Erasmus and the Age of Reformation,with a Selection from the Letters of Erasmus
20338:
19930:
18690:
18670:
18396:
17151:
Collected Works of Erasmus, Controversies: De Libero Arbitrio / Hyperaspistes I
16534:
16402:
15655:
13366:
13351:"Erasmus: The 16th Century's Pioneer of Peace Education and a Culture of Peace"
12220:
11500:
Imitations of Christ: Ignatius of Loyola, Philip Neri and the influence of the
10672:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 10 August 2019 from New Advent:
10480:
10084:
9846:
as well as with an allergy to dogmatic formulations and an appreciation of the
9819:
9614:
9606:
9598:
9304:
9296:
9065:
8959:
8577:
8458:, op. cit., p26, says that Œcolampadius wanted to drive Erasmus from the city.
8415:
8402:
8033:
8011:
7737:
7585:
7564:
7504:
7488:
also produced portraits of Erasmus, whom he met three times, in the form of an
7479:
7385:
7374:
7350:
7318:
7241:(which had killed his parents) but several others diagnosed as not the plague.
7119:
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6420:
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5690:
5515:
5435:
5425:
5295:
5235:
4989:
4962:
4927:
4863:
4776:
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4584:
4109:
4063:
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4023:
When his strength began to fail, he finally decided to accept an invitation by
3905:
3889:
3830:
3748:, that, unusually for him, left him too ill to work. He declined to attend the
3658:
3525:
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3159:
3137:
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3094:
3090:
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2915:
2897:
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2720:
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2614:
2606:
2602:
1261:
1191:
1146:
1125:
937:
799:
791:
727:
569:
263:
243:
26917:
21738:
21180:
The first tome or volume of the Paraphrase of Erasmus vpon the newe testamente
20755:
20740:
20716:
19634:"Some Uses of Experiment for Understanding Early Knitting and Erasmus' Bonnet"
19439:
19069:
19018:
18772:
18646:
18540:
18194:
18164:
17917:
17643:
17558:
17466:
17428:
17395:
17030:
16975:
16947:
16930:
16488:
16213:
16180:
15613:
The Social and Psychological Underpinnings of Commercial Arbitration in Europe
15539:
15519:
15308:
15236:
15159:
15008:
14914:
14308:
14258:
14177:
14131:
14038:
14027:
Rublack, Ulinka (2017). "People and Networks in the Age of the Reformations".
13867:
13832:
13410:
12723:
12153:
11905:
11112:
10787:
10735:
10726:
Olin, John (23 October 2020). "Introduction: Erasmus, a Biographical Sketch".
10712:
9922:
9873:
9814:"Despite a lack of formal philosophical training and an antipathy to medieval
8981:
8748:
His mode of expression made him "slippery like a snake" according to Luther -
8313:
Historians have speculated that Erasmus passed on to More an early version of
5650:
3781:
3700:
was burnt in Paris, following his condemnation as an anti-Rome heretic by the
3636:
In collaboration with Froben and his team, the scope and ambition of Erasmus'
3040:
In 1506 they passed through Turin and he arranged to be awarded the degree of
2571:
During this time, Erasmus developed a deep aversion to exclusive or excessive
27053:
27013:
26983:
26912:
26605:
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26150:
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25256:
25136:
25078:
24992:
24941:
24926:
24815:
24524:
24509:
24499:
24484:
24434:
24389:
24349:
24284:
24279:
24249:
24116:
24056:
23998:
23722:
23536:
23303:
23228:
23111:
23091:
23003:
22958:
22169:
21897:
21567:
21253:
21191:
20666:
20627:(U of Toronto Press, 1974–2023). 84/86 volumes published as of mid 2023; see
20177:
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19645:
19529:
19372:
19317:
19278:
19248:
19226:
19026:
18902:
18493:
18358:
18309:
18241:
18226:"Religion and Right in the Philosophia Christriana of Erasmus from Rotterdam"
17839:
17332:
16962:
Cummings, Brian (1 January 2013). "Erasmus and the Invention of Literature".
16848:
16777:
16252:
15277:
15190:
15128:
14801:
14347:
14005:
13648:
13556:
13214:
13090:
12507:
12443:
12400:
12307:
12162:
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11221:
11174:
11144:
10909:
10673:
10655:
10259:
10175:
10002:
9855:
9851:
9847:
9815:
9412:
9229:
9091:
8906:
8720:
Erkenntnis und Verwirklichung der wahren Theologie nach Erasmus von Rotterdam
8670:
8267:
8233:
7979:, Translated by Clarence H. Miller, University of Toronto Press, p. xv,
7835:
7594:
7537:
7422:'s "Death is the ultimate boundary of things," which re-casts the motto as a
7354:
7293:
7219:
6131:
6054:, while admirable in intent and content, were now mainly counter-productive.
5943:
5600:
5530:
5345:
5330:
5290:
5205:
5160:
5150:
5011:
4937:
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and other schemes to cause wars in order to extract money from his subjects.
4081:
4036:
4017:
3958:
3916:
3693:
3595:
3579:
3540: • Gilbert Cousin • Jakob Näf •
3384:
3368:
3258:
3163:
3026:
3001:
2801:
2768:
Jean Vitrier (or Vourier) • Jacob/James Batt •
2679:
2630:
2626:
2576:
2557:
2553:
1219:
1077:
868:
499:
225:
140:
20876:
20169:
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19218:
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17289:
15777:
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to enter," Erasmus warned, "else you might bump your head and bounce back!"
9589:
8616:
8093:
6741:; which in turn merely reflects the eternal mutual accommodation within the
4344:
3818:(1534) which would be one of Erasmus' most popular and most hijacked works.
3063:
entered victorious into the conquered Bologna which he had besieged before.
2888:
For Erasmus' second visit, he spent over a year staying at recently married
26998:
26937:
26847:
26656:
26316:
26120:
25959:
25899:
25575:
25417:
25362:
25035:
24494:
24489:
24464:
24394:
24329:
24289:
24259:
24254:
24166:
24156:
24046:
23781:
23776:
23764:
23685:
23671:
23595:
23248:
23238:
23201:
23191:
23181:
23073:
22988:
22920:
22817:
22481:
22205:
22154:
21849:
21758:
21334:
21102:
20941:
20880:
20512:
20417:
19572:
19513:
19388:
18299:
18176:
15039:
14965:
14395:
13109:
12559:
12284:"Dean Colet's Convocation Sermon and the Pre-Reformation Church in England"
11213:
9635:
9207:
8475:
this rent, and that of another refugee from Basel in his house, his fellow
7424:
7277:
7223:
7165:
Holbein's studies of Erasmus's hands, in silverpoint and chalks, ca. 1523 (
7078:
6727:
6485:
6388:
5725:
5265:
5140:
4979:
4660:
4607:
4388:
He spoke more freely about this matter in letters sent to his friends like
4085:
3734:
3521:
3274:
3133:
3086:
3071:
2931:
2797:
2634:
2556:, of whose rigors he complained. The university was then the chief seat of
1215:
1187:
1179:
906:
599:
55:
26922:
26711:
20292:
19537:
19511:
19498:
19333:
18736:
Marius, Richard (1998). "Eleventh-Annual Margaret Mann Phillips Lecture".
18031:
17259:
16433:
15583:
14848:
14471:
13758:
13507:
12800:
11088:
10452:
comes from Origen and was also picked up by Melanchthon. Saarinen, Risto.
9245:
7195:
By the 1570s, "Everyone had assimilated Erasmus to one extent or another."
6786:
In this light, Erasmus' ability to have friendly correspondence with both
4730:
3394:
In 1516, Erasmus published the first edition of his scholarly Latin-Greek
3225:
1227:
1124:
of succession and then suffered a famine. Erasmus professed his vows as a
26932:
26902:
26867:
26862:
26837:
26822:
26792:
26390:
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25894:
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25407:
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25311:
25286:
25251:
25186:
25176:
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24544:
24539:
24339:
24324:
24191:
24171:
24151:
24003:
23978:
23937:
23798:
23707:
23697:
23659:
23617:
23580:
23546:
23268:
23253:
23133:
23128:
22674:
22607:
22526:
22491:
22471:
22139:
21999:
21981:
21824:
21715:
21544:
21539:
20888:
20637:(U of Toronto Press, 1975–2023), 21/21 volumes down to 1536 are published
20154:"The Allegation of Erasmus' Syphilis and the Question of His Burial Site"
19480:
18387:
Hoffmann, Manfred (July 1991). "Erasmus on Language and Interpretation".
16229:"Review of Opera Omnia. vo. V-2. Opera Omnia vol. V-3. Opera Omnia. II-4"
15023:
14949:
14676:
Hoffmann, Manfred (Summer 1989). "Faith and Piety in Erasmus's Thought".
14582:
13195:
Nederlands Archief voor Kerkgeschiedenis / Dutch Review of Church History
10437:
10372:
10050:
9887:
9332:
7919:
Erasmus used similar expressions in letters to other friends at the time.
7683:
7666:
7373:. The ring was also depicted in a portrait of his by the Flemish painter
7281:
7062:
6936:
6921:
Another important concept to Erasmus was "the Folly of the Cross" (which
6787:
6588:
6408:
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5735:
5730:
5640:
5630:
5620:
5520:
5360:
5355:
5325:
5260:
5240:
4876:
4780:
4567:
4450:
4389:
4168:
3935:
3931:
3901:
3662:
3622:
3372:
3359:
3189:
3147:
2889:
2745:, and whose intellect had been developed by his powerful patron Cardinal
2742:
2738:
2724:
2675:
2594:
2561:
1285:
962:
958:
872:
850:
803:
760:
524:
494:
238:
22060:
20913:
19325:
19301:
19286:
19262:
19234:
19202:
19034:
19002:
18501:
18477:
18019:
16295:
15906:
15890:
15663:
15639:
15285:
15261:
15198:
15174:
14809:
14786:"Erasmus and the Cracow Humanists: The Purchase of His Library by Łaski"
14785:
14727:
Between Saint James and Erasmus: Studies in Late Medieval Religious Life
14385:
13656:
13632:
13309:"The Thomism of Bartolomé de Las Casas and the Indians of the New World"
13222:
13190:
12315:
12283:
11980:
The Correspondence of Erasmus: Letters 2204-2356 (August 1529-July 1530)
11554:
11530:
11182:
11158:
11078:
10917:
10893:
10705:
The Idea of International Society: Erasmus, Vitoria, Gentili and Grotius
10036:"For I am ready to swear that Epimenides came to life again in Scotus."
9663:"The differences between Erasmus and Luther in their approach to reform"
9237:
9213:
9160:
Akademik Tarih ve Düşünce Dergisi (Academic Journal of History and Idea)
9099:
9075:
8678:
8646:
8241:
8217:
7588:
project is aimed at attracting non-European students to study in Europe.
7456:
Commemorative coins or medals of Erasmus by Göbel, Georg Wilhelm (1790)
6703:
Three key distinctive features of the spirituality Erasmus proposed are
6031:
requiring work not begging (reflecting the practice of his own order of
3650:
and pirated individually throughout Europe— then finally his amplified
27018:
26395:
26311:
25979:
25839:
25600:
25422:
25073:
24901:
24780:
24740:
24309:
24299:
24176:
24106:
23993:
23962:
23942:
23886:
23881:
23836:
23731:
23196:
22993:
22915:
22900:
22689:
22659:
22622:
22580:
22575:
22506:
22144:
21819:
21778:
21086:
20971:
20674:
20642:
19514:"Can a diagnosis be made in retrospect? The case of Desiderius Erasmus"
19380:
19348:
18423:
18366:
18334:
17847:
17815:
17781:
Boyle, Marjorie O'rourke (25 November 1999). "Evangelism and Erasmus".
17101:
Conference: Philosophy of Management Conference University of Greenwich
16856:
16824:
16785:
16753:
16529:. Cambridge Companions to Religion. Cambridge University Press: 28–38.
16260:
16228:
15692:
Holland Under Habsburg Rule, 1506-1566: The Formation of a Body Politic
14866:. Hants England; Burlington, Vermont, USA: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
14703:
14013:
13989:
13564:
13532:
13249:
13118:
12408:
12384:
12069:
11475:
11399:
11229:
11197:
10992:
10865:
10163:
10010:
9978:
9420:
9388:
8933:
8917:
8772:
8763:
7885:
7647:
7316:(cape), perhaps with an asymmetrical black cope of cloth or sheepskin (
7238:
6889:
6803:
6624:(Not to be confused with his Italian contemporary Chrysostom Javelli's
6500:
6492:
6461:
6115:
5836:
5826:
5185:
4898:
4806:
4480:
4248:
4074:
3943:
3719:
Erasmus, in company with other Basel Catholic priests including Bishop
3681:
3618:
3456:
3054:
3021:
2989:
2716:
2711:
During his first visit to England in 1499, he studied or taught at the
2598:
2550:
1277:
1093:
351:
230:
144:
24844:
19777:
19745:
17137:(Assertion of all the Articles condemned by the Bull of Leo X, 1520),
17135:
Assertio omnium articulorum per bullam Leonis X. novissimam damnatorum
14355:
14323:
13375:
12515:
12483:
11952:
11928:
8555:
During which he occupied himself copying out quotations from Erasmus'
7161:
6423:
commented: "Certainly there was no lack of eggs for Luther to hatch."
4300:
Erasmus' emphasis on peacemaking reflects a typical pre-occupation of
2490:
26554:
26240:
25834:
25565:
25437:
24820:
24770:
24534:
24409:
24136:
23907:
23831:
23738:
23712:
23632:
23338:
23063:
22885:
22714:
22679:
22664:
22627:
22044:
21611:
21130:
12061:
Apostolic theology and humanism at the University of Paris, 1490–1540
12059:
10146:
as taught by Erasmus has never been factual reality; wherever it was
9831:
9827:
8876:
conveniently ignored the anti-semitic aspect of Erasmus’ statement."
8283:
8214:, the former tutor of Prince Arthur, had promised to cover the rent.
7896:
7658:(CJEU). The building houses the chambers of the judges of the CJEU's
7598:
7578:
7533:
7489:
7445:
7362:
7273:
6765:
6481:
6473:
6469:
6453:
6383:
6257:
6253:
6108:
5959:
criticism of clerical corruption and abuses within the Western Church
5866:
4917:
4821:
4525:
4465:
4252:
4204:
4047:
3993:
3810:(1533) which sold out in three hours at the Frankfurt Book Fair, and
3712:
Following sudden, violent, iconoclastic rioting in early 1529 led by
3603:
3034:
2853:
2749:(d. 1500) who had famously attempted reforms of English monasteries.
927:
880:
876:
864:
849:
Erasmus lived against the backdrop of the growing European religious
783:
454:
341:
97:
23471:
20658:
20582:
Erasmo y España: Estudios Sobre la Historia Espiritual del Siglo XVI
20424:. Translated by Eden and Cedar Paul. Garden City Publishing Co., Inc
20211:(Reprinted in paperback ed.). Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Press.
19654:
19364:
19130:
Printed Commonplace-Books and the Structuring of Renaissance Thought
18958:
18705:
18580:
18350:
18142:. Toronto Buffalo (N.J.) London: University of Toronto press. 2019.
17831:
17419:
Traninger, Anita (25 January 2023). "Erasmus and the Philosophers".
16840:
16769:
16244:
15462:
14695:
13548:
13283:
13164:
Queens' College Cambridge. Queens' Rare Book and Special Collections
12941:"Erasmian Perspectives on Copyright: Justifying a Right to Research"
11467:
9994:
9913:
Traninger, Anita (25 January 2023). "Erasmus and the Philosophers".
9734:
9404:
9155:
8168:
According to theologian Thomas Scheck "In the fuller context of the
7783:
7497:
about the artist, likening him to famous Greek painter of antiquity
7333:
All Erasmus' portraits show him wearing a knitted scholar's bonnet.
5831:
3594:. He developed a lasting association with the great Basel publisher
3570:
1158:
27033:
26454:
26032:
25984:
25889:
25879:
25849:
25829:
25793:
25620:
25517:
25487:
25181:
25040:
25007:
24745:
24221:
23947:
23917:
23876:
23871:
23637:
23612:
23405:
23395:
22880:
22875:
22870:
22822:
22669:
22585:
22553:
22466:
22458:
22149:
22124:
22092:
22087:
21854:
21629:
20960:
20865:
20861:
20522:
Fatal Discord - Erasmus, Luther, and the Fight for the Western Mind
20463:
19828:
19761:
19416:
17517:"Erasmus and Christian Cynicism as Cultural Context for Toleration"
15028:
Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte - Archive for Reformation History
14339:
14295:
van Herwaarden, Jan (2012). "Erasmus and the Non-Christian World".
11626:
10255:
9963:
9836:
9727:(“true religion ought to be the most cheerful thing in the world”;
9631:
8603:
Menchi, Silvana Seidel (2000). "Sixteenth-Annual Bainton Lecture".
8471:
and was indignant when an attempt was made to charge back-rent: he
7784:"The Making of Erasmus's New Testament and Its English Connections"
7695:
7494:
7370:
7245:
6931:
to us, rather than to the frigid worlds which intricate scholastic
6750:
6477:
6465:
5763:
5130:
5100:
5006:
4996:
4974:
4903:
4529:
4488:
expedient. Above all they should have guarded against all sedition.
4436:
4244:
3854:
2923:
2530:
997:
914:
731:; 28 October c. 1466 – 12 July 1536), commonly known in English as
253:
21375:
The Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ—Against the Fanatics
15521:
Blessed Are the Peacemakers: Pacifism, Just War, and Peacebuilding
13633:"The Concept of Scholar-Publisher in Renaissance: Johannes Froben"
13130:
10178:'s statement "the greatest philosopher is none other than Christ."
9778:
Baker-Smith, Dominic (1994). "Uses of Plato by Erasmus and More".
9694:
8273:
4566:
The focus of most of his political writing was about peace within
4483:
included a particular dislike for sedition, which caused warfare:
883:
approach disappointed, and even angered, partisans in both camps.
67:
26486:
26225:
25964:
25939:
25854:
25782:
25736:
25002:
24997:
23846:
23627:
23585:
23568:
22654:
22565:
22486:
22476:
22119:
22072:
20948:
20767:
20414:. Berkeley – Los Angeles – London: University of California Press
18989:
131 Christians Everyone Should Know. Nashville: Holman Reference,
17685:
17288:
Ocker, Christopher (2022). "Erasmus and Biblical Scholasticism".
13677:
12033:
Andrews, Edward D.; Lightfoot, J.B.; Kenyon, Frederic G. (2022).
11664:
10575:
10211:
9389:"Forgiveness and Consolation in the Religious Thought of Erasmus"
9318:
8519:
Erasmus writing a moving letter to William Blount's teenaged son
7827:
7687:
7498:
7297:
6881:
6769:
6742:
5886:
5110:
5075:
5033:
5028:
4907:
3908:(widely tipped as the next pope) died, and his old ally Cardinal
3904:(the "inclement Clement") died, his recent Italian ally Cardinal
3826:
3807:
A Playne and Godly Exposition or Declaration of the Commune Crede
3575:
3332:
and religious reform to which he was devoting his life. In 1514,
2951:
2836:
at St Omer (1501,1502) where he wrote the initial version of the
2522:
2502:
2494:
2474:
1088:
982:
787:
21222:
20598:
Esortazione alla filosofia. La Paraclesis di Erasmo da Rotterdam
20306:
Life and Letters of Erasmus: lectures delivered at Oxford 1893-4
18706:"Icarus of Basel? Oecolampadius and the Early Swiss Reformation"
18672:
Remembering the Reformation: Martin Luther and Catholic Theology
18637:
Kraebel, Andrew (2020). "Interpretive Theories and Traditions".
17234:"Circumspice populum istum Euangelicum…" Latin text in Erasmus,
16996:. Vol. 10. University of Toronto Press. 1992. p. 380.
16628:
The Modern Devotion: Confrontation with Reformation and Humanism
15876:
Life and letters of Erasmus: lectures delivered at Oxford 1893–4
15814:(University Park: University of Pennsylvania Press 1996), p. 95
14899:"Truth and Irony: Philosophical Meditations on Erasmus (Review)"
10403:
Margaret O'Rourke Boyle sees it as "The text was real presence."
6841:" ("nothing is to be sought in the sacred letters but Christ").
6325:
An epistle against those who falsely boast they are Evangelicals
4571:
rule, no forced conversions, and keeping promises made to them.
3668:
3192:, arranged for Erasmus to be (or to study to prepare to be) the
26067:
25949:
25844:
25544:
25151:
24765:
23856:
23826:
23678:
23590:
23521:
22724:
22617:
22496:
21146:
20902:, Dominique Miething). Berlin: Freie Universität Berlin, 2022.
20537:
Erasmus and the “Other”: On Turks, Jews, and Indigenous Peoples
20442:(Paperback, ed.). Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Press. 2003.
19845:"Quinten Massys (1465/6-1530) - Desiderius Erasmus (1466-1536)"
17715:"Philosophy and Religion in service of the Philosophia Christi"
16173:
Erasmus and the "Other": On Turks, Jews, and Indigenous Peoples
15299:
Martin, Terence J. (25 January 2023). "Erasmus and the Other".
14637:
Kusukawa, Sachiko (2003). "Nineteenth-Annual Bainton Lecture".
9327:
8914:, which he upbraided for their moral and spiritual uselessness.
8692:
8119:
The Two Lost Years of Erasmus: Summary, Review, and Speculation
8029:
8017:
The Two Lost Years of Erasmus: Summary, Review, and Speculation
7788:
Sparks and Lustrous Words: Literary Walks, Cultural Pilgrimages
7419:
7313:
7301:
7166:
6768:" (or "slippery squid") and Christ, who was "more mutable than
6441:
5215:
5175:
5135:
4499:
4473:
4001:
3877:, also a correspondent of Erasmus', who had previously rescued
3614:
3591:
3197:
3108:. He found employment tutoring and escorting Scottish nobleman
3075:
2881:
2845:
2518:
981:
In 1471 his father became the vice-curate of the small town of
248:
220:
215:
16603:
European History in Perspective: The Long European Reformation
14464:
The Correspondence of Erasmus: Letters 2940 to 3141, Volume 21
9659:
Another commentator: "Erasmus laid the egg that Luther broke"
8896:
Letter to Carondelet: The Preface to His Edition of St. Hilary
8159:
Some of these visits were interrupted by trips back to Europe.
8078:
The canonry burnt down in 1549 and the canons moved to Gouda.
3417:
In 1517, he supported the foundation at the university of the
663:
25372:
23866:
23861:
23841:
23649:
22501:
22054:
16726:"Make Haste Slowly: Aldus and Erasmus, Printers and Scholars"
13715:"Portrait of Erasmus of Rotterdam (Hans Holbein the Younger)"
13191:"Erasmus and the Louvain Theologians — a Strategy of Defense"
10467:
Markos, Louis A. (April 2007). "The Enchiridion of Erasmus".
10262:
to the crucial place accommodation obtains in his theology".)
10071:
Markos, Louis A. (April 2007). "The Enchiridion of Erasmus".
9823:
8910:
8010:
The biographer J.J. Mangan commented of his time living with
7748:
was an adopted additional name, which he used from 1496. The
7662:
and three courtrooms. It is next to the Thomas More Building.
6017:
who were not thought good for any Thing in a Time of Peace."
4446:
4032:
3980:
eventually died in prison under Elizabeth I for refusing the
3587:
3231:
By this time More was a judge on the poorman's equity court (
2526:
2514:
2506:
2482:
2478:
910:
775:
120:
20584:(1950), Fondo de Cultura Económica (1997) ISBN 968-16-1069-5
20028:
17687:
The contribution of isocrates to western educational thought
17223:, Preserved Smith, 1923, Harper & Brothers, pp. 391–92.
16928:
16805:
16803:
15984:"Islam as a Heresy: Christendom's Ideological View of Islam"
13751:
The Correspondence of Erasmus: Letters 1252-1355 (1522-1523)
11627:"Richard of St. Victor, On the Four Degrees of Violent Love"
10428:
This was a fine-grained extension of the medieval theory of
6591:) and what he regarded as their frigid, counter-productive
4618:
4439:
over intolerant assertions, though he sharply distinguished
4221:"the sum and summary of our religion is peace and unanimity"
3888:
died. In 1532 his beloved long-time mentor English Primate
1116:
community largely borrowed its rule from the larger monkish
26037:
23851:
22082:
20010:
18478:"Rhetoric and the Erasmian Defence of Religious Toleration"
16701:
Knowles, Dom David (27 September 1979). "Ch XI - Erasmus".
14033:(2 ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 92–123.
13893:
The History of the Popes, from the Close of the Middle Ages
10703:
Vollerthun, Ursula; Richardson, James L. (31 August 2017).
9331:
be destroyed; both Reuchlin and Pfefferkorn called out the
8201:
promptness by different associates in different countries.
7812:
Canons regular of St Augustine, Chapter of Sion (or Syon),
7526:
In 1790, Georg Wilhelm Göbel struck commemorative medals.'
7249:
5245:
3132:, which was to be a best-seller. More was at that time the
3012:
In 1506 he was able to accompany and tutor the sons of the
2510:
771:
and one of the major figures of Dutch and Western culture.
695:
669:
666:
648:
193:
16466:"Praise of Folly | work by Erasmus | Britannica"
13500:
The Correspondence of Erasmus: Letters 594-841 (1517-1518)
11011:
Erasmus, Desiderius; Nichols, Francis Norgan (1901–1918).
9650:
Namely Egmondanus, the Louvain Carmelite Nicolaas Baechem.
9076:"Concepts of Reform Proposed at the Fifth Lateran Council"
4427:
He referred to his irenical disposition in the Preface to
2529:), and avoiding the persecution of religious fanatics (to
1161:
moderate sexual desire in marriage between men and women.
1083:
22164:
20482:
Erasmus, Contarini, and the Religious Republic of Letters
19653:
Malcolm-Davies, Jane; Kruseman, Geeske (1 January 2016).
16800:
14446:
History and Biography in the Work of Erasmus of Rotterdam
12910:
The Oxford Reformers. John Colet, Erasmus and Thomas More
8297:"Beer does not suit me either, and the wine is horrible."
6357:
Epistola contra quosdam qui se falso iactant evangelicos.
3954:, which Froben published, at the instigation of de Góis.
2549:, a centre of reforming zeal, under the direction of the
905:
Fourth, his final more secure and settled years near the
686:
677:
654:
19684:(in German). Berlin: Julius Bard Verlag. pp. 78–79.
18296:
13700:
Bloch Eileen M. (1965). "Erasmus and the Froben Press."
9818:, Erasmus possessed not only a certain familiarity with
7939:
attestation of the genuine rather than formal fondness.
7114:
He is noted for his extensive scholarly editions of the
4656:: Erasmus felt Pfefferkorn had personally attacked him.
4400:: a particular target of his criticisms was the Emperor
4062:, the same last words as Melanchthon) then "Dear God" (
2966: • Scipio Carteromachus •
891:
Erasmus's almost 70 years may be divided into quarters.
18171:. Catholic University of America Press. pp. 1–42.
18090:. University of Toronto Press. 1990. pp. 169–194.
17816:"Erasmus on the Social Functions of Christian Humanism"
17524:
Theological Foundations of Modern Constitutional Theory
16013:
The Christology of Erasmus: Christ, Humanity, and Peace
15454:
12856:. Toronto Buffalo London: University of Toronto Press.
12064:(Thesis). Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository.
8218:"A History of the English Austin Friars (continuation)"
7925:"Erasmus as a poet in the context of northern humanism"
7365:. The herm was presented to him in Rome by his student
7345:
Signet rings of Erasmus of Rotterdam: Amerbach Kabinett
7118:
in Latin and Greek, and the complete works of numerous
6643:) In fact, Christ was "the very father of philosophy" (
6331:(former Bishop of Utrecht, also schooled at Deventer).
4422:
20786:" entry in Catholic Encyclopedia, 1909 by Joseph Sauer
20504:
Truth and Irony - Philosophical Meditations on Erasmus
19652:
19247:
Latourette, Kenneth Scott. A History of Christianity.
18018:
Sider, Robert (2 April 2020). Sider, Robert D. (ed.).
12032:
8329:
but then finding heresy in his translations and works.
7864:(London, 1952), pp. 11–12, and from Geoffrey Nutuall,
7349:
Erasmus chose the Roman god of borders and boundaries
6491:
Erasmus was sympathetic to a kind of epistemological (
6121:
3617:) (1513). Froben's work was notable for using the new
3173:
and was in contact when Colet gave his notorious 1512
2867:
948:(1622), replacing a stone (1557), and a wooden (1549).
24621:
The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction
20925:
13250:"Opera Omnia Desiderii Erasmi – Erasmus, Opera Omnia"
12823:"(Publisher's summary) The Correspondence of Erasmus"
8864:
also clearly reveled in Erasmus’s comparison, in the
6888:
serving as the starting point, and arguably with the
6480:, pleasure as virtue), realist/non-voluntarist, and
4362:
He questioned the practical usefulness and abuses of
3123:
2582:
1174: • Pietro Carmeliano •
707:
698:
689:
672:
651:
642:
27245:
Roman Catholic priests from the Habsburg Netherlands
20643:"Erasmus: Recent Critical Editions and Translations"
20532:. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press
20484:. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press
20253:
Erasmus of Rotterdam: Advocate of a New Christianity
17170:
13673:
Hans Holbein the Younger: The Basel Years, 1515-1532
13344:
13342:
12778:, Tuckwell, (1996), 126-7, quoting Phillips, M. M.,
11506:(masters). University of Wales Trinity Saint David.
10702:
10520:
According to historian Emily Alianello, "Throughout
10231:
were ideas significant later, in Calvin's theology.
9605:), namely patristic writings and sacred scriptures (
8019:, Studies in the Renaissance, Vol. 9 (1962), p. 174.
7523:. It is the oldest bronze statue in the Netherlands.
6556:, pre-dating other scholarly interest by 400 years.
3398:
with annotations, his complete works of Jerome, and
2962: • Urbano Valeriani •
1129:
Erasmus had a spiritual awakening at the monastery.
926:
Desiderius Erasmus is reported to have been born in
683:
660:
645:
19349:"Erasmus' Prescription for Henry VIII: Logotherapy"
17388:
The reception of Erasmus in the early modern period
15640:"A War Against the Turks? Erasmus on War and Peace"
14120:2211 / To Thomas More, Freiburg, 5 September 1529,
13403:
The Reception of Erasmus in the Early Modern Period
11010:
9739:
Philosophical Readings Online Journal of Philosophy
9270:family: indeed, his father had been executed as a
9210:, a professor of philosophy and imperial physician.
7682:Several schools, faculties and universities in the
7650:was completed in 1988 as the first addition to the
7501:. Erasmus was deeply affected by his death in 1528.
7229:In Cambridge he was ill, possibly with the English
6839:
nihil in sacris literis praeter Christum quaerendum
6080:scholar wrote of him as "all sail and no rudder".
5930:began in the year following the publication of his
4031:. In 1535, he moved back to the Froben compound in
2560:learning but already coming under the influence of
692:
680:
657:
21359:Against the Murderous, Thieving Hordes of Peasants
18820:"Radical Carnivalisation of Religion in Erasmus's
18734:Martin Luther's Erasmus, and How he got that Way,
17586:The Stoic Origins of Erasmus' Philosophy of Christ
14724:
14564:"Lisbon in the Renaissance: Author Damiao de Gois"
14533:"(Prison) Note(book)s Toward a History of Boredom"
14457:
14455:
14249:"Erasmus' Illnesses in His Final Years (1533–6)".
12204:
11715:
11147:, is an account of the lives of Erasmus's parents.
10385:documents of the early church's witness to him.'"
9907:The 'Adages' of Erasmus. A Study with Translations
8704:Historian Kirk Essary comments "Reading the work (
7905:canons regular, notably in Richard of St Victor's
6764:The role models of accommodation were Paul, that "
6272:Erasmus replied to this in his lengthy two volume
4705:rather than exclusively Hebraic influences on the
4314:
3727:to be under the protection of his former student,
3516: • Bruno Amerbach •
3324:His residence at Leuven, where he lectured at the
2497:), searching libraries for manuscripts, writing (
20140:A History of Queens' College, Cambridge 1448–1986
18903:"(Review) The Collected Works of Erasmus, vol 44"
17881:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.
16374:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
14671:
14669:
13994:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
13852:
13850:
13339:
9962:Erasmus followed the tradition of proto-humanist
7336:
7304:for liturgical contexts, or otherwise with white
6435:Portrait by Hans Holbein the Younger and workshop
6318:
4460:Portrait of Erasmus, after Quinten Massijs (1517)
4435:that would make him even prefer the views of the
4373:A disadvantageous peace is better than a just war
786:for working on texts, he prepared pioneering new
79:"arguably…the most important portrait in England"
27051:
25678:
20357:. New York: Harper & Row, 1957. xiv, 266 pp
19000:
18952:
18950:
17294:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 157–184.
17249:
16900:"Erasmus - Dutch Humanist, Protestant Challenge"
15879:(London: Longmans, Green & Co. 1894), p. 359
15351:Clarion: Journal for Religion, Peace and Justice
14066:"Erasmus - Dutch Humanist, Protestant Challenge"
12934:
12932:
12811:. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). pp. 727–732.
12695:Anderson, Marvin (1969), "Erasmus the Exegete",
12456:
12256:(in German). Gute Schriften Basel. pp. 6–7.
11812:(illustrated ed.). McFarland. p. 159.
10218:religious moralism promoting peace and charity.
9979:"Erasmus and the Religious Tradition, 1495-1499"
9321:(which Erasmus scorned), against the attacks of
6844:In Hoffmann's words, for Erasmus "Christ is the
4333:"War is sweet to those who have never tasted it"
4043:through publication, though he grew more frail.
4025:Queen Mary of Hungary, Regent of the Netherlands
1585:
969:Erasmus' own story, in the possibly forged 1524
27185:Former members of Catholic religious institutes
20047:"No more Erasmus, but NDIAS and NDCEC continue"
19750:Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes
16527:The Cambridge Companion to Reformation Theology
15857:"Αποστολική Διακονία της Εκκλησίας της Ελλάδος"
14885:
14883:
14452:
11418:
7972:
7771:lived nearby, on the marketplace, at this time.
6401:Admonitio adversus mendacium et obstrectationem
4579:In his last decade, he involved himself in the
4528:had been against the execution of even violent
4202:were playing in the lethal persecution of some
27105:Academic staff of the Old University of Leuven
21303:To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation
20337:
20232:
20227:Erasmus of Rotterdam: The Spirit of a Scholar.
20011:"Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics"
19203:"Erasmus's Place in the History of Philosophy"
19153:Catalogue of the Works of Erasmus of Rotterdam
17943:. English Dept, University of York. p. 81
17872:
16922:
16326:"Erasmus on the Education and Nature of Women"
16005:
16003:
16001:
15830:
14666:
14605:"Erasmus and His Books (Publisher's material)"
14439:
14437:
14294:
14290:
14288:
14286:
13990:"The Friendship of Erasmus and Damiâo De Goes"
13847:
13493:
13491:
13489:
13487:
12713:
10860:. Vol. 46, no. 4. pp. 754–809.
10560:As with many of his individual works, reading
9295:Erasmus wrote of Pferfferkorn that "a wicked (
8905:is perhaps also a backhanded reference to the
8888:Summa nostrae religionis pax est et unanimated
8375:, friend of the Amerbach family, colleague of
8210:Erasmus claimed the blind poet laureate friar
6266:On the Bondage of the Will (De servo arbitrio)
5954:to nourishchiefly moral and spiritual reform"
4445:from what was uncontentiously explicit in the
3969:. Others, such as Charles V's Latin secretary
3016:of the English King through Italy to Bologna.
2505:), patronage, tutoring and chaperoning (North
846:and many other popular and pedagogical works.
25664:
24860:
23487:
22015:
21238:
20987:
20259:Dickens, A. G.; Jones, Whitney R. D. (2000).
20092:. Victoria and Albert Museum. 5 January 1854.
19699:. Berlin: Julius Bard Verlag. pp. 78–79.
18947:
18441:
18439:
18437:
18435:
18433:
18156:
17283:
17281:
17279:
14163:
14161:
14159:
13637:Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences
13434:
13432:
13430:
13396:
13074:"Thomas Linacre: Humanist, Physician, Priest"
12929:
12791:
12099:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 15.
11926:
11716:Sutton, Anne F.; Visser-Fuchs, Livia (1997).
11072:
11070:
11068:
11066:
11064:
11062:
11060:
11026:
11024:
9904:
9444:
9442:
6928:
5801:
3590:to coordinate the printing of his books with
2568:, poet and "professor of humanity" in Paris.
23729:
23683:
23669:
20258:
20090:"Erasmus' Tower, Queen's College, Cambridge"
19739:
19737:
18956:
18382:
18380:
18378:
18376:
18065:"The Age of Reformations by James Hitchcock"
17216:London, Burns & Oates, 1881, pp. 13–14.
16813:. Nashville: Holman Reference, 2000, p. 344.
16605:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 70.
16334:. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 37–47.
15867:
15695:. Univ of California Press. pp. 68–70.
15405:
15403:
14880:
14632:
14630:
13626:
13624:
13622:
13620:
13277:
13275:
13273:
13271:
12938:
12215:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
11593:
11406:. Nashville: Holman Reference, 2000, p. 343.
11058:
11056:
11054:
11052:
11050:
11048:
11046:
11044:
11042:
11040:
10851:
10849:
10847:
10698:
10696:
10694:
10692:
10690:
10688:
10574:This was a long-recognized tendency: indeed
8744:
8742:
8569:
8425:"Froude, Life and Letters of Erasmus, p 322"
8340:
6184:lives and they speak quite another language.
4382:Better an unjust peace than the justest war.
4315:Erasmus § The Complaint of Peace (1517)
4054:, were apparently "Lord, put an end to it" (
3761:He stayed for two years on the top floor of
2513:), seeing books through printing in person (
1008:, a correspondent of pioneering rhetorician
20578:, Librairie Droz (1998) ISBN 2-600-00510-2
20551:Erasmus and Voltaire: Why They Still Matter
19905:"Achievements and benefits, European Union"
18959:""Erasmus and Faustus of Riez's De gratia""
18896:
18894:
18165:"ERASMus's PROGRAM for THEOLOGICAL RENEWAL"
17783:The Cambridge History of Literary Criticism
17659:"A Much Neglected Basic Choice in Theology"
17214:The Reformers on the Reformation (foreign),
16671:
16516:
16514:
16512:
16510:
16508:
15998:
15143:
15110:
15108:
15070:
15068:
15066:
15064:
14434:
14283:
13484:
12281:
11449:
11447:
11445:
11443:
11441:
11006:
11004:
11002:
10976:
10943:
10941:
10939:
10797:1871.1/2eb41bd4-6929-41be-a984-94747300015a
9777:
9451:
8886:
8379:etc. He had learned printing in Paris with
8079:
7966:
7753:
7627:Erasmus Journal of Philosophy and Economics
7408:
7361:he thought depicted Terminus carved into a
7306:
7266:
6164:
4635:actually encountered a (practicing) Jew.
4337:
3950:of More (and Fisher), the short, anonymous
3892:died of old age, as did reforming cardinal
3052:
1014:
971:
104:, Burgundian Netherlands, Holy Roman Empire
27225:Philosophers from the Habsburg Netherlands
25671:
25657:
24867:
24853:
23494:
23480:
22029:
22022:
22008:
21245:
21231:
20994:
20980:
20612:Erasme i la construcció catalana d'Espanya
19401:
19160:. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2023, 225-344.
18869:"Summa Theologiae, Prologue & Ia Q. 2"
18430:
18069:Touchstone: A Journal of Mere Christianity
17955:
17929:
17927:
17479:
17321:Bryn Mawr Review of Comparative Literature
17276:
17207:
17015:
17013:
16816:
16417:
15771:
15769:
15767:
15226:
15222:
15220:
14861:
14580:
14443:
14407:
14405:
14379:
14377:
14156:
13983:
13981:
13979:
13977:
13904:
13902:
13427:
13355:Journal of East Asia and International Law
13349:Dungen, Peter van den (30 November 2009).
13291:
12541:
12539:
12537:
12134:
11809:The University in Medieval Life, 1179–1499
11805:
11578:
11576:
11574:
11572:
11570:
11568:
11566:
11564:
11021:
10887:
10885:
10883:
10881:
10879:
10877:
10875:
10674:http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05510b.htm
10626:"Desiderius Erasmus Biography & Facts"
9439:
9274:heretic. Erasmus' friendly correspondents
7122:. These formed the basis of the so-called
7100:Erasmus wrote for educated audiences both
6972:; alongside it, the editions of the great
6595:: "What has Aristotle to do with Christ?"
6236:", a positive, evangelical model sermon "
6057:However, Erasmus frequently commended the
5808:
5794:
4046:On July 12, 1536, he died at an attack of
3915:As more friends died (in 1533, his friend
2864:. Erasmus then returned to Paris in 1504.
66:
27090:16th-century Dutch Roman Catholic priests
23421:Relationship between religion and science
21311:On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church
20544:Erasmus: Intellectual of the 16th Century
20206:
20142:(Woodbridge, Suff.: Boydell Press, 1987).
19954:
19734:
19550:
19488:
19138:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198159087.003.0006
19086:
18817:
18785:
18471:
18469:
18373:
18219:
18217:
17776:
17774:
17772:
17770:
17578:
17576:
17418:
17379:
16946:
16825:"Luther and Erasmus, Another Perspective"
16822:
16331:Erasmus: intellectual of the 16th century
15831:Huizinga, Johan; Flower, Barbara (1952).
15400:
15259:
15166:
14627:
13810:
13808:
13617:
13397:De Landtsheer, Jeanine (1 January 2013).
13374:
13306:
13268:
13247:
13099:
13089:
12198:
12196:
12194:
12192:
12152:
11929:"A Dispensation of Julius II for Erasmus"
11849:
11395:
11393:
11076:
11037:
10855:
10844:
10795:
10769:
10685:
10190:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195183313.003.0005
9912:
9859:
9858:though they agreed on much." Abstract of
9518:, which "was a spirituality of teachers."
8771:
8739:
8271:
7971:—is by no means a contradiction of this."
7940:
7834:and subsequent congregations such as the
7611:A peer-reviewed annual scholarly journal
7150:
6426:
6217:De libero arbitrio diatribe sive collatio
6156:On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church
4255:. Notable writings on irenicism include
4080:He was buried with great ceremony in the
3800:(1529); his catechism to counter Luther
3586:From 1514, Erasmus regularly traveled to
2868:Second visit to England (1505–1506)
1280:granted legal dispensations for Erasmus'
867:, which some prominent reformers such as
27080:16th-century Christian biblical scholars
21055:Copia: Foundations of the Abundant Style
21001:
20062:
20060:
19743:
19631:
19462:
19260:
18891:
18578:
18386:
17807:
17629:
17351:
17114:
17094:
16961:
16889:Letter to Louis Marlianus, 25 March 1520
16694:
16505:
16478:
15953:"A terrible pope but a patron of genius"
15950:
15637:
15609:"Erasmus, Jus Canonicum and Arbitration"
15172:
15150:Ocker, Christopher (22 September 2022).
15105:
15061:
15024:"Erasmus, Augustine and the Nominalists"
15021:
14675:
14636:
14212:Hans Holbein: Portrait of an Unknown Man
14020:
13749:Erasmus, Desiderius (31 December 1989).
13630:
13498:Erasmus, Desiderius (31 December 1979).
13000:
12972:"Erasmus and Queens' College, Cambridge"
12913:(3rd ed.). Longmans, Green and Co.
12900:
12694:
12481:
12339:
12337:
12057:
11971:
11602:The spirituality of Erasmus of Rotterdam
11528:
11522:
11497:Danyluk, Katharine (10 September 2018).
11438:
11414:
11412:
11156:
10999:
10936:
10818:
10336:
10272:
9634:, his former friend and roommate at the
9211:
8974:The New Testament Scholarship of Erasmus
7451:
7435:
7397:
7379:
7340:
7259:
7160:
7096:Works of Erasmus § Notable writings
6757:(discourse, conversation, language) not
6563:
6430:
6222:
6125:
5913:
5909:
5856:
5845:
5832:On the Institution of Christian Marriage
4642:which included John's notorious sermons
4617:
4455:
4011:
3976:Erasmus' friend and collaborator Bishop
3865:' Latin secretary who had worked on the
3836:
3825:
3733:
3667:
3569:
3446:
3429:' College of the Three Languages at the
3350:
3142:
3124:Third visit to England (1510–1515)
3065:
2871:
2583:First visit to England (1499–1500)
1087:
1061:movement and the Brethren's famous book
1022:
936:
843:Copia: Foundations of the Abundant Style
27095:16th-century Roman Catholic theologians
27075:15th-century Roman Catholic theologians
24874:
20496:Erasmus, His Theology of the Sacraments
20277:
20235:My dear Erasmus: the forgotton reformer
20209:Erasmus: his life, works, and influence
20151:
19877:
19299:
18994:
18957:Franceschini, Chiara (1 January 2014).
18900:
18636:
18409:
18326:
18248:
17924:
17879:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
17813:
17712:
17544:
17514:
17078:The Identity of Theology (Dissertation)
17074:
17010:
16700:
16600:
16388:
16311:Erasmus: His Theology of the Sacraments
15895:Bibliothèque d'Humanisme et Renaissance
15888:
15812:Humanism and the Rhetoric of Toleration
15764:
15739:
15375:
15217:
15114:
14783:
14748:
14461:
14402:
14374:
14324:"Damião de Goes, a Portuguese Humanist"
14026:
13974:
13899:
13748:
13530:
13524:
13497:
13116:
13060:
13029:"Erasmus, Life in 16th Century England"
12906:
12851:
12647:
12610:
12534:
12421:
12254:Die Bildnisse des Erasmus von Rotterdam
12212:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
12202:
12089:
11977:
11868:Collected Works of Erasmus: Spiritualia
11864:
11676:
11624:
11582:
11561:
11496:
11453:
10982:
10898:Bibliothèque d'Humanisme et Renaissance
10891:
10872:
10107:
9850:, ultimately rendered Erasmus alien to
9660:
9386:
9073:
8893:
8006:
8004:
7922:
7577:The European Union cites the successor
6943:
6440:influenced by satirist and rhetorician
6210:
6013:Charon: " What do they get out of it?"
4139:
3707:
3242:
2719:, who pursued a style more akin to the
1084:Vows, ordination and canonry experience
1000:and owned by the chapter clergy of the
14:
27200:Lady Margaret's Professors of Divinity
27052:
26672:Wilhelm Emmanuel Freiherr von Ketteler
22347:Proper basis and Reformed epistemology
20909:Sporen van Erasmus (Traces of Erasmus)
20815:Index of Erasmus's Opera Omnia (Latin)
20560:. Jackson, TN: Union University Press.
20507:. Catholic University of America Press
20491:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press
20477:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press
20460:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press
20386:
20313:
20299:
20255:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press
19708:
19706:
19675:
19673:
19671:
19632:Kruseman, Geeske M. (25 August 2018).
19615:
19613:
19611:
19251:: Harper & Brothers, 1953, p. 661.
19169:
19001:Nellen, Henk; Bloemendal, Jan (2016).
18735:
18466:
18332:
18279:
18254:
18214:
18162:
18011:
17992:
17961:
17933:
17903:
17897:
17873:Rummel, Erika; MacPhail, Eric (2021).
17767:
17683:
17573:
17445:
17314:
17019:
16745:
16640:
16520:
16226:
16058:Revista Española de Filosofía Medieval
16010:Martin, Terence J. (12 January 2024).
16009:
15981:
15606:
15517:
15298:
15074:
14993:
14411:
14383:
14208:
13987:
13949:
13908:
13890:
13862:. University of Toronto Press: 1–146.
13857:
13805:
13669:
13348:
13321:10.31390/gradschool_dissertations.1664
13188:
13071:
12763:Opus Epistolarum Des. Erasmi Roterdami
12714:van Herwaarden, Jan (1 January 2003).
12545:
12189:
12058:Lundberg, Christa (16 February 2022).
11740:
11390:
11356:
11297:
11195:
10841:, pp. 4 and 6 (Dutch-language version)
10728:Christian Humanism and the Reformation
10466:
10070:
9732:
8964:Vicit mansuetudine, vicit beneficentia
8918:""Oxford Reformers" and Scholasticism"
8749:
8736:through all his writings." Mansfield
8602:
8332:
8131:
7781:
7656:Court of Justice of the European Union
7369:and in reality depicted the Greek god
6698:
6617:
6232:that involved an irenical 'dialogue' "
4671:: it was not a topic or theme of any
4667:in the way of the later post-Catholic
4269:On Restoring the Concord of the Church
3942:were executed as pro-Rome traitors by
3425:, Latin, and Greek—after the model of
3336:to Basel, he made the acquaintance of
2463:Blue lines: Rhine and English Channel
2117:
2109:
944:in Rotterdam. Gilded bronze statue by
25652:
24848:
23501:
23475:
22003:
21676:Die Lügend von S. Johanne Chrysostomo
21391:Confession Concerning Christ's Supper
21226:
20975:
20911:, documentary TV series, 5 episodes (
20640:
20057:
19694:
19679:
19346:
19200:
19092:
19059:
19041:from the original on 22 December 2023
18848:from the original on 30 December 2023
18762:
18738:Erasmus of Rotterdam Society Yearbook
18703:
18526:
18475:
18448:Erasmus of Rotterdam Society Yearbook
18445:
18257:The Unity of Philosophical Experience
18118:
18062:
18017:
17998:
17885:from the original on 11 December 2017
17780:
17722:Erasmus Student Journal of Philosophy
17656:
17582:
17538:
17526:. Nantes Institute for Advanced Study
17451:
17385:
17287:
16964:Erasmus of Rotterdam Society Yearbook
16751:
16723:
16659:from the original on 13 December 2023
16551:from the original on 10 November 2023
16423:
16308:
16203:
15931:
15824:
15792:from the original on 25 December 2023
15775:
15722:
15688:
15573:
15491:
15357:from the original on 30 November 2023
15149:
14947:
14929:from the original on 30 December 2023
14896:
14816:from the original on 19 December 2023
14639:Erasmus of Rotterdam Society Yearbook
14507:10.31390/gradschool_dissertations.401
14494:
14297:Erasmus of Rotterdam Society Yearbook
13814:
13579:from the original on 11 February 2023
13438:
12969:
12945:Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series
12917:from the original on 17 December 2023
12681:
12679:
12677:
12675:
12673:
12671:
12382:
12364:from the original on 28 November 2023
12343:
12334:
12266:
12247:
12245:
12135:Ptaszyński, Maciej (8 October 2021).
11891:
11835:
11787:from the original on 13 December 2023
11599:
11409:
11343:
11341:
11339:
11236:from the original on 9 September 2023
11032:Erasmus: His life, work and influence
10765:
10763:
10761:
10759:
10757:
10755:
10299:from the original on 23 February 2024
10179:
9886:Historian Fritz Caspari quipped that
9862:Erasmus of Rotterdam Society Yearbook
9780:Platonism and the English Imagination
9474:
9427:from the original on 25 December 2023
9186:
8971:
8915:
8860:Historian Kevin Ingram suggests "The
8605:Erasmus of Rotterdam Society Yearbook
8454:urged him to stay. However, Campion,
8353:from the original on 29 December 2023
8298:
7794:from the original on 9 September 2023
6559:
6240:", and a gently critical 'diatribe' "
5983:The world had laughed at his satire,
5922:, sketch: black chalk on paper, 1520.
5861:Johannes Œcolampadius by Asper (1550)
5843:), and the pastoral Holy Orders (see
4115:
3194:Lady Margaret's Professor of Divinity
2756:
2700:In 1499 he was invited to England by
1823:
1815:
875:rejected in favor of the doctrine of
726:
27110:Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge
20365:
20251:Christ-von Wedel, Christine (2013).
19792:
19688:
19127:
19007:Church History and Religious Culture
18223:
17854:from the original on 6 December 2023
17742:
17665:from the original on 19 January 2024
17657:Olson, Roger E. (26 December 2010).
17482:Reformation & Renaissance Review
16625:
16582:from the original on 19 January 2024
16293:
16275:from the original on 29 October 2023
15778:"Erasmus on the Study of Scriptures"
15253:
14834:
14593:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
14543:from the original on 18 January 2024
14321:
13962:from the original on 12 January 2024
13533:"Erasmus and the Education of Women"
13327:from the original on 12 January 2024
13307:Varacalli, Thomas (1 January 2016).
13281:
12888:from the original on 16 January 2019
12833:from the original on 17 January 2024
12322:from the original on 30 October 2023
12251:
11667:: University of Toronto Press, 1974)
11369:from the original on 14 January 2024
10770:Goudriaan, Koen (6 September 2019).
10725:
10180:Lahey, Stephen Edmund (1 May 2009).
10017:from the original on 30 October 2023
9976:
9749:from the original on 1 November 2023
9692:
9597:encompassed both sacred literature (
9106:from the original on 1 November 2023
8644:
8215:
8001:
6916:
6102:
6047:the Turks and colonize new islands.
5992:
4423:Intra-Christian religious toleration
4103:
4091:As his heir or executor he instated
3769:, some of them fleeing persecution.
3489:
3070:Book printed and illuminated at the
2804: • Christopher Fisher
2287:
2279:
2149:
2141:
27250:Translators of the Bible into Latin
21071:The Education of a Christian Prince
20848:in the catalogue Helveticat of the
20773:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
20761:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
20589:Garcia-Villoslada, Ricardo (1965) '
20152:Gleason, John B. (1 January 1990).
19957:"Biblical Interpretation in Crisis"
19955:Ratzinger, Joseph (26 April 2008).
19703:
19668:
19608:
19434:. 17 March 2015. pp. 409–412.
19306:Bulletin of the History of Medicine
19267:Bulletin of the History of Medicine
18963:Rivista di Storia del Cristianesimo
18866:
18579:Williams, David (20 January 2024).
18335:"Alexander Pope: Erasmian Catholic"
17980:from the original on 11 August 2023
17749:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
17611:from the original on 11 August 2023
17043:
16811:131 Christians Everyone Should Know
16356:from the original on 1 January 2024
16323:
16170:
16048:
15988:Fairmount Folio: Journal of History
15951:Withnell, Stephen (25 April 2019).
15689:Tracy, James D. (23 October 2018).
15607:Xheraj, Blerina (4 December 2020).
15460:
15409:
14729:, Leiden: Brill, pp. 529–530,
14422:from the original on 4 January 2024
14390:(Thesis). University of Newcastle.
14215:. Phoenix Giant. pp. 161–162.
14202:
13793:from the original on 8 January 2024
13737:German Renaissance Prints 1490-1550
13663:
13117:Herbert, Amanda (23 January 2018).
13018:Huizinga, Dutch edition, pp. 52–53.
12951:from the original on 7 January 2024
12707:
12177:from the original on 10 August 2023
11927:Allen, P. S.; Colotius, A. (1910).
11697:from the original on 11 August 2023
11677:Erasmus, Desiderius (23 May 2009).
11510:from the original on 5 January 2024
11404:131 Christians Everyone Should Know
11387:DeMolen, Richard L. (1976).pp.10–11
10958:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
10454:Luther and the Reading of Scripture
10124:from the original on 11 August 2023
9705:from the original on 17 August 2010
9699:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
9350:
9218:Bulletin of the History of Medicine
9153:
8341:Trevor-Roper, Hugh (30 July 2020).
8270:, Humphrey Walkden and John Watson.
8046:some dignified administrative role.
7943:"Medieval Male Friendship Networks"
7907:On the Four Degrees of Violent Love
7089:
6380:Spongia adversus aspergines Hutteni
6122:Increasing disagreement with Luther
4721:
4370:he discusses (common translation) "
4350:He promoted and was present at the
4323:The Education of a Christian Prince
4265:The Education of a Christian Prince
3900:. In 1534 his distrusted protector
3821:
3461:Thomas Grey, 2nd Marquess of Dorset
3400:The Education of a Christian Prince
1882:
1874:
417:The Education of a Christian Prince
143:translations and exegesis, satire,
24:
21327:Against Henry, King of the English
20618:
20593:, Taurus Ediciones, Madrid, Spain.
20377:Pennington, Arthur Robert (1875).
20194:
18917:from the original on 25 April 2024
18879:from the original on 23 April 2024
18792:. Catholic University of America.
18763:Smith, John H. (15 October 2011).
18585:. McGill-Queens University Press.
17755:from the original on 13 March 2024
17694:from the original on 13 April 2021
17339:from the original on 6 August 2023
17056:from the original on 30 April 2023
16030:from the original on 19 April 2024
15963:from the original on 27 April 2024
15913:from the original on 26 March 2023
15834:Erasmus and the Age of Reformation
15333:Declarationes ad censuras Lutetiae
15179:Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review
14615:from the original on 30 April 2024
14513:from the original on 29 March 2024
14362:from the original on 12 April 2024
14088:
13911:"Cardinal Cajetan Renaissance Man"
13605:from the original on 30 April 2023
13445:. University of California Press.
13439:Tracy, James D. (1 January 1996).
13166:. Queens.cam.ac.uk. Archived from
12939:Cheng-Davies, Tania (1 May 2023).
12668:
12592:from the original on 26 April 2019
12484:"Archbishop Morton and St. Albans"
12300:10.1111/j.1468-229X.1988.tb02151.x
12242:
11336:
10947:
10752:
9661:Midmore, Brian (7 February 2007).
9467:Greek edition of the New Testament
9346:Paraphrase of Romans and Galatians
8582:Erasmus and the Age of Reformation
7782:Juhász, Gergely (1 January 2019).
7440:Portrait of Desiderius Erasmus by
7431:
7025:Paean in Honour of the Virgin Mary
7001:Paean in Honour of the Virgin Mary
6247:The publication of his brief book
5904:
5820:
3578:, Burgundy. Engraving possibly by
3475:, probably his last meetings with
2702:William Blount, 4th Baron Mountjoy
886:
728:[ˌdeːziˈdeːrijʏseːˈrɑsmʏs]
25:
27276:
27195:Historians of the Catholic Church
21670:Propaganda during the Reformation
21252:
20846:Publications by and about Erasmus
20691:
20380:The Life and Character of Erasmus
20360:Dutch original by Huizinga (1924)
19884:Sculpture International Rotterdam
19800:"Terminus, the Device of Erasmus"
19714:"Terminus, the Device of Erasmus"
19347:Boyle, Marjorie O'Rourke (1978).
19182:from the original on 17 July 2023
19170:Rummel, Erika (2 November 2022).
18618:from the original on 3 March 2024
18508:from the original on 3 March 2024
17373:The Life and Character of Erasmus
17315:Regier, Willis (1 January 2011).
17046:"Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam"
16910:from the original on 21 June 2023
16871:from the original on 11 July 2023
16742:Letter to Charles Utenhove (1523)
16681:
16626:Post, Regnerus Richardus (1968).
16569:
16126:from the original on 15 July 2023
16087:from the original on 15 July 2023
15670:from the original on 19 June 2023
15619:from the original on 19 June 2023
15442:from the original on 19 June 2023
15388:from the original on 15 July 2023
15205:from the original on 7 April 2024
14954:Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte
14765:from the original on 21 June 2023
14755:Swiss American Historical Society
14581:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
14099:from the original on 21 June 2023
14076:from the original on 21 June 2023
13725:from the original on 17 July 2023
13229:from the original on 23 July 2023
13137:from the original on 22 June 2023
13072:Taylor, Fred M. (February 2021).
13039:from the original on 4 April 2023
12982:from the original on 19 July 2023
12648:Emerton, Ephraim (25 July 2020).
12522:from the original on 9 April 2024
12457:Masur-Matusevich, Yelena (2023).
12282:Harper-Bill, Christopher (1988).
12116:from the original on 11 July 2023
12014:from the original on 21 June 2023
11959:from the original on 11 July 2023
11422:Collected Works of Erasmus: Poems
11324:from the original on 20 July 2023
10964:from the original on 19 July 2023
10924:from the original on 22 July 2023
10621:
9695:"Desiderius Erasmus (1468?—1536)"
9252:from the original on 28 July 2023
8940:from the original on 19 June 2023
8842:from the original on 15 July 2023
8303:. Scribner and Sons. p. 112.
8032:had been the Latin Secretary for
7976:Collected Works of Erasmus: Poems
7866:Journal of Ecclesiastical History
7312:(scarf) (over left shoulder), or
7157:Legacy and evaluations of Erasmus
7055:Catalogue of the Works of Erasmus
6829:
6548:and John's Gospel", first in the
5869:. Erasmus was concerned that the
4007:
3794:Ennaratio triplex in Psalmum XXII
1960:
1034:, triptych (c. 1501), painted in
39:Legacy and evaluations of Erasmus
27240:Roman Catholic biblical scholars
27220:People from Gouda, South Holland
27032:
25631:
25619:
25513:Stratification of emotional life
24962:
24956:
24950:
24691:The Closing of the American Mind
24611:Civilization and Its Discontents
24591:A Vindication of Natural Society
23456:
23455:
23445:
21517:Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam
21469:Weimar edition of Luther's works
21207:
21206:
21129:
20959:
20947:
20935:
20869:
20808:
20287:. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons.
20145:
20132:
20114:
20096:
20082:
20039:
20021:
20003:
19985:
19967:
19948:
19923:
19897:
19871:
19862:
19837:
19826:
19820:
19622:
19597:
19579:
19544:
19505:
19469:Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
19456:
19423:
19395:
19340:
19293:
19254:
19241:
19194:
19163:
19144:
19121:
19053:
18981:
18937:"IN PRAISE OF FOLLY, by Erasmus"
18929:
18860:
18811:
18779:
18756:
18728:
18704:Fudge, Thomas (1 January 1997).
18697:
18663:
18630:
18605:
18599:
18572:
18561:
18555:
18520:
18403:
18290:
18273:
18201:
18132:
18112:
18075:
18056:
17866:
17736:
17706:
17677:
17650:
17623:
17508:
17473:
17412:
17308:
17243:
17228:
17191:
17164:
17144:
17127:
17088:
17068:
17037:
16982:
16955:
16892:
16883:
16736:
16717:
16634:
16619:
16594:
16563:
16472:
16458:
16382:
16317:
16302:
16294:Kute, David (26 December 2019).
16287:
16220:
16197:
16164:
16138:
16110:
16042:
15975:
15944:
15925:
15882:
15849:
15804:
15733:
15716:
15682:
15631:
15600:
15567:
15546:
15511:
15492:Duffy, Eamon (1 November 2016).
15485:
15412:"The Christian Peace of Erasmus"
15369:
15344:
15338:
15325:
15292:
15229:The Cambridge History of Judaism
15015:
14987:
14941:
14855:
14828:
14777:
14742:
14718:
14663:Huizinga, Dutch edition, p. 202.
14657:
14597:
14574:
14561:
14555:
14525:
14495:Allen, Amanda (1 January 2014).
14488:
14315:
14242:
14229:
14168:"Letters 2803 to 2939. Part 2".
14122:"Letters 2803 to 2939. Part 2".
14114:
14055:
13988:Hirsch, Elisabeth Feist (1951).
13950:Geurts, Twan (17 October 2022).
13943:
13931:from the original on 13 May 2024
13884:
13775:
13742:
13707:
13694:
13591:
13466:
13390:
13300:
13241:
13182:
13152:
13051:
13021:
13012:
13002:"Erasmus, Desiderius (ERSS465D)"
12994:
12963:
12774:Shire, Helena M., Stewart Style
11836:Allen, Grace (24 October 2019).
11757:from the original on 6 June 2017
11080:Erasmus in the Twentieth Century
10772:"New Evidence on Erasmus' Youth"
10636:from the original on 29 May 2018
10594:
10585:
10568:
10554:
10537:
10527:
10514:
10504:
10495:
10459:
10443:
10422:
10408:
10397:
10388:
10378:
10365:
10329:
10320:
10311:
10265:
10244:
10234:
10221:
10196:
10168:
10136:
10100:
10056:
10043:
10030:
9969:
9956:
9939:
9905:Mann Phillips, Margaret (1964).
9893:
9880:
9808:
9771:
9761:
9717:
9681:
9653:
9644:
9624:
9581:
9569:
9557:
9542:
9530:
9521:
9508:
9499:
9378:
9368:
9338:
9303:) Jew had become a most wicked (
9289:
9199:
9179:
9167:
9141:
9132:
9119:
9058:
9049:
9040:
9026:
9016:
9006:
8952:
8879:
8854:
8822:
8789:
8725:
8711:
8698:
8685:
8663:10.1111/j.0028-4289.2005.00081.x
8637:
8623:
8591:
8564:Paraphrases of the New Testament
8549:
8536:
8527:
8513:
8504:
8495:
8486:
8461:
8444:
8434:
8408:
8401:Engineered by reformer Cardinal
8395:
8386:
8365:
8307:
8291:
8278:(Thesis). Newcastle University.
8260:
8250:
7639:From 1997 to 2008, the American
7543:Henry VIII: The Mind of a Tyrant
7462:Portrait of Erasmus of Rotterdam
7045:List of Erasmus's correspondents
6954:any artificial pomp of reasoning
6721:
5774:
5762:
4770:
4762:
4754:
4729:
3984:. Erasmus' correspondent Bishop
2842:Handbook of the Christian Knight
2533:). He enjoyed horseback riding.
2421:
2399:
2392:
2369:
2362:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2286:
2278:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2248:
2241:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2186:
2179:
2172:
2148:
2140:
2131:
2124:
2116:
2108:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2001:
1994:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1917:
1910:
1903:
1881:
1873:
1864:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1822:
1814:
1805:
1798:
1775:
1768:
1748:
1741:
1719:
1712:
1692:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1639:
1632:
1612:
638:
74:Portrait of Erasmus of Rotterdam
27210:Old University of Leuven alumni
27085:16th-century Dutch philosophers
25990:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
21295:Sermon on Indulgences and Grace
21111:Exposytion of the Commune Creed
20826:Literature by and about Erasmus
20614:, Barcelona, Llibres de l'Índex
20284:Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam
20035:. Erasmus University Rotterdam.
19878:Giltaij, Jeroen (12 May 2015).
18391:. 28 (Number 106- (2–3): 1–20.
18026:. University of Toronto Press.
17820:Journal of the History of Ideas
17589:. University of Toronto Press.
17254:. University of Toronto Press.
16703:The Religious Orders in England
16122:. University of Chicago Press.
15776:Meyer, Carl (1 December 1969).
15723:Yoder, Klaus C. (17 May 2016).
15644:Asian Journal of Social Science
15576:Pacifism and English Literature
15473:from the original on 7 May 2023
15260:May, Harry S.; ה', מאי (1973).
13474:"500 years Collegium Trilingue"
12970:Askin, Lindsey (12 July 2013).
12870:
12845:
12815:
12785:
12768:
12756:
12747:
12738:
12688:
12651:Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam
12641:
12604:
12574:
12475:
12450:
12415:
12376:
12275:
12260:
12128:
12083:
12051:
12026:
11996:
11982:. University of Toronto Press.
11920:
11885:
11871:. University of Toronto Press.
11858:
11851:10.4000/laboratoireitalien.3742
11829:
11799:
11769:
11734:
11709:
11683:. University of Toronto Press.
11670:
11654:
11641:
11618:
11583:Gasquet, Francis Aidan (1900).
11490:
11381:
11350:
11347:DeMolen, Richard L. (1976),p.13
11291:
11278:
11266:from the original on 1 May 2023
11248:
11189:
11150:
11131:
11119:from the original on 1 May 2023
11105:
11083:. University of Toronto Press.
9983:Journal of the History of Ideas
9459:criticizing the Catholic church
9286:family, on their mother's side.
8204:
8194:
8185:
8176:
8162:
8153:
8144:
8124:
8100:
8072:
8058:
8049:
8039:
8022:
7992:
7954:
7913:
7878:
7845:
7819:
7806:
7774:
7761:
7353:as a personal symbol and had a
6238:On the Measureless Mercy of God
4131:literal and tropological senses
3973:, fled and died in self-exile.
3404:Institutio principis Christiani
2339:
2332:
2325:
2270:
2263:
2215:
1939:
1806:
1769:
1100:, where Erasmus spent his youth
27:Dutch humanist (c. 1469 – 1536)
27140:Critics of the Catholic Church
25703:History of the Catholic Church
21810:All Saints' Church, Wittenberg
21502:Eyn geystlich Gesangk Buchleyn
21437:On the Councils and the Church
21343:The Adoration of the Sacrament
21187:Praemium Erasmianum Foundation
21039:Handbook of a Christian Knight
20565:
20558:Erasmus' Doctrine of Free Will
20549:Quinones, Ricardo J. (2010).
20233:Bentley-Taylor, David (2002).
20199:
19993:"Erasmus School of Philosophy"
19640:(EXARC Journal Issue 2018/3).
19107:10.1080/00043079.2005.10786256
18020:"Erasmus on the New Testament"
17690:(Masters). Durham University.
17250:Manfred Hoffmann, ed. (2010).
17075:Alfsvåg, Knut (October 1995).
16650:The Monasric Research Bulletin
16342:(inactive 10 September 2024).
12976:Queens' Old Library Books Blog
12697:Concordia Theeological Monthly
12037:. Christian Publishing House.
11631:Victorine Texts in Translation
10831:
10821:Italia Medioevale e Umanistica
10812:
10719:
10648:
10615:
9822:, but also close knowledge of
9587:An expression Erasmus coined.
9154:Ron, Nathan (1 January 2020).
9080:Archivum Historiae Pontificiae
7727:
7718:
7337:Signet ring and personal motto
7294:Canons regular of St Augustine
6809:
4702:
4514:parable of the wheat and tares
3467:In 1520 he was present at the
2461:Red and green lines: horseback
2422:
2173:
2073:
2066:
1749:
1713:
1666:
1613:
913:and as a religious refugee in
859:. He remained a member of the
831:Handbook of a Christian Knight
634:Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus
396:Handbook of a Christian Knight
132:Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus
13:
1:
27100:16th-century writers in Latin
26352:Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
25749:History of Christian theology
24581:Oration on the Dignity of Man
21784:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
21319:On the Freedom of a Christian
21270:Resources about Martin Luther
20635:The Correspondence of Erasmus
20456:Bietenholz, Peter G. (2009).
20373:. Cambridge University Press.
20320:Erasmus: A Critical Biography
19746:"Erasmus and the Visual Arts"
19432:The Correspondence of Erasmus
18987:Galli, Mark, and Olsen, Ted.
18224:Wolf, Erik (1 January 1978).
17791:10.1017/CHOL9780521300087.005
17745:"Cicero: Academic Skepticism"
17494:10.1080/14622459.2019.1612979
17359:Concordia Theological Journal
17171:István Pieter Bejczy (2001).
17095:Costello, Gabriel J. (2018).
17025:. 20 (Number 77) (1): 85–88.
16823:Kleinhans, Robert G. (1970).
16809:Galli, Mark, and Olsen, Ted.
16296:"Erasmus and the Ideal Ruler"
15782:Concordia Theological Monthly
15378:"The Complaint of Peace, p57"
15089:10.1017/CHOL9780521042550.011
14837:The English Historical Review
14688:Truman State University Press
14444:Bietenholz, Peter G. (1966).
14253:: 335–339. 31 December 2020.
14251:The Correspondence of Erasmus
14172:: 151–302. 31 December 2020.
14170:The Correspondence of Erasmus
14126:: 151–302. 31 December 2020.
14124:The Correspondence of Erasmus
13783:"Altbasel - Erasmus in Basel"
13739:, BM exh. cat. 1995, no. 238.
13537:The Sixteenth Century Journal
12488:The English Historical Review
12347:Erasmus, the Growth of a Mind
12267:Adams, Robert Pardee (1937).
11933:The English Historical Review
11651:, Duke University Press, 1994
11600:Molen, Richard L. de (1987).
11419:Harry Vredeveld, ed. (1993),
11034:, University of Toronto, 1991
10609:
10351:10.1080/13574175.2017.1387967
10040:Nichols, ep. 59; Allen, ep 64
9909:. Cambridge University Press.
9621:) by classical pagan authors.
8752:The Sixteenth Century Journal
7973:Harry Vredeveld, ed. (1993),
7702:
7615:has been produced since 1981.
7276:; right, holding a heart, is
6775:Following Paul, Quintillian (
6067:Between friends all is common
5881:In 1530, Erasmus published a
5852:
3798:Triple Commentary on Psalm 23
3729:Archduke Ferdinand of Austria
3433:—financed by his late friend
2400:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2187:
2180:
2132:
2087:
2044:
2030:
1974:
1865:
1844:
1720:
1633:
1269:
921:
89:
27160:Dutch expatriates in England
25680:History of Catholic theology
24651:The Society of the Spectacle
23386:Desacralization of knowledge
21840:Melanchthonhaus (Wittenberg)
21550:Heidelberg Disputation, 1518
21510:A Mighty Fortress Is Our God
20840:Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek
20746:Resources in other libraries
20722:Resources in other libraries
20510:MacPhail, Eric (ed) (2023).
20487:Gulik, Egbertus van (2018).
20480:Furey, Constance M. (2009).
20411:Erasmus of the Low Countries
20207:Augustijn, Cornelis (1995).
20029:"Erasmus University College"
19619:Treu, Erwin (1959). pp.20–21
19463:Dequeker, J. (1 July 1991).
19430:"Erasmus' Illness in 1530".
18710:Journal of Religious History
18482:History of Political Thought
16990:"Letter of 6 September 1524"
16711:10.1017/CBO9780511560668.012
15934:History of Political Thought
15428:10.1080/10848770.2013.859793
13817:"Erasmus and His Amanuenses"
13815:Blair, Ann (13 March 2019).
13442:Erasmus of the Low Countries
12852:Erasmus, Desiderius (2016).
12625:10.1484/M.LECTIO-EB.5.116073
12236:UK public library membership
11978:Erasmus, Desiderius (1974).
11865:Erasmus, Desiderius (1989).
11529:Mazzonis, Querciolo (2018).
10892:DeMolen, Richard L. (1976).
10578:wrote in the Preface to his
9788:10.1017/CBO9780511553806.010
9189:History of Political Thought
9070:Fifth Council of the Lateran
8414:"When the Lutheran tragedy (
7947:The Monastic Review Bulletin
7620:Erasmus University Rotterdam
7549:
6959:Erasmus, The Praise of Folly
6447:
5885:of the orthodox treatise of
5841:On the Preparation for Death
4593:On the war against the Turks
4561:
4433:secret inclination of nature
4243:Erasmus was not an absolute
3463:, a former pupil of Erasmus.
2393:
2363:
2318:
2311:
2222:
2125:
2080:
2037:
1967:
1953:
1946:
1918:
1858:
1851:
1799:
1776:
1742:
1673:
1659:
1591:Cities and Routes of Erasmus
1038:, later owned by his friend
147:, letters, author and editor
7:
27170:Dutch Renaissance humanists
27165:Dutch expatriates in France
25105:Theological intellectualism
22798:Best of all possible worlds
22755:Eschatological verification
22312:Fine-tuning of the universe
21835:Martin Luther's Death House
21830:Martin Luther's Birth House
21693:Hans and Margarethe Luther
21606:Priesthood of all believers
21063:Julius Excluded from Heaven
20920:. NGN produkties Amsterdam.
20868:(public domain audiobooks)
20528:McDonald, Grantley (2016).
20501:Martin, Terence J. (2016).
19868:Stein, Wilhelm (1929), p.78
19565:10.1093/rheumatology/keg474
19518:The Journal of Rheumatology
19300:Benedek, Thomas G. (1983).
19128:Moss, Ann (14 March 1996).
18818:Chaudhury, Sarbani (2014).
18259:. Charles Scribner's Sons.
17973:. University of Cambridge.
17934:Laytam, Miles J.J. (2007).
17238:, (1706), vol. 10, 1578BC.
16684:"The Colloquies of Erasmus"
16340:10.1007/978-3-030-79860-4_4
16070:10.21071/refime.v26i1.11846
15615:. University of Leicester.
15518:Cahill, Lisa Sowle (2019).
14784:Żantuan, Konstanty (1965).
14725:Jan Van Herwaarden (2003),
14609:University of Toronto Press
14322:Bell, Aubrey F. G. (1941).
13599:"Erasmus House, Anderlecht"
13006:A Cambridge Alumni Database
12978:. Queenslib.wordpress.com.
12827:University of Toronto Press
12802:"Erasmus, Desiderius"
12436:10.3366/more.2014.51.3-4.13
12206:"Erasmus circle in England"
12090:Coroleu, Alejandro (2014).
11741:Kuhner, John Byron (2017).
11288:. Davidsfonds/Leuven, 2004.
11196:Miller, Clement A. (1966).
11140:The Cloister and the Hearth
9613:), and profane literature (
9387:Tentler, Thomas N. (1965).
9074:Minnich, Nelson H. (1969).
8301:Life and Letters of Erasmus
7690:are named after him, as is
7540:'s 2009 documentary series
7466:Portrait of Erasmus (Dürer)
7255:
7208:
7138:Julius Excluded from Heaven
6718:of the traditional view".
4685:While many humanists, from
4238:Method of True Theology, 4
4214:
4016:Epitaph for Erasmus in the
3371:of Antwerp, in whose house
3221:Queens' College Old Library
2459:Thin line: alpine crossings
2370:
2208:
2023:
2002:
1995:
1911:
1904:
1693:
1640:
1166:Circle of Latin Secretaries
1051:Brethren of the Common Life
10:
27281:
27260:University of Turin alumni
27255:University of Paris alumni
26778:Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
26768:Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange
26053:Transubstantiation dispute
25483:Principle of double effect
21794:Albrecht VII. von Mansfeld
21445:On the Jews and Their Lies
21367:On the Bondage of the Will
20836:Works by and about Erasmus
20625:Collected Works of Erasmus
20516:. Leiden and Boston: Brill
20473:Dodds, Gregory D. (2010).
20341:; Flower, Barbara (1952).
20104:"Erasmus Building history"
19156:. In Eric MacPhail (ed.),
18397:10.3366/more.1991.28.2-3.4
18339:Eighteenth-Century Studies
18163:Scheck, Thomas P. (2016).
17202:Collected Works of Erasmus
16994:Collected Works of Erasmus
16641:Lusset, Elizabeth (2012).
16601:Wallace, Peter G. (2004).
16535:10.1017/CCOL0521772249.005
16403:10.1177/004056397103200415
15889:Trapman, Johannes (2013).
15656:10.1163/156853106776150225
15638:Dallmayr, Fred R. (2006).
15022:Trinkaus, Charles (1976).
14584:"Desiderius Erasmus"
13670:Müller, Christian (2006).
13631:Serikoff, Nicolaj (2004).
13367:10.14330/jeail.2009.2.2.05
13313:LSU Doctoral Dissertations
13292:Borusowski, Piotr (2020).
13008:. University of Cambridge.
12907:Seebohm, Frederic (1869).
12782:Cambridge (1964), 305-307.
12430:(3–4 (197–198)): 231–244.
11661:Collected Works of Erasmus
11363:World History Encyclopedia
11157:Grendler, Paul F. (1983).
11017:. London: Longmans, Green.
10481:10.1177/004057360706400109
10273:Hoffmann, Manfred (1994).
10085:10.1177/004057360706400109
9478:Contesting the Reformation
9393:Studies in the Renaissance
8134:Monastic Research Bulletin
7941:Haseldine, Julian (2006).
7632:Erasmus University College
7459:
7300:with linen and lace choir
7154:
7093:
7042:
7036:
6870:The Christology of Erasmus
6779:) and Gregory the Great's
6260:in relation to salvation.
6223:§ On Free Will (1524)
6220:
6214:
4817:Principle of Double Effect
4587:, which was then invading
4449:or absolutely mandated by
4312:
3930:In 1535, Erasmus' friends
3833:, Archbishop of Canterbury
3776:, his manual on preaching
3708:Freiburg (1529–1535)
3469:Field of the Cloth of Gold
3453:Field of the Cloth of Gold
1581:
1118:Congregation of Windesheim
794:scholarly editions of the
372:Criticism of Protestantism
185:Queens' College, Cambridge
42:
36:
29:
27027:
26946:
26755:
26614:
26484:
26360:
26239:
26096:
26003:
25863:
25757:
25695:
25686:
25614:
25553:
25350:
25127:
25097:
25059:
25016:
24978:
24971:
24948:
24882:
24829:
24733:
24721:Intellectuals and Society
24671:The Culture of Narcissism
24562:
24230:
24022:
23971:
23900:
23814:
23807:
23747:
23509:
23441:
23373:
23277:
23162:
23082:
23017:
22939:
22846:
22831:
22783:
22745:
22457:
22382:
22257:
22248:
22178:
22115:
22106:
22037:
21974:
21949:
21863:
21845:St. Augustine's Monastery
21802:
21686:
21596:Theology of Martin Luther
21586:Augsburg Confession, 1530
21530:
21477:
21278:
21260:
21202:
21171:
21138:
21127:
21022:
21009:
20799:Works by or about Erasmus
20741:Resources in your library
20717:Resources in your library
20600:, Ravenna, SBC Edizioni,
20546:. Palgrave Macmillan Cham
20539:. Palgrave Macmillan Cham
20519:Massing, Michael (2022).
20429:
20367:Jebb, Richard Claverhouse
19440:10.3138/9781442668331-008
19263:"Erasmus' Medical Milieu"
19070:10.1163/9789004539686_014
19019:10.1163/18712428-09604006
18901:Mccuaig, William (1994).
18786:Alianello, Emily (2019).
18773:10.7591/9780801463273-003
18647:10.1017/9781108761437.002
18582:The Communion of the Book
18541:10.1163/18749275-03901009
17918:10.1163/18749275-03601014
17644:10.1163/18749275-03502003
17559:10.1163/9789401202985_006
17467:10.1163/18749275-03702007
17429:10.1163/9789004539686_005
17396:10.1163/9789004255630_007
17031:10.3366/more.1983.20.1.22
16976:10.1163/18749275-13330103
16948:10.1163/18749275-04401002
16752:Green, Lowell C. (1974).
16523:"The theology of Erasmus"
16489:10.1515/9780228015857-009
16481:The Communion of the Book
16214:10.1515/9781501764769-005
16181:10.1007/978-3-030-24929-8
15309:10.1163/9789004539686_012
15237:10.1017/9781139017169.014
15160:10.1017/9781108775434.011
15009:10.1163/18749275-03601005
14915:10.1163/18749275-03901009
14862:Guggisbert, Hans (2003).
14751:"Erasmus and Switzerland"
14679:Sixteenth Century Journal
14448:. Geneva: Librairie Droz.
14309:10.1163/18749275-00000006
14259:10.3138/9781487532833-007
14178:10.3138/9781487532833-005
14132:10.3138/9781487532833-005
14039:10.1017/9781139087728.005
13868:10.3138/9781442660076-002
13833:10.1163/18749275-03901011
13411:10.1163/9789004255630_009
13296:. UNIWERSYTET WARSZAWSKI.
13248:Seidel Menchi, S. (ed.).
13160:"Old Library Collections"
13064:Wine In The Ancient World
13061:Seltman, Charles (1957).
12753:Treu, Erwin (1959),pp.8–9
12724:10.1163/9789004473676_024
12654:. BoD – Books on Demand.
12500:10.1093/ehr/XXIV.XCIII.91
12154:10.1163/18749275-04102001
11945:10.1093/ehr/XXV.XCVII.123
11906:10.1163/15700690-12341402
10788:10.1163/18749275-03902002
10736:10.1515/9780823295289-004
10713:10.1017/9781108264945.005
10282:. University of Toronto.
9923:10.1163/9789004539686_005
9874:10.1163/18749275-00000005
9537:monachatus non est pietas
9262:Erasmus's Spanish friend
9214:"Erasmus' Medical Milieu"
8982:10.3138/9781487510206-020
8916:Surtz, Edward L. (1950).
8815:) where the prejudice is
8599:Congregation of the Index
8450:Prominent reformers like
8106:Dispensed of his vows of
7643:had an Erasmus Institute.
7213:
6872:(Publisher's description
6095:the former master of the
6091:, and Dominicans such as
6087:such as Jean Vitrier and
4712:
4696:
4630:wrote that the charge of
4302:medieval lay spirituality
4261:On the War with the Turks
3203:Erasmus mainly stayed at
3098:
3042:Doctor of Sacred Theology
2816:: Bishop Henry of Bergen,
2430:
2412:
2408:
2382:
2378:
2352:
2347:
2301:
2296:
2235:
2230:
2200:
2195:
2163:
2158:
2100:
2095:
2056:
2052:
2015:
2010:
1987:
1982:
1931:
1926:
1896:
1891:
1837:
1832:
1789:
1784:
1762:
1757:
1732:
1728:
1705:
1701:
1685:
1681:
1652:
1648:
1625:
1621:
1605:
1523:
627:
623:
615:
605:
595:
590:
586:
582:
578:
487:
478:Lectio difficilior potior
440:
380:
329:
303:
287:
277:
272:
203:
172:
167:
163:
151:
136:
128:
109:
85:
65:
53:
27120:Burials at Basel Münster
26692:Matthias Joseph Scheeben
25885:Athanasius of Alexandria
25777:First Epistle of Clement
24711:The Malaise of Modernity
24661:The History of Sexuality
23760:Catholic social teaching
23027:Friedrich Schleiermacher
22613:Theories about religions
22415:Inconsistent revelations
21648:Eucharist in Lutheranism
21574:Decet Romanum Pontificem
20855:
20842:(German Digital Library)
20631:, in English translation
20225:Barker, William (2022).
19909:european-union.europa.eu
19744:Panofsky, Erwin (1969).
19261:Krivatsy, Peter (1973).
19201:Kloss, Waldemar (1907).
18333:Chapin, Chester (1973).
18310:10.4102/aosis.2023.BK448
18280:Gilson, Étienne (1990).
18255:Gilson, Etienne (1937).
18209:The Sileni of Alcibiades
18169:Erasmus's Life of Origen
17999:Spitz, Lewis W. (1967).
17713:Linkels, Nicole (2013).
17133:A reference to Luther's
15740:Kieffer, Amanda (2006).
15494:"The End of Christendom"
15463:"The Complaint of Peace"
15173:Williams, W. J. (1927).
15129:10.1177/0014524608091090
14749:Campion, Edmund (2003).
14418:(Thesis). UC San Diego.
13909:Seaver, William (1959).
13091:10.1177/0024363920968427
12482:Gairdner, James (1909).
12385:"Erasmus' Greek Studies"
12344:Tracy, James D. (1972).
12271:. University of Chicago.
11781:www.1902encyclopedia.com
11743:"The Vatican's Latinist"
11649:Queering the Renaissance
11625:Kraebel, Andrew (2011).
10414:"Erasmus insists in the
9977:Rice, Eugene F. (1950).
9475:Dixon, C. Scott (2012).
9212:Krivatsy, Peter (1973).
8272:Schofield, John (2003).
7923:Thomson, D.F.S. (1969).
7816:house, Stein (or Steyn).
7711:
7646:The Erasmus Building in
7641:University of Notre Dame
7390:Hans Holbein the Younger
7032:
6540:According to theologian
6488:is regarded as his own.
6363:
6323:In 1529, Erasmus wrote "
6234:The Inquisition of Faith
4574:
4554:The Sileni of Alcibiades
3898:Hugo von Hohenlandenberg
3611:Adagiorum Chiliades tres
3518:Hans Holbein the Younger
3440:By 1518, he reported to
3435:Hieronymus van Busleyden
3267:Hieronymus van Busleyden
3152:Hans Holbein the Younger
2903:
2878:Hans Holbein the Younger
2536:
1032:Temptation of St Anthony
32:Erasmus (disambiguation)
27190:Greek–Latin translators
26803:Dietrich von Hildebrand
26667:Giovanni Maria Cornoldi
26541:Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet
26521:Mary of Jesus of Ágreda
26063:Paulinus II of Aquileia
26058:Predestination disputes
25110:Theological voluntarism
24791:Philosophy of education
21850:Veste Coburg (Fortress)
21399:On War Against the Turk
21119:Ecclesiastes of Erasmus
21095:The Freedom of the Will
20830:German National Library
20596:Lorenzo Cortesi (2012)
20556:Winters, Adam. (2005).
20494:Payne, John B. (1970).
20170:10.1163/187492790X00085
19805:Cleveland Museum of Art
19719:Cleveland Museum of Art
19695:Stein, Wilhelm (1929).
19680:Stein, Wilhelm (1929).
19219:10.5840/monist190717138
18875:. Thomistic Institute.
18798:1961/cuislandora:213631
18750:10.1163/187492798X00069
18722:10.1111/1467-9809.00039
18460:10.1163/187492795X00053
18106:10.3138/j.ctt1287x95.12
17814:Caspari, Fritz (1947).
17515:Laursen, J. C. (2016).
16309:Payne, John B. (1970).
16206:The Salvation of Israel
15347:"Erasmus: Then and Now"
14897:Moore, Michael (2019).
14651:10.1163/187492703X00036
14384:Mackay, Lauren (2019).
13891:Pastor, Ludwig (1923).
13531:Sowards, J. K. (1982).
13207:10.1163/002820390X00024
12808:Encyclopædia Britannica
11720:. Stroud: Sutton publ.
11604:. Nieuwkoop: De Graaf.
11260:Encyclopedia Britannica
11137:The 19th-century novel
11113:"Catholic Encyclopedia"
10630:Encyclopædia Britannica
10250:Furthermore, "the role
10206:between 1150 and 1180,
9834:goal of peace of mind,
9729:De recta pronuntiatione
8819:in order to subvert it.
8617:10.1163/187492700X00048
8456:Erasmus and Switzerland
8315:Bartholome de las Casas
8108:stability and obedience
8094:10.1163/157006994X00117
7893:On Spiritual Friendship
7384:Painting of Erasmus as
7326:) or long black cloak.
6929:superficially repellent
6670:Method of True Theology
6140:Lucas Cranach the Elder
4933:Theological determinism
4613:
4539:In a letter to Cardial
4354:, and his wide-ranging
4339:Dulce bellum inexpertis
4277:development of doctrine
4247:but promoted political
3850:Alonso Manrique de Lara
3490:Basel (1521–1529)
3249:Burgundy/Louvain circle
3186:University of Cambridge
3099:Neakadêmia (Νεακαδημία)
2770:Publio Fausto Andrelini
2566:Publio Fausto Andrelini
2457:Dark circles: residence
1064:The Imitation of Christ
973:Compendium vitae Erasmi
856:matters of indifference
837:On Civility in Children
424:Novum Instrumentum omne
403:On Civility in Children
367:Philosophy of education
311:University of Cambridge
123:, Old Swiss Confederacy
27265:Writers from Rotterdam
27039:Catholicism portal
26888:Hans Urs von Balthasar
26687:Tommaso Maria Zigliara
26627:Félicité de La Mennais
26306:The Cloud of Unknowing
25807:The Shepherd of Hermas
25626:Catholicism portal
23730:
23684:
23670:
22891:Gaunilo of Marmoutiers
22031:Philosophy of religion
21923:Martin Luther, Heretic
21815:Stadtkirche Wittenberg
21581:Marburg Colloquy, 1529
21079:Paraphrases of Erasmus
21031:Prosopopeia Britanniae
20879:from BBC Radio 4 with
20850:Swiss National Library
20641:Rabil, Albert (2001).
20513:A Companion to Erasmus
20498:, Research in Theology
20387:Rummel, Erika (2004).
19158:A Companion to Erasmus
19062:A Companion to Erasmus
18177:10.2307/j.ctt19rmcgd.7
18122:Flowers of Freethought
18119:Foote, George (1894).
18005:Reformers in Profile:
17684:Innerd, W. L. (1969).
17421:A Companion to Erasmus
17204:, Vol. 76, pp. 204–05.
17177:. Brill. p. 172.
16678:A Religious Pilgrimage
16521:Rummel, Erika (2004).
16227:Rummel, Erika (1989).
16150:Jewish Virtual Library
16146:"Erasmus of Rotterdam"
15873:Froude, James Anthony
15861:apostoliki-diakonia.gr
15301:A Companion to Erasmus
15040:10.14315/arg-1976-jg01
14966:10.14315/arg-1987-jg03
14412:Ingram, Kevin (2006).
14209:Wilson, Derek (1996).
13189:Rummel, Erika (1990).
12878:"History and Archives"
12685:Treu, Erwin (1959),p.8
12560:10.3366/more.2022.0119
12383:Giese, Rachel (1934).
12221:10.1093/ref:odnb/96813
11298:Roosen, Joris (2020).
11159:"In Praise of Erasmus"
10827:: 215–55, esp. 238–39.
10371:Not a novel idea: see
10144:Philosophia christiana
10038:Erasmus to Thomas Grey
9915:A Companion to Erasmus
9733:Bacchi, Elisa (2019).
9618:
9610:
9602:
9308:
9300:
9282:similarly came from a
8966:" R. Sider translates
8963:
8887:
8836:Jewish Virtual Library
8832:"Erasmus of Rotterdam"
8419:
7967:
7857:Reformation: A History
7754:
7457:
7449:
7409:
7403:
7392:
7346:
7322:
7307:
7285:
7267:
7203:
7185:
7170:
7151:Legacy and evaluations
7144:The Complaint of Peace
7030:
6992:
6974:patristic commentators
6962:
6878:
6696:
6674:
6633:classical philosophers
6626:Philosophia Christiana
6611:
6581:
6569:
6538:
6516:
6436:
6427:Philosophy and Erasmus
6361:
6338:
6316:
6297:
6263:Luther responded with
6208:
6186:
6165:
6142:
6028:
5981:
5928:Protestant Reformation
5923:
5862:
5769:Catholicism portal
5121:Gregory (of Nazianzus)
4985:Christian Neoplatonism
4623:
4591:, notably in his book
4559:
4496:
4493:Letter to Martin Bucer
4461:
4352:Field of Cloth of Gold
4338:
4308:
4295:
4292:The Complaint of Peace
4273:The Complaint of Peace
4241:
4067:
4059:
4020:
3867:Complutensian Polyglot
3845:
3834:
3741:
3673:
3647:Novum testamentum omne
3583:
3564:Christoph von Utenheim
3464:
3363:
3154:
3089:of the famous printer
3082:
3053:
2885:
1150:
1101:
1042:
1015:
972:
949:
825:The Complaint of Peace
804:Protestant Reformation
515:Johannes Oecolampadius
461:Erasmian pronunciation
93: 28 October 1466
27205:Natural law ethicists
27145:Deaths from dysentery
27125:Catholic philosophers
26813:Marie-Dominique Chenu
26732:Marie-Joseph Lagrange
26717:Désiré-Joseph Mercier
26601:Clement Mary Hofbauer
26596:Johann Michael Sailer
26023:Maximus the Confessor
25715:History of the papacy
25638:Philosophy portal
25453:Infused righteousness
24796:Philosophy of history
24786:Philosophy of culture
24681:A Conflict of Visions
23426:Faith and rationality
23381:Criticism of religion
23319:Robert Merrihew Adams
23309:Nicholas Wolterstorff
22512:Divine command theory
21729:Bartholomaeus Arnoldi
21724:Albert of Brandenburg
21601:Theology of the Cross
21487:First Lutheran hymnal
21415:Articles of Schwabach
20647:Renaissance Quarterly
20489:Erasmus and His Books
20391:. London: Continuum.
20301:Froude, James Anthony
20261:Erasmus: the reformer
20126:queensconferences.com
20070:. Europa (web portal)
19405:Renaissance Quarterly
19353:Renaissance Quarterly
18839:10.14277/2420-823X/3p
18612:www.christianunity.va
18301:The Belgic Confession
18032:10.3138/9781487533250
17365:26 March 2023 at the
17260:10.3138/9781442660076
16434:10.3138/9781487533250
16233:Renaissance Quarterly
16099:Renaissance Quarterly
15584:10.1057/9780230583641
15574:White, R. S. (2008).
14948:Tracy, James (1987).
14590:Catholic Encyclopedia
14472:10.3138/9781487536695
13856:Introductpry Note in
13759:10.3138/9781442680944
13508:10.3138/9781442681019
13282:Kaminska, Barbara A.
13078:The Linacre Quarterly
12797:Allen, Percy Stafford
12780:The Adages of Erasmus
12461:. Turnhout: Brepols.
12389:The Classical Journal
11456:Renaissance Quarterly
11202:The Musical Quarterly
11089:10.3138/9781442674554
11030:Cornelius Augustijn,
10985:Renaissance Quarterly
10858:Renaissance Quarterly
10669:Catholic Encyclopedia
10276:Rhetoric and Theology
10208:Nicolas of Autrecourt
9640:Catholic Encyclopedia
9577:Catholic Encyclopedia
9461:for years before the
8901:Note that the use of
8813:the Mote and the Beam
8645:Kerr, Fergus (2005).
8586:Francis Aidan Gasquet
8420:Lutheranae tragoediae
7460:Further information:
7455:
7439:
7401:
7383:
7344:
7263:
7193:
7172:
7164:
7005:
6966:
6951:
6860:
6682:
6660:
6650:In works such as his
6597:
6571:
6567:
6527:
6505:
6434:
6342:
6333:
6329:Gerardus Geldenhouwer
6302:
6279:
6221:Further information:
6198:
6181:
6129:
6007:
5967:
5917:
5910:Institutional reforms
5860:
5781:Philosophy portal
4621:
4545:
4485:
4459:
4378:Cicero and John Colet
4284:
4231:
4190:Second Temple Judaism
4108:Biographers, such as
4015:
3992:for five years under
3840:
3829:
3816:Preparation for Death
3812:Praeparatio ad mortem
3737:
3671:
3573:
3450:
3412:Ferdinand of Hapsburg
3354:
3146:
3069:
2875:
2834:Abbey of Saint Bertin
2231:Freiburg im Breisgau
1091:
1026:
940:
591:Ecclesiastical career
18:Erasmus von Rotterdam
26989:Raniero Cantalamessa
26959:Alice von Hildebrand
26908:Edward Schillebeeckx
26586:Maria Gaetana Agnesi
26471:Lawrence of Brindisi
26401:Francisco de Vitoria
26191:Beatrice of Nazareth
26166:Hugh of Saint Victor
26146:Bernard of Clairvaux
26126:Anselm of Canterbury
26088:John Scotus Eriugena
26083:Paschasius Radbertus
25930:Gregory of Nazianzus
25824:Epistle to Diognetus
25586:Doctor of the Church
25468:Ontological argument
24801:Political philosophy
24601:Democracy in America
23416:Religious philosophy
22896:Pico della Mirandola
22861:Anselm of Canterbury
22793:Augustinian theodicy
22705:Religious skepticism
22038:Concepts in religion
21658:Words of Institution
21555:Leipzig Debate, 1519
21003:Erasmus of Rotterdam
20918:www.ngnprodukties.nl
20914:"Sporen van Erasmus"
20894:Desiderius Erasmus:
20768:"Desiderius Erasmus"
20756:"Desiderius Erasmus"
20542:Ron, Nathan (2021).
20535:Ron, Nathan (2019).
20422:Erasmus of Rotterdam
20355:The Cloister Library
20108:www.queens.cam.ac.uk
20053:. 19 September 2010.
19481:10.1136/ard.50.7.517
18675:. 1517 Media. 2017.
18476:Remer, Gary (1989).
18412:Studies in Philology
18001:"Desiderius Erasmus"
17962:van Kooten, George.
17875:"Desiderius Erasmus"
17605:10.3138/j.ctt1kgqwzz
17583:Dealy, Ross (2017).
17122:publisher's abstract
16572:"The Erasmus Option"
16324:Ron, Nathan (2021).
16171:Ron, Nathan (2019).
16119:Erasmus and the Jews
16104:29 July 2023 at the
16049:Ron, Nathan (2019).
15982:Howell, Rob (2003).
15891:"Erasmus and Heresy"
15410:Ron, Nathan (2014).
15117:The Expository Times
14889:Terrence J. Martin,
14568:www.italicapress.com
13735:quoting G. Bartrum,
13601:. 14 February 2016.
13478:expo.bib.kuleuven.be
12252:Treu, Erwin (1959).
12203:Baker House, Simon.
11535:Archivium Hibernicum
11359:"Desiderius Erasmus"
11214:10.1093/mq/LII.3.332
11163:The Wilson Quarterly
10950:"Desiderius Erasmus"
10679:13 June 2010 at the
10661:13 June 2010 at the
9323:Johannes Pfefferkorn
9280:Francisco de Vergara
8922:Studies in Philology
8299:Froud, J.A. (1896).
8173:eternal punishment."
7891:'s influential book
7862:Erasmus of Rotterdam
7567:is named after him.
7536:portrays Erasmus in
7444:, 1526, engraved in
6982:methodological works
6944:Theological writings
6868:Terrence J. Martin,
6319:"False evangelicals"
6211:Dispute on free will
6059:evangelical counsels
6052:evangelical counsels
5889:against the heretic
5017:Second scholasticism
4707:intellectual milieux
4687:Pico della Mirandola
4677:Paraphrase on Romans
4665:racially antisemitic
4650:Johannes Pfefferkorn
4581:public policy debate
4510:Theodore the Studite
4167:In a 1518 letter to
4140:Manner of expression
3725:Freiburg im Breisgau
3678:German Peasants' War
3431:University of Alcalá
3243:Flanders and Brabant
2733:Erasmus also became
2713:University of Oxford
1110:Gouda, South Holland
808:Catholic Reformation
769:Northern Renaissance
733:Erasmus of Rotterdam
362:Political philosophy
321:University of Leuven
316:University of Oxford
295:Renaissance humanism
282:Northern Renaissance
30:For other uses, see
27135:Counter-Reformation
27130:Christian humanists
26964:Carlo Maria Martini
26928:Johann Baptist Metz
26898:Frederick Copleston
26722:Friedrich von Hügel
26682:Joseph Hergenröther
26662:Gaetano Sanseverino
26642:Ignaz von Döllinger
26566:Nicolas Malebranche
26406:Thomas of Villanova
26367:Counter-Reformation
26347:Girolamo Savonarola
26161:Hildegard of Bingen
25970:Cyril of Alexandria
25813:Aristides of Athens
25800:Epistle of Barnabas
25789:Ignatius of Antioch
25727:Ecumenical councils
25413:Divine illumination
25069:Augustinian realism
24937:Theological virtues
24876:Catholic philosophy
24641:One-Dimensional Man
23401:History of religion
23102:Friedrich Nietzsche
22979:Gottfried W Leibniz
22974:Nicolas Malebranche
22906:King James VI and I
22186:Abrahamic religions
21988:Theologia Germanica
21754:Johann von Staupitz
21568:Diet of Worms, 1521
21453:Vom Schem Hamphoras
21161:Apophthegmatum opus
20885:Diarmaid MacCulloch
20877:In Our Time podcast
20610:Pep Mayolas (2014)
20576:Erasme et l'Espagne
20408:, James D. (1997).
20263:. London: Methuen.
19697:Holbein der Jüngere
19682:Holbein der Jüngere
18907:The Medieval Review
18822:The Praise Of Folly
18565:Word and Supplement
17971:Faculty of Divinity
16391:Theological Studies
15416:The European Legacy
14849:10.1093/ehr/ceaa149
13704:35 (April): 109–20.
13170:on 13 December 2013
13123:The Recipes Project
13033:World Civilizations
12588:. 23 October 2023.
11842:Laboratoire Italien
11825:Extract of page 159
11806:Hunt Janin (2014).
10954:Winter 2009 Edition
10562:The Praise of Folly
10534:everything else on.
9843:consensus Ecclesiae
9565:Exequiae Seriphicae
9313:In the case of the
9175:Letter to Paul Volz
8113:6 June 2019 at the
7852:Diarmaid MacCulloch
7521:St. Lawrence Church
7416:I concede to no-one
7189:Christian humanists
7132:The Praise of Folly
7126:Protestant bibles.
6924:The Praise of Folly
6903:philosophia christi
6886:Sermon on the Mount
6824:theologia rhetorica
6707:, inverbation, and
6699:Theology of Erasmus
6656:philosophia Christi
6637:philosophia Christi
6631:Erasmus approached
6619:Philosophia Christi
6606:The Praise of Folly
6044:The Praise of Folly
6022:Erasmus, "Charon",
5986:The Praise of Folly
5920:Portrait of Erasmus
4847:Liberation Theology
4748:Catholic philosophy
4663:but not vehemently
4415:of Poland in 1527.
4413:Sigismund I the Old
4200:Spanish Inquisition
4098:Sebastian Castellio
4093:Bonifacius Amerbach
3925:Catherine of Aragon
3886:Guillaume Briçonnet
3560:Antoine I. de Vergy
3514:Bonifacius Amerbach
3419:Collegium Trilingue
3387:running the nearby
3130:The Praise of Folly
3118:The Praise of Folly
3050:University of Turin
3031:New Testament Notes
2688:Catherine of Aragon
2678: •
2639:Christopher Urswick
2547:Collège de Montaigu
2543:University of Paris
2485:), escape from the
1282:defects of natality
1250:Catholic priesthood
1068:Peter left for the
1055:Epistle to Grunnius
819:The Praise of Folly
784:humanist techniques
550:William Shakespeare
545:Miguel de Cervantes
448:Philosophia Christi
389:The Praise of Folly
288:School or tradition
190:University of Turin
180:University of Paris
168:Academic background
27175:Dutch rhetoricians
27115:Augustinian canons
27060:Desiderius Erasmus
26979:Alasdair MacIntyre
26858:Nouvelle théologie
26747:Thérèse of Lisieux
26591:Alfonso Muzzarelli
26531:Jean-Jacques Olier
26501:Tommaso Campanella
26416:Francisco de Osuna
26411:Ignatius of Loyola
26280:Catherine of Siena
26176:Robert Grosseteste
26073:Benedict of Aniane
26013:Isidore of Seville
25955:Augustine of Hippo
25920:Cyril of Jerusalem
25915:Hilary of Poitiers
25581:Islamic philosophy
25535:Trademark argument
25428:Formal distinction
25378:Augustinian values
25051:Analytical Thomism
25031:Christian humanism
24761:Cultural pessimism
24756:Cultural criticism
23655:National character
23411:Religious language
23391:Ethics in religion
23349:William Lane Craig
23224:Charles Hartshorne
22964:Desiderius Erasmus
22866:Augustine of Hippo
22808:Inconsistent triad
22770:Apophatic theology
22765:Logical positivism
22747:Religious language
22367:Watchmaker analogy
22332:Necessary existent
22108:Conceptions of God
22068:Intelligent design
21789:Frederick the Wise
21774:Philip Melanchthon
21700:Katharina von Bora
21494:Erfurt Enchiridion
21287:Ninety-five Theses
21047:In Praise of Folly
20783:Desiderius Erasmus
20468:Erasmus: Wild Bird
20309:. Scribner's Sons.
20128:. Queens' College.
20122:"The Erasmus Room"
20110:. Queens' College.
20068:"Erasmus Building"
19931:"Erasmus Lectures"
18831:English Literature
18568:. Oxford Academic.
18088:The Erasmus Reader
18063:Hitchcock, James.
17743:Thorsrud, Harald.
17050:Project Guttenberg
17044:Emerton, Ephraim.
16904:www.britannica.com
16682:Seery, Stephenia.
14843:(575): 1016–1018.
14070:www.britannica.com
14030:Reformation Europe
13721:. British Museum.
13119:"Bibulous Erasmus"
12586:www.britannica.com
12350:. Librairie Droz.
12070:10.17863/CAM.81488
11402:, and Olsen, Ted.
11357:Cartwright, Mark.
11256:"Alexander Hegius"
11198:"Erasmus on Music"
10656:Desiderius Erasmus
10654:Sauer, J. (1909).
10434:Alexander of Hales
10432:, associated with
10254:plays in Erasmus'
10227:Accommodation and
10154:; wherever it was
10142:A Lutheran view: "
9917:. pp. 45–67.
9782:. pp. 86–99.
9669:on 7 February 2007
9619:prophanae litterae
9457:"Erasmus had been
8970:as "he prevailed"
8764:10.1086/SCJ4801005
8647:"Comment: Erasmus"
7962:Letter to Grunnius
7889:Aelred of Rievaulx
7742:Erasmus of Formiae
7618:Rotterdam has the
7512:Hendrick de Keyser
7458:
7450:
7404:
7393:
7347:
7290:habit of his order
7286:
7171:
6853:he had given this
6796:Philip Melanchthon
6570:
6560:Anti-scholasticism
6437:
6398:Heinrich Eppendorf
6179:in 1524 he wrote:
6177:Philip Melanchthon
6143:
6136:Philip Melanchthon
6097:Order of Preachers
6033:Augustinian Canons
5924:
5895:transubstantiation
5863:
5126:Gregory (of Nyssa)
4854:Christian Humanism
4624:
4505:Inquisitio de fide
4470:De libero arbitrio
4468:. For example, in
4462:
4398:Adrianus Barlandus
4116:Manner of thinking
4021:
3879:Ignatius of Loyola
3875:Alonso III Fonseca
3846:
3844:, Bishop of Durham
3835:
3802:Explanatio Symboli
3742:
3690:Cornelius Grapheus
3674:
3598:and later his son
3584:
3536: •
3532: •
3528: •
3524: •
3520: •
3512: •
3508: •
3504: •
3465:
3389:diocese of Tournai
3364:
3338:Hermannus Buschius
3306: •
3302: •
3298: •
3283:Cornelius Grapheus
3281: •
3279:Nicolas Cleynaerts
3277: •
3273: •
3269: •
3265: •
3261: •
3257: •
3233:Master of Requests
3175:Convocation sermon
3155:
3083:
3014:personal physician
2958: •
2954: •
2950: •
2946: •
2942: •
2938: •
2934: •
2930: •
2926: •
2922: •
2918: •
2886:
2800: •
2796: •
2792: •
2788: •
2784: •
2780: •
2776: •
2772: •
2757:France and Brabant
2686: •
2682: •
2674: •
2670: •
2657: •
2653: •
2649: •
2645: •
2641: •
2637: •
2633: •
2629: •
2625: •
2621: •
2617: •
2613: •
2609: •
2605: •
2601: •
2597: •
2501:), royal counsel (
2493:), employment (to
1983:Brussels, Antwerp
1626:Oxford, Cambridge
1226: •
1222: •
1218: •
1214: •
1206: •
1202: •
1200:Cornelius Grapheus
1198: •
1194: •
1190: •
1186: •
1182: •
1178: •
1139:Letter to Grunnius
1133:Certain abuses in
1122:Squire Francis War
1102:
1043:
1010:Rudolphus Agricola
963:the bubonic plague
950:
946:Hendrick de Keyser
932:Erasmus of Formiae
879:. His influential
741:Christian humanist
555:Ignatius of Loyola
505:Philip Melanchthon
259:Augustine of Hippo
60:Desiderius Erasmus
27230:Proto-Protestants
27047:
27046:
26974:Gustavo Gutiérrez
26969:Pope Benedict XVI
26954:Pope John Paul II
26853:Josemaría Escrivá
26843:Henri Daniel-Rops
26727:Vladimir Solovyov
26707:Neo-scholasticism
26647:John Henry Newman
26581:Louis de Montfort
26576:Alphonsus Liguori
26571:Giambattista Vico
26506:Pierre de Bérulle
26492:French Revolution
26461:Robert Bellarmine
26441:John of the Cross
26327:Julian of Norwich
26285:Bridget of Sweden
26275:John of Ruusbroec
26265:William of Ockham
26181:Francis of Assisi
26171:Dominic de Guzmán
26141:Decretum Gratiani
26116:Berengar of Tours
26005:Early Middle Ages
25975:Peter Chrysologus
25925:Basil of Caesarea
25910:Ephrem the Syrian
25850:Antipope Novatian
25646:
25645:
25561:Catholic theology
25508:Seven deadly sins
25478:Peripatetic axiom
25388:Cartesian dualism
25123:
25122:
25089:Scotistic realism
25046:Neo-scholasticism
24842:
24841:
24558:
24557:
23703:Spontaneous order
23693:Social alienation
23542:Cultural heritage
23503:Social philosophy
23469:
23468:
23369:
23368:
23329:Peter van Inwagen
23314:Richard Swinburne
23259:George I Mavrodes
23119:Vladimir Solovyov
23059:Søren Kierkegaard
22984:William Wollaston
22931:William of Ockham
22911:Marcion of Sinope
22813:Irenaean theodicy
22803:Euthyphro dilemma
22730:Transcendentalism
22559:Womanist theology
22549:Feminist theology
22453:
22452:
22244:
22243:
22130:Divine simplicity
22050:Euthyphro dilemma
21997:
21996:
21961:, Washington D.C.
21769:Andreas Karlstadt
21720:
21712:
21704:
21696:
21653:Sacramental union
21526:
21525:
21430:Smalcald Articles
21220:
21219:
20900:Christian Bartolf
20891:, and Jill Kraye.
20794:Project Gutenberg
20698:Library resources
20606:978-88-6347-271-4
20572:Bataillon, Marcel
20420:, Stefan (1937).
20351:Harper Torchbacks
20347:. Harper Collins.
20330:978-0-631-19388-3
19975:"Erasmus Studies"
19808:. 31 October 2018
19722:. 31 October 2018
19655:"Erasmus' bonnet"
19449:978-1-4426-6833-1
18941:www.gutenberg.org
18867:Aquinas, Thomas.
18682:978-1-5064-2337-1
18656:978-1-108-76143-7
18319:978-1-77995-289-9
18266:978-0-89870-748-9
18041:978-1-4875-3325-0
17800:978-1-139-05363-1
17547:Faux Titre Online
17301:978-1-108-47797-0
17269:978-1-4426-6007-6
17159:978-0-8020-4317-7
16730:aldine.lib.sfu.ca
16724:Willinsky, John.
16612:978-0-333-64451-5
16498:978-0-2280-1585-7
16443:978-1-4875-3325-0
16349:978-3-030-79859-8
16190:978-3-030-24928-1
16023:978-0-8132-3802-9
15702:978-0-520-30403-1
15593:978-1-349-36295-0
15531:978-1-5064-3165-9
15175:"Erasmus the Man"
15098:978-1-139-05550-5
14790:The Polish Review
14562:Ruth, Jeffrey S.
14481:978-1-4875-3669-5
14268:978-1-4875-3283-3
14187:978-1-4875-3283-3
14141:978-1-4875-3283-3
14048:978-1-107-60354-7
13956:The Low Countries
13877:978-1-4426-6007-6
13768:978-1-4426-8094-4
13702:Library Quarterly
13687:978-3-7913-3580-3
13517:978-1-4426-8101-9
13452:978-0-520-08745-3
13420:978-90-04-25563-0
12661:978-3-7523-4313-7
12634:978-2-503-58077-7
12468:978-2-503-60225-7
12357:978-2-600-03041-0
12234:(Subscription or
12106:978-1-4438-5894-6
11989:978-1-4426-6833-1
11878:978-0-8020-2656-9
11819:978-0-7864-5201-9
11747:The New Criterion
11663:, vol. 1, p. 12 (
11611:978-90-6004-392-9
11314:978-94-6416-146-5
11098:978-1-4426-7455-4
10948:Nauert, Charles.
10745:978-0-8232-9528-9
10289:978-0-8020-0579-3
10204:John of Salisbury
9690:further scrutiny.
9611:sacrae scripturae
9563:See the collequy
9492:978-1-4051-1323-6
9032:"The argument of
8657:(1003): 257–258.
8544:Expositio Fidelis
8481:Augustinus Marius
8477:Augustinian Canon
8469:Haus zum Walfisch
8216:Roth, F. (1965).
7769:Hieronymous Bosch
7665:Rotterdam has an
7572:Erasmus Programme
7561:exchange students
7557:Erasmus Programme
7516:statue of Erasmus
7367:Alexander Stewart
7231:sweating sickness
7181:Renaissance Types
7075:De ratione studii
7059:Ulrich von Hutten
6917:Mystical theology
6542:George van Kooten
6377:Ulrich von Hutten
6103:Protestant reform
6089:Cardinal Cisneros
5993:Anti-fraternalism
5963:radical offshoots
5891:Berengar of Tours
5818:
5817:
5751:
5750:
5636:Garrigou-Lagrange
4945:Divine Attributes
4691:Johannes Reuchlin
4603:for the latter.
4541:Lorenzo Campeggio
4534:Münster rebellion
4376:", which owes to
4225:Nativity of Jesus
4104:Thought and views
3982:Oath of Supremacy
3978:Cuthbert Tunstall
3952:Expositio Fidelis
3923:; in early 1536,
3896:and Swiss bishop
3842:Cuthbert Tunstall
3721:Augustinus Marius
3680:(1524–1525), the
3600:Hieronymus Froben
3542:Augustinus Marius
3506:Hieronymus Froben
3421:for the study of
3342:Ulrich von Hutten
3304:Ulrich von Hutten
3255:Adrian of Utrecht
3110:Alexander Stewart
3074:, Venice (1501):
2964:Tommaso Inghirami
2928:Alexander Stewart
2858:Philip "the Fair"
2684:Margaret Beaufort
2651:Lorenzo Campeggio
2623:Cuthbert Tunstall
2487:sweating sickness
2477:), education (to
2467:
2466:
2455:Green: early life
2450:
2449:
2303:Florence, Ferrara
1927:'s-Hertogenbosch
1239:Bishop of Cambrai
1212:Alfonso de Valdés
1204:Johannes Secundus
1028:Hieronymous Bosch
942:Statue of Erasmus
631:
630:
565:John Henry Newman
540:François Rabelais
357:Catholic theology
347:Pastoral theology
16:(Redirected from
27272:
27235:Proverb scholars
27037:
27036:
26878:Emmanuel Mounier
26873:Bernard Lonergan
26798:Georges Bernanos
26783:Jacques Maritain
26763:G. K. Chesterton
26652:Henri Lacordaire
26551:Cornelius Jansen
26546:François Fénelon
26476:Francis de Sales
26466:Francisco Suárez
26337:Nicholas of Cusa
26221:Siger of Brabant
26206:Boetius of Dacia
26186:Anthony of Padua
26131:Joachim of Fiore
26111:Gregory of Narek
26098:High Middle Ages
26043:John of Damascus
25935:Gregory of Nyssa
25673:
25666:
25659:
25650:
25649:
25636:
25635:
25634:
25624:
25623:
25448:Homo unius libri
25393:Cogito, ergo sum
25383:Cardinal virtues
25084:Moderate realism
24976:
24975:
24966:
24965:
24960:
24959:
24954:
24953:
24892:Cardinal virtues
24869:
24862:
24855:
24846:
24845:
24806:Social criticism
24726:
24716:
24706:
24696:
24686:
24676:
24666:
24656:
24646:
24636:
24626:
24616:
24606:
24596:
24586:
24576:
23812:
23811:
23794:Frankfurt School
23772:Communitarianism
23735:
23689:
23675:
23496:
23489:
23482:
23473:
23472:
23459:
23458:
23449:
23354:Ali Akbar Rashad
23217:Reinhold Niebuhr
23177:Bertrand Russell
23172:George Santayana
23069:Albrecht Ritschl
23054:Ludwig Feuerbach
22844:
22843:
22840:(by date active)
22700:Process theology
22445:Russell's teapot
22255:
22254:
22250:Existence of God
22160:Process theology
22113:
22112:
22098:Theological veto
22061:religious belief
22024:
22017:
22010:
22001:
22000:
21951:Luther Monuments
21764:Karl von Miltitz
21744:Johann Cochlaeus
21718:
21710:
21708:Magdalena Luther
21702:
21694:
21475:
21474:
21247:
21240:
21233:
21224:
21223:
21210:
21209:
21133:
20996:
20989:
20982:
20973:
20972:
20964:
20963:
20952:
20951:
20940:
20939:
20938:
20931:
20921:
20873:
20872:
20862:Works by Erasmus
20803:Internet Archive
20790:Works by Erasmus
20777:
20686:
20629:U. Toronto Press
20453:
20402:
20374:
20348:
20334:
20310:
20296:
20279:Emerton, Ephraim
20274:
20248:
20237:. Fearn: Focus.
20222:
20189:
20188:
20186:
20184:
20149:
20143:
20136:
20130:
20129:
20118:
20112:
20111:
20100:
20094:
20093:
20086:
20080:
20079:
20077:
20075:
20064:
20055:
20054:
20043:
20037:
20036:
20025:
20019:
20018:
20007:
20001:
20000:
19989:
19983:
19982:
19971:
19965:
19964:
19952:
19946:
19945:
19943:
19941:
19927:
19921:
19920:
19918:
19916:
19911:. European Union
19901:
19895:
19894:
19892:
19890:
19875:
19869:
19866:
19860:
19859:
19857:
19855:
19841:
19835:
19834:
19824:
19818:
19817:
19815:
19813:
19796:
19790:
19789:
19741:
19732:
19731:
19729:
19727:
19710:
19701:
19700:
19692:
19686:
19685:
19677:
19666:
19662:
19649:
19626:
19620:
19617:
19606:
19601:
19595:
19594:
19583:
19577:
19576:
19548:
19542:
19541:
19524:(6): 1181–1184.
19509:
19503:
19502:
19492:
19460:
19454:
19453:
19427:
19421:
19420:
19399:
19393:
19392:
19344:
19338:
19337:
19297:
19291:
19290:
19258:
19252:
19245:
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19238:
19198:
19192:
19191:
19189:
19187:
19167:
19161:
19148:
19142:
19141:
19125:
19119:
19118:
19095:The Art Bulletin
19090:
19084:
19083:
19057:
19051:
19050:
19048:
19046:
18998:
18992:
18985:
18979:
18978:
18976:
18974:
18954:
18945:
18944:
18933:
18927:
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18898:
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18198:
18160:
18154:
18153:
18136:
18130:
18129:
18127:
18116:
18110:
18109:
18084:"Letter to Dorp"
18079:
18073:
18072:
18060:
18054:
18053:
18015:
18009:
18008:
17996:
17990:
17989:
17987:
17985:
17979:
17968:
17964:"Three Symposia"
17959:
17953:
17952:
17950:
17948:
17942:
17931:
17922:
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17901:
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17894:
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17571:
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17505:
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17470:
17449:
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17377:
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17131:
17125:
17120:Massing, 2022 (
17118:
17112:
17111:
17109:
17107:
17092:
17086:
17085:
17084:. pp. 6, 7.
17083:
17072:
17066:
17065:
17063:
17061:
17041:
17035:
17034:
17017:
17008:
17007:
16986:
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16797:
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16733:
16721:
16715:
16714:
16698:
16692:
16691:
16675:
16669:
16668:
16666:
16664:
16658:
16647:
16638:
16632:
16631:
16630:. Brill Archive.
16623:
16617:
16616:
16598:
16592:
16591:
16589:
16587:
16570:Wolfe, Gregory.
16567:
16561:
16560:
16558:
16556:
16518:
16503:
16502:
16476:
16470:
16469:
16462:
16456:
16455:
16421:
16415:
16414:
16386:
16380:
16379:
16373:
16365:
16363:
16361:
16321:
16315:
16314:
16306:
16300:
16299:
16291:
16285:
16284:
16282:
16280:
16224:
16218:
16217:
16201:
16195:
16194:
16168:
16162:
16161:
16159:
16157:
16142:
16136:
16135:
16133:
16131:
16114:
16108:
16096:
16094:
16092:
16086:
16055:
16046:
16040:
16039:
16037:
16035:
16007:
15996:
15995:
15979:
15973:
15972:
15970:
15968:
15948:
15942:
15941:
15929:
15923:
15922:
15920:
15918:
15886:
15880:
15871:
15865:
15864:
15853:
15847:
15846:
15844:
15842:
15837:. Harper Collins
15828:
15822:
15808:
15802:
15801:
15799:
15797:
15773:
15762:
15761:
15759:
15757:
15737:
15731:
15730:
15720:
15714:
15713:
15711:
15709:
15686:
15680:
15679:
15677:
15675:
15635:
15629:
15628:
15626:
15624:
15604:
15598:
15597:
15571:
15565:
15564:
15562:
15560:
15550:
15544:
15543:
15515:
15509:
15508:
15506:
15504:
15489:
15483:
15482:
15480:
15478:
15458:
15452:
15451:
15449:
15447:
15407:
15398:
15397:
15395:
15393:
15376:Erasmus (1813).
15373:
15367:
15366:
15364:
15362:
15342:
15336:
15329:
15323:
15322:
15296:
15290:
15289:
15257:
15251:
15250:
15224:
15215:
15214:
15212:
15210:
15170:
15164:
15163:
15147:
15141:
15140:
15112:
15103:
15102:
15072:
15059:
15058:
15056:
15054:
15019:
15013:
15012:
14991:
14985:
14984:
14982:
14980:
14945:
14939:
14938:
14936:
14934:
14887:
14878:
14877:
14859:
14853:
14852:
14832:
14826:
14825:
14823:
14821:
14781:
14775:
14774:
14772:
14770:
14746:
14740:
14739:
14722:
14716:
14715:
14673:
14664:
14661:
14655:
14654:
14634:
14625:
14624:
14622:
14620:
14601:
14595:
14594:
14586:
14578:
14572:
14571:
14559:
14553:
14552:
14550:
14548:
14529:
14523:
14522:
14520:
14518:
14492:
14486:
14485:
14459:
14450:
14449:
14441:
14432:
14431:
14429:
14427:
14409:
14400:
14399:
14381:
14372:
14371:
14369:
14367:
14319:
14313:
14312:
14292:
14281:
14280:
14246:
14240:
14235:Emerton (1889),
14233:
14227:
14226:
14206:
14200:
14199:
14165:
14154:
14153:
14118:
14112:
14108:
14106:
14104:
14089:Schaff, Philip.
14085:
14083:
14081:
14059:
14053:
14052:
14024:
14018:
14017:
13985:
13972:
13971:
13969:
13967:
13947:
13941:
13940:
13938:
13936:
13930:
13915:
13906:
13897:
13896:
13888:
13882:
13881:
13854:
13845:
13844:
13812:
13803:
13802:
13800:
13798:
13779:
13773:
13772:
13746:
13740:
13734:
13732:
13730:
13711:
13705:
13698:
13692:
13691:
13667:
13661:
13660:
13628:
13615:
13614:
13612:
13610:
13595:
13589:
13588:
13586:
13584:
13528:
13522:
13521:
13495:
13482:
13481:
13470:
13464:
13463:
13461:
13459:
13436:
13425:
13424:
13394:
13388:
13387:
13385:
13383:
13378:
13346:
13337:
13336:
13334:
13332:
13304:
13298:
13297:
13289:
13279:
13266:
13265:
13263:
13261:
13256:. pp. 50–51
13245:
13239:
13238:
13236:
13234:
13186:
13180:
13179:
13177:
13175:
13156:
13150:
13146:
13144:
13142:
13113:
13103:
13093:
13068:
13055:
13049:
13048:
13046:
13044:
13025:
13019:
13016:
13010:
13009:
12998:
12992:
12991:
12989:
12987:
12967:
12961:
12960:
12958:
12956:
12936:
12927:
12926:
12924:
12922:
12904:
12898:
12897:
12895:
12893:
12874:
12868:
12867:
12849:
12843:
12842:
12840:
12838:
12819:
12813:
12812:
12804:
12789:
12783:
12772:
12766:
12760:
12754:
12751:
12745:
12742:
12736:
12735:
12711:
12705:
12704:
12692:
12686:
12683:
12666:
12665:
12645:
12639:
12638:
12608:
12602:
12601:
12599:
12597:
12578:
12572:
12571:
12543:
12532:
12531:
12529:
12527:
12479:
12473:
12472:
12454:
12448:
12447:
12419:
12413:
12412:
12380:
12374:
12373:
12371:
12369:
12341:
12332:
12331:
12329:
12327:
12294:(238): 191–210.
12279:
12273:
12272:
12264:
12258:
12257:
12249:
12240:
12239:
12231:
12229:
12227:
12208:
12200:
12187:
12186:
12184:
12182:
12156:
12132:
12126:
12125:
12123:
12121:
12115:
12098:
12087:
12081:
12080:
12078:
12076:
12055:
12049:
12048:
12030:
12024:
12023:
12021:
12019:
12000:
11994:
11993:
11975:
11969:
11968:
11966:
11964:
11924:
11918:
11917:
11889:
11883:
11882:
11862:
11856:
11855:
11853:
11833:
11827:
11823:
11803:
11797:
11796:
11794:
11792:
11773:
11767:
11766:
11764:
11762:
11738:
11732:
11731:
11713:
11707:
11706:
11704:
11702:
11674:
11668:
11658:
11652:
11645:
11639:
11638:
11622:
11616:
11615:
11597:
11591:
11590:
11580:
11559:
11558:
11526:
11520:
11519:
11517:
11515:
11494:
11488:
11487:
11451:
11436:
11435:
11416:
11407:
11397:
11388:
11385:
11379:
11378:
11376:
11374:
11354:
11348:
11345:
11334:
11333:
11331:
11329:
11323:
11306:
11295:
11289:
11282:
11276:
11275:
11273:
11271:
11252:
11246:
11245:
11243:
11241:
11193:
11187:
11186:
11154:
11148:
11135:
11129:
11128:
11126:
11124:
11109:
11103:
11102:
11074:
11035:
11028:
11019:
11018:
11008:
10997:
10996:
10980:
10974:
10973:
10971:
10969:
10945:
10934:
10933:
10931:
10929:
10889:
10870:
10869:
10853:
10842:
10835:
10829:
10828:
10816:
10810:
10809:
10799:
10767:
10750:
10749:
10723:
10717:
10716:
10700:
10683:
10652:
10646:
10645:
10643:
10641:
10619:
10603:
10598:
10592:
10589:
10583:
10580:Summa Theologiae
10572:
10566:
10558:
10552:
10541:
10535:
10531:
10525:
10518:
10512:
10508:
10502:
10499:
10493:
10492:
10463:
10457:
10447:
10441:
10430:modus procedendi
10426:
10420:
10412:
10406:
10401:
10395:
10392:
10386:
10382:
10376:
10369:
10363:
10362:
10333:
10327:
10324:
10318:
10315:
10309:
10308:
10306:
10304:
10298:
10281:
10269:
10263:
10248:
10242:
10238:
10232:
10225:
10219:
10200:
10194:
10193:
10172:
10166:
10140:
10134:
10133:
10131:
10129:
10123:
10116:
10108:Erasmus (1516).
10104:
10098:
10096:
10060:
10054:
10047:
10041:
10034:
10028:
10026:
10024:
10022:
9973:
9967:
9960:
9954:
9943:
9937:
9936:
9910:
9897:
9891:
9884:
9878:
9877:
9812:
9806:
9805:
9775:
9769:
9765:
9759:
9758:
9756:
9754:
9721:
9715:
9714:
9712:
9710:
9693:MacPhail, Eric.
9685:
9679:
9678:
9676:
9674:
9665:. Archived from
9657:
9651:
9648:
9642:
9630:Future cardinal
9628:
9622:
9585:
9579:
9573:
9567:
9561:
9555:
9546:
9540:
9534:
9528:
9525:
9519:
9512:
9506:
9503:
9497:
9496:
9455:
9449:
9446:
9437:
9436:
9434:
9432:
9382:
9376:
9372:
9366:
9354:
9348:
9342:
9336:
9293:
9287:
9261:
9259:
9257:
9203:
9197:
9196:
9183:
9177:
9171:
9165:
9163:
9149:De bello Turcico
9147:"...the goal of
9145:
9139:
9136:
9130:
9123:
9117:
9115:
9113:
9111:
9068:speaking at the
9062:
9056:
9053:
9047:
9044:
9038:
9037:nonfunctional."
9030:
9024:
9020:
9014:
9010:
9004:
9003:
8956:
8950:
8949:
8947:
8945:
8899:
8894:Erasmus (1523).
8890:
8883:
8877:
8858:
8852:
8851:
8849:
8847:
8826:
8820:
8797:de bello Turcico
8793:
8787:
8785:
8775:
8746:
8737:
8729:
8723:
8715:
8709:
8702:
8696:
8689:
8683:
8682:
8641:
8635:
8627:
8621:
8620:
8595:
8589:
8573:
8567:
8553:
8547:
8540:
8534:
8531:
8525:
8517:
8511:
8508:
8502:
8499:
8493:
8490:
8484:
8465:
8459:
8448:
8442:
8438:
8432:
8431:
8429:
8412:
8406:
8399:
8393:
8390:
8384:
8369:
8363:
8362:
8360:
8358:
8336:
8330:
8311:
8305:
8304:
8295:
8289:
8287:
8264:
8258:
8254:
8248:
8245:
8208:
8202:
8198:
8192:
8189:
8183:
8180:
8174:
8166:
8160:
8157:
8151:
8148:
8142:
8141:
8128:
8122:
8104:
8098:
8097:
8076:
8070:
8062:
8056:
8053:
8047:
8043:
8037:
8026:
8020:
8008:
7999:
7996:
7990:
7989:
7970:
7958:
7952:
7950:
7936:
7929:De Gulden Passer
7917:
7911:
7882:
7876:
7868:26 (1975), 403"
7849:
7843:
7823:
7817:
7810:
7804:
7803:
7801:
7799:
7778:
7772:
7765:
7759:
7757:
7731:
7725:
7722:
7606:Joseph Ratzinger
7412:
7310:
7270:
7201:
7200:Christophe Ocker
7183:
7090:Notable writings
7084:Dürer's portrait
7039:Works of Erasmus
7028:
6990:
6978:exegetical works
6960:
6876:
6794:, and with both
6694:
6672:
6609:
6579:
6536:
6514:
6359:
6314:
6295:
6206:
6170:
6093:Cardinal Cajetan
6026:
5979:
5918:Albrecht Dürer,
5810:
5803:
5796:
5779:
5778:
5777:
5767:
5766:
5156:John of Damascus
5064:
5063:
4894:Moderate realism
4802:Cardinal virtues
4774:
4773:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4733:
4726:
4725:
4722:Religious reform
4645:Adversus Judaeos
4626:Erasmus scholar
4583:on war with the
4557:
4502:. Erasmus wrote
4494:
4341:
4293:
4239:
4176:de bello Turcico
4060:domine fac finem
4035:in preparation (
3986:Stephen Gardiner
3967:Michael Servetus
3940:Richard Reynolds
3894:Giles of Viterbo
3822:Fates of friends
3750:Diet of Augsburg
3698:Louis de Berquin
3530:Sebastian Brandt
3442:Paulus Bombasius
3308:Nicolaas Baechem
3237:Privy Counsellor
3210:
3171:St Paul's School
3100:
3058:
2968:Domenico Grimani
2960:Ferry Carondelet
2948:Giles of Viterbo
2786:Richard Whitford
2778:Louis de Berquin
2753:several months.
2655:Richard Reynolds
2647:Richard Whitford
2589:English circle.
2425:
2424:
2403:
2402:
2396:
2395:
2373:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2342:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2297:Besançon, Basel
2290:
2289:
2282:
2281:
2273:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2225:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2190:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2152:
2151:
2144:
2143:
2135:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2120:
2119:
2112:
2111:
2090:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2047:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2005:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1977:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1921:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1885:
1884:
1877:
1876:
1868:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1826:
1825:
1818:
1817:
1809:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1779:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1752:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1723:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1696:
1695:
1676:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1643:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1616:
1615:
1603:
1602:
1586:
1378:
1371:
1364:
1361:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1337:
1330:
1327:
1320:
1317:
1310:
1307:
1300:
1297:
1224:Gentian Hervetus
1196:Hieronymus Emser
1135:religious orders
1047:'s-Hertogenbosch
1036:'s-Hertogenbosch
1018:
1006:Alexander Hegius
975:
810:. He also wrote
730:
725:
718:
714:
710:
705:
704:
701:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
675:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
560:Francis De Sales
510:Huldrych Zwingli
129:Other names
116:
94:
91:
70:
51:
50:
45:Works of Erasmus
21:
27280:
27279:
27275:
27274:
27273:
27271:
27270:
27269:
27180:Dutch satirists
27155:Dutch essayists
27150:Dutch educators
27050:
27049:
27048:
27043:
27031:
27023:
27004:Jean-Luc Marion
26942:
26893:Marcel Lefebvre
26818:Romano Guardini
26773:Joseph Maréchal
26751:
26742:Maurice Blondel
26637:Antonio Rosmini
26632:Luigi Taparelli
26610:
26536:Louis Thomassin
26511:Pierre Gassendi
26494:
26490:
26480:
26431:Teresa of Ávila
26369:
26365:
26356:
26342:Marsilio Ficino
26332:Thomas à Kempis
26322:Devotio Moderna
26295:Johannes Tauler
26290:Meister Eckhart
26260:Dante Alighieri
26235:
26201:Albertus Magnus
26092:
25999:
25945:John Chrysostom
25873:
25869:
25859:
25772:Clement of Rome
25753:
25691:
25682:
25677:
25647:
25642:
25632:
25630:
25618:
25610:
25571:Aristotelianism
25549:
25398:Dehellenization
25346:
25119:
25115:Foundationalism
25093:
25055:
25012:
24967:
24963:
24961:
24957:
24955:
24951:
24946:
24932:Social teaching
24878:
24873:
24843:
24838:
24825:
24751:Critical theory
24729:
24724:
24714:
24704:
24694:
24684:
24674:
24664:
24654:
24644:
24634:
24624:
24614:
24604:
24594:
24584:
24574:
24554:
24232:
24226:
24024:
24018:
23967:
23896:
23803:
23755:Budapest School
23743:
23532:Cosmopolitanism
23505:
23500:
23470:
23465:
23437:
23365:
23361:Alexander Pruss
23344:Jean-Luc Marion
23299:Alvin Plantinga
23294:Dewi Z Phillips
23281:
23279:
23273:
23244:Walter Kaufmann
23234:Frithjof Schuon
23207:Rudolf Bultmann
23164:
23158:
23154:Joseph Maréchal
23144:Pavel Florensky
23139:Sergei Bulgakov
23124:Ernst Troeltsch
23107:Harald Høffding
23084:
23078:
23049:William Whewell
23037:Georg W F Hegel
23032:Karl C F Krause
23019:
23013:
23009:Johann G Herder
22999:Baron d'Holbach
22949:Augustin Calmet
22935:
22851:
22839:
22838:
22835:
22827:
22785:Problem of evil
22779:
22775:Verificationism
22741:
22449:
22395:Atheist's Wager
22378:
22240:
22174:
22102:
22078:Problem of evil
22033:
22028:
21998:
21993:
21970:
21965:Luther Monument
21959:Luther Monument
21945:
21859:
21855:Wartburg Castle
21798:
21749:Johann Reuchlin
21682:
21641:Marian theology
21532:
21522:
21473:
21423:Large Catechism
21407:Small Catechism
21274:
21256:
21251:
21221:
21216:
21198:
21167:
21154:Textus Receptus
21134:
21125:
21018:
21005:
21000:
20970:
20958:
20946:
20936:
20934:
20926:
20912:
20870:
20858:
20822:(Latin Library)
20811:
20766:
20752:
20751:
20750:
20727:
20726:
20706:
20705:
20701:
20694:
20659:10.2307/1262226
20621:
20619:Primary sources
20591:Loyola y Erasmo
20568:
20563:
20525:. HarperCollins
20450:
20436:
20432:
20427:
20399:
20383:, pp. 219.
20339:Huizinga, Johan
20331:
20315:Halkin, Leon E.
20271:
20245:
20219:
20202:
20197:
20195:Further reading
20192:
20182:
20180:
20158:Erasmus Studies
20150:
20146:
20137:
20133:
20120:
20119:
20115:
20102:
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19867:
19863:
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19838:
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19809:
19798:
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19704:
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19689:
19678:
19669:
19665:
19627:
19623:
19618:
19609:
19602:
19598:
19585:
19584:
19580:
19549:
19545:
19510:
19506:
19461:
19457:
19450:
19429:
19428:
19424:
19400:
19396:
19365:10.2307/2860126
19345:
19341:
19298:
19294:
19259:
19255:
19246:
19242:
19199:
19195:
19185:
19183:
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18826:
18816:
18812:
18802:
18800:
18784:
18780:
18761:
18757:
18733:
18729:
18702:
18698:
18691:j.ctt1ggjhg1.15
18683:
18669:
18668:
18664:
18657:
18635:
18631:
18621:
18619:
18604:
18600:
18593:
18577:
18573:
18562:Ward, Timothy.
18560:
18556:
18529:Erasmus Studies
18525:
18521:
18511:
18509:
18474:
18467:
18444:
18431:
18408:
18404:
18385:
18374:
18351:10.2307/3031577
18331:
18327:
18320:
18295:
18291:
18283:Medieval Essays
18278:
18274:
18267:
18253:
18249:
18222:
18215:
18206:
18202:
18187:
18161:
18157:
18150:
18138:
18137:
18133:
18125:
18117:
18113:
18098:
18082:
18081:Letter to Dorp
18080:
18076:
18061:
18057:
18042:
18024:Erasmus Studies
18016:
18012:
17997:
17993:
17983:
17981:
17977:
17966:
17960:
17956:
17946:
17944:
17940:
17932:
17925:
17906:Erasmus Studies
17902:
17898:
17888:
17886:
17871:
17867:
17857:
17855:
17832:10.2307/2707442
17812:
17808:
17801:
17779:
17768:
17758:
17756:
17741:
17737:
17727:
17725:
17717:
17711:
17707:
17697:
17695:
17682:
17678:
17668:
17666:
17655:
17651:
17632:Erasmus Studies
17628:
17624:
17614:
17612:
17597:
17581:
17574:
17543:
17539:
17529:
17527:
17519:
17513:
17509:
17478:
17474:
17455:Erasmus Studies
17450:
17446:
17439:
17417:
17413:
17406:
17390:. p. 139.
17384:
17380:
17375:, p. 219, 1875.
17367:Wayback Machine
17356:
17352:
17342:
17340:
17313:
17309:
17302:
17286:
17277:
17270:
17248:
17244:
17233:
17229:
17212:
17208:
17196:
17192:
17185:
17169:
17165:
17161:Vol. 76, p. 203
17149:
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17132:
17128:
17119:
17115:
17105:
17103:
17093:
17089:
17081:
17073:
17069:
17059:
17057:
17042:
17038:
17018:
17011:
17004:
16988:
16987:
16983:
16960:
16956:
16935:Erasmus Studies
16927:
16923:
16913:
16911:
16898:
16897:
16893:
16888:
16884:
16874:
16872:
16841:10.2307/3162926
16821:
16817:
16808:
16801:
16770:10.2307/3163951
16750:
16746:
16741:
16737:
16722:
16718:
16699:
16695:
16676:
16672:
16662:
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16656:
16645:
16639:
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16624:
16620:
16613:
16599:
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16564:
16554:
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16519:
16506:
16499:
16477:
16473:
16464:
16463:
16459:
16444:
16426:Erasmus Studies
16422:
16418:
16387:
16383:
16367:
16366:
16359:
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16350:
16322:
16318:
16307:
16303:
16292:
16288:
16278:
16276:
16245:10.2307/2861633
16225:
16221:
16202:
16198:
16191:
16169:
16165:
16155:
16153:
16144:
16143:
16139:
16129:
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16111:
16106:Wayback Machine
16090:
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16053:
16047:
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16033:
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15999:
15980:
15976:
15966:
15964:
15957:Catholic Herald
15949:
15945:
15930:
15926:
15916:
15914:
15887:
15883:
15872:
15868:
15855:
15854:
15850:
15840:
15838:
15829:
15825:
15809:
15805:
15795:
15793:
15774:
15765:
15755:
15753:
15738:
15734:
15721:
15717:
15707:
15705:
15703:
15687:
15683:
15673:
15671:
15636:
15632:
15622:
15620:
15605:
15601:
15594:
15572:
15568:
15558:
15556:
15552:
15551:
15547:
15532:
15516:
15512:
15502:
15500:
15490:
15486:
15476:
15474:
15459:
15455:
15445:
15443:
15408:
15401:
15391:
15389:
15374:
15370:
15360:
15358:
15343:
15339:
15330:
15326:
15319:
15297:
15293:
15258:
15254:
15247:
15225:
15218:
15208:
15206:
15185:(64): 595–604.
15171:
15167:
15148:
15144:
15113:
15106:
15099:
15073:
15062:
15052:
15050:
15020:
15016:
14997:Erasmus Studies
14992:
14988:
14978:
14976:
14946:
14942:
14932:
14930:
14903:Erasmus Studies
14891:Truth and Irony
14888:
14881:
14874:
14860:
14856:
14833:
14829:
14819:
14817:
14782:
14778:
14768:
14766:
14747:
14743:
14737:
14723:
14719:
14696:10.2307/2540661
14674:
14667:
14662:
14658:
14635:
14628:
14618:
14616:
14603:
14602:
14598:
14579:
14575:
14560:
14556:
14546:
14544:
14531:
14530:
14526:
14516:
14514:
14493:
14489:
14482:
14460:
14453:
14442:
14435:
14425:
14423:
14410:
14403:
14396:1959.13/1397919
14382:
14375:
14365:
14363:
14328:Hispanic Review
14320:
14316:
14293:
14284:
14269:
14248:
14247:
14243:
14234:
14230:
14223:
14222:978-0297 815617
14207:
14203:
14188:
14167:
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14157:
14142:
14121:
14119:
14115:
14111:
14102:
14100:
14079:
14077:
14064:
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14049:
14025:
14021:
13986:
13975:
13965:
13963:
13948:
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13934:
13932:
13928:
13913:
13907:
13900:
13889:
13885:
13878:
13855:
13848:
13821:Erasmus Studies
13813:
13806:
13796:
13794:
13781:
13780:
13776:
13769:
13747:
13743:
13728:
13726:
13713:
13712:
13708:
13699:
13695:
13688:
13680:. p. 296.
13668:
13664:
13629:
13618:
13608:
13606:
13597:
13596:
13592:
13582:
13580:
13549:10.2307/2540011
13529:
13525:
13518:
13496:
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13472:
13471:
13467:
13457:
13455:
13453:
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13421:
13395:
13391:
13381:
13379:
13347:
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13330:
13328:
13305:
13301:
13280:
13269:
13259:
13257:
13246:
13242:
13232:
13230:
13187:
13183:
13173:
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13158:
13157:
13153:
13149:
13140:
13138:
13056:
13052:
13042:
13040:
13027:
13026:
13022:
13017:
13013:
12999:
12995:
12985:
12983:
12968:
12964:
12954:
12952:
12937:
12930:
12920:
12918:
12905:
12901:
12891:
12889:
12876:
12875:
12871:
12864:
12850:
12846:
12836:
12834:
12821:
12820:
12816:
12790:
12786:
12773:
12769:
12761:
12757:
12752:
12748:
12743:
12739:
12712:
12708:
12693:
12689:
12684:
12669:
12662:
12646:
12642:
12635:
12609:
12605:
12595:
12593:
12580:
12579:
12575:
12544:
12535:
12525:
12523:
12480:
12476:
12469:
12455:
12451:
12420:
12416:
12381:
12377:
12367:
12365:
12358:
12342:
12335:
12325:
12323:
12280:
12276:
12265:
12261:
12250:
12243:
12233:
12225:
12223:
12201:
12190:
12180:
12178:
12141:Erasmus Studies
12133:
12129:
12119:
12117:
12113:
12107:
12096:
12088:
12084:
12074:
12072:
12056:
12052:
12045:
12031:
12027:
12017:
12015:
12002:
12001:
11997:
11990:
11976:
11972:
11962:
11960:
11939:(25): 123–125.
11925:
11921:
11890:
11886:
11879:
11863:
11859:
11834:
11830:
11820:
11804:
11800:
11790:
11788:
11775:
11774:
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11758:
11739:
11735:
11728:
11714:
11710:
11700:
11698:
11691:
11675:
11671:
11659:
11655:
11646:
11642:
11623:
11619:
11612:
11598:
11594:
11581:
11562:
11527:
11523:
11513:
11511:
11502:Devotio Moderna
11495:
11491:
11468:10.2307/2859495
11452:
11439:
11433:
11417:
11410:
11398:
11391:
11386:
11382:
11372:
11370:
11355:
11351:
11346:
11337:
11327:
11325:
11321:
11315:
11307:. p. 174.
11304:
11296:
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11254:
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11249:
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11237:
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11075:
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10967:
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10946:
10937:
10927:
10925:
10890:
10873:
10854:
10845:
10836:
10832:
10817:
10813:
10776:Erasmus Studies
10768:
10753:
10746:
10724:
10720:
10701:
10686:
10681:Wayback Machine
10663:Wayback Machine
10653:
10649:
10639:
10637:
10623:Tracy, James D.
10620:
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10601:
10599:
10595:
10590:
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10427:
10423:
10413:
10409:
10404:
10402:
10398:
10393:
10389:
10383:
10379:
10370:
10366:
10334:
10330:
10325:
10321:
10316:
10312:
10302:
10300:
10296:
10290:
10279:
10270:
10266:
10249:
10245:
10239:
10235:
10226:
10222:
10201:
10197:
10173:
10169:
10141:
10137:
10127:
10125:
10121:
10114:
10105:
10101:
10061:
10057:
10048:
10044:
10035:
10031:
10020:
10018:
9995:10.2307/2707589
9974:
9970:
9961:
9957:
9944:
9940:
9933:
9898:
9894:
9885:
9881:
9813:
9809:
9798:
9776:
9772:
9766:
9762:
9752:
9750:
9722:
9718:
9708:
9706:
9691:
9688:
9686:
9682:
9672:
9670:
9658:
9654:
9649:
9645:
9629:
9625:
9603:sacrae litterae
9586:
9582:
9574:
9570:
9562:
9558:
9547:
9543:
9535:
9531:
9526:
9522:
9516:devotio moderna
9513:
9509:
9504:
9500:
9493:
9483:Wiley-Blackwell
9471:medieval church
9456:
9452:
9447:
9440:
9430:
9428:
9405:10.2307/2857071
9383:
9379:
9373:
9369:
9364:
9361:
9355:
9351:
9343:
9339:
9315:Reuchlin affair
9312:
9309:sceleratissimum
9294:
9290:
9276:Juan de Vergara
9264:Juan Luis Vives
9255:
9253:
9204:
9200:
9184:
9180:
9172:
9168:
9146:
9142:
9137:
9133:
9124:
9120:
9109:
9107:
9063:
9059:
9054:
9050:
9045:
9041:
9031:
9027:
9021:
9017:
9011:
9007:
8992:
8957:
8953:
8943:
8941:
8900:
8884:
8880:
8872:Judaizing. The
8859:
8855:
8845:
8843:
8830:
8829:'anti-semitic'.
8827:
8823:
8794:
8790:
8747:
8740:
8730:
8726:
8716:
8712:
8703:
8699:
8690:
8686:
8651:New Blackfriars
8642:
8638:
8628:
8624:
8596:
8592:
8574:
8570:
8554:
8550:
8541:
8537:
8532:
8528:
8518:
8514:
8509:
8505:
8500:
8496:
8491:
8487:
8466:
8462:
8449:
8445:
8439:
8435:
8427:
8423:
8413:
8409:
8400:
8396:
8391:
8387:
8381:Robert Estienne
8377:Sebastian Brant
8370:
8366:
8356:
8354:
8337:
8333:
8312:
8308:
8296:
8292:
8265:
8261:
8255:
8251:
8209:
8205:
8199:
8195:
8190:
8186:
8181:
8177:
8167:
8163:
8158:
8154:
8149:
8145:
8129:
8125:
8115:Wayback Machine
8105:
8101:
8077:
8073:
8063:
8059:
8054:
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8027:
8023:
8009:
8002:
7997:
7993:
7987:
7959:
7955:
7937:
7920:
7918:
7914:
7909:
7900:
7883:
7879:
7873:devotio moderna
7869:
7850:
7846:
7840:devotio moderna
7824:
7820:
7811:
7807:
7797:
7795:
7779:
7775:
7766:
7762:
7732:
7728:
7723:
7719:
7714:
7705:
7698:, New York, US.
7673:Queens' College
7613:Erasmus Studies
7552:
7468:
7434:
7432:Representations
7339:
7258:
7216:
7211:
7202:
7199:
7184:
7178:
7159:
7153:
7124:Textus Receptus
7098:
7092:
7047:
7041:
7035:
7029:
7022:
6991:
6988:
6961:
6958:
6946:
6919:
6877:
6867:
6832:
6812:
6724:
6701:
6695:
6689:
6673:
6667:
6622:
6610:
6603:
6593:Aristoteleanism
6580:
6577:
6562:
6537:
6534:
6515:
6512:
6450:
6429:
6413:Albrecht Duerer
6366:
6360:
6355:
6349:
6346:
6321:
6315:
6309:
6296:
6290:
6225:
6219:
6213:
6207:
6204:
6124:
6105:
6027:
6021:
5995:
5980:
5973:
5934:edition of the
5912:
5907:
5905:Catholic reform
5871:sacramentarians
5855:
5823:
5821:Personal reform
5814:
5785:
5775:
5773:
5761:
5753:
5752:
5747:
5746:
5745:
5580:
5572:
5571:
5570:
5390:
5382:
5381:
5380:
5200:
5192:
5191:
5190:
5070:
5061:
5051:
5050:
4958:
4950:
4949:
4879:
4869:
4868:
4842:Social teaching
4797:
4787:
4771:
4767:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4724:
4715:
4699:
4654:Reuchlin affair
4640:John Chrysostom
4622:Juan Luis Vives
4616:
4577:
4564:
4558:
4551:
4495:
4492:
4451:Church teaching
4425:
4394:Beatus Rhenanus
4364:Just War theory
4317:
4311:
4294:
4291:
4240:
4237:
4217:
4142:
4118:
4106:
4052:Beatus Rhenanus
4010:
3990:Tower of London
3963:William Tyndale
3948:first biography
3938:and Brigittine
3859:Juan de Vergara
3824:
3763:the Whale House
3755:deus ex machina
3753:appears like a
3710:
3627:Beatus Rhenanus
3568:
3567:
3566:
3553:
3544:
3534:Wolfgang Capito
3510:Beatus Rhenanus
3502:Johannes Froben
3498:
3492:
3455:, showing King
3381:Richard Sampson
3346:Johann Reuchlin
3322:
3321:
3320:
3311:
3289:
3287:Richard Sampson
3251:
3245:
3208:
3205:Queens' College
3188:'s chancellor,
3148:Sir Thomas More
3126:
3046:Sacra Theologia
3010:
3009:
3008:
2983:
2970:
2956:Germain de Brie
2912:
2906:
2870:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2811:
2805:
2765:
2759:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2661:
2659:Polydore Vergil
2619:Juan Luis Vives
2591:
2585:
2573:Aristotelianism
2539:
2509:), networking (
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2426:
2415:
2404:
2397:
2385:
2374:
2367:
2355:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2304:
2292:
2291:
2284:
2283:
2274:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2191:
2184:
2177:
2166:
2154:
2153:
2146:
2145:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2121:
2114:
2113:
2096:Liège, Cologne
2091:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2059:
2048:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2006:
1999:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1887:
1886:
1879:
1878:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1828:
1827:
1820:
1819:
1810:
1803:
1792:
1780:
1773:
1753:
1746:
1735:
1724:
1717:
1697:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1644:
1637:
1617:
1593:
1592:
1584:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1564:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1184:Jacopo Sadoleto
1172:Juan de Vergara
1168:
1151:fervidos amores
1132:
1114:Chapter of Sion
1086:
1059:Devotio moderna
966:unwed parents.
924:
889:
887:Life and career
861:Catholic Church
780:Catholic priest
745:Catholic priest
723:
716:
712:
708:
676:
641:
637:
610:Catholic Church
574:
530:Wolfgang Capito
520:William Tyndale
483:
467:just war theory
436:
410:Julius Excluded
376:
325:
299:
268:
199:
124:
118:
114:
105:
95:
92:
81:
61:
58:
47:
41:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
27278:
27268:
27267:
27262:
27257:
27252:
27247:
27242:
27237:
27232:
27227:
27222:
27217:
27215:Paremiologists
27212:
27207:
27202:
27197:
27192:
27187:
27182:
27177:
27172:
27167:
27162:
27157:
27152:
27147:
27142:
27137:
27132:
27127:
27122:
27117:
27112:
27107:
27102:
27097:
27092:
27087:
27082:
27077:
27072:
27067:
27062:
27045:
27044:
27042:
27041:
27028:
27025:
27024:
27022:
27021:
27016:
27011:
27006:
27001:
26996:
26991:
26986:
26981:
26976:
26971:
26966:
26961:
26956:
26950:
26948:
26944:
26943:
26941:
26940:
26935:
26930:
26925:
26920:
26915:
26910:
26905:
26900:
26895:
26890:
26885:
26880:
26875:
26870:
26865:
26860:
26855:
26850:
26845:
26840:
26835:
26833:Henri de Lubac
26830:
26825:
26820:
26815:
26810:
26808:Gabriel Marcel
26805:
26800:
26795:
26790:
26788:Étienne Gilson
26785:
26780:
26775:
26770:
26765:
26759:
26757:
26753:
26752:
26750:
26749:
26744:
26739:
26737:George Tyrrell
26734:
26729:
26724:
26719:
26714:
26709:
26704:
26699:
26697:Émile Boutroux
26694:
26689:
26684:
26679:
26677:Giuseppe Pecci
26674:
26669:
26664:
26659:
26654:
26649:
26644:
26639:
26634:
26629:
26624:
26618:
26616:
26612:
26611:
26609:
26608:
26603:
26598:
26593:
26588:
26583:
26578:
26573:
26568:
26563:
26558:
26548:
26543:
26538:
26533:
26528:
26526:António Vieira
26523:
26518:
26516:René Descartes
26513:
26508:
26503:
26497:
26495:
26487:Baroque period
26485:
26482:
26481:
26479:
26478:
26473:
26468:
26463:
26458:
26451:Luis de Molina
26448:
26446:Peter Canisius
26443:
26438:
26433:
26428:
26426:Francis Xavier
26423:
26418:
26413:
26408:
26403:
26398:
26393:
26388:
26383:
26381:Thomas Cajetan
26378:
26372:
26370:
26361:
26358:
26357:
26355:
26354:
26349:
26344:
26339:
26334:
26329:
26324:
26319:
26314:
26312:Heinrich Seuse
26309:
26302:
26297:
26292:
26287:
26282:
26277:
26272:
26267:
26262:
26257:
26252:
26246:
26244:
26237:
26236:
26234:
26233:
26228:
26223:
26218:
26216:Thomas Aquinas
26213:
26211:Henry of Ghent
26208:
26203:
26198:
26193:
26188:
26183:
26178:
26173:
26168:
26163:
26158:
26156:Anselm of Laon
26153:
26148:
26143:
26138:
26133:
26128:
26123:
26118:
26113:
26108:
26102:
26100:
26094:
26093:
26091:
26090:
26085:
26080:
26078:Rabanus Maurus
26075:
26070:
26065:
26060:
26055:
26050:
26045:
26040:
26035:
26030:
26025:
26020:
26015:
26009:
26007:
26001:
26000:
25998:
25997:
25995:Pope Gregory I
25992:
25987:
25982:
25977:
25972:
25967:
25962:
25957:
25952:
25947:
25942:
25937:
25932:
25927:
25922:
25917:
25912:
25907:
25902:
25897:
25892:
25887:
25882:
25876:
25874:
25871:Pope Gregory I
25864:
25861:
25860:
25858:
25857:
25852:
25847:
25842:
25837:
25832:
25827:
25820:
25815:
25810:
25803:
25796:
25791:
25786:
25779:
25774:
25769:
25763:
25761:
25755:
25754:
25752:
25751:
25746:
25745:
25744:
25742:Biblical canon
25739:
25732:Catholic Bible
25729:
25724:
25723:
25722:
25712:
25711:
25710:
25699:
25697:
25693:
25692:
25687:
25684:
25683:
25676:
25675:
25668:
25661:
25653:
25644:
25643:
25641:
25640:
25628:
25615:
25612:
25611:
25609:
25608:
25603:
25598:
25593:
25588:
25583:
25578:
25573:
25568:
25563:
25557:
25555:
25551:
25550:
25548:
25547:
25542:
25537:
25532:
25531:
25530:
25525:
25515:
25510:
25505:
25500:
25495:
25490:
25485:
25480:
25475:
25473:Pascal's wager
25470:
25465:
25460:
25455:
25450:
25445:
25440:
25435:
25433:Guardian angel
25430:
25425:
25420:
25415:
25410:
25405:
25400:
25395:
25390:
25385:
25380:
25375:
25370:
25365:
25360:
25354:
25352:
25348:
25347:
25345:
25344:
25339:
25334:
25329:
25324:
25319:
25314:
25309:
25304:
25299:
25294:
25289:
25284:
25279:
25274:
25269:
25264:
25259:
25254:
25249:
25244:
25239:
25234:
25229:
25224:
25219:
25214:
25209:
25204:
25199:
25194:
25189:
25184:
25179:
25174:
25169:
25164:
25159:
25154:
25149:
25144:
25139:
25133:
25131:
25125:
25124:
25121:
25120:
25118:
25117:
25112:
25107:
25101:
25099:
25095:
25094:
25092:
25091:
25086:
25081:
25076:
25071:
25065:
25063:
25057:
25056:
25054:
25053:
25048:
25043:
25038:
25033:
25028:
25022:
25020:
25014:
25013:
25011:
25010:
25005:
25000:
24995:
24990:
24988:Augustinianism
24984:
24982:
24973:
24969:
24968:
24949:
24947:
24945:
24944:
24939:
24934:
24929:
24924:
24919:
24914:
24909:
24904:
24899:
24897:Divine command
24894:
24888:
24886:
24880:
24879:
24872:
24871:
24864:
24857:
24849:
24840:
24839:
24837:
24836:
24830:
24827:
24826:
24824:
24823:
24818:
24813:
24811:Social science
24808:
24803:
24798:
24793:
24788:
24783:
24778:
24773:
24768:
24763:
24758:
24753:
24748:
24743:
24737:
24735:
24731:
24730:
24728:
24727:
24717:
24707:
24701:Gender Trouble
24697:
24687:
24677:
24667:
24657:
24647:
24637:
24631:The Second Sex
24627:
24617:
24607:
24597:
24587:
24577:
24566:
24564:
24560:
24559:
24556:
24555:
24553:
24552:
24547:
24542:
24537:
24532:
24527:
24522:
24517:
24512:
24507:
24502:
24497:
24492:
24487:
24482:
24477:
24472:
24467:
24462:
24457:
24452:
24447:
24442:
24437:
24432:
24427:
24422:
24417:
24412:
24407:
24402:
24397:
24392:
24387:
24382:
24377:
24372:
24367:
24362:
24357:
24352:
24347:
24342:
24337:
24332:
24327:
24322:
24317:
24312:
24307:
24302:
24297:
24292:
24287:
24282:
24277:
24272:
24267:
24262:
24257:
24252:
24247:
24242:
24236:
24234:
24228:
24227:
24225:
24224:
24219:
24214:
24209:
24204:
24199:
24194:
24189:
24184:
24179:
24174:
24169:
24164:
24159:
24154:
24149:
24144:
24139:
24134:
24129:
24124:
24119:
24114:
24109:
24104:
24099:
24094:
24089:
24084:
24079:
24074:
24069:
24064:
24059:
24054:
24049:
24044:
24039:
24034:
24028:
24026:
24020:
24019:
24017:
24016:
24011:
24006:
24001:
23996:
23991:
23986:
23981:
23975:
23973:
23969:
23968:
23966:
23965:
23960:
23955:
23950:
23945:
23940:
23935:
23930:
23925:
23920:
23915:
23910:
23904:
23902:
23898:
23897:
23895:
23894:
23889:
23884:
23879:
23874:
23869:
23864:
23859:
23854:
23849:
23844:
23839:
23834:
23829:
23824:
23818:
23816:
23809:
23805:
23804:
23802:
23801:
23796:
23791:
23790:
23789:
23779:
23774:
23769:
23768:
23767:
23757:
23751:
23749:
23745:
23744:
23742:
23741:
23736:
23727:
23726:
23725:
23715:
23710:
23705:
23700:
23695:
23690:
23681:
23676:
23667:
23662:
23657:
23652:
23647:
23646:
23645:
23635:
23630:
23625:
23623:Invisible hand
23620:
23615:
23610:
23609:
23608:
23598:
23593:
23588:
23583:
23578:
23577:
23576:
23566:
23565:
23564:
23559:
23554:
23544:
23539:
23534:
23529:
23524:
23519:
23513:
23511:
23507:
23506:
23499:
23498:
23491:
23484:
23476:
23467:
23466:
23464:
23463:
23453:
23442:
23439:
23438:
23436:
23435:
23428:
23423:
23418:
23413:
23408:
23403:
23398:
23393:
23388:
23383:
23377:
23375:
23374:Related topics
23371:
23370:
23367:
23366:
23364:
23363:
23357:
23356:
23351:
23346:
23341:
23336:
23334:Daniel Dennett
23331:
23326:
23324:Ravi Zacharias
23321:
23316:
23311:
23306:
23301:
23296:
23291:
23289:William L Rowe
23285:
23283:
23275:
23274:
23272:
23271:
23266:
23264:William Alston
23261:
23256:
23251:
23246:
23241:
23236:
23231:
23226:
23220:
23219:
23214:
23212:Gabriel Marcel
23209:
23204:
23199:
23194:
23189:
23184:
23179:
23174:
23168:
23166:
23160:
23159:
23157:
23156:
23151:
23149:Ernst Cassirer
23146:
23141:
23136:
23131:
23126:
23121:
23115:
23114:
23109:
23104:
23099:
23094:
23088:
23086:
23080:
23079:
23077:
23076:
23071:
23066:
23061:
23056:
23051:
23046:
23044:Thomas Carlyle
23040:
23039:
23034:
23029:
23023:
23021:
23015:
23014:
23012:
23011:
23006:
23001:
22996:
22991:
22986:
22981:
22976:
22971:
22969:Baruch Spinoza
22966:
22961:
22956:
22954:René Descartes
22951:
22945:
22943:
22937:
22936:
22934:
22933:
22928:
22926:Thomas Aquinas
22923:
22918:
22913:
22908:
22903:
22898:
22893:
22888:
22883:
22878:
22873:
22868:
22863:
22857:
22855:
22841:
22832:
22829:
22828:
22826:
22825:
22820:
22815:
22810:
22805:
22800:
22795:
22789:
22787:
22781:
22780:
22778:
22777:
22772:
22767:
22762:
22757:
22751:
22749:
22743:
22742:
22740:
22739:
22732:
22727:
22722:
22717:
22712:
22707:
22702:
22697:
22695:Possibilianism
22692:
22687:
22682:
22677:
22672:
22667:
22662:
22657:
22652:
22651:
22650:
22645:
22640:
22630:
22625:
22620:
22615:
22610:
22605:
22604:
22603:
22598:
22593:
22583:
22578:
22573:
22571:Fundamentalism
22568:
22563:
22562:
22561:
22556:
22546:
22545:
22544:
22539:
22532:Existentialism
22529:
22524:
22519:
22514:
22509:
22504:
22499:
22494:
22489:
22484:
22479:
22474:
22469:
22463:
22461:
22455:
22454:
22451:
22450:
22448:
22447:
22442:
22437:
22432:
22427:
22425:Noncognitivism
22422:
22417:
22412:
22407:
22402:
22397:
22392:
22386:
22384:
22380:
22379:
22377:
22376:
22374:Transcendental
22371:
22370:
22369:
22364:
22354:
22349:
22344:
22342:Pascal's wager
22339:
22334:
22329:
22324:
22319:
22314:
22309:
22304:
22299:
22294:
22293:
22292:
22287:
22277:
22272:
22270:Christological
22267:
22261:
22259:
22252:
22246:
22245:
22242:
22241:
22239:
22238:
22233:
22228:
22223:
22218:
22213:
22208:
22203:
22198:
22193:
22188:
22182:
22180:
22176:
22175:
22173:
22172:
22167:
22162:
22157:
22152:
22147:
22142:
22137:
22132:
22127:
22122:
22116:
22110:
22104:
22103:
22101:
22100:
22095:
22090:
22085:
22080:
22075:
22070:
22065:
22064:
22063:
22052:
22047:
22041:
22039:
22035:
22034:
22027:
22026:
22019:
22012:
22004:
21995:
21994:
21992:
21991:
21984:
21978:
21976:
21972:
21971:
21969:
21968:
21962:
21955:
21953:
21947:
21946:
21944:
21943:
21935:
21927:
21919:
21911:
21903:
21895:
21887:
21879:
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21684:
21683:
21681:
21680:
21678:(1537 edition)
21672:
21667:
21662:
21661:
21660:
21655:
21645:
21644:
21643:
21638:
21636:Law and Gospel
21633:
21627:
21622:
21619:Sola scriptura
21615:
21608:
21603:
21593:
21591:Luther's canon
21588:
21583:
21578:
21570:
21565:
21561:Exsurge Domine
21557:
21552:
21547:
21542:
21536:
21534:
21528:
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21524:
21523:
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21466:
21457:
21449:
21441:
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21427:
21419:
21411:
21403:
21395:
21387:
21383:Deutsche Messe
21379:
21371:
21363:
21355:
21351:Formula missae
21347:
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21323:
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21172:Related topics
21169:
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21126:
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21107:
21099:
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21083:
21075:
21067:
21059:
21051:
21043:
21035:
21026:
21024:
21023:Original works
21020:
21019:
21017:
21016:
21010:
21007:
21006:
20999:
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20991:
20984:
20976:
20969:
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20956:
20944:
20924:
20923:
20906:
20892:
20874:
20857:
20854:
20853:
20852:
20843:
20833:
20823:
20817:
20810:
20807:
20806:
20805:
20796:
20787:
20778:
20764:
20758:entry in the
20749:
20748:
20743:
20738:
20732:
20728:
20725:
20724:
20719:
20714:
20708:
20707:
20696:
20695:
20693:
20692:External links
20690:
20689:
20688:
20653:(1): 246–251.
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20478:
20471:
20466:, Ron (2017).
20461:
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20448:
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20431:
20428:
20426:
20425:
20415:
20403:
20397:
20384:
20375:
20363:
20362:
20361:
20353:, and also in
20335:
20329:
20311:
20297:
20275:
20269:
20256:
20249:
20243:
20230:
20229:Reaktion Books
20223:
20217:
20203:
20201:
20198:
20196:
20193:
20191:
20190:
20164:(1): 122–139.
20144:
20131:
20113:
20095:
20081:
20056:
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20020:
20002:
19984:
19966:
19947:
19922:
19896:
19870:
19861:
19836:
19819:
19791:
19762:10.2307/750613
19733:
19702:
19687:
19667:
19664:
19663:
19650:
19628:
19621:
19607:
19596:
19578:
19559:(6): 803–805.
19543:
19504:
19475:(7): 517–521.
19455:
19448:
19422:
19417:10.1086/670414
19411:(1): 180–181.
19394:
19359:(2): 161–172.
19339:
19312:(4): 526–544.
19292:
19273:(2): 113–154.
19253:
19240:
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19143:
19120:
19101:(3): 484–506.
19085:
19078:
19052:
19013:(4): 595–635.
18993:
18980:
18946:
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18890:
18859:
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18778:
18755:
18727:
18716:(3): 268–284.
18696:
18681:
18662:
18655:
18629:
18598:
18591:
18571:
18554:
18535:(1): 107–113.
18519:
18488:(3): 377–403.
18465:
18429:
18402:
18372:
18345:(4): 411–430.
18325:
18318:
18289:
18272:
18265:
18247:
18230:UC Law Journal
18213:
18200:
18195:j.ctt19rmcgd.7
18185:
18155:
18148:
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18111:
18096:
18074:
18055:
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18010:
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17954:
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17896:
17865:
17806:
17799:
17766:
17735:
17705:
17676:
17649:
17638:(2): 113–136.
17622:
17595:
17572:
17537:
17507:
17488:(2): 109–125.
17472:
17461:(2): 229–231.
17444:
17437:
17411:
17404:
17378:
17350:
17307:
17300:
17275:
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17227:
17206:
17190:
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17113:
17087:
17067:
17036:
17009:
17002:
16981:
16954:
16921:
16891:
16882:
16835:(4): 459–469.
16829:Church History
16815:
16799:
16764:(2): 183–200.
16758:Church History
16744:
16735:
16716:
16693:
16670:
16633:
16618:
16611:
16593:
16562:
16543:
16504:
16497:
16471:
16457:
16442:
16416:
16397:(4): 694–696.
16381:
16348:
16316:
16301:
16286:
16239:(2): 304–308.
16219:
16196:
16189:
16163:
16137:
16109:
16064:(1): 113–136.
16041:
16022:
15997:
15974:
15943:
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15881:
15866:
15848:
15823:
15803:
15763:
15732:
15715:
15701:
15681:
15630:
15599:
15592:
15566:
15545:
15540:j.ctv9b2ww5.11
15530:
15524:. 1517 Media.
15510:
15484:
15453:
15399:
15368:
15337:
15324:
15317:
15291:
15252:
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15216:
15165:
15142:
15123:(7): 320–329.
15104:
15097:
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14340:10.2307/470220
14334:(2): 243–251.
14314:
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14019:
14000:(5): 556–568.
13973:
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12928:
12899:
12869:
12863:978-1442648784
12862:
12844:
12814:
12793:Pattison, Mark
12784:
12767:
12755:
12746:
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12706:
12687:
12667:
12660:
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12603:
12573:
12554:(1): 141–148.
12533:
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12449:
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12395:(7): 517–526.
12375:
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12147:(2): 200–229.
12127:
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11489:
11462:(4): 437–443.
11437:
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11349:
11335:
11313:
11290:
11284:Peter Nissen:
11277:
11247:
11208:(3): 332–349.
11188:
11149:
11130:
11104:
11097:
11036:
11020:
10998:
10975:
10935:
10871:
10843:
10830:
10823:(in Italian).
10811:
10782:(2): 184–216.
10751:
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10647:
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10608:
10605:
10604:
10593:
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10553:
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10503:
10494:
10469:Theology Today
10458:
10442:
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10407:
10396:
10387:
10377:
10364:
10328:
10319:
10310:
10288:
10264:
10243:
10233:
10229:scopus christi
10220:
10195:
10167:
10135:
10099:
10073:Theology Today
10055:
10042:
10029:
9989:(4): 387–411.
9968:
9955:
9938:
9931:
9892:
9879:
9820:Thomas Aquinas
9807:
9800:. p. 92:
9796:
9770:
9760:
9716:
9680:
9652:
9643:
9623:
9595:sound learning
9580:
9568:
9556:
9541:
9529:
9520:
9507:
9498:
9491:
9485:. p. 60.
9450:
9438:
9377:
9367:
9349:
9337:
9311:) Christian."
9288:
9224:(2): 113–154.
9198:
9178:
9166:
9140:
9131:
9118:
9057:
9048:
9039:
9025:
9015:
9005:
8990:
8951:
8928:(4): 547–556.
8878:
8853:
8821:
8788:
8738:
8724:
8710:
8697:
8684:
8636:
8632:State of Grace
8622:
8590:
8578:Johan Huizinga
8568:
8548:
8535:
8526:
8512:
8503:
8494:
8485:
8460:
8443:
8433:
8407:
8403:Thomas Cajetan
8394:
8385:
8364:
8331:
8306:
8290:
8259:
8249:
8203:
8193:
8184:
8175:
8161:
8152:
8143:
8123:
8099:
8071:
8057:
8048:
8038:
8034:Pope Damasus I
8021:
8012:Andrea Ammonio
8000:
7991:
7985:
7953:
7912:
7877:
7844:
7818:
7805:
7773:
7760:
7740:, given after
7738:baptismal name
7726:
7716:
7715:
7713:
7710:
7704:
7701:
7700:
7699:
7680:
7670:
7667:Erasmus Bridge
7663:
7644:
7637:
7636:
7635:
7629:
7616:
7609:
7602:
7591:
7590:
7589:
7586:Erasmus Mundus
7582:
7575:
7565:European Union
7551:
7548:
7547:
7546:
7530:
7527:
7524:
7508:
7505:Quentin Matsys
7502:
7486:Albrecht Dürer
7483:
7480:William Warham
7442:Albrecht Dürer
7433:
7430:
7375:Quentin Matsys
7338:
7335:
7257:
7254:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7197:
7176:
7155:Main article:
7152:
7149:
7120:Church Fathers
7112:
7111:
7107:
7106:
7094:Main article:
7091:
7088:
7037:Main article:
7034:
7031:
7020:
6986:
6970:biblical texts
6956:
6945:
6942:
6918:
6915:
6865:
6831:
6830:Scopus christi
6828:
6811:
6808:
6800:Pope Adrian VI
6723:
6720:
6709:scopus christi
6700:
6697:
6687:
6665:
6621:
6616:
6601:
6575:
6561:
6558:
6532:
6510:
6449:
6446:
6428:
6425:
6421:Peter Canisius
6405:
6404:
6395:
6386:
6365:
6362:
6353:
6320:
6317:
6307:
6288:
6215:Main article:
6212:
6209:
6205:"On Free Will"
6202:
6167:bonae litterae
6123:
6120:
6104:
6101:
6019:
5994:
5991:
5971:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5854:
5851:
5822:
5819:
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5815:
5813:
5812:
5805:
5798:
5790:
5787:
5786:
5784:
5783:
5771:
5758:
5755:
5754:
5749:
5748:
5744:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5582:
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5578:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5569:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5392:
5391:
5388:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5379:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5202:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5194:
5193:
5189:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5072:
5071:
5068:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5056:
5053:
5052:
5049:
5048:
5047:
5046:
5041:
5031:
5026:
5025:
5024:
5019:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4993:
4992:
4990:Friends of God
4982:
4977:
4972:
4971:
4970:
4963:Augustinianism
4959:
4956:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4948:
4947:
4942:
4941:
4940:
4935:
4928:Predestination
4925:
4920:
4915:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4880:
4875:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4867:
4866:
4864:Works of mercy
4861:
4856:
4851:
4850:
4849:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4798:
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4775:
4751:
4750:
4744:
4743:
4735:
4734:
4723:
4720:
4714:
4711:
4698:
4695:
4628:Shimon Markish
4615:
4612:
4601:half-Christian
4589:Western Europe
4585:Ottoman Empire
4576:
4573:
4563:
4560:
4549:
4490:
4424:
4421:
4356:correspondence
4310:
4307:
4289:
4251:and religious
4235:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4211:
4210:
4209:
4196:
4180:
4179:
4172:
4157:
4156:
4152:
4149:
4141:
4138:
4117:
4114:
4110:Johan Huizinga
4105:
4102:
4009:
4008:Death in Basel
4006:
3971:Juan de Valdés
3921:William Blount
3869:and published
3831:William Warham
3823:
3820:
3767:Damião de Góis
3739:Damião de Góis
3709:
3706:
3672:Pope Adrian VI
3659:Pope Adrian VI
3538:Damião de Góis
3526:Simon Grynaeus
3500:
3499:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3481:William Warham
3473:Guillaume Budé
3356:Quinten Matsys
3271:Albrecht Dürer
3253:
3252:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3213:Thomas Linacre
3160:Andrea Ammonio
3138:City of London
3125:
3122:
3106:Giulio Camillo
3091:Aldus Manutius
3061:Pope Julius II
3019:His discovery
2944:Janus Lascaris
2940:Marcus Musurus
2920:Giulio Camillo
2916:Aldus Manutius
2914:
2913:
2910:Italian circle
2908:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2869:
2866:
2790:Guillaume Budé
2767:
2766:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2721:church fathers
2672:William Warham
2668:William Blount
2643:Robert Aldrich
2615:Andrea Ammonio
2607:William Grocyn
2603:Thomas Linacre
2593:
2592:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2538:
2535:
2465:
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2247:
2240:
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2220:
2213:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2147:
2139:
2138:
2137:
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2123:
2115:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
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2085:
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2071:
2064:
2062:
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2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2028:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1972:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1900:
1898:
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1893:
1890:
1888:
1880:
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1870:
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1856:
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1664:
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1599:
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1573:
1568:
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1562:
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1556:
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1530:
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1517:
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1515:
1513:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1375:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1358:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1334:
1333:
1324:
1323:
1314:
1313:
1304:
1303:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1262:Pope Julius II
1208:Juan de Valdés
1192:Andrea Ammonio
1176:Guillaume Budé
1170:
1169:
1164:
1163:
1085:
1082:
1040:Damião de Gois
923:
920:
919:
918:
903:
899:
896:
888:
885:
800:Church Fathers
763:. Through his
753:educationalist
739:, was a Dutch
629:
628:
625:
624:
621:
620:
617:
613:
612:
607:
603:
602:
597:
593:
592:
588:
587:
584:
583:
580:
579:
576:
575:
573:
572:
570:Henri de Lubac
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
535:Damião de Góis
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
491:
489:
485:
484:
482:
481:
474:
469:
463:
458:
450:
444:
442:
438:
437:
435:
434:
427:
420:
413:
406:
399:
392:
384:
382:
378:
377:
375:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
337:Bonae litterae
333:
331:
330:Main interests
327:
326:
324:
323:
318:
313:
307:
305:
301:
300:
298:
297:
291:
289:
285:
284:
279:
275:
274:
270:
269:
267:
266:
264:Thomas Aquinas
261:
256:
251:
246:
244:Aldus Manutius
241:
236:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
207:
205:
201:
200:
198:
197:
187:
182:
176:
174:
170:
169:
165:
164:
161:
160:
155:Counsellor to
153:
149:
148:
138:
137:Known for
134:
133:
130:
126:
125:
119:
117:(aged 69)
111:
107:
106:
96:
87:
83:
82:
71:
63:
62:
59:
54:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
27277:
27266:
27263:
27261:
27258:
27256:
27253:
27251:
27248:
27246:
27243:
27241:
27238:
27236:
27233:
27231:
27228:
27226:
27223:
27221:
27218:
27216:
27213:
27211:
27208:
27206:
27203:
27201:
27198:
27196:
27193:
27191:
27188:
27186:
27183:
27181:
27178:
27176:
27173:
27171:
27168:
27166:
27163:
27161:
27158:
27156:
27153:
27151:
27148:
27146:
27143:
27141:
27138:
27136:
27133:
27131:
27128:
27126:
27123:
27121:
27118:
27116:
27113:
27111:
27108:
27106:
27103:
27101:
27098:
27096:
27093:
27091:
27088:
27086:
27083:
27081:
27078:
27076:
27073:
27071:
27068:
27066:
27063:
27061:
27058:
27057:
27055:
27040:
27035:
27030:
27029:
27026:
27020:
27017:
27015:
27014:Aidan Nichols
27012:
27010:
27007:
27005:
27002:
27000:
26997:
26995:
26994:Michał Heller
26992:
26990:
26987:
26985:
26984:Walter Kasper
26982:
26980:
26977:
26975:
26972:
26970:
26967:
26965:
26962:
26960:
26957:
26955:
26952:
26951:
26949:
26945:
26939:
26936:
26934:
26931:
26929:
26926:
26924:
26921:
26919:
26916:
26914:
26913:Thomas Merton
26911:
26909:
26906:
26904:
26901:
26899:
26896:
26894:
26891:
26889:
26886:
26884:
26883:Jean Daniélou
26881:
26879:
26876:
26874:
26871:
26869:
26866:
26864:
26861:
26859:
26856:
26854:
26851:
26849:
26846:
26844:
26841:
26839:
26836:
26834:
26831:
26829:
26826:
26824:
26821:
26819:
26816:
26814:
26811:
26809:
26806:
26804:
26801:
26799:
26796:
26794:
26791:
26789:
26786:
26784:
26781:
26779:
26776:
26774:
26771:
26769:
26766:
26764:
26761:
26760:
26758:
26754:
26748:
26745:
26743:
26740:
26738:
26735:
26733:
26730:
26728:
26725:
26723:
26720:
26718:
26715:
26713:
26710:
26708:
26705:
26703:
26700:
26698:
26695:
26693:
26690:
26688:
26685:
26683:
26680:
26678:
26675:
26673:
26670:
26668:
26665:
26663:
26660:
26658:
26655:
26653:
26650:
26648:
26645:
26643:
26640:
26638:
26635:
26633:
26630:
26628:
26625:
26623:
26622:Joseph Görres
26620:
26619:
26617:
26613:
26607:
26606:Bruno Lanteri
26604:
26602:
26599:
26597:
26594:
26592:
26589:
26587:
26584:
26582:
26579:
26577:
26574:
26572:
26569:
26567:
26564:
26562:
26561:Blaise Pascal
26559:
26556:
26552:
26549:
26547:
26544:
26542:
26539:
26537:
26534:
26532:
26529:
26527:
26524:
26522:
26519:
26517:
26514:
26512:
26509:
26507:
26504:
26502:
26499:
26498:
26496:
26493:
26488:
26483:
26477:
26474:
26472:
26469:
26467:
26464:
26462:
26459:
26456:
26452:
26449:
26447:
26444:
26442:
26439:
26437:
26434:
26432:
26429:
26427:
26424:
26422:
26421:John of Ávila
26419:
26417:
26414:
26412:
26409:
26407:
26404:
26402:
26399:
26397:
26394:
26392:
26389:
26387:
26384:
26382:
26379:
26377:
26374:
26373:
26371:
26368:
26364:
26359:
26353:
26350:
26348:
26345:
26343:
26340:
26338:
26335:
26333:
26330:
26328:
26325:
26323:
26320:
26318:
26315:
26313:
26310:
26308:
26307:
26303:
26301:
26300:Walter Hilton
26298:
26296:
26293:
26291:
26288:
26286:
26283:
26281:
26278:
26276:
26273:
26271:
26270:Richard Rolle
26268:
26266:
26263:
26261:
26258:
26256:
26253:
26251:
26248:
26247:
26245:
26242:
26238:
26232:
26229:
26227:
26224:
26222:
26219:
26217:
26214:
26212:
26209:
26207:
26204:
26202:
26199:
26197:
26194:
26192:
26189:
26187:
26184:
26182:
26179:
26177:
26174:
26172:
26169:
26167:
26164:
26162:
26159:
26157:
26154:
26152:
26151:Peter Lombard
26149:
26147:
26144:
26142:
26139:
26137:
26136:Peter Abelard
26134:
26132:
26129:
26127:
26124:
26122:
26119:
26117:
26114:
26112:
26109:
26107:
26104:
26103:
26101:
26099:
26095:
26089:
26086:
26084:
26081:
26079:
26076:
26074:
26071:
26069:
26066:
26064:
26061:
26059:
26056:
26054:
26051:
26049:
26046:
26044:
26041:
26039:
26036:
26034:
26031:
26029:
26028:Monothelitism
26026:
26024:
26021:
26019:
26018:John Climacus
26016:
26014:
26011:
26010:
26008:
26006:
26002:
25996:
25993:
25991:
25988:
25986:
25983:
25981:
25978:
25976:
25973:
25971:
25968:
25966:
25963:
25961:
25958:
25956:
25953:
25951:
25948:
25946:
25943:
25941:
25938:
25936:
25933:
25931:
25928:
25926:
25923:
25921:
25918:
25916:
25913:
25911:
25908:
25906:
25905:Monophysitism
25903:
25901:
25898:
25896:
25893:
25891:
25888:
25886:
25883:
25881:
25878:
25877:
25875:
25872:
25867:
25862:
25856:
25853:
25851:
25848:
25846:
25843:
25841:
25838:
25836:
25833:
25831:
25828:
25826:
25825:
25821:
25819:
25818:Justin Martyr
25816:
25814:
25811:
25809:
25808:
25804:
25802:
25801:
25797:
25795:
25792:
25790:
25787:
25785:
25784:
25780:
25778:
25775:
25773:
25770:
25768:
25765:
25764:
25762:
25760:
25756:
25750:
25747:
25743:
25740:
25738:
25735:
25734:
25733:
25730:
25728:
25725:
25721:
25720:Papal primacy
25718:
25717:
25716:
25713:
25709:
25706:
25705:
25704:
25701:
25700:
25698:
25694:
25690:
25685:
25681:
25674:
25669:
25667:
25662:
25660:
25655:
25654:
25651:
25639:
25629:
25627:
25622:
25617:
25616:
25613:
25607:
25606:Phenomenology
25604:
25602:
25599:
25597:
25594:
25592:
25589:
25587:
25584:
25582:
25579:
25577:
25574:
25572:
25569:
25567:
25564:
25562:
25559:
25558:
25556:
25552:
25546:
25543:
25541:
25538:
25536:
25533:
25529:
25526:
25524:
25521:
25520:
25519:
25516:
25514:
25511:
25509:
25506:
25504:
25503:Rota Fortunae
25501:
25499:
25496:
25494:
25491:
25489:
25486:
25484:
25481:
25479:
25476:
25474:
25471:
25469:
25466:
25464:
25463:Occam's razor
25461:
25459:
25456:
25454:
25451:
25449:
25446:
25444:
25443:Head of a pin
25441:
25439:
25436:
25434:
25431:
25429:
25426:
25424:
25421:
25419:
25416:
25414:
25411:
25409:
25406:
25404:
25401:
25399:
25396:
25394:
25391:
25389:
25386:
25384:
25381:
25379:
25376:
25374:
25371:
25369:
25366:
25364:
25361:
25359:
25358:Actus Essendi
25356:
25355:
25353:
25349:
25343:
25340:
25338:
25335:
25333:
25330:
25328:
25325:
25323:
25320:
25318:
25315:
25313:
25310:
25308:
25305:
25303:
25300:
25298:
25295:
25293:
25290:
25288:
25285:
25283:
25280:
25278:
25275:
25273:
25270:
25268:
25265:
25263:
25260:
25258:
25255:
25253:
25250:
25248:
25245:
25243:
25240:
25238:
25235:
25233:
25230:
25228:
25225:
25223:
25220:
25218:
25215:
25213:
25210:
25208:
25205:
25203:
25200:
25198:
25195:
25193:
25192:Chateaubriand
25190:
25188:
25185:
25183:
25180:
25178:
25175:
25173:
25170:
25168:
25165:
25163:
25160:
25158:
25155:
25153:
25150:
25148:
25145:
25143:
25140:
25138:
25135:
25134:
25132:
25130:
25126:
25116:
25113:
25111:
25108:
25106:
25103:
25102:
25100:
25096:
25090:
25087:
25085:
25082:
25080:
25079:Conceptualism
25077:
25075:
25072:
25070:
25067:
25066:
25064:
25062:
25058:
25052:
25049:
25047:
25044:
25042:
25039:
25037:
25034:
25032:
25029:
25027:
25024:
25023:
25021:
25019:
25015:
25009:
25006:
25004:
25001:
24999:
24996:
24994:
24993:Scholasticism
24991:
24989:
24986:
24985:
24983:
24981:
24977:
24974:
24970:
24943:
24942:Virtue ethics
24940:
24938:
24935:
24933:
24930:
24928:
24927:Seven virtues
24925:
24923:
24920:
24918:
24915:
24913:
24910:
24908:
24905:
24903:
24900:
24898:
24895:
24893:
24890:
24889:
24887:
24885:
24881:
24877:
24870:
24865:
24863:
24858:
24856:
24851:
24850:
24847:
24835:
24832:
24831:
24828:
24822:
24819:
24817:
24816:Social theory
24814:
24812:
24809:
24807:
24804:
24802:
24799:
24797:
24794:
24792:
24789:
24787:
24784:
24782:
24779:
24777:
24774:
24772:
24769:
24767:
24764:
24762:
24759:
24757:
24754:
24752:
24749:
24747:
24744:
24742:
24739:
24738:
24736:
24732:
24723:
24722:
24718:
24713:
24712:
24708:
24703:
24702:
24698:
24693:
24692:
24688:
24683:
24682:
24678:
24673:
24672:
24668:
24663:
24662:
24658:
24653:
24652:
24648:
24643:
24642:
24638:
24633:
24632:
24628:
24623:
24622:
24618:
24613:
24612:
24608:
24603:
24602:
24598:
24593:
24592:
24588:
24583:
24582:
24578:
24573:
24572:
24568:
24567:
24565:
24561:
24551:
24548:
24546:
24543:
24541:
24538:
24536:
24533:
24531:
24528:
24526:
24523:
24521:
24518:
24516:
24513:
24511:
24508:
24506:
24503:
24501:
24498:
24496:
24493:
24491:
24488:
24486:
24483:
24481:
24478:
24476:
24473:
24471:
24470:Radhakrishnan
24468:
24466:
24463:
24461:
24458:
24456:
24453:
24451:
24448:
24446:
24443:
24441:
24438:
24436:
24433:
24431:
24428:
24426:
24423:
24421:
24418:
24416:
24413:
24411:
24408:
24406:
24403:
24401:
24398:
24396:
24393:
24391:
24388:
24386:
24383:
24381:
24378:
24376:
24373:
24371:
24368:
24366:
24363:
24361:
24358:
24356:
24353:
24351:
24348:
24346:
24343:
24341:
24338:
24336:
24333:
24331:
24328:
24326:
24323:
24321:
24318:
24316:
24313:
24311:
24308:
24306:
24303:
24301:
24298:
24296:
24293:
24291:
24288:
24286:
24283:
24281:
24278:
24276:
24273:
24271:
24268:
24266:
24263:
24261:
24258:
24256:
24253:
24251:
24248:
24246:
24243:
24241:
24238:
24237:
24235:
24231:20th and 21st
24229:
24223:
24220:
24218:
24215:
24213:
24210:
24208:
24205:
24203:
24200:
24198:
24195:
24193:
24190:
24188:
24185:
24183:
24180:
24178:
24175:
24173:
24170:
24168:
24165:
24163:
24160:
24158:
24155:
24153:
24150:
24148:
24145:
24143:
24140:
24138:
24135:
24133:
24130:
24128:
24125:
24123:
24120:
24118:
24115:
24113:
24110:
24108:
24105:
24103:
24100:
24098:
24095:
24093:
24090:
24088:
24085:
24083:
24080:
24078:
24075:
24073:
24070:
24068:
24065:
24063:
24060:
24058:
24055:
24053:
24050:
24048:
24045:
24043:
24040:
24038:
24035:
24033:
24030:
24029:
24027:
24023:18th and 19th
24021:
24015:
24012:
24010:
24007:
24005:
24002:
24000:
23997:
23995:
23992:
23990:
23987:
23985:
23982:
23980:
23977:
23976:
23974:
23970:
23964:
23961:
23959:
23956:
23954:
23951:
23949:
23946:
23944:
23941:
23939:
23936:
23934:
23931:
23929:
23926:
23924:
23921:
23919:
23916:
23914:
23911:
23909:
23906:
23905:
23903:
23899:
23893:
23890:
23888:
23885:
23883:
23880:
23878:
23875:
23873:
23870:
23868:
23865:
23863:
23860:
23858:
23855:
23853:
23850:
23848:
23845:
23843:
23840:
23838:
23835:
23833:
23830:
23828:
23825:
23823:
23820:
23819:
23817:
23813:
23810:
23806:
23800:
23797:
23795:
23792:
23788:
23785:
23784:
23783:
23780:
23778:
23775:
23773:
23770:
23766:
23763:
23762:
23761:
23758:
23756:
23753:
23752:
23750:
23746:
23740:
23737:
23734:
23733:
23728:
23724:
23721:
23720:
23719:
23716:
23714:
23711:
23709:
23706:
23704:
23701:
23699:
23696:
23694:
23691:
23688:
23687:
23682:
23680:
23677:
23674:
23673:
23668:
23666:
23663:
23661:
23658:
23656:
23653:
23651:
23648:
23644:
23641:
23640:
23639:
23636:
23634:
23631:
23629:
23626:
23624:
23621:
23619:
23616:
23614:
23611:
23607:
23604:
23603:
23602:
23599:
23597:
23594:
23592:
23589:
23587:
23584:
23582:
23579:
23575:
23572:
23571:
23570:
23567:
23563:
23560:
23558:
23555:
23553:
23550:
23549:
23548:
23545:
23543:
23540:
23538:
23535:
23533:
23530:
23528:
23525:
23523:
23520:
23518:
23515:
23514:
23512:
23508:
23504:
23497:
23492:
23490:
23485:
23483:
23478:
23477:
23474:
23462:
23454:
23452:
23448:
23444:
23443:
23440:
23434:
23433:
23429:
23427:
23424:
23422:
23419:
23417:
23414:
23412:
23409:
23407:
23404:
23402:
23399:
23397:
23394:
23392:
23389:
23387:
23384:
23382:
23379:
23378:
23376:
23372:
23362:
23359:
23358:
23355:
23352:
23350:
23347:
23345:
23342:
23340:
23337:
23335:
23332:
23330:
23327:
23325:
23322:
23320:
23317:
23315:
23312:
23310:
23307:
23305:
23304:Anthony Kenny
23302:
23300:
23297:
23295:
23292:
23290:
23287:
23286:
23284:
23276:
23270:
23267:
23265:
23262:
23260:
23257:
23255:
23252:
23250:
23247:
23245:
23242:
23240:
23237:
23235:
23232:
23230:
23229:Mircea Eliade
23227:
23225:
23222:
23221:
23218:
23215:
23213:
23210:
23208:
23205:
23203:
23200:
23198:
23195:
23193:
23190:
23188:
23185:
23183:
23180:
23178:
23175:
23173:
23170:
23169:
23167:
23161:
23155:
23152:
23150:
23147:
23145:
23142:
23140:
23137:
23135:
23132:
23130:
23127:
23125:
23122:
23120:
23117:
23116:
23113:
23112:William James
23110:
23108:
23105:
23103:
23100:
23098:
23095:
23093:
23092:Ernst Haeckel
23090:
23089:
23087:
23081:
23075:
23072:
23070:
23067:
23065:
23062:
23060:
23057:
23055:
23052:
23050:
23047:
23045:
23042:
23041:
23038:
23035:
23033:
23030:
23028:
23025:
23024:
23022:
23016:
23010:
23007:
23005:
23004:Immanuel Kant
23002:
23000:
22997:
22995:
22992:
22990:
22987:
22985:
22982:
22980:
22977:
22975:
22972:
22970:
22967:
22965:
22962:
22960:
22959:Blaise Pascal
22957:
22955:
22952:
22950:
22947:
22946:
22944:
22942:
22938:
22932:
22929:
22927:
22924:
22922:
22919:
22917:
22914:
22912:
22909:
22907:
22904:
22902:
22899:
22897:
22894:
22892:
22889:
22887:
22884:
22882:
22879:
22877:
22874:
22872:
22869:
22867:
22864:
22862:
22859:
22858:
22856:
22854:
22849:
22845:
22842:
22837:
22830:
22824:
22821:
22819:
22816:
22814:
22811:
22809:
22806:
22804:
22801:
22799:
22796:
22794:
22791:
22790:
22788:
22786:
22782:
22776:
22773:
22771:
22768:
22766:
22763:
22761:
22760:Language game
22758:
22756:
22753:
22752:
22750:
22748:
22744:
22738:
22737:
22733:
22731:
22728:
22726:
22723:
22721:
22718:
22716:
22713:
22711:
22708:
22706:
22703:
22701:
22698:
22696:
22693:
22691:
22688:
22686:
22683:
22681:
22678:
22676:
22673:
22671:
22668:
22666:
22663:
22661:
22658:
22656:
22653:
22649:
22646:
22644:
22641:
22639:
22636:
22635:
22634:
22631:
22629:
22626:
22624:
22621:
22619:
22616:
22614:
22611:
22609:
22606:
22602:
22599:
22597:
22594:
22592:
22589:
22588:
22587:
22584:
22582:
22579:
22577:
22574:
22572:
22569:
22567:
22564:
22560:
22557:
22555:
22552:
22551:
22550:
22547:
22543:
22540:
22538:
22535:
22534:
22533:
22530:
22528:
22525:
22523:
22520:
22518:
22515:
22513:
22510:
22508:
22505:
22503:
22500:
22498:
22495:
22493:
22490:
22488:
22485:
22483:
22480:
22478:
22475:
22473:
22470:
22468:
22465:
22464:
22462:
22460:
22456:
22446:
22443:
22441:
22438:
22436:
22433:
22431:
22430:Occam's razor
22428:
22426:
22423:
22421:
22418:
22416:
22413:
22411:
22408:
22406:
22403:
22401:
22398:
22396:
22393:
22391:
22388:
22387:
22385:
22381:
22375:
22372:
22368:
22365:
22363:
22360:
22359:
22358:
22355:
22353:
22350:
22348:
22345:
22343:
22340:
22338:
22335:
22333:
22330:
22328:
22325:
22323:
22320:
22318:
22315:
22313:
22310:
22308:
22305:
22303:
22300:
22298:
22295:
22291:
22288:
22286:
22283:
22282:
22281:
22278:
22276:
22275:Consciousness
22273:
22271:
22268:
22266:
22263:
22262:
22260:
22256:
22253:
22251:
22247:
22237:
22234:
22232:
22229:
22227:
22224:
22222:
22219:
22217:
22214:
22212:
22209:
22207:
22204:
22202:
22199:
22197:
22194:
22192:
22189:
22187:
22184:
22183:
22181:
22177:
22171:
22170:Unmoved mover
22168:
22166:
22165:Supreme Being
22163:
22161:
22158:
22156:
22153:
22151:
22148:
22146:
22143:
22141:
22138:
22136:
22133:
22131:
22128:
22126:
22123:
22121:
22118:
22117:
22114:
22111:
22109:
22105:
22099:
22096:
22094:
22091:
22089:
22086:
22084:
22081:
22079:
22076:
22074:
22071:
22069:
22066:
22062:
22058:
22057:
22056:
22053:
22051:
22048:
22046:
22043:
22042:
22040:
22036:
22032:
22025:
22020:
22018:
22013:
22011:
22006:
22005:
22002:
21990:
21989:
21985:
21983:
21980:
21979:
21977:
21973:
21966:
21963:
21960:
21957:
21956:
21954:
21952:
21948:
21942:
21940:
21936:
21934:
21932:
21928:
21926:
21924:
21920:
21918:
21916:
21912:
21910:
21908:
21904:
21902:
21900:
21896:
21894:
21892:
21891:Martin Luther
21888:
21886:
21884:
21880:
21878:
21876:
21875:Martin Luther
21872:
21871:
21869:
21866:
21862:
21856:
21853:
21851:
21848:
21846:
21843:
21841:
21838:
21836:
21833:
21831:
21828:
21826:
21823:
21821:
21818:
21816:
21813:
21811:
21808:
21807:
21805:
21801:
21795:
21792:
21790:
21787:
21785:
21782:
21780:
21777:
21775:
21772:
21770:
21767:
21765:
21762:
21760:
21757:
21755:
21752:
21750:
21747:
21745:
21742:
21740:
21737:
21735:
21732:
21730:
21727:
21725:
21722:
21717:
21714:
21709:
21706:
21701:
21698:
21692:
21691:
21689:
21685:
21679:
21677:
21673:
21671:
21668:
21666:
21663:
21659:
21656:
21654:
21651:
21650:
21649:
21646:
21642:
21639:
21637:
21634:
21631:
21628:
21626:
21623:
21621:
21620:
21616:
21614:
21613:
21609:
21607:
21604:
21602:
21599:
21598:
21597:
21594:
21592:
21589:
21587:
21584:
21582:
21579:
21577:
21575:
21571:
21569:
21566:
21564:
21562:
21558:
21556:
21553:
21551:
21548:
21546:
21543:
21541:
21538:
21537:
21535:
21529:
21518:
21514:
21511:
21507:
21504:
21503:
21499:
21496:
21495:
21491:
21488:
21485:
21484:
21482:
21480:
21479:List of hymns
21476:
21470:
21467:
21464:
21463:
21458:
21455:
21454:
21450:
21447:
21446:
21442:
21439:
21438:
21434:
21431:
21428:
21425:
21424:
21420:
21417:
21416:
21412:
21409:
21408:
21404:
21401:
21400:
21396:
21393:
21392:
21388:
21385:
21384:
21380:
21377:
21376:
21372:
21369:
21368:
21364:
21361:
21360:
21356:
21353:
21352:
21348:
21345:
21344:
21340:
21337:
21336:
21332:
21329:
21328:
21324:
21321:
21320:
21316:
21313:
21312:
21308:
21305:
21304:
21300:
21297:
21296:
21292:
21289:
21288:
21284:
21283:
21281:
21277:
21271:
21268:
21266:
21263:
21262:
21259:
21255:
21254:Martin Luther
21248:
21243:
21241:
21236:
21234:
21229:
21228:
21225:
21213:
21205:
21204:
21201:
21193:
21192:Erasmus Prize
21190:
21189:
21188:
21185:
21182:
21181:
21177:
21176:
21174:
21170:
21163:
21162:
21158:
21155:
21152:
21149:
21148:
21144:
21143:
21141:
21137:
21132:
21121:
21120:
21116:
21113:
21112:
21108:
21105:
21104:
21100:
21097:
21096:
21092:
21089:
21088:
21084:
21081:
21080:
21076:
21073:
21072:
21068:
21065:
21064:
21060:
21057:
21056:
21052:
21049:
21048:
21044:
21041:
21040:
21036:
21033:
21032:
21028:
21027:
21025:
21021:
21015:
21012:
21011:
21008:
21004:
20997:
20992:
20990:
20985:
20983:
20978:
20977:
20974:
20967:
20962:
20957:
20955:
20950:
20945:
20943:
20933:
20932:
20929:
20919:
20915:
20910:
20907:
20905:
20901:
20897:
20893:
20890:
20886:
20883:, and guests
20882:
20878:
20875:
20867:
20863:
20860:
20859:
20851:
20847:
20844:
20841:
20837:
20834:
20831:
20827:
20824:
20821:
20818:
20816:
20813:
20812:
20804:
20800:
20797:
20795:
20791:
20788:
20785:
20784:
20779:
20775:
20774:
20769:
20765:
20763:
20762:
20757:
20754:
20753:
20747:
20744:
20742:
20739:
20737:
20734:
20733:
20731:
20723:
20720:
20718:
20715:
20713:
20710:
20709:
20704:
20699:
20684:
20680:
20676:
20672:
20668:
20664:
20660:
20656:
20652:
20648:
20644:
20639:
20636:
20633:
20630:
20626:
20623:
20622:
20613:
20609:
20607:
20603:
20599:
20595:
20592:
20588:
20583:
20580:
20579:
20577:
20573:
20570:
20569:
20559:
20555:
20552:
20548:
20545:
20541:
20538:
20534:
20531:
20527:
20524:
20523:
20518:
20515:
20514:
20509:
20506:
20505:
20500:
20497:
20493:
20490:
20486:
20483:
20479:
20476:
20472:
20469:
20465:
20462:
20459:
20455:
20451:
20449:9780802085771
20445:
20441:
20440:
20435:
20434:
20423:
20419:
20416:
20413:
20412:
20407:
20404:
20400:
20398:9780826491558
20394:
20390:
20385:
20382:
20381:
20376:
20372:
20368:
20364:
20359:
20358:
20356:
20352:
20346:
20345:
20340:
20336:
20332:
20326:
20322:
20321:
20316:
20312:
20308:
20307:
20302:
20298:
20294:
20290:
20286:
20285:
20280:
20276:
20272:
20266:
20262:
20257:
20254:
20250:
20246:
20244:9781857926958
20240:
20236:
20231:
20228:
20224:
20220:
20214:
20210:
20205:
20204:
20179:
20175:
20171:
20167:
20163:
20159:
20155:
20148:
20141:
20135:
20127:
20123:
20117:
20109:
20105:
20099:
20091:
20085:
20069:
20063:
20061:
20052:
20048:
20042:
20034:
20030:
20024:
20016:
20012:
20006:
19998:
19994:
19988:
19980:
19976:
19970:
19962:
19958:
19951:
19936:
19932:
19926:
19910:
19906:
19900:
19885:
19881:
19874:
19865:
19850:
19846:
19840:
19832:
19831:
19823:
19807:
19806:
19801:
19795:
19787:
19783:
19779:
19775:
19771:
19767:
19763:
19759:
19755:
19751:
19747:
19740:
19738:
19721:
19720:
19715:
19709:
19707:
19698:
19691:
19683:
19676:
19674:
19672:
19660:
19656:
19651:
19647:
19643:
19639:
19638:EXARC Journal
19635:
19630:
19629:
19625:
19616:
19614:
19612:
19605:
19600:
19592:
19588:
19582:
19574:
19570:
19566:
19562:
19558:
19554:
19547:
19539:
19535:
19531:
19527:
19523:
19519:
19515:
19508:
19500:
19496:
19491:
19486:
19482:
19478:
19474:
19470:
19466:
19459:
19451:
19445:
19441:
19437:
19433:
19426:
19418:
19414:
19410:
19406:
19398:
19390:
19386:
19382:
19378:
19374:
19370:
19366:
19362:
19358:
19354:
19350:
19343:
19335:
19331:
19327:
19323:
19319:
19315:
19311:
19307:
19303:
19296:
19288:
19284:
19280:
19276:
19272:
19268:
19264:
19257:
19250:
19244:
19236:
19232:
19228:
19224:
19220:
19216:
19213:(1): 84–101.
19212:
19208:
19204:
19197:
19181:
19178:(145): 7, 8.
19177:
19173:
19166:
19159:
19155:
19154:
19150:Tello, Joan.
19147:
19139:
19135:
19131:
19124:
19116:
19112:
19108:
19104:
19100:
19096:
19089:
19081:
19079:9789004539686
19075:
19071:
19067:
19063:
19056:
19040:
19036:
19032:
19028:
19024:
19020:
19016:
19012:
19008:
19004:
18997:
18990:
18984:
18968:
18964:
18960:
18953:
18951:
18942:
18938:
18932:
18916:
18912:
18908:
18904:
18897:
18895:
18878:
18874:
18870:
18863:
18844:
18840:
18836:
18832:
18825:
18823:
18814:
18799:
18795:
18791:
18790:
18782:
18774:
18770:
18766:
18759:
18751:
18747:
18743:
18739:
18731:
18723:
18719:
18715:
18711:
18707:
18700:
18692:
18688:
18684:
18678:
18674:
18673:
18666:
18658:
18652:
18648:
18644:
18640:
18633:
18617:
18613:
18609:
18602:
18594:
18592:9780228014690
18588:
18584:
18583:
18575:
18567:
18566:
18558:
18550:
18546:
18542:
18538:
18534:
18530:
18523:
18507:
18503:
18499:
18495:
18491:
18487:
18483:
18479:
18472:
18470:
18461:
18457:
18453:
18449:
18442:
18440:
18438:
18436:
18434:
18425:
18421:
18417:
18413:
18406:
18398:
18394:
18390:
18383:
18381:
18379:
18377:
18368:
18364:
18360:
18356:
18352:
18348:
18344:
18340:
18336:
18329:
18321:
18315:
18311:
18307:
18303:
18302:
18293:
18285:
18284:
18276:
18268:
18262:
18258:
18251:
18243:
18239:
18235:
18231:
18227:
18220:
18218:
18210:
18204:
18196:
18192:
18188:
18186:9780813228013
18182:
18178:
18174:
18170:
18166:
18159:
18151:
18149:9780802092229
18145:
18141:
18135:
18124:
18123:
18115:
18107:
18103:
18099:
18097:9780802068064
18093:
18089:
18085:
18078:
18070:
18066:
18059:
18051:
18047:
18043:
18037:
18033:
18029:
18025:
18021:
18014:
18006:
18002:
17995:
17976:
17972:
17965:
17958:
17939:
17938:
17930:
17928:
17919:
17915:
17911:
17907:
17900:
17884:
17880:
17876:
17869:
17853:
17849:
17845:
17841:
17837:
17833:
17829:
17826:(1): 78–106.
17825:
17821:
17817:
17810:
17802:
17796:
17792:
17788:
17784:
17777:
17775:
17773:
17771:
17754:
17750:
17746:
17739:
17723:
17716:
17709:
17693:
17689:
17688:
17680:
17664:
17660:
17653:
17645:
17641:
17637:
17633:
17626:
17610:
17606:
17602:
17598:
17596:9781487500610
17592:
17588:
17587:
17579:
17577:
17568:
17564:
17560:
17556:
17552:
17548:
17541:
17525:
17518:
17511:
17503:
17499:
17495:
17491:
17487:
17483:
17476:
17468:
17464:
17460:
17456:
17448:
17440:
17438:9789004539686
17434:
17430:
17426:
17422:
17415:
17407:
17405:9789004255630
17401:
17397:
17393:
17389:
17382:
17376:
17374:
17368:
17364:
17361:
17360:
17354:
17338:
17334:
17330:
17326:
17322:
17318:
17311:
17303:
17297:
17293:
17292:
17284:
17282:
17280:
17271:
17265:
17261:
17257:
17253:
17252:Controversies
17246:
17240:
17237:
17231:
17225:
17222:
17218:
17215:
17210:
17203:
17199:
17198:Hyperaspistes
17194:
17186:
17184:90-04-12218-4
17180:
17176:
17175:
17167:
17160:
17156:
17152:
17147:
17140:
17136:
17130:
17123:
17117:
17102:
17098:
17091:
17080:
17079:
17071:
17055:
17051:
17047:
17040:
17032:
17028:
17024:
17016:
17014:
17005:
17003:0-8020-5976-7
16999:
16995:
16991:
16985:
16977:
16973:
16969:
16965:
16958:
16949:
16944:
16941:(1): 33–102.
16940:
16936:
16932:
16925:
16909:
16905:
16901:
16895:
16886:
16870:
16866:
16862:
16858:
16854:
16850:
16846:
16842:
16838:
16834:
16830:
16826:
16819:
16812:
16806:
16804:
16795:
16791:
16787:
16783:
16779:
16775:
16771:
16767:
16763:
16759:
16755:
16748:
16739:
16731:
16727:
16720:
16712:
16708:
16704:
16697:
16689:
16685:
16679:
16674:
16655:
16651:
16644:
16637:
16629:
16622:
16614:
16608:
16604:
16597:
16581:
16577:
16576:Image Journal
16573:
16566:
16550:
16546:
16544:9780521772242
16540:
16536:
16532:
16528:
16524:
16517:
16515:
16513:
16511:
16509:
16500:
16494:
16490:
16486:
16482:
16475:
16467:
16461:
16453:
16449:
16445:
16439:
16435:
16431:
16427:
16420:
16412:
16408:
16404:
16400:
16396:
16392:
16385:
16377:
16371:
16355:
16351:
16345:
16341:
16337:
16333:
16332:
16327:
16320:
16312:
16305:
16297:
16290:
16274:
16270:
16266:
16262:
16258:
16254:
16250:
16246:
16242:
16238:
16234:
16230:
16223:
16215:
16211:
16207:
16200:
16192:
16186:
16182:
16178:
16174:
16167:
16151:
16147:
16141:
16125:
16121:
16120:
16113:
16107:
16103:
16100:
16083:
16079:
16075:
16071:
16067:
16063:
16059:
16052:
16045:
16029:
16025:
16019:
16016:. CUA Press.
16015:
16014:
16006:
16004:
16002:
15993:
15989:
15985:
15978:
15962:
15958:
15954:
15947:
15939:
15935:
15928:
15912:
15908:
15904:
15900:
15896:
15892:
15885:
15878:
15877:
15870:
15862:
15858:
15852:
15836:
15835:
15827:
15821:
15820:0-271-02811-4
15817:
15813:
15810:Remer, Gary,
15807:
15791:
15787:
15783:
15779:
15772:
15770:
15768:
15751:
15747:
15743:
15736:
15728:
15727:
15719:
15704:
15698:
15694:
15693:
15685:
15669:
15665:
15661:
15657:
15653:
15649:
15645:
15641:
15634:
15618:
15614:
15610:
15603:
15595:
15589:
15585:
15581:
15577:
15570:
15555:
15549:
15541:
15537:
15533:
15527:
15523:
15522:
15514:
15499:
15495:
15488:
15472:
15468:
15464:
15457:
15441:
15437:
15433:
15429:
15425:
15421:
15417:
15413:
15406:
15404:
15387:
15383:
15379:
15372:
15356:
15352:
15348:
15341:
15334:
15328:
15320:
15318:9789004539686
15314:
15310:
15306:
15302:
15295:
15287:
15283:
15279:
15275:
15271:
15267:
15263:
15256:
15248:
15246:9781139017169
15242:
15238:
15234:
15230:
15223:
15221:
15204:
15200:
15196:
15192:
15188:
15184:
15180:
15176:
15169:
15161:
15157:
15153:
15146:
15138:
15134:
15130:
15126:
15122:
15118:
15111:
15109:
15100:
15094:
15090:
15086:
15082:
15078:
15071:
15069:
15067:
15065:
15049:
15045:
15041:
15037:
15033:
15029:
15025:
15018:
15010:
15006:
15002:
14998:
14990:
14975:
14971:
14967:
14963:
14959:
14955:
14951:
14944:
14928:
14924:
14920:
14916:
14912:
14908:
14904:
14900:
14894:
14892:
14886:
14884:
14875:
14869:
14865:
14858:
14850:
14846:
14842:
14838:
14831:
14815:
14811:
14807:
14803:
14799:
14795:
14791:
14787:
14780:
14764:
14760:
14756:
14752:
14745:
14738:
14736:9789004129849
14732:
14728:
14721:
14713:
14709:
14705:
14701:
14697:
14693:
14689:
14685:
14681:
14680:
14672:
14670:
14660:
14652:
14648:
14644:
14640:
14633:
14631:
14614:
14610:
14606:
14600:
14592:
14591:
14585:
14577:
14569:
14565:
14558:
14542:
14538:
14534:
14528:
14512:
14508:
14504:
14500:
14499:
14491:
14483:
14477:
14473:
14469:
14465:
14458:
14456:
14447:
14440:
14438:
14421:
14417:
14416:
14408:
14406:
14397:
14393:
14389:
14388:
14380:
14378:
14361:
14357:
14353:
14349:
14345:
14341:
14337:
14333:
14329:
14325:
14318:
14310:
14306:
14302:
14298:
14291:
14289:
14287:
14278:
14274:
14270:
14264:
14260:
14256:
14252:
14245:
14238:
14232:
14224:
14218:
14214:
14213:
14205:
14197:
14193:
14189:
14183:
14179:
14175:
14171:
14164:
14162:
14160:
14151:
14147:
14143:
14137:
14133:
14129:
14125:
14117:
14098:
14094:
14093:
14087:
14075:
14071:
14067:
14063:
14062:
14058:
14050:
14044:
14040:
14036:
14032:
14031:
14023:
14015:
14011:
14007:
14003:
13999:
13995:
13991:
13984:
13982:
13980:
13978:
13961:
13957:
13953:
13946:
13927:
13923:
13919:
13912:
13905:
13903:
13894:
13887:
13879:
13873:
13869:
13865:
13861:
13860:Controversies
13853:
13851:
13842:
13838:
13834:
13830:
13826:
13822:
13818:
13811:
13809:
13792:
13788:
13784:
13778:
13770:
13764:
13760:
13756:
13752:
13745:
13738:
13724:
13720:
13716:
13710:
13703:
13697:
13689:
13683:
13679:
13675:
13674:
13666:
13658:
13654:
13650:
13646:
13642:
13638:
13634:
13627:
13625:
13623:
13621:
13604:
13600:
13594:
13578:
13574:
13570:
13566:
13562:
13558:
13554:
13550:
13546:
13542:
13538:
13534:
13527:
13519:
13513:
13509:
13505:
13501:
13494:
13492:
13490:
13488:
13479:
13475:
13469:
13454:
13448:
13444:
13443:
13435:
13433:
13431:
13422:
13416:
13412:
13408:
13404:
13400:
13393:
13377:
13372:
13368:
13364:
13360:
13356:
13352:
13345:
13343:
13326:
13322:
13318:
13314:
13310:
13303:
13295:
13287:
13286:
13278:
13276:
13274:
13272:
13255:
13251:
13244:
13228:
13224:
13220:
13216:
13212:
13208:
13204:
13200:
13196:
13192:
13185:
13169:
13165:
13161:
13155:
13136:
13132:
13131:10.58079/td2u
13128:
13124:
13120:
13115:
13111:
13107:
13102:
13097:
13092:
13087:
13083:
13079:
13075:
13070:
13066:
13065:
13059:
13058:
13054:
13038:
13034:
13030:
13024:
13015:
13007:
13003:
12997:
12981:
12977:
12973:
12966:
12950:
12946:
12942:
12935:
12933:
12916:
12912:
12911:
12903:
12887:
12883:
12879:
12873:
12865:
12859:
12855:
12848:
12832:
12828:
12824:
12818:
12810:
12809:
12803:
12798:
12794:
12788:
12781:
12777:
12771:
12764:
12759:
12750:
12741:
12733:
12729:
12725:
12721:
12717:
12710:
12702:
12698:
12691:
12682:
12680:
12678:
12676:
12674:
12672:
12663:
12657:
12653:
12652:
12644:
12636:
12630:
12626:
12622:
12618:
12614:
12607:
12591:
12587:
12583:
12577:
12569:
12565:
12561:
12557:
12553:
12549:
12542:
12540:
12538:
12521:
12517:
12513:
12509:
12505:
12501:
12497:
12494:(93): 91–96.
12493:
12489:
12485:
12478:
12470:
12464:
12460:
12453:
12445:
12441:
12437:
12433:
12429:
12425:
12418:
12410:
12406:
12402:
12398:
12394:
12390:
12386:
12379:
12363:
12359:
12353:
12349:
12348:
12340:
12338:
12321:
12317:
12313:
12309:
12305:
12301:
12297:
12293:
12289:
12285:
12278:
12270:
12263:
12255:
12248:
12246:
12237:
12222:
12218:
12214:
12213:
12207:
12199:
12197:
12195:
12193:
12176:
12172:
12168:
12164:
12160:
12155:
12150:
12146:
12142:
12138:
12131:
12112:
12108:
12102:
12095:
12094:
12086:
12071:
12067:
12063:
12062:
12054:
12046:
12044:9798352124185
12040:
12036:
12029:
12013:
12009:
12005:
11999:
11991:
11985:
11981:
11974:
11958:
11954:
11950:
11946:
11942:
11938:
11934:
11930:
11923:
11915:
11911:
11907:
11903:
11900:(2): 95–105.
11899:
11895:
11888:
11880:
11874:
11870:
11869:
11861:
11852:
11847:
11843:
11839:
11832:
11826:
11821:
11815:
11811:
11810:
11802:
11786:
11782:
11778:
11772:
11756:
11752:
11748:
11744:
11737:
11729:
11723:
11719:
11712:
11696:
11692:
11690:9781442691773
11686:
11682:
11681:
11673:
11666:
11662:
11657:
11650:
11644:
11636:
11632:
11628:
11621:
11613:
11607:
11603:
11596:
11588:
11587:
11579:
11577:
11575:
11573:
11571:
11569:
11567:
11565:
11556:
11552:
11548:
11544:
11540:
11536:
11532:
11525:
11509:
11505:
11504:
11501:
11493:
11485:
11481:
11477:
11473:
11469:
11465:
11461:
11457:
11450:
11448:
11446:
11444:
11442:
11434:
11432:9780802028679
11428:
11424:
11423:
11415:
11413:
11405:
11401:
11396:
11394:
11384:
11368:
11364:
11360:
11353:
11344:
11342:
11340:
11320:
11316:
11310:
11303:
11302:
11294:
11287:
11281:
11265:
11261:
11257:
11251:
11235:
11231:
11227:
11223:
11219:
11215:
11211:
11207:
11203:
11199:
11192:
11184:
11180:
11176:
11172:
11169:(2): 88–101.
11168:
11164:
11160:
11153:
11146:
11145:Charles Reade
11142:
11141:
11134:
11118:
11114:
11108:
11100:
11094:
11090:
11086:
11082:
11081:
11073:
11071:
11069:
11067:
11065:
11063:
11061:
11059:
11057:
11055:
11053:
11051:
11049:
11047:
11045:
11043:
11041:
11033:
11027:
11025:
11016:
11015:
11007:
11005:
11003:
10994:
10990:
10986:
10979:
10963:
10959:
10955:
10951:
10944:
10942:
10940:
10923:
10919:
10915:
10911:
10907:
10903:
10899:
10895:
10888:
10886:
10884:
10882:
10880:
10878:
10876:
10867:
10863:
10859:
10852:
10850:
10848:
10840:
10834:
10826:
10822:
10815:
10807:
10803:
10798:
10793:
10789:
10785:
10781:
10777:
10773:
10766:
10764:
10762:
10760:
10758:
10756:
10747:
10741:
10737:
10733:
10729:
10722:
10714:
10710:
10706:
10699:
10697:
10695:
10693:
10691:
10689:
10682:
10678:
10675:
10671:
10670:
10664:
10660:
10657:
10651:
10635:
10631:
10627:
10624:
10618:
10614:
10597:
10588:
10581:
10577:
10571:
10563:
10557:
10550:
10546:
10540:
10530:
10523:
10517:
10507:
10498:
10490:
10486:
10482:
10478:
10474:
10470:
10462:
10455:
10451:
10446:
10439:
10435:
10431:
10425:
10417:
10411:
10400:
10391:
10381:
10374:
10368:
10360:
10356:
10352:
10348:
10345:(2): 82–101.
10344:
10340:
10332:
10323:
10314:
10295:
10291:
10285:
10278:
10277:
10268:
10261:
10257:
10253:
10247:
10237:
10230:
10224:
10217:
10213:
10209:
10205:
10199:
10191:
10187:
10183:
10177:
10176:John Wycliffe
10171:
10165:
10161:
10158:, it was not
10157:
10153:
10150:, it was not
10149:
10145:
10139:
10120:
10113:
10112:
10103:
10094:
10090:
10086:
10082:
10078:
10074:
10069:
10065:
10059:
10052:
10046:
10039:
10033:
10016:
10012:
10008:
10004:
10000:
9996:
9992:
9988:
9984:
9980:
9972:
9965:
9959:
9952:
9948:
9942:
9934:
9932:9789004539686
9928:
9924:
9920:
9916:
9908:
9902:
9896:
9889:
9883:
9875:
9871:
9867:
9863:
9857:
9856:Protestantism
9853:
9849:
9848:Greek Fathers
9845:
9844:
9839:
9838:
9833:
9829:
9825:
9821:
9817:
9816:scholasticism
9811:
9804:
9803:Christianity.
9799:
9797:9780521403085
9793:
9789:
9785:
9781:
9774:
9764:
9748:
9744:
9740:
9736:
9730:
9726:
9720:
9704:
9700:
9696:
9684:
9668:
9664:
9656:
9647:
9641:
9637:
9633:
9627:
9620:
9616:
9612:
9608:
9604:
9600:
9596:
9592:
9591:
9584:
9578:
9572:
9566:
9560:
9552:
9545:
9538:
9533:
9524:
9517:
9511:
9502:
9494:
9488:
9484:
9480:
9479:
9472:
9468:
9464:
9460:
9454:
9445:
9443:
9426:
9422:
9418:
9414:
9410:
9406:
9402:
9398:
9394:
9390:
9381:
9371:
9359:
9353:
9347:
9341:
9334:
9330:
9329:
9324:
9320:
9316:
9310:
9306:
9302:
9298:
9292:
9285:
9281:
9277:
9273:
9269:
9265:
9251:
9247:
9243:
9239:
9235:
9231:
9227:
9223:
9219:
9215:
9209:
9202:
9194:
9190:
9182:
9176:
9170:
9161:
9157:
9150:
9144:
9135:
9128:
9122:
9105:
9101:
9097:
9093:
9089:
9085:
9081:
9077:
9071:
9067:
9061:
9052:
9043:
9035:
9029:
9019:
9009:
9001:
8997:
8993:
8991:9781487510206
8987:
8983:
8979:
8975:
8969:
8965:
8961:
8955:
8939:
8935:
8931:
8927:
8923:
8919:
8913:
8912:
8908:
8904:
8897:
8891:
8889:
8882:
8875:
8871:
8867:
8863:
8857:
8841:
8837:
8833:
8825:
8818:
8814:
8810:
8806:
8802:
8798:
8792:
8783:
8779:
8774:
8769:
8765:
8761:
8758:(1): 87–109.
8757:
8753:
8745:
8743:
8735:
8728:
8721:
8714:
8707:
8701:
8694:
8688:
8680:
8676:
8672:
8668:
8664:
8660:
8656:
8652:
8648:
8640:
8633:
8626:
8618:
8614:
8610:
8606:
8600:
8594:
8587:
8583:
8579:
8572:
8565:
8561:
8558:
8552:
8545:
8539:
8530:
8522:
8516:
8507:
8498:
8489:
8482:
8478:
8474:
8470:
8464:
8457:
8453:
8452:Oecolampadius
8447:
8437:
8426:
8421:
8417:
8411:
8404:
8398:
8389:
8382:
8378:
8374:
8368:
8352:
8348:
8344:
8335:
8328:
8324:
8320:
8316:
8310:
8302:
8294:
8285:
8281:
8277:
8276:
8269:
8268:Henry Bullock
8263:
8253:
8243:
8239:
8235:
8231:
8227:
8223:
8219:
8213:
8212:Bernard André
8207:
8197:
8188:
8179:
8171:
8165:
8156:
8147:
8139:
8135:
8127:
8120:
8116:
8112:
8109:
8103:
8095:
8091:
8087:
8083:
8075:
8068:
8061:
8052:
8042:
8035:
8031:
8025:
8018:
8013:
8007:
8005:
7995:
7988:
7986:9780802028679
7982:
7978:
7977:
7969:
7968:progymnasmata
7963:
7957:
7948:
7944:
7934:
7930:
7926:
7916:
7908:
7904:
7898:
7894:
7890:
7887:
7881:
7874:
7867:
7863:
7859:
7858:
7853:
7848:
7841:
7837:
7836:Redemptorists
7833:
7829:
7822:
7815:
7809:
7793:
7789:
7785:
7777:
7770:
7764:
7756:
7755:Roterdamensis
7751:
7747:
7743:
7739:
7735:
7730:
7721:
7717:
7709:
7697:
7693:
7689:
7685:
7681:
7678:
7674:
7671:
7668:
7664:
7661:
7660:General Court
7657:
7653:
7649:
7645:
7642:
7638:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7624:
7623:
7621:
7617:
7614:
7610:
7607:
7603:
7600:
7596:
7595:Erasmus Prize
7592:
7587:
7584:The parallel
7583:
7580:
7576:
7573:
7570:The original
7569:
7568:
7566:
7562:
7558:
7555:The European
7554:
7553:
7545:
7544:
7539:
7538:David Starkey
7535:
7531:
7528:
7525:
7522:
7517:
7513:
7509:
7506:
7503:
7500:
7496:
7491:
7487:
7484:
7481:
7476:
7473:
7472:
7471:
7467:
7463:
7454:
7447:
7443:
7438:
7429:
7427:
7426:
7421:
7417:
7413:
7411:
7410:Concedo Nulli
7400:
7396:
7391:
7387:
7382:
7378:
7376:
7372:
7368:
7364:
7360:
7356:
7352:
7343:
7334:
7331:
7327:
7325:
7324:
7320:
7315:
7311:
7309:
7303:
7299:
7295:
7291:
7283:
7279:
7275:
7271:
7269:
7262:
7253:
7251:
7247:
7242:
7240:
7234:
7232:
7227:
7225:
7221:
7220:Quartan fever
7206:
7196:
7192:
7190:
7182:
7175:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7148:
7146:
7145:
7140:
7139:
7134:
7133:
7127:
7125:
7121:
7117:
7116:New Testament
7109:
7108:
7103:
7102:
7101:
7097:
7087:
7085:
7080:
7076:
7072:
7066:
7064:
7060:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7040:
7026:
7019:
7015:
7012:
7008:
7004:
7002:
6996:
6985:
6983:
6979:
6975:
6971:
6965:
6955:
6950:
6941:
6938:
6934:
6930:
6926:
6925:
6914:
6912:
6906:
6904:
6898:
6895:
6894:Lord's Prayer
6891:
6887:
6883:
6874:
6871:
6864:
6859:
6856:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6840:
6836:
6827:
6825:
6819:
6817:
6807:
6805:
6801:
6797:
6793:
6789:
6784:
6782:
6781:Pastoral Care
6778:
6773:
6771:
6767:
6762:
6760:
6756:
6752:
6748:
6744:
6740:
6736:
6731:
6729:
6722:Accommodation
6719:
6717:
6716:dulcification
6712:
6710:
6706:
6705:accommodation
6693:
6692:Anti-Barbieri
6686:
6681:
6678:
6671:
6664:
6659:
6657:
6653:
6648:
6646:
6645:Anti-Barbieri
6642:
6638:
6634:
6629:
6627:
6620:
6615:
6608:
6607:
6600:
6596:
6594:
6590:
6586:
6578:Lewis W Spitz
6574:
6566:
6557:
6555:
6551:
6547:
6543:
6531:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6509:
6504:
6502:
6498:
6494:
6489:
6487:
6483:
6479:
6475:
6471:
6467:
6463:
6459:
6455:
6445:
6443:
6433:
6424:
6422:
6416:
6414:
6410:
6402:
6399:
6396:
6393:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6381:
6378:
6375:
6374:
6373:
6370:
6358:
6352:
6341:
6337:
6332:
6330:
6326:
6312:
6311:Hyperaspistes
6306:
6301:
6293:
6292:Hyperaspistes
6287:
6285:
6278:
6275:
6274:Hyperaspistes
6270:
6268:
6267:
6261:
6259:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6243:
6239:
6235:
6231:
6224:
6218:
6201:
6197:
6195:
6194:accommodation
6189:
6185:
6180:
6178:
6173:
6169:
6168:
6160:
6158:
6157:
6151:
6147:
6141:
6137:
6133:
6132:Martin Luther
6130:Portraits of
6128:
6119:
6117:
6112:
6110:
6100:
6098:
6094:
6090:
6086:
6081:
6079:
6075:
6074:Saint Francis
6070:
6068:
6064:
6060:
6055:
6053:
6048:
6045:
6040:
6036:
6034:
6025:
6018:
6014:
6011:
6006:
6002:
6000:
5990:
5988:
5987:
5977:
5970:
5966:
5964:
5960:
5955:
5951:
5947:
5945:
5944:Protestantism
5942:, from which
5941:
5937:
5936:New Testament
5933:
5929:
5921:
5916:
5902:
5898:
5896:
5892:
5888:
5884:
5879:
5876:
5872:
5868:
5859:
5850:
5848:
5847:
5842:
5838:
5834:
5833:
5828:
5811:
5806:
5804:
5799:
5797:
5792:
5791:
5789:
5788:
5782:
5772:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5759:
5757:
5756:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5583:
5576:
5575:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5441:Chateaubriand
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5393:
5386:
5385:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5306:Gundissalinus
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5203:
5196:
5195:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5073:
5066:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5054:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5036:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5013:
5012:Scholasticism
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5002:Ressourcement
5000:
4998:
4995:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4969:
4966:
4965:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4954:
4953:
4946:
4943:
4939:
4938:Compatibilism
4936:
4934:
4931:
4930:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4884:Conceptualism
4882:
4881:
4878:
4873:
4872:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4859:Virtue ethics
4857:
4855:
4852:
4848:
4845:
4844:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4796:
4791:
4790:
4786:
4782:
4778:
4753:
4752:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4741:
4737:
4736:
4732:
4728:
4727:
4719:
4710:
4708:
4704:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4674:
4670:
4669:Martin Luther
4666:
4662:
4657:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4633:
4629:
4620:
4611:
4609:
4604:
4602:
4596:
4594:
4590:
4586:
4582:
4572:
4569:
4555:
4548:
4544:
4542:
4537:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4506:
4501:
4489:
4484:
4482:
4477:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4458:
4454:
4452:
4448:
4447:New Testament
4444:
4443:
4438:
4434:
4430:
4420:
4416:
4414:
4409:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4385:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4374:
4369:
4365:
4360:
4357:
4353:
4348:
4346:
4342:
4340:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4324:
4316:
4306:
4303:
4298:
4288:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4234:
4230:
4229:
4226:
4222:
4207:
4206:
4201:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4186:
4185:
4184:
4177:
4173:
4170:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4153:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4145:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4128:
4122:
4113:
4111:
4101:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4087:
4083:
4082:Basel Minster
4078:
4076:
4071:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4044:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4019:
4018:Basel Minster
4014:
4005:
4003:
3999:
3998:incommunicado
3995:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3974:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3959:Margaret Pole
3955:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3928:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3917:Pieter Gillis
3913:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3882:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3843:
3839:
3832:
3828:
3819:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3808:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3785:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3759:
3756:
3751:
3747:
3746:carbunculosis
3740:
3736:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3717:
3715:
3705:
3704:theologians.
3703:
3699:
3695:
3694:Jan de Bakker
3691:
3686:
3683:
3679:
3670:
3666:
3664:
3660:
3655:
3653:
3649:
3648:
3643:
3639:
3634:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3621:(rather than
3620:
3616:
3612:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3596:Johann Froben
3593:
3589:
3581:
3580:fr:Claude Luc
3577:
3572:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3548:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3497:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3449:
3445:
3443:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3396:New Testament
3392:
3390:
3386:
3385:vicar general
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3369:Pieter Gillis
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3305:
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2802:Robert Gaguin
2799:
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2782:Robert Fisher
2779:
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2763:French circle
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2680:John Longland
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2631:Thomas Lupset
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2627:Henry Bullock
2624:
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2596:
2590:
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2577:Scholasticism
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2554:Jan Standonck
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2018:
2014:
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1992:
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1980:
1936:
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1924:
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1895:
1889:
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1833:Stein, Gouda
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1576:
1575:Life timeline
1339:Dispensations
1289:
1287:
1283:
1279:
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1267:
1263:
1258:
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1220:Pieter Gillis
1217:
1213:
1209:
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1197:
1193:
1189:
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1177:
1173:
1167:
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1127:
1126:Canon Regular
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1081:
1079:
1078:Quartan fever
1075:
1071:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1041:
1037:
1033:
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1025:
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1019:
1017:
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984:
979:
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912:
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897:
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892:
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869:Martin Luther
866:
862:
858:
857:
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845:
844:
839:
838:
833:
832:
827:
826:
821:
820:
815:
814:
809:
805:
801:
797:
796:New Testament
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
729:
721:
720:
703:
635:
626:
622:
619:25 April 1492
618:
614:
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500:Martin Luther
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472:accommodation
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441:Notable ideas
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381:Notable works
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195:
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188:
186:
183:
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141:New Testament
139:
135:
131:
127:
122:
112:
108:
103:
99:
88:
84:
80:
76:
75:
69:
64:
57:
52:
49:
46:
40:
33:
19:
27065:1460s births
26999:Peter Kreeft
26947:21st century
26938:Henri Nouwen
26848:Jean Guitton
26828:Fulton Sheen
26756:20th century
26657:Jaime Balmes
26615:19th century
26436:Luis de León
26375:
26317:Geert Groote
26304:
26121:Peter Damian
25960:John Cassian
25900:Nestorianism
25822:
25805:
25798:
25781:
25759:Early Church
25576:Neoplatonism
25498:Ressentiment
25493:Quinque viae
25458:Memento mori
25418:Double truth
25363:Actus primus
25221:
25129:Philosophers
25036:Cartesianism
24719:
24709:
24699:
24689:
24679:
24669:
24659:
24649:
24639:
24629:
24619:
24609:
24599:
24589:
24579:
24569:
23989:Guicciardini
23983:
23972:Early modern
23808:Philosophers
23782:Conservatism
23777:Confucianism
23765:Distributism
23698:Social norms
23686:Sittlichkeit
23672:Ressentiment
23618:Institutions
23596:Human nature
23430:
23249:Martin Lings
23202:Emil Brunner
23192:Paul Tillich
23182:Martin Buber
23097:W K Clifford
23074:Afrikan Spir
22989:Thomas Chubb
22941:Early modern
22921:Adi Shankara
22834:Philosophers
22818:Natural evil
22734:
22710:Spiritualism
22685:Perennialism
22638:Metaphysical
22482:Antireligion
22357:Teleological
22280:Cosmological
22231:Baháʼí Faith
22196:Christianity
22155:Personal god
21986:
21939:Luther and I
21938:
21930:
21922:
21914:
21906:
21898:
21890:
21882:
21874:
21825:Lutherstädte
21803:Luther sites
21759:Justus Jonas
21733:
21675:
21665:Antisemitism
21625:Two kingdoms
21617:
21610:
21573:
21560:
21500:
21492:
21461:
21451:
21443:
21435:
21421:
21413:
21405:
21397:
21389:
21381:
21373:
21365:
21357:
21349:
21341:
21338:(1522, 1534)
21335:Luther Bible
21333:
21325:
21317:
21309:
21301:
21293:
21285:
21265:Bibliography
21178:
21159:
21145:
21139:Translations
21117:
21109:
21103:Ciceronianus
21101:
21093:
21085:
21077:
21069:
21061:
21053:
21045:
21037:
21029:
21002:
20954:Christianity
20917:
20908:
20895:
20881:Melvyn Bragg
20781:
20771:
20759:
20736:Online books
20729:
20712:Online books
20702:
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20646:
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20624:
20611:
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20234:
20226:
20208:
20181:. Retrieved
20161:
20157:
20147:
20139:
20138:John Twigg,
20134:
20125:
20116:
20107:
20098:
20084:
20072:. Retrieved
20050:
20041:
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20014:
20005:
19996:
19987:
19978:
19969:
19961:First Things
19960:
19950:
19938:. Retrieved
19935:First Things
19934:
19925:
19913:. Retrieved
19908:
19899:
19887:. Retrieved
19883:
19873:
19864:
19852:. Retrieved
19848:
19839:
19829:
19822:
19810:. Retrieved
19803:
19794:
19753:
19749:
19724:. Retrieved
19717:
19696:
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19681:
19658:
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19553:Rheumatology
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19184:. Retrieved
19175:
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19098:
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19088:
19061:
19055:
19043:. Retrieved
19010:
19006:
18996:
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18983:
18971:. Retrieved
18969:(2): 367–390
18966:
18962:
18940:
18931:
18919:. Retrieved
18910:
18906:
18881:. Retrieved
18872:
18862:
18850:. Retrieved
18830:
18821:
18813:
18801:. Retrieved
18788:
18781:
18764:
18758:
18744:(1): 70–88.
18741:
18737:
18730:
18713:
18709:
18699:
18671:
18665:
18638:
18632:
18620:. Retrieved
18611:
18606:Koch, Kurt.
18601:
18581:
18574:
18564:
18557:
18532:
18528:
18522:
18510:. Retrieved
18485:
18481:
18454:(1): 53–70.
18451:
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18013:
18004:
17994:
17982:. Retrieved
17970:
17957:
17945:. Retrieved
17936:
17909:
17905:
17899:
17887:. Retrieved
17878:
17868:
17856:. Retrieved
17823:
17819:
17809:
17782:
17757:. Retrieved
17748:
17738:
17726:. Retrieved
17721:
17708:
17696:. Retrieved
17686:
17679:
17667:. Retrieved
17652:
17635:
17631:
17625:
17613:. Retrieved
17585:
17550:
17546:
17540:
17528:. Retrieved
17523:
17510:
17485:
17481:
17475:
17458:
17454:
17447:
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17387:
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17372:
17358:
17353:
17341:. Retrieved
17324:
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17104:. Retrieved
17100:
17090:
17077:
17070:
17058:. Retrieved
17049:
17039:
17022:
16993:
16984:
16970:(1): 22–54.
16967:
16963:
16957:
16938:
16934:
16924:
16912:. Retrieved
16903:
16894:
16885:
16873:. Retrieved
16832:
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16661:. Retrieved
16649:
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16584:. Retrieved
16575:
16565:
16553:. Retrieved
16526:
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16394:
16390:
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16358:. Retrieved
16330:
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16289:
16277:. Retrieved
16236:
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16199:
16172:
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16154:. Retrieved
16149:
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16128:. Retrieved
16118:
16112:
16089:. Retrieved
16061:
16057:
16044:
16032:. Retrieved
16012:
15991:
15987:
15977:
15965:. Retrieved
15956:
15946:
15937:
15933:
15927:
15915:. Retrieved
15898:
15894:
15884:
15875:
15869:
15860:
15851:
15839:. Retrieved
15833:
15826:
15811:
15806:
15794:. Retrieved
15785:
15781:
15754:. Retrieved
15749:
15745:
15735:
15729:. p. 2.
15725:
15718:
15706:. Retrieved
15691:
15684:
15672:. Retrieved
15650:(1): 67–85.
15647:
15643:
15633:
15621:. Retrieved
15612:
15602:
15575:
15569:
15557:. Retrieved
15548:
15520:
15513:
15501:. Retrieved
15498:First Things
15497:
15487:
15475:. Retrieved
15466:
15456:
15444:. Retrieved
15422:(1): 27–42.
15419:
15415:
15390:. Retrieved
15382:Google Books
15381:
15371:
15359:. Retrieved
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15332:
15327:
15300:
15294:
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15265:
15255:
15228:
15207:. Retrieved
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15145:
15120:
15116:
15080:
15076:
15051:. Retrieved
15034:(jg): 5–32.
15031:
15027:
15017:
15003:(1): 64–66.
15000:
14996:
14989:
14977:. Retrieved
14957:
14953:
14943:
14931:. Retrieved
14906:
14902:
14890:
14863:
14857:
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14836:
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14818:. Retrieved
14793:
14789:
14779:
14767:. Retrieved
14758:
14754:
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14683:
14677:
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14642:
14638:
14617:. Retrieved
14608:
14599:
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14567:
14557:
14545:. Retrieved
14536:
14527:
14515:. Retrieved
14497:
14490:
14463:
14445:
14424:. Retrieved
14414:
14386:
14364:. Retrieved
14331:
14327:
14317:
14303:(1): 69–83.
14300:
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14211:
14204:
14169:
14123:
14116:
14101:. Retrieved
14091:
14078:. Retrieved
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14057:
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14022:
13997:
13993:
13964:. Retrieved
13955:
13945:
13933:. Retrieved
13921:
13917:
13892:
13886:
13859:
13827:(1): 22–49.
13824:
13820:
13795:. Retrieved
13786:
13777:
13750:
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13736:
13727:. Retrieved
13718:
13709:
13701:
13696:
13672:
13665:
13643:(1): 53–69.
13640:
13636:
13607:. Retrieved
13593:
13581:. Retrieved
13543:(4): 77–89.
13540:
13536:
13526:
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13468:
13456:. Retrieved
13441:
13402:
13392:
13380:. Retrieved
13358:
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13329:. Retrieved
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13293:
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13258:. Retrieved
13253:
13243:
13231:. Retrieved
13198:
13194:
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13172:. Retrieved
13168:the original
13163:
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13139:. Retrieved
13122:
13081:
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13063:
13053:
13041:. Retrieved
13032:
13023:
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13005:
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12984:. Retrieved
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12953:. Retrieved
12944:
12919:. Retrieved
12909:
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12890:. Retrieved
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12835:. Retrieved
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12709:
12703:(11): 722–46
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12594:. Retrieved
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12524:. Retrieved
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12118:. Retrieved
12092:
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12073:. Retrieved
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12016:. Retrieved
12007:
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11979:
11973:
11961:. Retrieved
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11789:. Retrieved
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11699:. Retrieved
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11643:
11634:
11630:
11620:
11601:
11595:
11585:
11538:
11534:
11524:
11512:. Retrieved
11503:
11499:
11492:
11459:
11455:
11421:
11403:
11383:
11371:. Retrieved
11362:
11352:
11326:. Retrieved
11300:
11293:
11285:
11280:
11268:. Retrieved
11259:
11250:
11238:. Retrieved
11205:
11201:
11191:
11166:
11162:
11152:
11138:
11133:
11121:. Retrieved
11107:
11079:
11031:
11013:
10984:
10978:
10966:. Retrieved
10953:
10926:. Retrieved
10901:
10897:
10857:
10838:
10833:
10824:
10820:
10814:
10779:
10775:
10727:
10721:
10704:
10666:
10650:
10638:. Retrieved
10629:
10617:
10596:
10587:
10570:
10561:
10556:
10539:
10529:
10522:Ecclesiastes
10521:
10516:
10506:
10497:
10475:(1): 80–88.
10472:
10468:
10461:
10453:
10449:
10445:
10429:
10424:
10415:
10410:
10399:
10390:
10380:
10367:
10342:
10338:
10331:
10322:
10313:
10301:. Retrieved
10275:
10267:
10246:
10236:
10228:
10223:
10215:
10198:
10181:
10170:
10159:
10155:
10151:
10147:
10143:
10138:
10126:. Retrieved
10110:
10102:
10079:(1): 80–88.
10076:
10072:
10067:
10063:
10058:
10045:
10037:
10032:
10019:. Retrieved
9986:
9982:
9971:
9958:
9950:
9946:
9941:
9914:
9906:
9900:
9895:
9882:
9868:(1): 47–68.
9865:
9861:
9841:
9835:
9810:
9801:
9779:
9773:
9763:
9751:. Retrieved
9742:
9738:
9728:
9724:
9719:
9707:. Retrieved
9698:
9683:
9671:. Retrieved
9667:the original
9655:
9646:
9636:Aldine Press
9626:
9594:
9588:
9583:
9571:
9564:
9559:
9551:Observantist
9544:
9536:
9532:
9523:
9515:
9510:
9501:
9477:
9453:
9429:. Retrieved
9396:
9392:
9380:
9370:
9357:
9352:
9345:
9340:
9326:
9291:
9283:
9271:
9267:
9266:came from a
9254:. Retrieved
9221:
9217:
9208:Paolo Riccio
9201:
9192:
9188:
9181:
9174:
9169:
9159:
9148:
9143:
9134:
9121:
9108:. Retrieved
9083:
9079:
9060:
9051:
9042:
9033:
9028:
9018:
9008:
8973:
8967:
8954:
8942:. Retrieved
8925:
8921:
8909:
8902:
8895:
8885:
8881:
8873:
8869:
8865:
8861:
8856:
8844:. Retrieved
8835:
8824:
8817:appropriated
8808:
8804:
8803:Ron, Nathan
8800:
8796:
8791:
8755:
8751:
8733:
8727:
8719:
8713:
8706:Exomologesis
8705:
8700:
8693:modern terms
8687:
8654:
8650:
8639:
8625:
8608:
8604:
8593:
8581:
8571:
8563:
8559:
8556:
8551:
8543:
8538:
8529:
8515:
8506:
8497:
8488:
8463:
8455:
8446:
8436:
8410:
8397:
8388:
8367:
8355:. Retrieved
8346:
8334:
8326:
8318:
8309:
8300:
8293:
8274:
8262:
8252:
8225:
8222:Augustiniana
8221:
8206:
8196:
8187:
8178:
8169:
8164:
8155:
8146:
8137:
8133:
8126:
8118:
8102:
8088:(1): 39–46.
8085:
8081:
8074:
8066:
8060:
8051:
8041:
8024:
8016:
7994:
7975:
7961:
7956:
7946:
7932:
7931:(in Dutch).
7928:
7915:
7906:
7880:
7872:
7865:
7861:
7855:
7847:
7839:
7821:
7813:
7808:
7796:. Retrieved
7787:
7776:
7763:
7749:
7745:
7733:
7729:
7720:
7706:
7692:Erasmus Hall
7652:headquarters
7626:
7612:
7541:
7475:Hans Holbein
7469:
7425:memento mori
7423:
7415:
7407:
7405:
7394:
7348:
7332:
7328:
7317:
7305:
7287:
7278:St Augustine
7268:Momento mori
7265:
7243:
7235:
7228:
7224:St Genevieve
7217:
7204:
7194:
7186:
7180:
7173:
7142:
7136:
7130:
7128:
7113:
7099:
7079:commonplaces
7074:
7070:
7067:
7054:
7052:
7048:
7024:
7016:
7013:
7009:
7006:
7000:
6997:
6993:
6989:Louis Bouyer
6981:
6977:
6976:; then, the
6973:
6969:
6967:
6963:
6952:
6947:
6922:
6920:
6910:
6907:
6902:
6899:
6879:
6869:
6861:
6854:
6850:
6845:
6843:
6838:
6834:
6833:
6823:
6820:
6815:
6813:
6792:Thomas Bolyn
6785:
6780:
6777:apte diecere
6776:
6774:
6763:
6758:
6754:
6746:
6734:
6732:
6725:
6715:
6713:
6708:
6702:
6691:
6683:
6679:
6675:
6669:
6661:
6655:
6651:
6649:
6644:
6640:
6636:
6630:
6625:
6623:
6618:
6612:
6604:
6598:
6582:
6572:
6553:
6552:then in the
6549:
6545:
6539:
6528:
6524:
6519:
6517:
6506:
6490:
6486:Epicureanism
6451:
6438:
6417:
6406:
6400:
6391:
6389:Martin Bucer
6379:
6371:
6367:
6356:
6343:
6339:
6334:
6324:
6322:
6310:
6303:
6298:
6291:
6283:
6280:
6273:
6271:
6264:
6262:
6249:On Free Will
6248:
6246:
6242:On Free Will
6241:
6237:
6233:
6226:
6199:
6190:
6187:
6182:
6174:
6161:
6154:
6152:
6148:
6144:
6113:
6106:
6082:
6071:
6066:
6062:
6056:
6049:
6043:
6041:
6037:
6029:
6023:
6015:
6012:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5996:
5984:
5982:
5975:
5968:
5956:
5952:
5948:
5932:pathbreaking
5925:
5919:
5899:
5880:
5875:Œcolampadius
5873:, headed by
5864:
5846:Ecclesiastes
5844:
5840:
5830:
5824:
5681:John Paul II
5606:Benedict XVI
5579:Contemporary
5455:
5059:Philosophers
4980:Cartesianism
4923:Quinque Viae
4716:
4700:
4684:
4681:
4676:
4659:Erasmus was
4658:
4643:
4637:
4632:antisemitism
4625:
4605:
4600:
4597:
4592:
4578:
4565:
4553:
4546:
4538:
4522:fr:Noël Béda
4518:
4503:
4497:
4486:
4478:
4469:
4463:
4440:
4432:
4429:On Free Will
4426:
4417:
4410:
4402:Maximilian I
4386:
4381:
4372:
4367:
4361:
4349:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4321:
4318:
4299:
4296:
4285:
4281:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4257:De Concordia
4256:
4242:
4232:
4227:
4220:
4218:
4203:
4181:
4175:
4158:
4155:challenging.
4143:
4135:
4123:
4119:
4107:
4090:
4086:requiem Mass
4079:
4072:
4045:
4041:Ecclesiastes
4037:Œcolampadius
4022:
3997:
3975:
3956:
3951:
3929:
3914:
3883:
3853:
3847:
3815:
3811:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3790:Thomas Bolyn
3786:
3778:Ecclesiastes
3777:
3773:
3771:
3760:
3754:
3745:
3743:
3718:
3714:Œcolampadius
3711:
3687:
3675:
3656:
3651:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3610:
3608:
3585:
3555:
3551:Œcolampadius
3546:
3545:
3522:Johann Faber
3496:Swiss circle
3495:
3485:
3466:
3439:
3416:
3403:
3399:
3393:
3365:
3333:
3323:
3313:
3310:(Egmondanus)
3291:
3290:
3275:Dirk Martens
3248:
3230:
3217:
3202:
3183:
3178:
3168:
3156:
3134:undersheriff
3129:
3127:
3117:
3114:
3103:
3087:Aldine Press
3084:
3079:
3072:Aldine Press
3045:
3039:
3030:
3020:
3018:
3011:
2985:
2972:
2971:
2932:Pietro Bembo
2909:
2894:
2887:
2861:
2850:
2837:
2829:
2827:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2798:Hector Boece
2762:
2751:
2735:fast friends
2732:
2729:
2710:
2699:
2696:
2663:
2662:
2635:Richard Foxe
2611:William Lily
2588:
2570:
2540:
2473:canonry (to
2468:
1574:
1281:
1266:dispensation
1259:
1255:
1243:
1236:
1216:Peter Vannes
1188:Richard Pace
1180:Pietro Bembo
1165:
1144:
1138:
1131:
1113:
1108:, very near
1103:
1062:
1054:
1044:
1013:
1002:Lebuïnuskerk
995:
991:
980:
970:
968:
955:
951:
925:
907:Black Forest
890:
854:
851:reformations
848:
841:
835:
829:
823:
817:
813:On Free Will
811:
778:style. As a
773:
736:
732:
633:
632:
600:Christianity
476:
465:Critique of
453:
447:
431:On Free Will
429:
422:
415:
408:
401:
394:
387:
336:
304:Institutions
235:Jean Vitrier
115:(1536-07-12)
113:12 July 1536
72:
56:The Reverend
48:
27070:1536 deaths
27009:Tomáš Halík
26933:Jean Vanier
26918:René Girard
26903:Alfred Delp
26868:Yves Congar
26863:Karl Rahner
26838:Dorothy Day
26823:Edith Stein
26793:Ronald Knox
26391:John Fisher
26386:Thomas More
26363:Reformation
26255:Duns Scotus
26250:Ramon Llull
26243:and reforms
26231:Roger Bacon
26196:Bonaventure
26106:Roscellinus
25895:Pelagianism
25866:Constantine
25689:Key figures
25596:Rationalism
25591:Renaissance
25523:Augustinian
25408:Disputation
25403:Differentia
25368:Actus purus
25272:Malebranche
25187:Bonaventure
24922:Personalism
24917:Natural law
24912:Probabilism
24776:Historicism
24605:(1835–1840)
24571:De Officiis
24295:de Beauvoir
24265:Baudrillard
24217:Vivekananda
24207:Tocqueville
24122:Kierkegaard
23938:Ibn Khaldun
23908:Alpharabius
23799:Personalism
23708:Stewardship
23665:Reification
23660:Natural law
23581:Familialism
23547:Culturalism
23269:Antony Flew
23254:Peter Geach
23187:René Guénon
23134:Lev Shestov
23129:Rudolf Otto
22836:of religion
22675:Panentheism
22608:Inclusivism
22527:Exclusivism
22522:Esotericism
22492:Creationism
22472:Agnosticism
22440:Poor design
22435:Omnipotence
22362:Natural law
22337:Ontological
22290:Contingency
22140:Holy Spirit
21982:Luther rose
21941:(2017 film)
21933:(2003 film)
21925:(1983 film)
21917:(1974 film)
21909:(1964 film)
21901:(1961 play)
21893:(1953 film)
21885:(1928 film)
21877:(1923 film)
21867:and theatre
21739:Georg Rörer
21716:Paul Luther
21545:Lutheranism
21540:Reformation
21082:(1517–1524)
20966:Catholicism
20889:Eamon Duffy
20809:Non-English
20566:Non-English
20349:in series,
20200:Biographies
20051:Irish Rover
19827:Papy, Jan.
19756:: 200–227.
19591:Rijksmuseum
19064:: 225–344.
19045:22 December
18873:Aquinas 101
18852:20 December
18236:(6): 1535.
17912:(1): 5–34.
17698:21 December
17236:Opera Omnia
16663:13 December
16555:10 November
16483:: 157–228.
15796:25 December
15756:16 December
15503:27 November
15467:Wikisources
15361:28 November
15345:Dart, Ron.
15303:: 181–200.
15231:: 316–348.
15083:: 492–506.
14820:19 December
14796:(2): 3–36.
14690:: 241–258.
14645:(1): 1–24.
13787:altbasel.ch
13405:: 179–208.
13260:21 December
13201:(1): 2–12.
13084:(1): 9–13.
12921:17 December
12619:: 445–464.
12368:26 November
11791:13 December
11541:: 244–272.
11400:Galli, Mark
11373:13 December
11240:13 December
10968:10 February
10904:(1): 7–25.
10438:Bonaventure
10373:Duns Scotus
10339:Reformation
10303:23 February
10182:John Wyclif
10174:Similar to
10160:philosophia
10148:philosophia
10066:, Erasmus,
10064:Enchiridion
10051:Jean Gerson
10027:pp. 402-404
9888:Machiavelli
9431:25 December
9399:: 110–133.
9333:blood libel
9086:: 163–251.
8976:: 479–713.
8866:Enchiridion
8773:1874/348917
8357:29 December
8327:Ciceronians
8228:: 567–628.
7750:Roterodamus
7684:Netherlands
7563:within the
7355:signet ring
7284:, Amsterdam
7282:Rijksmuseum
7264:Visitation
7179:W.S. Lily,
7063:Thomas More
7018:appeared."
6937:syllogistic
6933:dialectical
6884:, with the
6851:Enchiridion
6816:inverbation
6810:Inverbation
6788:Thomas More
6739:incarnation
6728:hermeneutic
6685:different."
6652:Enchiridion
6589:Scholastics
6550:Enchiridion
6456:(duality),
6409:Melanchthon
6382:(1523) see
6351:Epicureans.
6134:(left) and
6085:Franciscans
6078:Benedictine
5999:Enchiridion
5883:new edition
5496:Malebranche
5356:Roscellinus
5301:Grosseteste
5261:Bonaventure
5081:Athenagoras
4877:Metaphysics
4837:Personalism
4832:Natural law
4827:Probabilism
4703:Hellenistic
4661:anti-Judaic
4652:during the
4608:antisemitic
4568:Christendom
4390:Thomas More
4347:'s Greek.)
4169:John Fisher
3936:John Fisher
3932:Thomas More
3919:; in 1534,
3902:Clement VII
3881:from them.
3774:magnum opus
3663:Roman Curia
3652:Paraphrases
3642:Adnotations
3638:Annotations
3623:blackletter
3477:Thomas More
3373:Thomas More
3360:Thomas More
3263:Martin Dorp
3190:John Fisher
3048:) from the
2998:Clement VII
2977:Alberto Pío
2890:Thomas More
2876:Erasmus by
2862:Panegyricus
2838:Enchiridion
2818:Thomas Grey
2810:: Noël Béda
2794:Thomas Grey
2747:John Morton
2743:Jean Gerson
2739:Thomas More
2725:Scholastics
2676:John Fisher
2595:Thomas More
2562:Renaissance
2489:plague (to
2196:Strasbourg
1606:Walsingham
1388:Netherlands
1286:Clement VII
1072:canonry in
1070:Augustinian
1053:: Erasmus'
1049:run by the
959:Zevenbergen
881:middle-road
873:John Calvin
798:and of the
782:developing
765:vast number
761:philosopher
715:-ee-əs irr-
525:John Calvin
495:Thomas More
239:John Fisher
27054:Categories
27019:Scott Hahn
26396:Johann Eck
26048:Iconoclasm
25980:Pope Leo I
25840:Tertullian
25601:Empiricism
25423:Evil demon
25197:Chesterton
25074:Nominalism
25061:Universals
24902:Just price
24781:Humanities
24741:Agnotology
24400:Kołakowski
23963:Ibn Tufayl
23943:Maimonides
23887:Thucydides
23882:Tertullian
23837:Lactantius
23732:Volksgeist
23713:Traditions
23527:Convention
23239:J L Mackie
23197:Karl Barth
22994:David Hume
22916:Maimonides
22901:Heraclitus
22690:Polytheism
22660:Nondualism
22648:Humanistic
22633:Naturalism
22623:Monotheism
22581:Henotheism
22576:Gnosticism
22507:Demonology
22390:747 gambit
22307:Experience
22145:Misotheism
21820:Lutherhaus
21779:Pope Leo X
21711:(daughter)
21533:and events
21462:Table Talk
21087:Colloquies
20730:By Erasmus
20270:0413753301
20218:0802071775
20033:www.eur.nl
19997:www.eur.nl
19854:15 January
19849:www.rct.uk
19207:The Monist
18991:2000, 343.
17858:17 January
17669:2 December
17200:, Book I,
17106:24 October
16688:it.cgu.edu
16586:19 January
16279:24 October
16097:Reviewed:
15559:2 December
14960:(jg): 57.
14895:quoted in
14873:0754630196
13918:Dominicana
13376:10454/5003
13331:12 January
13043:3 December
12892:16 January
12326:30 October
12238:required.)
12018:2 December
11727:0750914068
10837:Huizinga,
10610:References
10164:Karl Barth
10156:christiana
10152:christiana
10111:Paraclesis
10021:25 October
9947:Paraclesis
9753:20 October
9673:3 December
9116:p. 173,174
9110:1 November
8907:scholastic
8347:Pro Europa
7935:: 187–210.
7886:Cistercian
7832:Oratorians
7746:Desiderius
7703:Exhumation
7648:Luxembourg
7239:the plague
7043:See also:
6890:Beatitudes
6804:pacificism
6772:himself."
6735:vice versa
6641:Paraclesis
6501:Scepticism
6493:Ciceronian
6462:asceticism
6305:Scripture.
6116:John Colet
6024:Colloquies
5853:Sacraments
5837:Last Rites
5827:sacraments
5676:Hildebrand
5616:Chesterton
5481:La Mennais
5411:Bellarmine
5406:Azpilcueta
5351:Paschasius
5231:Autrecourt
5186:Tertullian
5146:Chrysostom
5086:Athanasius
4968:Victorines
4899:Nominalism
4807:Just price
4481:pacificism
4313:See also:
4249:Pacificism
4075:last rites
3944:Henry VIII
3682:Anabaptist
3619:Roman type
3457:Henry VIII
3326:University
3300:Edward Lee
3055:per saltum
2774:Josse Bade
2717:John Colet
2706:Henry VIII
2599:John Colet
2558:Scholastic
1892:Rotterdam
1734:Canterbury
1278:Pope Leo X
1264:granted a
1096:(1950) in
1094:Hildo Krop
922:Early life
749:theologian
488:Influenced
352:Patristics
231:John Colet
204:Influences
157:Charles V.
145:pacificism
43:See also:
37:See also:
26923:Hans Küng
26712:Léon Bloy
26702:Modernism
26555:Jansenism
26241:Mysticism
25835:Montanism
25566:Platonism
25540:Univocity
25438:Haecceity
25317:Ratzinger
25282:Montaigne
25262:MacIntyre
25217:Dionysius
25212:Descartes
25172:Augustine
25026:Salamanca
24821:Sociology
24771:Historism
24480:Santayana
24450:Oakeshott
24420:MacIntyre
24405:Kropotkin
24380:Heidegger
24233:centuries
24147:Nietzsche
24112:Jefferson
24097:Helvétius
24062:Condorcet
24025:centuries
24009:Montaigne
23832:Confucius
23822:Augustine
23739:Worldview
23633:Modernity
23606:Formation
23339:Loyal Rue
23064:Karl Marx
22886:Gaudapada
22715:Shamanism
22680:Pantheism
22665:Nontheism
22643:Religious
22628:Mysticism
22601:Christian
22591:Religious
22542:Atheistic
22537:Christian
22420:Nonbelief
22405:Free will
22221:Mormonism
22045:Afterlife
21695:(parents)
21612:Sola fide
21460:Luther's
20832:catalogue
20683:163450283
20667:0034-4338
20323:. Wiley.
20178:1874-9275
20074:1 October
19940:1 October
19880:"Erasmus"
19812:9 January
19786:192267401
19770:0075-4390
19726:9 January
19646:2212-8956
19530:0315-162X
19373:0034-4338
19318:0007-5140
19279:0007-5140
19227:0026-9662
19176:issuu.com
19115:191473158
19027:1871-241X
18641:: 21–53.
18549:171963677
18494:0143-781X
18359:0013-2586
18242:0017-8322
18207:Erasmus,
18050:241298542
17889:25 August
17840:0022-5037
17785:: 44–52.
17615:11 August
17567:243905013
17502:182939353
17423:: 45–67.
17333:1523-5734
17219:See also
16865:162208956
16849:0009-6407
16794:170458328
16778:0009-6407
16452:241298542
16411:170334683
16370:cite book
16360:1 January
16269:164160751
16253:0034-4338
16208:: 50–70.
16078:200062225
15940:(3): 385.
15901:(1): 12.
15746:The Kabod
15461:Erasmus.
15436:143485311
15331:Erasmus,
15278:0333-9068
15272:: 85–93.
15191:0039-3495
15137:144925414
15048:163790714
14974:171005154
14923:171963677
14802:0032-2970
14712:166213471
14426:4 January
14348:0018-2176
14277:240920541
14196:240975375
14150:240975375
14006:0003-049X
13841:171933331
13797:8 January
13649:0043-0439
13583:31 August
13573:166057335
13557:0361-0160
13215:0028-2030
12955:7 January
12776:1513-1542
12732:239956783
12582:"Erasmus"
12568:248601520
12508:0013-8266
12444:0047-8105
12401:0009-8353
12308:0018-2648
12171:240246657
12163:1874-9275
11914:165911603
11894:Quaerendo
11547:0044-8745
11514:5 January
11484:163219853
11222:0027-4631
11175:0363-3276
10910:0006-1999
10806:203519815
10549:Galatians
10489:171469828
10359:171463846
10260:analogous
10216:ad-fontes
10128:11 August
10093:171469828
10003:0022-5037
9832:Epicurean
9828:Aristotle
9463:reformers
9413:0081-8658
9301:scelerato
9284:conversos
9268:conversos
9230:0007-5140
9195:(3): 377.
9164:pp. 97,98
9127:Charles V
9092:0066-6785
9000:198585078
8874:conversos
8862:conversos
8795:Erasmus,
8734:leitmotiv
8671:0028-4289
8611:(1): 30.
8373:Andrelini
8343:"Erasmus"
8323:Sepúlveda
8284:10443/596
8234:0004-8003
8082:Quaerendo
7903:Victorine
7897:Augustine
7677:Cambridge
7599:Knowledge
7550:Name used
7534:Ken Bones
7510:In 1622,
7490:engraving
7448:, Germany
7446:Nuremberg
7406:He chose
7363:carnelian
7274:St Jerome
7023:Erasmus,
6766:chameleon
6690:Erasmus,
6668:Erasmus,
6585:Aristotle
6546:Symposium
6497:Cartesian
6482:Isocratic
6474:Epicurean
6470:adiaphora
6454:Platonist
6448:Classical
6284:Assertion
6258:monergism
6254:synergism
6172:purpose.
6109:95 Theses
5974:Erasmus,
5867:Eucharist
5839:(writing
5696:MacIntyre
5656:Gutiérrez
5626:Copleston
5596:Balthasar
5451:Descartes
5311:Hildegard
5296:Gregory I
5271:Catherine
5221:Alexander
5171:Dionysius
5091:Augustine
5044:Salamanca
4918:Haecceity
4822:Casuistry
4675:. In his
4562:Outsiders
4552:Erasmus,
4530:Donatists
4526:Augustine
4479:Erasmus'
4466:ecumenism
4442:adiaphora
4331:included
4253:Irenicism
4205:conversos
4068:Lieve God
4048:dysentery
3994:Edward VI
3934:, Bishop
3912:retired.
3910:Campeggio
3685:matter).
3602:(Eramus'
3547:Opponents
3437:'s will.
3408:Charles V
3375:'s wrote
3318:Charles V
3292:Opponents
3226:Jan Łaski
3035:philology
2994:Adrian VI
2981:Sepúlveda
2973:Opponents
2936:Bombasius
2854:panegyric
2808:Opponents
2723:than the
2348:Konstanz
1758:Deventer
1329:Ordained?
1260:In 1505,
1228:Jan Łaski
928:Rotterdam
877:monergism
865:synergism
455:ad fontes
452:Biblical
342:Philology
173:Education
98:Rotterdam
26455:Molinism
26033:Ecthesis
25985:Boethius
25890:Arianism
25880:Eusebius
25830:Irenaeus
25794:Polycarp
25708:Timeline
25528:Irenaean
25518:Theodicy
25488:Quiddity
25351:Concepts
25277:Maritain
25247:Krasicki
25237:Gassendi
25227:Eriugena
25182:Boethius
25157:Anscombe
25147:Albertus
25041:Molinism
25008:Occamism
24980:Medieval
24907:Just war
24834:Category
24746:Axiology
24734:See also
24525:Voegelin
24515:Spengler
24490:Shariati
24445:Nussbaum
24430:Maritain
24390:Irigaray
24370:Habermas
24335:Foucault
24320:Durkheim
24222:Voltaire
24187:de Staël
24162:Rousseau
24087:Franklin
23948:Muhammad
23933:Gelasius
23918:Avempace
23901:Medieval
23877:Polybius
23872:Plutarch
23638:Morality
23613:Ideology
23601:Identity
23510:Concepts
23461:Category
23406:Religion
23396:Exegesis
22881:Boethius
22876:Averroes
22871:Avicenna
22853:medieval
22823:Theodicy
22670:Pandeism
22586:Humanism
22554:Thealogy
22497:Dharmism
22467:Acosmism
22459:Theology
22327:Morality
22322:Miracles
22201:Hinduism
22191:Buddhism
22150:Pandeism
22125:Demiurge
22093:Theodicy
21630:Beerwolf
21519:" (1543)
21512:" (1529)
21212:Category
20866:LibriVox
20369:(1897).
20317:(1994).
20303:(1894).
20281:(1899).
20015:ejpe.org
19915:25 April
19573:12923286
19389:11620600
19326:44443063
19287:44447526
19249:New York
19235:27900019
19180:Archived
19039:Archived
19035:26382868
18973:23 March
18921:25 April
18915:Archived
18883:23 April
18877:Archived
18843:Archived
18616:Archived
18506:Archived
18502:44797141
17984:5 August
17975:Archived
17883:Archived
17852:Archived
17759:21 April
17753:Archived
17692:Archived
17663:Archived
17609:Archived
17530:8 August
17363:Archived
17343:6 August
17337:Archived
17060:30 April
17054:Archived
16908:Archived
16869:Archived
16654:Archived
16580:Archived
16549:Archived
16354:Archived
16273:Archived
16124:Archived
16102:Archived
16082:Archived
16028:Archived
15967:27 April
15961:Archived
15911:Archived
15907:24329313
15790:Archived
15708:4 August
15668:Archived
15664:23654400
15617:Archived
15471:Archived
15440:Archived
15386:Archived
15355:Archived
15286:23529114
15203:Archived
15199:30094064
14927:Archived
14814:Archived
14810:25776600
14763:Archived
14619:30 April
14613:Archived
14541:Archived
14537:JHI Blog
14511:Archived
14420:Archived
14360:Archived
14097:Archived
14074:Archived
13960:Archived
13926:Archived
13791:Archived
13723:Archived
13657:24530877
13609:30 April
13603:Archived
13577:Archived
13458:4 August
13361:(2): 5.
13325:Archived
13227:Archived
13223:24009249
13135:Archived
13110:33487740
13037:Archived
12980:Archived
12949:Archived
12915:Archived
12886:Archived
12882:St.Pauls
12831:Archived
12799:(1911).
12596:22 April
12590:Archived
12520:Archived
12362:Archived
12320:Archived
12316:24413851
12181:9 August
12175:Archived
12111:Archived
12012:Archived
12008:ccel.org
11957:Archived
11785:Archived
11755:Archived
11701:7 August
11695:Archived
11555:48564991
11508:Archived
11367:Archived
11319:Archived
11264:Archived
11234:Archived
11183:40256471
11117:Archived
10962:Archived
10922:Archived
10918:20675524
10730:: 1–38.
10677:Archived
10659:Archived
10634:Archived
10294:Archived
10256:exegesis
10252:allegory
10119:Archived
10015:Archived
9964:Petrarch
9837:ataraxia
9747:Archived
9703:Archived
9632:Aleander
9425:Archived
9272:Judaizer
9250:Archived
9238:44447526
9104:Archived
9100:23563707
8938:Archived
8870:converso
8840:Archived
8838:. AICE.
8809:op. cit.
8782:31540853
8722:(1972)
8679:43250928
8351:Archived
8242:44992025
8111:Archived
8067:Epistles
7854:(2003).
7792:Archived
7767:Painter
7736:was his
7696:Brooklyn
7608:in 1988.
7601:in 2015.
7579:Erasmus+
7495:encomium
7386:Terminus
7371:Dionysus
7351:Terminus
7323:cacullae
7308:sarotium
7256:Clothing
7246:syphilis
7209:Personal
7198:—
7177:—
7071:De copia
7021:—
6987:—
6957:—
6892:and the
6866:—
6751:John 1:1
6688:—
6666:—
6602:—
6576:—
6533:—
6520:apatheia
6511:—
6478:ataraxia
6354:—
6313:, Book I
6308:—
6289:—
6269:(1525).
6230:campaign
6203:—
6020:—
5972:—
5711:Maritain
5686:Lonergan
5666:Guardini
5591:Anscombe
5566:Caramuel
5476:Krasicki
5471:Kołłątaj
5426:Brentano
5286:Eriugena
5251:Berengar
5199:Medieval
5151:Climacus
5131:Irenaeus
5101:Boethius
5096:Benedict
5039:Analytic
5007:Occamism
4997:Molinism
4975:Llullism
4904:Quiddity
4812:Just war
4740:a series
4738:Part of
4550:—
4491:—
4437:Sceptics
4406:Guelders
4290:—
4287:enemies.
4245:Pacifist
4236:—
4215:Pacifism
4127:pastoral
3863:Cisneros
3855:converso
3702:Sorbonne
3427:Cisneros
3334:en route
3330:literary
3235:) and a
3179:De copia
3022:en route
3006:James IV
3004:, King
3002:Paul III
2988:: Popes
2924:Aleander
2884:, Paris.
2856:for the
2531:Freiburg
2201:Bologna
2016:Orléans
2011:Louvain
1932:Cambrai
1897:St Omer
1785:Woerden
1706:Reading
1430:Freiburg
1309:Orphaned
1246:ordained
1092:Bust by
998:Deventer
915:Freiburg
806:and the
757:satirist
616:Ordained
596:Religion
254:Socrates
77:(1523),
26376:Erasmus
26226:Thomism
25965:Orosius
25940:Ambrose
25855:Cyprian
25783:Didache
25737:Vulgate
25696:General
25554:Related
25342:Wojtyła
25322:Scheler
25267:Maistre
25257:Lombard
25242:Isidore
25222:Erasmus
25202:Clement
25167:Aquinas
25137:Abelard
25003:Scotism
24998:Thomism
24972:Schools
24575:(44 BC)
24505:Sombart
24500:Skinner
24485:Scruton
24465:Polanyi
24440:Niebuhr
24425:Marcuse
24360:Gramsci
24355:Gentile
24315:Du Bois
24305:Deleuze
24275:Benoist
24245:Agamben
24202:Thoreau
24192:Stirner
24182:Spencer
24132:Le Play
24082:Fourier
24067:Emerson
24052:Carlyle
24037:Bentham
24014:Müntzer
23984:Erasmus
23958:Plethon
23953:Photios
23913:Aquinas
23847:Mencius
23815:Ancient
23748:Schools
23628:Loyalty
23586:History
23574:Counter
23569:Culture
23537:Customs
23432:more...
23165:postwar
22848:Ancient
22736:more...
22655:New Age
22596:Secular
22566:Fideism
22517:Dualism
22487:Atheism
22477:Animism
22383:Against
22226:Sikhism
22216:Judaism
22211:Jainism
22120:Brahman
22073:Miracle
21975:Related
21967:, Worms
21734:Erasmus
20928:Portals
20838:in the
20828:in the
20801:at the
20703:Erasmus
20675:1262226
20574:(1937)
20389:Erasmus
20371:Erasmus
20183:19 July
19889:7 March
19659:Kostuum
19538:3550075
19499:1877862
19490:1004472
19381:2860126
19334:6365217
19186:17 July
18803:2 March
18622:3 March
18512:3 March
18424:4173446
18389:Moreana
18367:3031577
17947:26 July
17848:2707442
17728:19 July
17724:(5): 48
17221:Erasmus
17023:Moreana
16914:21 June
16857:3162926
16786:3163951
16313:. Knox.
16261:2861633
16156:15 July
16130:15 July
16091:15 July
15917:15 July
15841:15 July
15674:19 June
15623:19 June
15477:19 June
15446:19 June
15392:19 June
15335:, 1532.
15209:7 April
15053:22 June
14979:22 June
14933:22 June
14769:21 June
14704:2540661
14103:21 June
14080:21 June
14014:3143242
13729:17 July
13678:Prestel
13565:2540011
13382:28 July
13233:23 July
13174:8 March
13141:22 June
13101:7804502
12986:8 March
12548:Moreana
12526:9 April
12424:Moreana
12409:3290377
12288:History
12226:20 July
12120:11 July
12075:23 July
11963:11 July
11761:3 March
11665:Toronto
11476:2859495
11328:20 July
11230:3085961
10993:2859872
10928:22 July
10866:3039022
10839:Erasmus
10576:Aquinas
10565:genres.
10212:Petrach
10011:2707589
9899:In the
9709:28 July
9421:2857071
9360:p. 305,
9319:kaballa
9256:28 July
9246:4584234
8944:19 June
8934:4172947
8846:15 July
8542:In the
8521:Charles
8479:Bishop
8319:Memoria
7828:Jesuits
7734:Erasmus
7688:Belgium
7654:of the
7514:cast a
7499:Apelles
7357:with a
7298:cassock
6882:Gospels
6770:Proteus
6743:Trinity
6535:Erasmus
6513:Erasmus
6458:Cynical
6256:versus
5976:Spongia
5887:Algerus
5721:Mounier
5716:McLuhan
5671:Haldane
5611:Blondel
5561:Vitoria
5536:Rosmini
5511:Mercado
5506:Meinong
5501:Mariana
5491:Maistre
5486:Liguori
5466:Gracián
5461:Fénelon
5456:Erasmus
5436:Cajetan
5421:Bossuet
5396:Arnauld
5376:Thierry
5331:Lombard
5321:Isidore
5281:Eckhart
5266:Buridan
5256:Bernard
5236:Aquinas
5206:Abelard
5166:Maximus
5141:Cassian
5111:Cyprian
5106:Clement
5076:Ambrose
5069:Ancient
5034:Thomism
5029:Scotism
4957:Schools
4908:essence
4889:Realism
4777:Aquinas
4524:) that
4223:At the
4029:Brabant
3906:Cajetan
3871:Stunica
3576:Nozeroy
3556:Patrons
3314:Patrons
3296:Latomus
3136:of the
2986:Patrons
2952:Egnazio
2814:Patrons
2664:Patrons
2551:ascetic
2545:in the
2523:Louvain
2503:Cologne
2499:Brabant
2495:England
2491:Orléans
2475:Cambrai
2386:Venice
2354:Sienna,
1686:London
1582:Travels
1509:England
1491:England
1459:England
1450:Brabant
1441:England
1416:Brabant
1409:England
1272:of his
1248:to the
1244:He was
983:Woerden
737:Erasmus
211:Gospels
196:, 1506)
26068:Alcuin
25950:Jerome
25845:Origen
25545:Utopia
25337:Suárez
25327:Scotus
25312:Rahner
25302:Pascal
25292:Newman
25232:Ficino
25162:Anselm
25152:Alcuin
25018:Modern
24884:Ethics
24766:Ethics
24725:(2010)
24715:(1991)
24705:(1990)
24695:(1987)
24685:(1987)
24675:(1979)
24665:(1976)
24655:(1967)
24645:(1964)
24635:(1949)
24625:(1935)
24615:(1930)
24595:(1756)
24585:(1486)
24530:Walzer
24520:Taylor
24510:Sowell
24495:Simmel
24460:Pareto
24455:Ortega
24365:Guénon
24350:Gehlen
24345:Gandhi
24300:Debord
24285:Butler
24280:Berlin
24270:Bauman
24260:Badiou
24250:Arendt
24240:Adorno
24172:Ruskin
24127:Le Bon
24102:Herder
24077:Fichte
24072:Engels
24042:Bonald
24032:Arnold
24004:Milton
23999:Luther
23979:Calvin
23857:Origen
23827:Cicero
23787:Social
23723:Family
23718:Values
23679:Rights
23643:Public
23591:Honour
23522:Anomie
23517:Agency
23451:Portal
22725:Theism
22618:Monism
22352:Reason
22302:Desire
22297:Degree
22265:Beauty
22179:God in
22135:Egoism
22088:Spirit
21931:Luther
21915:Luther
21907:Luther
21899:Luther
21883:Luther
21703:(wife)
21687:People
21632:(1539)
21576:, 1521
21563:, 1520
21531:Topics
21505:(1524)
21497:(1524)
21489:(1524)
21465:(1566)
21456:(1543)
21448:(1543)
21440:(1539)
21432:(1537)
21426:(1529)
21418:(1529)
21410:(1529)
21402:(1529)
21394:(1528)
21386:(1526)
21378:(1526)
21370:(1525)
21362:(1525)
21354:(1523)
21346:(1523)
21330:(1522)
21322:(1520)
21314:(1520)
21306:(1520)
21298:(1518)
21290:(1517)
21183:(1548)
21164:(1539)
21156:(1516)
21150:(1500)
21147:Adagia
21122:(1535)
21114:(1533)
21106:(1528)
21098:(1524)
21090:(1518)
21074:(1516)
21066:(1514)
21058:(1512)
21050:(1509)
21042:(1501)
21034:(1499)
20700:about
20681:
20673:
20665:
20604:
20446:
20430:Topics
20395:
20327:
20293:312661
20291:
20267:
20241:
20215:
20176:
19784:
19778:750613
19776:
19768:
19644:
19571:
19536:
19528:
19497:
19487:
19446:
19387:
19379:
19371:
19332:
19324:
19316:
19285:
19277:
19233:
19225:
19113:
19076:
19033:
19025:
18689:
18679:
18653:
18589:
18547:
18500:
18492:
18422:
18365:
18357:
18316:
18263:
18240:
18211:(1517)
18193:
18183:
18146:
18104:
18094:
18048:
18038:
17846:
17838:
17797:
17603:
17593:
17565:
17500:
17435:
17402:
17331:
17298:
17266:
17181:
17157:
17000:
16875:23 May
16863:
16855:
16847:
16792:
16784:
16776:
16652:(18).
16609:
16578:(94).
16541:
16495:
16450:
16440:
16409:
16346:
16267:
16259:
16251:
16187:
16152:. AICE
16076:
16034:23 May
16020:
15905:
15818:
15699:
15662:
15590:
15538:
15528:
15434:
15315:
15284:
15276:
15243:
15197:
15189:
15135:
15095:
15046:
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