34:
218:, though the legislation also paved the way for the UK's entry to the European Community, helping to bring it towards conformity with Article 119 of the Treaty of Rome, which says that 'each Member State shall ensure that the principle of equal pay for male and female workers for equal work or work of equal value is applied.'. The Act came into force on 29 December 1975. The term
276:. Single Status was intended to establish whether jobs were of equal value, and bring in a pay model which would remove the need for equal pay claims. Jobs which had previously been classed as manual or administrative/clerical would be brought together under one pay scale and one set of terms and conditions.
206:
resolving 'its support for the principles of equality of treatment and opportunity for women workers in industry, and calls upon the
General Council to request the government to implement the promise of 'the right to equal pay for equal work' as set out in the Labour Party election manifesto'.
878:, on the equal treatment of men and women in employment regarding the definitions of direct and indirect discrimination, harassment and provisions on maternity. It comes fully into effect in August 2008, and just does a consolidating job and repeals a number of previous Directives, including
259:
Once the employee has established that they are employed on 'equal work' with their comparator then they are entitled to 'equal pay' unless the employer proves that the difference in pay is genuinely due to a material factor which is not the difference in gender.
485:, in which the Supreme Court said that employees can claim equal pay up to six years after leaving their job. Leading legal experts have suggested that this could open the floodgates of litigation, with the public sector bearing the brunt of the impact.
222:
is interpreted in a broad sense to include, on top of wages, things like holidays, pension rights, company perks and some kinds of bonuses. The legislation has been amended on a number of recent occasions to incorporate a simplified approach under
213:
says polls in 1968–69 showed public opinion was moving strongly in favour of equal pay for equal work; nearly three-quarters of those polled favoured the principle. A trigger cause for the introduction of the legislation was the
461:
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467:
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182:
that prohibited any less favourable treatment between men and women in terms of pay and conditions of employment. The act was proposed by the then Labour government, and was based on the
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393:
230:
In 1978, despite the passage of legislation to promote equal pay, women's relative position in the UK was still worse than in Italy, France, Germany, or the
Benelux countries in 1972.
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838:
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329:
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61:
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that is common to all member states. The 1970 Act only dealt with equal pay for the same work but in 1975 the EU directive on Equal Pay was passed based on article 119.
353:
337:
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1 WLR 549, the work may be rated as equivalent under EqPA s 1(5) through a job evaluation scheme which is 'thorough in analysis and capable of impartial application'
616:
781:
Deakin, Simon, et al. "Are litigation and collective bargaining complements or substitutes for achieving gender equality? A study of the
British Equal Pay Act."
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313:
345:
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The implementation of Single Status in local government led to many claims being brought by employees as they sought compensation for past pay disparity.
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That the work done by the claimant is of equal value (in terms of effort, skill, decision and similar demands) to that of the other employee.
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job evaluation for local government, hoping that this would enforce the Equal Pay Act without needing to take numerous pay claims to
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In the 1964 general election, the Labour Party's manifesto had proposed a charter of rights including 'the right to
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38:
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That the work done by the claimant is rated (by a job evaluation study) the same as that of the other employee.
732:
445:
ICR 112 (C-127/92), defence through the 'state of the employment market' under the proportionality principle
361:
454:
210:
51:
An Act to prevent discrimination, as regards terms and conditions of employment, between men and women.
199:
855:
559:
159:
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IRLR 822, contracting out, an associated employer and a 'single source' test under art 141 TEC
657:
644:
500:
203:
183:
46:
841:, whose Article 119 address equal pay between men and women. Article 13, introduced by the
249:
That the work done by the claimant is the same, or broadly the same, as the other employee.
8:
814:
Women and Equal Pay: The
Effects of Legislation on Female Employment and Wages in Britain
506:
273:
536:
224:
166:
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Gilbert, Kay. "Promises and practices: job evaluation and equal pay forty years on!."
751:
705:
417:
234:
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The Equal Pay Act was repealed but its substantive provisions were replicated in the
187:
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117:
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of the United States. It has now been mostly superseded by part 5, chapter 3 of the
842:
381:
AC 706, 'common terms and conditions' can include those under collective agreements
648:
896:
791:
Dickens L . "The road is long: thirty years of equality legislation in
Britain,"
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620:
859:
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if no evidence of discrimination is found, a pay disparity need not be justified
850:
846:
511:
72:
389:
ICR 515, terms and conditions must be 'substantially comparable' not identical
301:(C-262/88) 1 QB 344, definition of pay including occupational pension schemes
245:
For an employee to claim under this Act they must prove one of the following:
907:
875:
333:
1 WLR 1408, claimant must prove they are in like work to an actual comparator
531:
681:"Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (Rome, 25 March 1957)"
107:
600:
207:
However, there was no immediate action by either government or unions.
421:
ICR 547 (C-43/75), the 'same establishment or service' definition
774:
Conley, Hazel. "Trade unions, equal pay and the law in the UK."
140:
658:"Women's Worth: the story of the Ford sewing machinists notes"
437:
AC 224, labour scarcity or geographical factors in the defence
341:
QB 852, work must be 'of the same or a broadly similar nature'
317:
IRLR 757, presumption of discrimination with a pay disparity
560:"An Historical Introduction to the Campaign for Equal Pay"
429:
ICR 1, personal factors in the material difference defence
503:, the United States legislation which influenced the Act
309:
AC 894, equality clause implication under EqPA 1970 s 1
835:, on the burden of proof in sex discrimination claims.
357:
AC 66, a 'token man' defence does not defeat a claim
860:
The Equal Pay Act 1970 (Amendment) Regulations 2003
839:
553:
551:
77:Secretary of State for Employment and Productivity
462:Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council v Bainbridge
905:
704:. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. p. 74.
617:"Equality Act an important milestone says Unite"
410:North Cumbria Acute Hospitals NHS Trust v Potter
325:1 WLR 259, purpose of legislation not fair wages
298:Barber v Guardian Royal Exchange Assurance Group
701:The year book of social policy in Britain. 1979
548:
306:Hayward v Cammell Laird Shipbuilders Ltd (No 2)
919:Anti-discrimination law in the United Kingdom
827:Image of the Act on the Parliamentary website
575:Finding a role?: the United Kingdom 1970-1990
697:
426:Clay Cross (Quarry Services) Ltd v Fletcher
365:QB 180, a predecessor is a valid comparator
290:Allonby v Accrington and Rossendale College
402:Ratcliffe v North Yorkshire County Council
373:ICR 860, a successor is a valid comparator
655:
572:
793:British Journal of Industrial Relations
468:Surtees v Middlesbrough Borough Council
370:Diocese of Hallam Trustee v Connaughton
914:United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1970
906:
756:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
698:Brown, Muriel; Baldwin, Sally (1980).
322:Strathclyde Regional Council v Wallace
240:
434:Rainey v Greater Glasgow Health Board
160:Text of statute as originally enacted
934:Women's rights in the United Kingdom
816:(Cambridge University Press, 1985).
442:Enderby v Frenchay Health Authority
13:
268:In 1999, trades unions negotiated
216:1968 Ford sewing machinists strike
167:Revised text of statute as amended
14:
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776:Economic and Industrial Democracy
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483:Birmingham City Council v Abdulla
450:Glasgow County Council v Marshall
394:Lawrence v Regent Office Care Ltd
623:. 1 October 2010. Archived from
496:UK employment discrimination law
386:British Coal Corporation v Smith
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180:Parliament of the United Kingdom
39:Parliament of the United Kingdom
32:
378:Leverton v Clwyd County Council
783:Cambridge Journal of Economics
718:
691:
673:
581:
566:
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413:IRLR 176, 'single source' test
1:
812:Zabalza A. and Z. Tzannatos.
768:
647:. 5 June 2006. Archived from
330:Shield v E Coomes Holding Ltd
944:Gender in the United Kingdom
800:Industrial Relations Journal
362:Macarthys Ltd v Smith (No 2)
7:
890:Sex Discrimination Act 1975
641:"Equal pay heroes honoured"
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455:Sex Discrimination Act 1975
10:
970:
939:Women's rights legislation
845:in 1997, is the basis for
202:'. September 1965 saw the
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178:(c. 41) was an act of the
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929:Equal pay for equal work
807:A Casebook on Labour Law
573:Harrison, Brian (2010).
517:
405:ICR 833, contracting out
354:Pickstone v Freemans plc
338:Capper Pass Ltd v Lawton
282:
200:equal pay for equal work
84:Territorial extent
954:1970 in women's history
949:1970 in labor relations
795:(2007) vol. 45, 463–94.
479:EWCA Civ 810, IRLR 690
471:EWCA Civ 885, IRLR 776
895:2 October 2008 at the
785:39.2 (2015): 381–403.
656:Hastings, Sue (2006).
847:Directives 2000/78/EC
802:43.2 (2012): 137–151.
778:35.2 (2014): 309–323.
542:The National Archives
501:Equal Pay Act of 1963
204:Trades Union Congress
184:Equal Pay Act of 1963
809:(Hart 2019) ch 1, 35
687:. 11 September 2015.
651:on 29 February 2012.
532:"Equal Pay Act 1970"
314:Home Office v Bailey
843:Treaty of Amsterdam
627:on 29 November 2010
507:Equal pay for women
453:ICR 196, under the
346:Eaton Ltd v Nuttall
274:industrial tribunal
241:Elements of a claim
23:
856:Equal Pay Act 1970
537:legislation.gov.uk
225:European Union law
176:Equal Pay Act 1970
22:Equal Pay Act 1970
21:
685:CVCE.EU by UNI.LU
418:Defrenne v Sabena
235:Equality Act 2010
188:Equality Act 2010
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146:Equality Act 2010
135:Other legislation
91:England and Wales
27:Act of Parliament
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874:24 July 2012 at
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153:Status: Repealed
122:29 December 1975
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577:. p. 233.
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118:Commencement
108:Royal assent
15:
601:BBC Radio 4
596:The Reunion
476:GMB v Allen
141:Repealed by
112:29 May 1970
908:Categories
884:2002/73/EC
880:76/207/EEC
869:2006/54/EC
867:Directive
851:2000/43/EC
831:Directive
769:References
663:20 October
47:Long title
631:8 October
607:4 October
599:(Radio).
588:Citations
893:Archived
872:Archived
833:97/80/EC
752:cite web
490:See also
293:IRLR 224
127:Repealed
94:Scotland
57:Citation
742:8 April
194:History
787:online
708:
603:. 2003
736:(PDF)
729:(PDF)
621:Unite
518:Notes
283:Cases
102:Dates
64:c. 41
882:and
849:and
758:link
744:2014
706:ISBN
665:2008
633:2010
609:2010
465:and
174:The
62:1970
645:TUC
220:pay
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